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Journal articles on the topic 'Previous performance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Murphy, Kevin R., William K. Balzer, Maura C. Lockhart, and Elaine J. Eisenman. "Effects of previous performance on evaluations of present performance." Journal of Applied Psychology 70, no. 1 (1985): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.70.1.72.

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2

Murphy, Kevin R., Barbara A. Gannett, Barbara M. Herr, and Judy A. Chen. "Effects of subsequent performance on evaluations of previous performance." Journal of Applied Psychology 71, no. 3 (1986): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.427.

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3

Woo, Heejin. "New CEOs’ previous experience and acquisition performance." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-03-2018-1389.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate how new CEOs’ previous experiences in other organizations and other industries create value in acquisitions. Drawing on the upper echelon perspective, this study theorizes that the multiorganizational experience of new CEOs is positively associated with acquisition performance and, in particular, that the multi-industry experience of new CEOs leads to better performance in diversifying acquisitions than in related acquisitions. While new CEOs without multiorganizational experience undergo a cognitive entrenchment in firm-specific experience, new CEOs with multiorganizational experience can lead acquisitions with more flexibility and agility. Design/methodology/approach Acquisition and organizational data were drawn from the US manufacturing industries (SIC 20-39) between 2008 and 2010. The event study method was used to test hypotheses. In 346 acquisitions made by 139 firms, acquisition performance was measured according to cumulative abnormal returns. Findings Consistent with the hypotheses, the multiorganizational experience of new CEOs was positively associated with acquisition performance and, in particular, the multi-industry experience of new CEOs led to better performance in diversifying acquisitions than in related acquisitions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the CEO literature and acquisition literature by suggesting that the multiorganizational experience of new CEOs can be a valuable source of competitive advantages, particularly when implementing corporate strategies involving interorganizational integration processes.

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4

Peters, Robert, and Mary Beth Woehrle. "ARE STUDENTS PREVIOUS CLINICAL PERFORMANCE PREDICTIVE OF THEIR SUBSEQUENT CLINICAL PERFORMANCE?" Optometry and Vision Science 72, SUPPLEMENT (December 1995): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199512001-00303.

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5

Alanzi, Khalid A. "Does previous collegiate academic experience affect students' performance?" International Journal of Education Economics and Development 6, no. 4 (2015): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2015.075793.

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6

Kashyap, Sonali, Shikhar Bajaj, and Jabanjalin Hida. "Prediction of Student Academics Performance Based on their Previous Performance and Family Support." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10, no. 7 (2017): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00362.6.

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7

Zyphur, Michael J., Sankalp Chaturvedi, and Richard D. Arvey. "Job performance over time is a function of latent trajectories and previous performance." Journal of Applied Psychology 93, no. 1 (2008): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.217.

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8

Šmits, Agnis, and Stig Larsson. "Effects of previous defoliation on pine looper larval performance." Agricultural and Forest Entomology 1, no. 1 (February 1999): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.1999.00004.x.

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9

Sumer, H. Canan, and Patrick A. Knight. "Assimilation and contrast effects in performance ratings: Effects of rating the previous performance on rating subsequent performance." Journal of Applied Psychology 81, no. 4 (August 1996): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.436.

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10

Betts, Lucy R., Tracey J. Elder, James Hartley, and Anthony Blurton. "Predicting university performance in Psychology: the role of previous performance and discipline‐specific knowledge." Educational Studies 34, no. 5 (December 2008): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055690802288528.

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11

Kim, Sunghwan, Jeongmin Choi, Tae Han Kim, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Jong Pil Im, Hyuk-Joon Lee, et al. "Effect of Previous Gastrectomy on the Performance of Postoperative Colonoscopy." Journal of Gastric Cancer 16, no. 3 (2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2016.16.3.167.

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12

HAHN, PHILIP G., and JOHN L. MARON. "Plant water stress and previous herbivore damage affect insect performance." Ecological Entomology 43, no. 1 (August 26, 2017): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12468.

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13

Nadler, Scott F., Gerard A. Malanga, Joseph H. Feinberg, Mariam Rubanni, Peter Moley, and Patrick Foye. "Functional Performance Deficits in Athletes with Previous Lower Extremity Injury." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 12, no. 2 (March 2002): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200203000-00002.

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14

Cano, C., and D. Malone. "On efficiency and validity of previous Homeplug MAC performance analysis." Computer Networks 83 (June 2015): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.03.005.

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15

Beber, Bárbara Costa, and Márcia L. F. Chaves. "Does previous presentation of verbal fluency tasks affect verb fluency performance?" Dementia & Neuropsychologia 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642016dn10100006.

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Background : Performance on the verb fluency (VF) task may be influenced by administration procedures and demographic factors of each population. Objective : The aim of this study was to verify whether the previous administration of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tasks can influence performance on VF; and to analyze the correlation of VF performance with education, age and type of errors in Brazilian healthy elderly. Methods : Sixty-two participants were subdivided into experimental (semantic and the phonemic fluency tasks were administered before the VF) and control groups (VF only). The total score and the types of errors on the VF task were determined. Additional information was computed for the correlational analysis. Results : VF performance did not differ statistically between experimental and control groups, but correlated positively with education and negatively with intrusions. Conclusion : The lack of influence of other verbal fluency tasks on performance of the VF task in elderly individuals allows the use of this order of administration. A strong influence of educational level on VF task performance reinforces the need for further studies in different populations.

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16

Mar, Ellena, Mitchell J. Barnett, Terrill T-L Tang, Debra Sasaki-Hill, James R. Kuperberg, and Katherine Knapp. "Impact of Previous Pharmacy Work Experience on Pharmacy School Academic Performance." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 74, no. 3 (September 2010): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/aj740342.

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17

Heo, Won-Ho. "Performance-Based Reliability Estimates for Highway Bridges Considering Previous Inspection Data." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051873.

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This paper proposes a performance-based resistance deterioration model that reflects the site environment and inspection data for highway bridges. Traffic characteristics and corrosive environment are considered as the site environment. The corrosive environments and traffic characteristics are classified into three categories, namely mild, normal, and severe for the former and light, normal, and heavy for the latter. The deterioration of the resistance capacity due to corrosive environments is evaluated considering both the service period and the concrete crack widths in the pre-stressed concrete (PSC) girder and the reinforced concrete (RC) slab. The deterioration model of the resistance capacity is calibrated by combining the performance degradation model. The performance degradation model is also calibrated using previous bridge inspection results from the standard performance degradation model, which has been developed based on the large amount of data available on many pre-stressed concrete-I (PSC-I) type girder bridges. The developed performance-based resistance deterioration model is used to evaluate the reliability of a bridge in the future. The results show that the performance inspection outcomes, either based on the current status or lifetime inspection history, are critical in estimating the future degradation of the reliability level, inherent to the bridge.

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18

Ribes-Giner, Gabriela, and Maria Fuentes-Blasco. "Influence of candidate qualities and previous president performance in voting intentions." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 91, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2013.765949.

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19

Hu, Xiangling, and Jaideep Motwani. "Adjusting service performance criteria based on categorised information from previous reports." International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research 5, no. 3 (2013): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmor.2013.053628.

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20

Gomez-Martin, A., R. Chacartegui, J. Ramirez-Rico, and J. Martinez-Fernandez. "Performance improvement in olive stone's combustion from a previous carbonization transformation." Fuel 228 (September 2018): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.127.

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21

Gerdhem, Paul, Karin A. Ringsberg, and Kristina Åkesson. "The Relation Between Previous Fractures and Physical Performance in Elderly Women." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87, no. 7 (July 2006): 914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.03.019.

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22

Budda, Madeline L., and Stacy L. Pritt. "Evaluating IACUCs: Previous Research and Future Directions." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000077.

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IACUCs serve a critical role in animal care and use programs, ensuring that institutions which use animals in research and teaching do so responsibly and humanely. This role is defined in part by federal regulations, policies, and guidelines that prescribe the establishment and function of these committees. Often, IACUC administrators are expected to evaluate IACUC performance to ensure that committees execute these functions effectively, and in a manner that is suitable to the institution. However, methods for IACUC performance evaluation have not been well described in the peer-reviewed literature. To address this deficit, we conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE to identify methods that have been used to assess IACUCs. The scope of this review was intentionally broad to capture evaluation methods used by other institutional committees with similar responsibilities in overseeing research conduct, including animal ethics committees (AECs), institutional biosafety committees (IBCs), and institutional review boards (IRBs). Over 100 publications that included empirical evaluation methods were identified, although only 17 evaluated IACUCs in the United States. A substantial number of the studies used qualitative methods, such as surveys or questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The IACUC functions and characteristics most often assessed in the 17 publications included components of the protocol review processes and committee membership. We compiled this information to offer IACUC administrators a source of methodologies that can be incorporated into quality improvement and IACUC performance evaluation efforts. We also suggest ways in which organizations may evaluate IACUCs using methods described in the literature for other types of committees.

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23

Akama, Kenichi. "Previous Task Experience in Metacognitive Experience." Psychological Reports 100, no. 3_suppl (June 2007): 1083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.4.1083-1090.

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This study examined the sources of differences in the correlations among metacognitive experiences and between metacognitive experiences with performance. Task experience was treated as the source of differences. 70 Japanese undergraduate students solved two tasks, one similar to those experienced (experienced task) and the other one barely experienced previously (task not experienced). Correlations among metacognitive experiences showed outcomes of the experienced task supported findings from Efklides' laboratory, and those from a task not experienced were consistent with those of Akama and Yamauchi. The nature of metacognitive experiences in problem-solving is discussed.

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24

Drouillard, J. S., and G. L. Kuhl. "Effects of previous grazing nutrition and management on feedlot performance of cattle." Journal of Animal Science 77, suppl_2 (1999): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1999.77suppl_2136x.

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25

SEO, Kyoko. "The Bodies and Words in the Previous Process of Contemporary Dance Performance." JAPAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SOCIOLOGY 10 (2002): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5987/jjsss.10.49.

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26

Batzer, Frances. "Fertility Performance and Obstetrical Outcomes Among Women With Previous Cesarean Scar Pregnancies." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2011.10.011.

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27

MacLeod, H., and C. Sunderland. "Previous-day hypohydration impairs skill performance in elite female field hockey players." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 22, no. 3 (October 25, 2010): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01230.x.

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28

Ali, Albadri A. "Strategic planning–organizational performance relationship: Perspectives of previous studies and literature review." International Journal of Healthcare Management 11, no. 1 (September 2, 2016): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047971915y.0000000017.

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29

Pelt, Dirk H. M., Dimitri van der Linden, Curtis S. Dunkel, and Marise Ph Born. "The general factor of personality and job performance: Revisiting previous meta-analyses." International Journal of Selection and Assessment 25, no. 4 (November 14, 2017): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12188.

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30

Ingram, Tony G. J., Carolyn A. Duncan, Avril Mansfield, Jeannette M. Byrne, and William E. McIlroy. "The influence of previous experiences on participant performance during maritime simulation testing." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 17, no. 3 (January 29, 2016): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1463922x.2016.1138153.

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31

Maymon, Ron, Ran Svirsky, Noam Smorgick, Sonia Mendlovic, Reuvit Halperin, Karin Gilad, and Yosef Tobvin. "Fertility Performance and Obstetric Outcomes Among Women With Previous Cesarean Scar Pregnancy." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 30, no. 9 (September 2011): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2011.30.9.1179.

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32

Cemerlic-Adjic, Nada, Katica Pavlovic, Bojan Mihajlovic, Dragic Bankovic, Bogoljub Mihajlovic, Miklos Fabri, and Lazar Velicki. "Clinical Performance of the EuroSCORE II Compared with the Previous EuroSCORE Iterations." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 62, no. 04 (April 21, 2014): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1367734.

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33

Velasco-Montero, Delia, Jorge Fernandez-Berni, Ricardo Carmona-Galan, and Angel Rodriguez-Vazquez. "PreVIous: A Methodology for Prediction of Visual Inference Performance on IoT Devices." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 10 (October 2020): 9227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.2981684.

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34

Cabral, R. G., C. E. Chapman, K. M. Aragona, E. Clark, M. Lunak, and P. S. Erickson. "Predicting colostrum quality from performance in the previous lactation and environmental changes." Journal of Dairy Science 99, no. 5 (May 2016): 4048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9868.

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35

Johnson, Christopher M., Clifford K. Madsen, and John M. Geringer. "A Study of Music Students’ Tempo Changes of a Soloist’s Performance of Mozart’s 1st Horn Concerto." Journal of Research in Music Education 60, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429412445486.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to investigate music students’ tempo changes of a soloist’s performance in an excerpt from Mozart’s Concerto No. 1 in D Major for Horn and Orchestra. We then compared the composite rubato pattern to tendencies found in a previous investigation using Mozart’s Concerto No. 2 in E ♭ Major for Horn and Orchestra. Data were collected directly from listeners’ Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) dial movements, which controlled the instantaneous tempo of the solo horn performance. Some tendencies from previous rubato performances were replicated; however, overall performances more closely reflected the previous performances of the lowest rated horn performers than those judged as the highest caliber performers.

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36

Georgakakis, Dimitrios, and Tine Buyl. "Guardians of the Previous Regime: Post-CEO Succession Factional Subgroups and Firm Performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 16454. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.16454abstract.

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37

Versura, P., V. Profazio, and E. C. Campos. "Performance of Tear Osmolarity Compared to Previous Diagnostic Tests for Dry Eye Diseases." Current Eye Research 35, no. 7 (July 2010): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2010.484557.

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38

Georgakakis, Dimitrios, and Tine Buyl. "Guardians of the previous regime: Post-CEO succession factional subgroups and firm performance." Long Range Planning 53, no. 3 (June 2020): 101971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2020.101971.

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39

Goisman, R. M., R. M. Levin, E. Krupat, S. R. Pelletier, and J. E. Alpert. "Psychiatric OSCE Performance of Students With and Without a Previous Core Psychiatry Clerkship." Academic Psychiatry 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.34.2.141.

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40

Ansiau, D., P. Wild, M. Niezborala, I. Rouch, and J. C. Marquié. "Effects of working conditions and sleep of the previous day on cognitive performance." Applied Ergonomics 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2007.01.004.

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41

Levy, Jerre, Nancy Wagner, and Karen Luh. "The previous visual field: Effects of lateralization and response accuracy on current performance." Neuropsychologia 28, no. 12 (January 1990): 1239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(90)90040-u.

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42

Porrini, Patrizia. "Can a Previous Alliance Between an Acquirer and a Target Affect Acquisition Performance?" Journal of Management 30, no. 4 (August 2004): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.02.003.

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43

Heyn, Patricia C., Rosa A. Tang, Tammie Nakamura, and Robert S. Schwartz. "P-112: Previous computer knowledge effect on older adults' computerized cognitive test performance." Alzheimer's & Dementia 3, no. 3S_Part_2 (July 2007): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.176.

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44

Harvey, Leonie, Matthew Bousson, Chris McLellan, and Dale Lovell. "The Effect of Previous Wingate Performance Using one Body Region on Subsequent Wingate Performance Using a Different Body Region." Journal of Human Kinetics 56, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0029.

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AbstractThe 30 second Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the gold standard measure of anaerobic performance. The present investigation aimed to determine if a previous WAnT using one body region significantly affected a subsequent WAnT using a different body region. Twelve male university students (n = 12, 23 ± 2 years, 84 ± 16.1 kg, 178.5 ± 7.4 cm) volunteered to complete two repeated WAnT protocols (either lower body WAnT followed by an upper body WAnT or vice versa) on two separate testing occasions. The upper body WAnT was conducted on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer using a flywheel braking force corresponding to 5% bodyweight. The lower body WAnT was conducted on an electronically braked cycle ergometer using a flywheel braking force corresponding to 7.5% bodyweight. Participants had a 1 minute rest period for transition between WAnTs. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. No significant differences were identified in power indices for the lower body between 30 s WAnTs. When the upper body WAnT was performed 2nd, absolute peak power (p < 0.01), mean power (p < 0.001) and relative mean power (p < 0.001) were significantly lower compared to when the upper body WAnT was performed 1st. The value of maximum revolutions per minute was significantly lower (p < 0.001) when the upper body WAnT was performed after the lower body WAnT, compared to when it was performed 1st (193.3 ± 11.4 1st vs 179.8 ± 14.4 2nd). Previous upper body sprint exercise does not significantly affect lower body sprint exercise; however, previous lower body sprint exercise severely compromises subsequent upper body sprint performance.

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45

Evans, Carig, and Gary van Vuuren. "Investment strategy performance under tracking error constraints." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(1).2019.19.

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Recent (2018) evidence identifies the increased need for active managers to facilitate the exploitation of investment opportunities found in inefficient markets. Typically, active portfolios are subject to tracking error (TE) constraints. The risk-return relationship of such constrained portfolios is described by an ellipse in mean-variance space, known as the constant TE frontier. Although previous work assessed the performance of active portfolio strategies on the efficient frontier, this article uses several performance indicators to evaluate the outperformance of six active portfolio strategies over the benchmark – subject to various TE constraints – on the constant TE frontier.

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46

MCDONALD, J. DAVID. "Wet pressing and product quality: Review of previous pilot machine trials." July 2020 19, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.7.369.

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The purpose of wet pressing is to remove water by mechanical means to consolidate the web and minimize the energy expended in the dryer section. In this process, paper is compacted and densified to degrees that impact end-use performance. Average density is increased by pressing, which has implications for grades where stiffness is important. The z-direction density gradients can affect printing and converting. Lastly, pressing affects surface quality of paper and its response to printing. Broadly speaking, the final press nip dominates the paper surface roughness and the early press nips affect printing performance.

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47

Aranguren, María. "Influence of previous knowledge in Torrance tests of creative thinking." International Journal of Psychological Research 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.1511.

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The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of study field, expertise and recreational activities participation in Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT, 1974) performance. Several hypotheses were postulated to explore the possible effects of previous knowledge in TTCT verbal and TTCT figural university students’ outcomes. Participants in this study included 418 students from five study fields: Psychology; Philosophy and Literature, Music; Engineering; and Journalism and Advertising (Communication Sciences). Results found in this research seem to indicate that there in none influence of the study field, expertise and recreational activities participation in neither of the TTCT tests. Instead, the findings seem to suggest some kind of interaction between certain skills needed to succeed in specific studies fields and performance on creativity tests, such as the TTCT. These results imply that TTCT is a useful and valid instrument to measure creativity and that some cognitive process involved in innovative thinking can be promoted using different intervention programs in schools and universities regardless the students study field.

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48

Copeland, David Watabe. "Fundamental Performance Limits of Heatsinks." Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1569262.

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Dedicated fan-duct-heatsink combinations have become a standard means of cooling computer processors. Most previous studies have considered optimization of fin geometry (pitch and thickness) with overall heatsink dimensions (width, height, length) fixed. The present study considers size requirements for the constraints of fixed air volume flow rate and pressure drop, fixed fan/blower power, and fixed thermal conductance. First, an ideal heatsink with infinite fin thermal conductivity is considered, providing simple power-law prediction of performance. Next, fins of finite thermal conductivity and thickness, as well as effects of developing flow are included in the analysis, permitting prediction and minimization of weight. Models of both levels of complexity can be used, previous to more detailed numerical and/or experimental studies, to design optimized heatsinks.

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49

Green, Lucy, and Ian Chetter. "Trainee performance in simulated vascular procedures is predicted by number of procedures previous performed, not previously observed: An un-blinded observational study." International Journal of Surgery 10, no. 8 (2012): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.06.380.

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50

Alharbi, Fahad, and Abdoulrahman Aljounaidi. "Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, and Employee Performance." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 29 (September 5, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.294.

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This paper aims to investigate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. First relation between transformational leadership and employee performance. The second relation discuss in this paper between transactional leadership and employee performance. Researcher dependent on previous studies to conduct this research. Based on the previous studies reviewed and discussed, the results showed that the transformational leadership style has weak positive role effect on the employee performance inside organisations that they work in. However, the result of previous studies on the transactional leadership style refers to the strong positive role on employee performance in organisations that they work in. Leaders have to enhance the role of transactional leadership styles in organisations that they manage them, to improve and develop the relationship between them and their subordinates in to increase the performance of their employee. Leaders should not follow the transformational leadership style because the results of previous studies are refer to a weak positive role on employee performance , and need more studies on transformational leadership to prove the role of it in different cultures and organisations. For further research in this scope, researcher recommended to conduct research in different cultures or organisations to determine leadership style has strong positive role on employee performance beside transactional leadership.

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