Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Priapus'

Diss.--Fachbereich Kommunikations- und Geschichtswissenschaften--Berlin--Technische Universität, 1990.
Ne contient pas le plein texte latin, mais un comment. linéaire, trad. allemande par strophe. Bibliogr. p. 9-23. Index.

Prolonged low-flow (ischaemic) priapism results in a progressive alteration of the microenvironment within the corpus cavemosum with the development of hypoxia, acidosis and glucopenia and a reduction in the responsiveness to a-adrenergic receptor agonists. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the corporal microenvironment in patients presenting with refractory low-flow priapism and then develop an in vitro model to investigate the effects of hypoxia, acidosis or glucopenia on the tone of the rabbit corpus cavemosum. The recovery of smooth muscle contractility following exposure to these conditions was also investigated. Hypoxia, acidosis or glucopenia alone or in combination showed a sustained and significant reduction in the smooth muscle tone. This was most marked for conditions of hypoxia combined with glucopenia and the combination of hypoxia, acidosis and glucopenia. Reperfusion of tissue strips showed complete recovery of smooth muscle tone for all conditions except when hypoxia and glucopenia were combined or when hypoxia, glucopenia and acidosis were used in combination. Incomplete recovery of tone was not associated with an impairment of nitrergic relaxation responses but was associated with a significant reduction in tissue ATP concentrations and an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei. This indicates that in the presence of hypoxia, acidosis and glucopenia, failure of conventional a-adrenergic agonists in low-flow priapism is associated with irreversible smooth muscle cell dysfunction which is linked to ATP depletion and smooth muscle cell death.

Priape est certes l'un des dieux les plus populaires de l'Antiquité, mais il est aussi le plus mal connu, méprisé et raillé de tout le panthéon gréco-romain. Comment en effet imaginer, à notre époque si partagée en matière religieuse, que les Anciens aient pu croire en une divinité aussi obscène, paillarde, ridicule parfois ? La présente étude s'attache à réhabiliter Priape en montrant comment s'est forgée la complexité de sa représentation selon le lieu, l'endroit et les attentes du commanditaire de la figuration. La garde-robe, particulièrement riche et variée, dont il est revêtu, dément la réputation de nudité agressive qui caractérise ce dieu dont la gestuelle diverse et chargée de symboles contredit un autre préjugé tenace : son attitude exhibitionniste invariable. Originaire d'Asie Mineure, Priape est parvenu à Rome avec tout un bagage culturel dont il s'est doté en traversant les pays et régions où s'est implanté son culte à un point tel qu'il parvient à toucher toutes les couches de la population, devenant l'une des divinités les plus représentées de toute l'Antiquité. Un genre littéraire lui est même consacré, laissant son empreinte dans les légendes construites autour du personnage qu'est Priape. La constitution d'un corpus iconographique considérable permet à cette étude d'établir des comparaisons, constantes et divergences dans les représentations du dieu et de les confronter à la majorité des textes rédigés en langues latine et grecque évoquant Priape. Par l'intermédiaire de trois annexes jamais encore rassemblées et confrontées qui enrichisssent ce travail, nous espérons pouvoir aider à reconstruire la figure de ce dieu qui mérite d'être mieux connu
Priapus is one of the most popular god of antiquity, but he is also the most unknown, scoffed and scorned of all greek and roman gods. Indeed, how is it possible to think, in our so religiously shared times, that the people of Antiquity could have believed in such an obscene, bawdy and sometimes ridiculous god ? The goal of our study is to clear Priapus' reputation showing how complex his representation was, according to the place, and the will of the sponsor of the representation. The particularly rich and various clothing he wears goes against the reputation of aggressive nudity, characteristic of this god whose various body movements, full of symbols, is in contradiction with another strong prejudice : his unvarying exhibitionist behaviour. Coming from Minor Asia, Priapus arrived in Rome with a cultural background, that he constitued going across all the countries and the regions where his cult settled down to such an extent that he managed to reach all the layers of the population, becoming therefore one of the most represented divinity of antiquity. A literary genre is even dedicated to Priapus, giving his footprint in the legends that are built around his character. The making of a considerable iconographical study allows to our study the establishment of comparisons, constants and differences in the representations of the god and to make a confrontation with greek and latin texts about Priapus. Through the three appendices that have never been gathered and that enrich this work, we hope to help restoring the character of this god who should be better known

Connu surtout comme le dieu des jardins romains, priape a pu recouvrir des son apparition a l'aube hellenistique et jusqu'au sein du moyen age chretien, des realites tres differentes. Mais, dans les maigres cultures que le dieu est cense surveiller, rien, ou presque, ne pousse. Et, a l'image des miserables jardins de priape, la statue de celui-ci est taillee en un mediocre bois de figuier. Son sexe apparait alors comme un instrument aussi agressif qu'inefficace, un phallus qui ne produit ni la fecondite, ni meme une joie sterile. Baubo-lambe ne croise jamais priape. Mais bien des themes associent ces deux figures de l'exces chez les anciens : une sexualite anomique, la laideur, l'obscene, le rire et l'effroi
Priapus was an ithyphallic deity of ancient greece and rome. He is known mainly as the god of roman gardens. In guarding his little gardens, as well as in amorous adventures, he is often ineffactuel. Baubo figures in the myth of the anciens greek goddess demeter as the perpetrator of an obscene spectacle that causes the goddess to laugh and that marks the end of her long period of mourning. The "baubo of priens" merge the head, the belly, and the female sexual organ, with the genitale immediately below the mouth

The phylum Priapulida is a small group of marine worms that is allied with the nematodes, kinorhynchs, loriciferans and nematomorphs in a clade called the Cycloneuralia or Introverta. Together with the arthropods they are generally considered to comprise the Ecdysozoa, a clade of moulting animals. A number of recent priapulid species possess features that resemble the predicted Ecdysozoan ancestor. In addition, recent molecular studies have also shown that they are basal within the Ecdysozoa/Cycloneuralia (Garey 2001, Webster et al. 2006). Their putative basal position thus makes priapulids highly interesting research objects for understanding the evolution of Ecdysozoa.

Earlier investigations of the early embryology of the priapulid Priapulus caudatus are critically revised with the aid of modern techniques and equipment, confirming earlier studies that the early cleavages are highly symmetrical, total, subequal, radial and stereotypical. New results show that up to the sixth cleavage, the spindles are oriented along the animal/vegetal axis at both poles. This unique cleavage pattern has only limited similarities to other animals. During the sixth cleavage two cells move inwards and gastrulation commences. If the mesoderm is derived from both cells, its origin differs from that of many other protostomes.

Two previously undescribed larval stages of P. caudatus; the light bulb shaped hatchling and the first lorica larva are described. The second lorica larva superficially resembles the previously described type 2 lorica larva (Higgins et al 1993). Differences between the second lorica larva and the type 2 lorica larva, with respect to possible ecophenotypical variation and sub-specialization, are described.

Preliminary data are presented on musculature development of P. caudatus. Preliminary data have also been obtained on the early development of a second priapulid, Halicryptus spinulosus. Comparison of Halicryptus and Priapulus may help to resolve developmental ground pattern of the priapulids.

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O presente estudo tem como foco a ind?stria cal?adista e a sua rela??o com a fabrica??o de produtos de marcas pr?prias do varejo. O objetivo central est? em analisar os fatores motivadores e restritivos da ind?stria do cal?ado em fornecer marcas pr?prias aos varejistas. A fundamenta??o te?rica est? baseada no tema Marca, seus conceitos, caracter?sticas, a divis?o para marcas de fabricantes e marcas pr?prias. Tamb?m ? abordado o Mercado de Marcas Pr?prias, subdividido em contexto internacional e nacional e ind?strias de marcas pr?prias no varejo cal?adista. E, por fim, trata sobre as Estrat?gias de Marcas, conceitos, caracter?sticas, vantagens competitivas, influ?ncias do marketing nas estrat?gias e estrat?gias para fabricantes de marcas. Atrav?s do m?todo de estudo de casos m?ltiplos, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, aplicadas em seis empresas cal?adistas, selecionadas por julgamento, localizadas na Regi?o Sul do Brasil. O roteiro de entrevistas ? no formato semiestruturado com perguntas abertas, promovendo assim um estudo qualitativo da pesquisa. Para an?lise dos dados, foi realizado um estudo de conte?do das entrevistas e posterior compara??o dos casos. Os resultados foram avaliados sobre quatro categorias principais, que s?o a Evolu??o das Marcas Pr?prias, as Pol?ticas de Marcas Pr?prias por parte dos Fabricantes, os Fatores Motivadores e Restritivos na Produ??o de Marcas Pr?prias e a Percep??o do Fabricante sobre as Estrat?gias de Marcas Pr?prias. Como resultado final, obteve-se uma an?lise do mercado cal?adista de marcas pr?prias sob a perspectiva do fabricante. Os fabricantes cal?adistas reconhecem que h? uma evolu??o das marcas pr?prias do varejo, por?m somente em fun??o do pre?o (inferior). As estrat?gias de marcas pr?prias do varejo adotadas pelos fabricantes n?o est?o formalizadas e documentadas; trabalham de acordo com suas experi?ncias anteriores. Aumento nas vendas, rentabilidade da empresa e continua??o da produ??o s?o alguns dos fatores que motivam a ind?stria fornecer marcas pr?prias dos varejistas. J? o que desmotiva o fornecimento s?o a desvaloriza??o do fabricante pelo varejista, o produto de marca pr?pria ainda ser considerado como de qualidade inferior e o poder de negocia??o do varejo. Para o varejista, a marca pr?pria lhe confere a autonomia do neg?cio, desde a independ?ncia do fabricante at? a n?o formaliza??o dos processos. Observa-se que esse mercado encontra-se atrofiado, distante do ideal. Devido sua hist?ria, a ind?stria cal?adista n?o est? preparada para essa nova condi??o de mercado, que ? a marca pr?pria. O fabricante teve sob seu poder a autonomia do neg?cio, e a marca pr?pria inverte essa rela??o, passando o poder para o varejista, que ? o detentor da marca. ? um mercado incerto, que n?o fornece garantias concretas para a ind?stria do cal?ado.

La drépanocytose résulte d’une mutation du gène β-globine entrainant la synthèse d’une hémoglobine anormale, l’HBS, qui polymérise en condition désoxygénée. Le globule rouge deviendra plus rigide et plus fragile, donnant lieu a deux conséquences majeures : l’hémolyse accrue et l’occlusion vasculaire.Récemment, un nouvel acteur moléculaire, l’adénosine, a été identifie. Ce nucléoside présente des effets bénéfiques sur les atteintes pulmonaires en inhibant l’activation des cellules « tueur naturel t inductibles », mais aussi délétères en favorisant la polymérisation de l’HBS et la survenue du priapisme, une des complications drépanocytaires.Les travaux menés ont pour objectifs d’étudier les effets délétères potentiels de l’adénosine, à travers l’étude de l’implication des enzymes de la voie métabolique de l’adénosine dans l’hémolyse ainsi que dans la survenue du priapisme chez des patients drépanocytaires. Pour ce faire, une cohorte composée d’adultes et d’enfants SS a été étudiée. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de préciser le rôle du métabolisme de l’adénosine dans les mécanismes physiopathologiques de la drépanocytose. Nos résultats n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence de différence d’expression (ARN, protéine) des enzymes du métabolisme de l’adénosine entre les patients présentant des antécédents priapiques et ceux indemnes de cette complication. Néanmoins, nos recherches ont permis d’identifier l’adénylate cyclasse 6 comme gène modulateur de l’hémolyse et d’apporter de nouveaux éléments en accord avec la classification du priapisme comme appartenant au sous-phénotype hyperhémolytique à travers notamment l’étude des caractéristiques hemorhéologiques
Sickle-cell disease is caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene leading to an abnormal hemoglobin, hbs. This change allows polymerization of HBS when deoxygenated. Erythrocytes become more rigid and fragile, leading to the two major manifestations of the disease: hemolysis and vaso-occlusion.Recently, adenosine has been identified as a new molecular actor of this disease. This nucleoside may have beneficial effects by preventing inkt cells activation and pulmonary inflammation. But it may also exhibit deleterious effects by activing a signalling pathway leading to erythrocyte sickling and the occurrence of priapism, a sickle cell disease complication.The purpose of our work, based on the potential deleterious effects induced by adenosine was to precise the involvement of adenosine metabolic pathway enzymes in hemolysis and the occurrence of priapism. Two cohorts of children and adult ss patients and men ss have been studied respectively.Our results had clarified the role of metabolism of adenosine in the pathophysiological mechanisms of sickle cell disease. Our results did not allow detecting evidence of differential expression (rna, protein levels) of adenosine metabolism enzymes between ss adult patients exhibiting priapic events and those who had never experienced this complication. Nevertheless, our work has led to the identification of adenylate cyclase as modifier gene of hemolysis and has bring new elements on the priapism classification to the hyper hemolytic sub-phenotype with the description of the hemorheological features associated with this complication

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The general objective in this dissertation consists of analyzing the Foreign Direct Investment in the hypermarket chain in Brazil, emphasizing the products of proper mark as differentiation strategy front to the competition. Recently the retail sector comes growing of accented form, stimulated mainly for the strategies of growth adopted by the great hypermarket chain. Beyond investing in technology, expansion of store and internal growth, the great nets follow investing of significant form in the products of Proper Mark (MP). In this segment of products the leader of market CBD/P?o de A??car follows launching new itens of launched currently commercialization and already it possesses more than 14 thousand itens. To verify which the perception of the consumers in relation to the products of MP and which the determinative factors in the choice of the purchase place, a research was accomplished in Volta Redonda city with 187 customers of the Sendas, supermarket that belongs the CBD/P?o de A??car since 2003. It could be concluded there are two distinct strategies in the positioning of the MP products, it can be offered the product as strategy of customer loyalty, in view of that the main consumers of these products are pertaining people to the social class A and B, or can be grow up popularization strategies to increase the willing number of consumers to acquire these products, because the lowest social class still see them with distrust.
O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em analisar o Investimento Direto Estrangeiro nas redes supermercadistas no Brasil, enfatizando os produtos de marca pr?pria como estrat?gia de diferencia??o frente ? concorr?ncia. Nos ?ltimos anos o setor varejista vem crescendo de forma acentuada, impulsionado principalmente pelas estrat?gias de crescimento adotadas pelas grandes redes supermercadistas. Al?m de investir em tecnologia, expans?o de lojas e crescimento interno, as grandes redes seguem investindo de forma significativa nos produtos de Marca Pr?pria (MP). Neste segmento de produtos a l?der de mercado Companhia Brasileira de Distribui??o/ P?o de A??car segue lan?ando novos itens de comercializa??o e j? possui atualmente mais de 14 mil itens lan?ados. Para verificar qual a percep??o dos consumidores em rela??o aos produtos de MP e quais os fatores determinantes na escolha do local de compra, foi realizada uma pesquisa na cidade de Volta Redonda com 187 clientes do Sendas, supermercado que pertence a CBD/P?o de A??car desde 2003. Conclui-se que existem duas estrat?gias distintas no posicionamento dos produtos de MP, os supermercados podem oferecer o produto como estrat?gia de fideliza??o de clientes, tendo em vista que os principais consumidores destes produtos s?o pessoas pertencentes ?s classes A e B, ou podem criar estrat?gias de divulga??o para aumentar o n?mero de consumidores dispostos a adquirir estes produtos, pois as classes mais baixas ainda os v?em com desconfian?a.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar através de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, as alterações nos corpos cavernosos de indivíduos com priapismo isquêmico. Foram estudados fragmentos de corpos cavernosos obtidos por biópsia de sete pacientes com, pelo menos, 48 horas de priapismo isquêmico, com idade entre 27 e 44 anos (média de 38 anos). Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico pela técnica de Al-ghorab. O material foi submetido a técnicas histoquímicas e imunohistoquímicas para a caracterização e quantificação do músculo liso e dos elementos fibrosos do tecido conjuntivo. A análise do corpo cavernoso dos pacientes com priapismo e do grupo controle, mostrou os seguintes resultados: Colágeno: controle = 34.76 4.64, priapismo = 39.64 2.91 (p = 0.0019); sistema elástico: controle 28.10 2.85, priapismo 36.10 3.06 (p = 0.0012) fibras musculares: controle = 43.37 4.96, priapismo = 26.48 5.00 (p < 0.0001). Ficou caracterizado aumento estatisticamente significativo dos elementos fibrosos do tecido conjuntivo e diminuição significativa nas fibras musculares lisas do corpo cavernoso dos pacientes com priapismo isquêmico. O presente estudo mostrou que o priapismo isquêmico está associado a alterações significativas nos componentes da matriz extracelular e na musculatura lisa do corpo cavernoso. Esses resultados poderiam explicar a disfunção erétil que acompanha os pacientes com priapismo isquêmico.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate through quantitative and qualitative methods, the changes in the corpora cavernosa of patients with ischemic priapism. We obtained samples of corpora cavernosa from 7 patients with ischemic priapism, aged between 28 and 44 years (mean = 38), who underwent a cavernosal-glandular shunt. The control tissues were fragments of corpora cavernosa obtained from autopsies of 7 age-matched men who died of causes not related to the urogenital tract. Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess and quantify the extra-cellular matrix and smooth muscle fibers. The volumetric density of smooth muscle, elastic fibers and collagen were determined in corpora cavernosa. The stereological analysis showed the following values of volumetric density in the structures studied. Collagen: controls = 34.76 4.64, priapism = 39.64 2.91 (p = 0.0019); elastic system fibers: controls 28.10 2.85, priapism 36.10 3.06 (p = 0.0012), smooth muscle fibers: controls = 43.37 4.96, priapism = 26.48 5.00 (p < 0.0001). Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the fibrous elements of the connective tissue and a significant decrease of smooth muscle fibers in the corpora cavernosa of patients with ischemic priapism, when compared to controls. As conclusion, this study showed that ischemic priapism is associated with early significant changes in the components of the extra cellular matrix and smooth muscle fibers of corpora cavernosa. This could explain the frequent occurrence of erectile dysfunction found in patients with ischemic priapism.

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This dissertation, inserted in the research line: Studies in Evaluation aims to study the work process of the Internal Assessment Commissions of Higher Education Institutions of Campinas, that integrate the National Higher Education Evaluation Systems (SINAES), from the point of view of a fundamental player - the coordinator - and its institutional assessment team. The main focus of this work is to investigate how the assessment process is coordinated. Additionally, it is also investigated who are the coordinators, how the institutional assessment process was conceived and what are their expectations. A literature review was also performed in order to get basic theoretical concepts about Institutional Assessment thematic, enhancing the author s knowledge and updating the information about SINAES. A semi structured interview methodology was used for data collection, aiming to identify the relevant points and topics to be considered in this study. It is intended that the data and information collected in this study collaborate with the improvement of the current institutional assessment process.
Esta disserta??o est? inserida na linha de pesquisa: Estudos em Avalia??o e tem como objetivo estudar o trabalho das Comiss?es Pr?prias de Avalia??o das Institui??es de Ensino Superior de Campinas, que integram o Sistema Nacional de Avalia??o da Educa??o Superior (SINAES), a partir da vis?o de um ator fundamental nesse processo - o coordenador -, que em conjunto com os demais membros da comiss?o coordenaram o processo de auto-avalia??o institucional. Procura-se conhecer como foram coordenados esses trabalhos, quem s?o os coordenadores, como eles concebem a avalia??o institucional e o que esperam do atual sistema avaliativo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, ampliando o conhecimento da autora sobre a tem?tica Avalia??o Institucional , como, tamb?m, atualizando as informa??es a respeito do SINAES. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com a finalidade de identificar pontos e t?picos considerados relevantes para atingir os objetivos propostos nesse estudo. Pretende-se colaborar com dados e informa??es que possibilitem o aperfei?oamento do atual sistema avaliativo.

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O aumento da expectativa de vida tem proporcionado a mulheres em todo o mundo viver cerca de metade de suas vidas adultas ap?s a menopausa, com defici?ncia de estr?genos. A priva??o hormonal evidenciada a partir desse per?odo de vida traz consigo um grande n?mero de consequ?ncias, incluindo d?ficit cognitivo, mudan?as nos estados de humor, incluindo depress?o e ansiedade, redu??o de qualidade do sono e sintomas caracter?sticos tais como ondas de calor, sudorese noturna, entre outros. O d?ficit cognitivo pode apresentar rela??o com os demais sintomas durante esse per?odo da vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de mulheres perimenop?usicas em fun??o de transtornos de humor, comorbidades, sintomatologia climat?rica e ovariectomia cir?rgica. Sessenta e nove mulheres foram recrutadas na Maternidade Escola Janu?rio Cicco, Natal-RN. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado utilizando testes cognitivos para mem?ria verbal epis?dica, e fun??o executiva, incluindo mem?ria operacional, al?m de question?rio para queixas de mem?ria. Foram tamb?m investigados os transtornos de humor (depress?o e ansiedade) e a qualidade do sono. A presen?a de comorbidades e sintomatologia climat?rica foram obtidos atrav?s dos prontu?rios das participantes. As queixas de climat?rio foram mensuradas por meio do ?ndice de Blatt-Kupperman. Todas estas vari?veis, incluyindo a ovariectomia cir?rgica foram utilizadas como preditores do desempenho cognitivo por meio da an?lise estat?stica de modelo linear generalizado, considerando p < 0,05. Maiores sintomas de ansiedade e depress?o e qualidade de sono, foram preditores do desempenho cognitivo para fun??o executiva. Al?m disso, a sintomatologia climat?rica e os sintomas de depress?o foram preditores das queixas de mem?ria, mas as comorbidades n?o predisseram o desempenho cognitivo. A ovariectomia cir?rgica, mas n?o a perimenopausa natural, predisse o desempenho cognitivo dominu?do para mem?ria epis?dica. O hipoestrogenismo agudo vivenciado por mulheres ovariectomizadas cirurgicamente sugere uma r?pida altera??o cognitiva, provavelmente decorrente do efeito degenerativo do d?ficit hormonal. Nestes casos, a terapia de reposi??o hormonal, desde que observados os crit?rios para a sua prescri??o, possivelmente reduziria essa altera??o, como sugere a hip?tese da janela cr?tica de oportunidade. Portanto, no per?odo de transi??o perimenop?usica ocorrem altera??es fisiol?gicas pr?prias desta condi??o, al?m das repercuss?es do hipoestrogenismo sobre a cogni??o, estados de humor e qualidade do sono, de forma que abordagem integrada destes fatores pode favorecer a qualidade de vida das pacientes.
General life expectancy has increased, which has provided to women around the world live about half of their adult lives after menopause, facing estrogen deficiency. Hormone deprivation evidenced in this period of life brings with it a great number of consequences for women, including cognitive deficit, changes in mood such as depression and anxiety, reduced sleep quality, and characteristic symptoms of this period, which includes hot flashes and facial flush, among others. Hence, this research aims to assess whether mood, sleep quality, menopausal complaints and surgical ovariectomy predicted the cognitive performance in perimenopausal women. Sixry-nine women were recruited in the Climacteric Clinic at the Janu?rio Cicco Maternity-School, Natal-RN, Brazil. The assessment of cognitive performance occurred through tests of episodic memory, executive function and a questionnaire of memory complaints. Mood, sleep quality, comorbidities, menopausal complaints and surgical ovariectomy were analyzed as predictors of the cognitive performance. Comorbidities and menopausal symptoms data were collected in the participants? medical records. The menopausal complaints were measured by the Blatt-Kupperman Index. The statistical analysis was conducted using general linear model and all data analysis was considered significant when P-value was < 0.05. Higher anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as worse sleep quality, predicted executive function performance. Also, menopausal complaints and depression symptoms predicted memory complaints, but comorbidities did not predict cognitive performance. Surgical ovariectomy but not natural perimenopause predicted reduced episodic memory performance in women. The acute hypoestrogenism faced by surgically ovariectomized women indicates a fast change in cognitive performance, which may suggest the degenerative effect of hormonal absence and a preventive use of hormone therapy could possibly reduce this alteration, as supported by the critical windows hypothesis. Therefore, in the perimenopausal transition typical physiological alterations are commonly found, as well as hypoestrogenism repercussions on cognition, mood and sleep quality. Hence, an integrated approach of those factors may improve life quality for the climacteric patients.
2018-09-08

Deux manifestations corporelles liées au désir, que les personnages s’y soumettent ou qu’ils s’y soustraient, sont particulièrement récurrentes dans le théâtre de William Shakespeare : la turgescence et l’érubescence. La première est traditionnellement interprétée comme une marque de lubricité quand la seconde est prise pour un signe de pudeur. Pourtant, chacune constitue un langage du corps équivoque, dont les significations sont multiples, voire contradictoires. Dans cet enchevêtrement, il n’est pas rare que le rougissement et la pâleur rencontrent le durcissement et l’amollissement, dans le corpus shakespearien même, comme dans ses sources antiques, mythologiques (Ovide, Virgile) et médicales (Galien). L’iconographie de la Renaissance, qui s’empare de sujets classiques et bibliques, fait aussi la part belle à la représentation de la nudité, en mettant en valeur la couleur et la forme des corps. Parce que ces expressions physiques étaient difficilement représentables sur la scène élisabéthaine (la turgescence est obscène, et l’érubescence ne peut être commandée), elles furent vraisemblablement remplacées au théâtre par des expressions corporelles de substitution
Two corporal manifestations which are linked with sexual desire (whether it be excessive or restrained) are particularly recurrent and puzzling in Shakespeare’s theatre: swelling and reddening. The first is often phallic, hence traditionally interpreted as bawdy, when the second is assumed to be a sign of modesty. Nevertheless, they could also be defined as equivocal and ambiguous. Besides, they tend to appear simultaneously and intertwine in texts, not only in Shakespeare’s, but in the mythological (Ovid, Virgil) and medical (Galen) sources of the plays as well. Renaissance iconography has also represented nude bodies, enhancing skin colours and textures, within both Classical and Christian contexts. But because these actions could not be performed on the Elizabethan stage (one is obscene, and the other uneasily counterfeited), they had to be replaced by other body languages

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Introdução: O priapismo representa uma condição patológica relativamente rara na população em geral, mas uma das emergências mais comuns em Urologia. Uma das suas complicações tardias mais comuns é o aparecimento de disfunção erétil. Com este estudo propomo-nos a analisar a realidade vivenciada no CHUC durante os anos de 2012 a 2018, procurando como objetivo principal perceber como foi feita a abordagem hospitalar dos doentes e o impacto desta no posterior aparecimento de disfunção erétil.Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal de todos os doentes com diagnóstico de priapismo no CHUC entre os anos de 2012 a 2018, o que envolve uma população de 32 doentes com um total de 50 episódios durante o período temporal sujeito a estudo. Em primeira instância iremos fazer um estudo descritivo da população. Seguidamente, procuraremos descrever como foi feita a abordagem dos doentes ao longo de toda a sua estadia no Serviço de Urgência e Internamento do hospital. Findado isto, procederemos a uma análise estatística cujo objetivo principal será estabelecer a relação entre as diferentes variáveis relacionadas com a clínica do doente, a intervenção terapêutica realizada e o desenvolvimento de disfunção erétil.Resultados: A média de duração do priapismo foi de 25±32,3 horas (lim: 3-168 horas). Constatamos que 54% dos casos correspondiam a priapismo isquémico e 46% a recorrente, notando-se a ausência da forma não-isquémica. As etiologias foram: iatrogénica (48%), anemia de células falciformes (28%) e idiopática (24%). Houve resolução espontânea em 12% dos episódios, enquanto os restantes foram intervencionados não-cirurgicamente, com uma eficácia de 51,2% e num tempo desde a chegada ao SU até à resolução de 2,3±1,9 horas (lim: 0-6 horas). Os que não reverteram foram sujeitos a cirurgia, registando-se a resolução da totalidade dos casos num tempo desde a chegada de 9,3±11,4 horas (lim: 1-48 horas). Foram internados 54% dos casos numa média de 4,8±3,6 dias (lim: 1-15) dias. Nas consultas de seguimento 53,8% descrevem disfunção eréctil. Verificamos que a necessidade de internamento era superior nos doentes com tempos totais mais longos e/ou que foram sujeitos a cirurgia e que o tempo de chegada ao SU estava relacionado com o desenvolvimento de disfunção eréctil.Conclusão: Nos casos observados concluímos que um tempo de chegada ao SU elevado é um factor de risco para o desenvolvimento de disfunção eréctil. Do mesmo modo, durações longas até à resolução e necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica são indicadores de maior possibilidade de internamento.
Background: Priapism is a rare pathology in the general population, but one of the most common emergencies in Urology. One of the most common long-term complications is the development of erectile disfunction. With this study we propose to analyze the reality experienced in CHUC between 2012 and 2018, having as main objective perceive how the clinical management of the patients was made and the resulting impact in the development of erectile disfunction.Methods: Cross-sectional study of all patients diagnosed with priapism in CHUC between 2012 and 2018, which involves a population of 32 patients with 50 episodes. Firstly, we will do a descriptive study of the population. Afterwards, we will describe how the clinical management of the patients was made in the Emergency Room and in the hospitalization. After that we will do a statistical analysis which main objective is to establishe a possible relation between the different variables of the patients’ clinical history, the medical intervention and the development of erectile disfunction. Results: The mean duration of priapism was 25±32,3 hours (lim: 3-168 hours). We verified that 54% of the cases were of ischemic priapism and 46% were stuttering priapism, noticing the absence of the non-ischemic variation. The etiologies were: iatrogenic (48%), sickle cell disease (28%) and idiopathic (24%). There was a spontaneous resolution in 12% of the episodes, while the remaining were non-surgically treated, with an efficacy of 51,2% and in a time period of 2,3±1,9 hours (lim: 0-6 hours) between the ER arrival and the resolution. The cases that didn’t improve were subjected to surgical procedures with treatment of all cases in 9,3±11,4 hours (lim: 1-48 hours) after the ER arrival. In 54% of the cases the patients needed to be hospitalized in a mean time period of 4,8±3,6 days (lim: 1-15 days). In the follow up, 53,8% developed erectile disfunction. We found that the necessity of hospitalization was higher on those whose time of arrival to the ER was longer and/or those who were subjected to surgical procedures. Furthermore, we verified that a higher time of arrival to the ER was related to the development of erectile disfunction.Conclusion: In the population studied we concluded that a higher time of arrival to the ER is a risk factor to the development of erectile disfunction. In the same way, longer periods until the resolution and subjection to surgical procedures are indicators of a higher possibility of hospitalization.