Relevant bibliographies by topics / Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Alla, Nemchenko, Nazarkina Vikotria, Mishchenko Viktoria, and Vinnik Elena. "Analysis of the Ukrainian market of parapharmaceuticals for prevention of keloid scars." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2(12) (April 30, 2018): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2018.128867.

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An analysis of the anti-keloid parapharmaceuticals (AKPF) market, for preventing the formation of keloid scar (KS) and providing the population with affordable drugs is an urgent issue at this time. Doctors have not yet identified the reasons for the formation of KS. The tendency to keloid formation was noted in such cases as: after surgical interventions, heredity, ethnic factors, immune pathologies, etc. <strong>Aim of the research</strong>&nbsp;was to analyze the Ukrainian market of parapharmaceuticals (PF), which are used to prevent the formation of keloids. <strong>Materials and methods.&
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Nargis, Nigar, Michal Stoklosa, Jeffrey Drope, et al. "Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys." Tobacco Control 28, Suppl 1 (2018): s20—s30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054035.

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BackgroundThe price of tobacco products in relation to the income of tobacco users—affordability—is recognised as a key determinant of tobacco use behaviour. The effectiveness of a price increase as a deterrent to tobacco use depends on how much price increases in relation to the income of the potential users. The aim of this paper is to examine the distribution of and trends in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh.MethodUsing four waves of International Tobacco Control Survey data on Bangladesh, this study measures affordability of tobacco products at the individual level as th
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Hu, Xiao, Yang Wang, Jidong Huang, and Rong Zheng. "Cigarette Affordability and Cigarette Consumption among Adult and Elderly Chinese Smokers: Evidence from A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (2019): 4832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234832.

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China is in the midst of an epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which has increasingly accounted for a growing share of disease burden, due in part to China’s ongoing rapid socioeconomic changes and population aging. Smoking, the second leading health risk factors associated with NCDs in China, disproportionately affects the old population more than their younger counterparts. Using survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study evaluated the impact of changes in cigarette affordability on smoking behavior among middle-aged and elderly (age 4
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Jiang, Guo Hui, Yan Long Xia, Dian Wu Wang, Sen Yan Jiang, and Xin Qiao Cai. "The Study of Analysis and Measurement of the Comprehensive Water Price through Interbasin Water Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.230.

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The price of water in China’s current water transfer projects is usually estimated based on the amount of project investment and the operation and management fees. However, it rarely considers the affordability of the users, unavoidably resulting in the estimates of the water’s price cannot be carried out effectively. For the purpose of estimating scientific and reasonable water supply price, AHP process of comprehensive water price assessment of water transfer projects is applied. The process not only considers meeting the supplier’s price of the project’s investment recovery and project’s no
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Tsachageas, Panagiotis Dimitrios. "GIS-Based Land Price Modelling for Housing Affordability Assessment: A Pilot Study in Volos, Greece." Critical Housing Analysis 12, no. 1 (2025): 12–24. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2025.12.1.583.

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Land costs play a pivotal role in housing affordability but are often misrepresented in urban research. This pilot study assesses land price shifts and their implications for housing affordability in Volos, Greece, through GIS-based interpolation. Price surfaces were modelled using 2022 land plot price data and geostatistically validated to be used as a baseline. Comparison with 2024 data reveals rising land prices in areas where land was previously affordable, highlighting a growing challenge to housing affordability. This study also shows that land costs can be effectively monitored using ge
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Delipalla, Sophia, Fatimah El-Awa, Asmus Hammerich, Anne-Marie Perucic, and Sophia El-Gohary. "Impact of taxation on tobacco products prices in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 30, no. 11 (2024): 738–45. https://doi.org/10.26719/2024.30.11.738.

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Background: In 2016, the 6 Gulf Cooperation Council countries agreed to implement a harmonized excise tax on tobacco products, at a rate of 100% of the pre-tax price. Aim: To assess the implementation of tobacco taxation in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates and its impact on consumer prices, affordability and substitution possibilities. Methods: This study conducted simple descriptive analysis of open-source secondary data reported to WHO by Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates on cigarette excise taxes, price levels, price dispersion, and affordability. Results: The 3 c
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Owusu-Manu, DeGraft, David John Edwards, Erika Anneli Pärn, Richard Ohene Asiedu, and Alex Aboagye. "Determinants of mortgage price affordability: a study of Ghana." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 4 (2018): 734–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2017-0094.

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Purpose While mortgage markets have gradually emerged in many African countries, substantial barriers still hinder their growth and expansion. Affordability has been widely cited as a prominent issue that doggedly remains at the core of urban housing problems. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the determinants of mortgage price affordability. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires obtained from a sample drawn from three major West African mortgage financing institutions. Respondents rated the variables using a five-point Likert item rating. The
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Yulianis, Nita, Farit Mochamad Afendi, Achmad Suryana, et al. "Penyempurnaan indikator keterjangkauan pada sistem peringatan dini kerawanan pangan dan gizi." Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 22, no. 2 (2025): 169–82. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v22i2.169-182.

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The Early Warning System for Food and Nutrition Vulnerability (SKPG) is an important measuring tool for identifying potential food insecurity. However, the current SKPG method shows that the food affordability indicator is less sensitive in capturing changes and does not sharply predict the potential consequences of price changes. This study aims to develop a method for calculating the affordability indicator using price data for six primary food commodities and evaluating alternative scenarios for calculating the price index. The scenarios tested include comparing the current month's price wi
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MUSADDAD, HAFIRDA, Selamah Maamor, and Zairy Zainol. "AFFORDABILITY OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN NORTHERN REGION OF MALAYSIA." Malaysian Management Journal 27 (July 27, 2023): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/mmj2023.27.8.

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The problem of housing affordability has emerged as a significant concern in urban centers, particularly in emerging countries. Whileeach country defines affordability differently, housing affordability refers to the capacity to possess a residential property or dwellingthat satisfies fundamental living requirements in relation to its price, standard, and whereabouts. However, the majority of generallycomprised of individuals and families with lower to moderate incomes, residing in various urban areas across Malaysia find itdifficult to purchase a home. The aim of this research is to evaluate
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Dauda, Saliman. "Access to Land: Effects on Housing Affordability in Abuja, Nigeria." International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management 12, no. 1 (2024): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol12n11940.

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The study attempted examination of the effects of access to land on housing affordability in Abuja, Nigeria. Sample population for the study was made up of 5,502 houses selected by purposive sampling techniques in the Six Area Councils in Abuja. The research adopted the 30% Bench Mark using Simple Housing Cost to Income Ratio, for measuring housing affordability status of residents. The 30% Benchmark is widely acceptable due to its simplicity, reliability, time and its effectiveness across markets. (Christopher et al;(2018), Desmond. M (2016). Hulchanski J.D(1995), Joint Center for Housing Stu
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Salisbury, Karli A. "Examining Market Channels for Local Produce: Consumer Affordability and Producer Profitability." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7408.

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This study examines the price differences of commonly consumed produce between farmers’ markets and grocery stores in Utah. Our first objective is to compare price differences of a basket of produce between farmers’ markets and grocery stores. We compare these price differences in terms of low-income consumer affordability and if an individual can afford a market basket of produce using a combination of Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) dollars and Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) incentive dollars. Our second objective for this study is to establish the price premiums of individual produce
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Yao, L. "House price appreciation and housing policy : a study of housing affordability and tenure choice in China." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2018. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/34657/.

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The last decade has been witnessed by the rapid development of the Chinese housing system, and this is both a significant element, and a crucial indicator of the entire Chinese economic system. Over the past decades, housing privatisation and commercialisation have transformed the Chinese allocative housing system into a dynamic market-based system. This has accelerated the demand for housing alongside the urbanisation, which has translated into continuous house price appreciation. Consequently, this has led to an aggravation of housing affordability issues, leading to an increasing number of
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Steward, Thomas William. "Governance for affordable energy : what is the impact of demand-side governance on affordability of energy for domestic consumers in Great Britain?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29915.

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Affordability of energy in the domestic sector is the product of three interrelated factors - level of household income, level of energy bills (which are a product of prices and levels of energy demand, mediated by tariffs and the retail market), and the amount of energy that a household needs to maintain a healthy living environment. This thesis focusses on the factors of affordability which are most relevant to the energy policy which are energy bills and energy efficiency, both of which are considered in the context of household income. Affordability of energy in Great Britain is important
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Milward, de Azevedo Meiners Constance Marie. "Pharmaceutical technology incorporation and affordability of HIV/AIDS treatment in developing countries : an analysis of the Brazilian response." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1100.

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En 2010, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a publié de nouvelles recommandations pour le traitement contre le Vih/Sida dans le but d'améliorer la qualité des thérapies antirétrovirales (TARV) distribuées dans les pays en voie de développement (PED). Cependant, les coûts de plus en plus importants liés à l'incorporation des antirétroviraux (ARV) de nouvelle génération, associés à l'intensification de la protection des droits de la propriété intellectuelle (DPI), accentuent le déséquilibre entre les priorités d'expansion de la couverture des patients et les objectifs d'amélioration des t
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Books on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Peter, Vass, Main Gail, and Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries., eds. Access rights and affordability: The social agenda for regulation of utilitiescharging policy : based on papers presented at an Academic Forum in London on 11 January 1995. Centre for the Study of Regulated Industries., 1996.

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The economics of higher education: Affordability and access : costing, price and accountability. The Oxford Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies, 2004.

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Implications for housing affordability of house price inflation in owner occupation during 1997: Briefing paper submitted to Department of Environment and Local Government upon request from Mr. Robert Molloy, Minister for Housing and Urban Renewal, December 1997. Threshold, 1997.

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Boute, Anatole, and Sergey Seliverstov. A Tortuous Path to Efficiency and Innovation in Heat Supply. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0012.

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Early innovators in CHP-DH, the Soviet Union opted for the large-scale deployment of CHP-DH to ensure the centralized supply of heat and electricity, while in most countries’ heat production and supply was developed based on individual boilers. Currently, Russian heat production installations have low energy efficiency. CHP-DH penetration rate has been decreasing as consumers have started to switch to individual boilers. This ‘chaotic boilerization’ trend threatens to nullify the innovation gains achieved by Russia. To attract investments in the modernization of the CHP-DH infrastructure, Russ
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Blumenstyk, Goldie. American Higher Education in Crisis? Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199374090.001.0001.

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American higher education is at a crossroads. Technological innovations and disruptive market forces are buffeting colleges and universities at the very time their financial structure grows increasingly fragile. Disinvestment by states has driven up tuition prices at public colleges, and student debt has reached a startling record-high of one trillion dollars. Cost-minded students and their families--and the public at large--are questioning the worth of a college education, even as study after study shows how important it is to economic and social mobility. And as elite institutions trim finan
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Book chapters on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Hollis, Nigel. "Affordability at a Price Point." In Brand Premium. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51038-9_13.

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Hollis, Nigel. "Affordability at a Price Point." In The Meaningful Brand. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-36559-0_13.

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Malhotra, Prabodh. "Price Controls and Drug Affordability in India: Policy Options." In Impact of TRIPS in India. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230290747_6.

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Liu, Xiangrui, Maolin Zhang, and Weiheng Li. "Analysis of Electricity Price Affordability of Large Industry Consumers in Yunnan Electricity Market." In Proceedings of PURPLE MOUNTAIN FORUM 2019-International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9779-0_78.

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do Nascimento, Isaac Monteiro, and Eduardo Pessoa de Queiroz. "The Linear Regression Model for Estimate the Price in Crossing Transport Services: Methodology and Application." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_126.

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AbstractThe Brazilian’s urbanization process, allied to the expansion of the economic frontier, which have occurred concomitantly in the last five decades, are responsible for the increase in the number urban settlements and for the increase in the country’s arable area. However, in many cases, transport infrastructure did not keep pace with the process of territorial occupation. In this sense, many highways were provided without the proper instruments for transposing watercourses and many crossing shipping companies emerged. Nowadays, there are ninety federal crossing lines in operation. One
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Abou-el-Enein, Mohamed, and Jordan Gauthier. "The Value of CAR-T-cell Immunotherapy in Cancer." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_46.

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AbstractThe development of genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells to target cancer by conferring tumour antigen recognition has tremendously improved the fight against the disease and broadened treatment options for haematological malignancies (Elsallab et al. 2020b). However, in contrast to conventional drugs that patients can easily access, the implementation of CAR-T-cell therapy in routine clinical practice poses significant challenges. Access to CAR-T-cell products is currently limited to specific certified centres meeting the requirements set up by manufacturers and
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Bardazzi, Rossella, and Maria Grazia Pazienza. "Demographic Shifts, Household Energy Needs and Vulnerability." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_3.

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AbstractStructural changes in the population are bound to be intertwined with the energy transition in determining the evolution of household energy consumption. Most countries are characterized by shrinking total population, very fast ageing and smaller family size. These demographic shifts could enlarge the group of vulnerable individuals who are suffering for energy poverty. Being a single parent or living alone, having an increasing number of elderly or individuals with specific needs related to illness and disability in the family, significantly increases the chances of facing energy pove
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Schoonveld, Ed. "The age of value and affordability." In The Price of Global Health. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429320712-2.

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Meen, Geoffrey, and Christine Whitehead. "Is Housing Really Unaffordable?" In Understanding Affordability. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529211863.003.0002.

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Most UK households do not face affordability difficulties; those most affected are typically low-income renters and aspiring first-time buyers. However, popularly-used affordability indicators look at the average household position across the country, rather than the distribution across households. Therefore, Chapter 2 discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different affordability measures, including the popular price to earnings or income ratios, the share of expenditure taken by housing and residual income methods. The chapter is critical of these measures and, therefore, proposes two new
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Meen, Geoffrey, and Christine Whitehead. "What Factors Determine Changes in House Prices and Rents?" In Understanding Affordability. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529211863.003.0003.

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Whatever measure of affordability is used house prices and rents play a central role and Chapter 3 is concerned with what causes these two variables to change over time and vary across different parts of the country. Although increases in house prices have been particularly strong in the UK by international standards, other countries are also discussed. In fact, house price trends and volatility can be explained by a fairly small number of variables – and their influence has been remarkably consistent over the last fifty years. The problem has been rather that house prices are very sensitive t
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Conference papers on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Zhang, Chengsheng, Di Ruan, Hongyang Lin, and Shiming Zhang. "The Measurement System of Electricity Price Affordability for Industrial Users in the Electricity Market." In 2024 6th International Conference on Power and Energy Technology (ICPET). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpet62369.2024.10940091.

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Mihaleva, Hristina, Zahari Dechev, Svetla Atanasova, and Teodora Todorova. "SELECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHANGES IN THE PRICES OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS OFFERED ON THE BULGARIAN MARKET." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/gs04.39.

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{With the growing popularity of sustainable products and the expected increase in organic farming and supply of organic food products as part of the goals of The European Green Deal, it’s important to evaluate the popularity and demand for such products in Bulgaria. Understanding the consumer perspective on the affordability of organic products is important, as it directly influences purchasing intentions and can help predict the growth of the organic market. This study investigates consumer attitudes and perceptions regarding the pricing of organic products in the Bulgarian market via statist
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Schrage, Daniel, Kaydon Stanzione, and Apinut Sirirojvisuth. "Assessing the Impact of Hybrid Distributed Electric Propulsion On VTOL Aircraft Design and System Effectiveness." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12675.

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Current VTOL aircraft design processes require significant changes in computational methodologies resulting from innovations in distributed hybrid and electric propulsion technology. Electric VTOL (eVTOL) aircraft design offers radically different configurations by eliminating limitations in weight, size and location of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) and associated fuel systems. Hybrid Distributed Electric Propulsion (HDEP) solutions, to include eVTOL, allow designers to incorporate a greater number of smaller, lightweight propulsors throughout the airframe structure as necessary to meet co
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Rui, Xutao, and Lianyong Feng. "The Affordability of Natural Gas Price in China: A Literature Review." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-18.2018.9.

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Nkote, Isaac, Augustine Matovu, Racheael Mirembe, and Nabirye Immaculate. "The effect of housing price on housing affordability in Kampala,Uganda." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2016_166.

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Fajana, Oluwaseun. "House Price Inflation: Consequences and solutions for housing affordability and wealth inequality." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2018_202.

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"The Differences in Price and Affordability of housing among the Regions of Russia." In 4th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1997. ERES, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1997_157.

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Fanta, Michael, Radek Soběhart, and Aleš Rod. "PRICE OF ALCOHOL IN EU MEMBER STATES – AFFORDABILITY OF ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS AND ROLE OF EXCISE DUTIES." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.93.

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This research paper focuses on alcoholic beverages and their price affordability between 2000-2016 in the member states of the European Union. Based on the data from OECD, WHO, Eurostat, and the European Commission, the paper primarily discusses development of prices and consumption of alcoholic products, level of excise duties, and the development of average wages. Overall alcohol consumption has decreased in most EU member states over the past two decades, even though price affordability has increased due to relatively dynamic development of average wages. As consumption of alcohol products
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Atmadja, Felicia, and Dushko Bogunovich. "Shaping compact cities for liveability, affordability and sustainability." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/gbmg2410.

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Rapid urban population and territorial growth is becoming a general trend across the world, driving planning policies to promote a more compact city. As an alternative to sprawling patterns of urban development, the compact city emerges as a spatial form characterized by three key elements: densification, connectivity and accessibility. All three are articulated by transit-oriented development (TOD) strategies in today’s urban context. TOD aims to encourage densification, mixed land uses, walkability and public transportation, as well as vertical housing typologies. There are now many examples
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White, Michael, Liming Yao, and Alla Koblyakova. "House price appreciation and housing affordability: a study of younger households tenure choice in China." In 22nd Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2015_44.

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Reports on the topic "Price affordability of parapharmaceuticals"

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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibili
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Briones, Roehlano, Howarth Bouis, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Isabel Espineli, and Ma Lynell Maniego. Will Food Be Affordable to Filipinos by 2030? Alternative Expenditure Policies toward Ending Hunger by 2030. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.23.

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The current inflationary period has placed the spotlight on hunger and food insecurity, as the current Philippine Development Plan has strongly emphasized the attainment of food affordability for all Filipinos. This study offers a scenario analysis using computable general equilibrium modeling of household purchasing power and affordability of a diet with sufficient energy, protein, and Vitamin A. Scenarios posited are as follows: Reference scenario, which projects forward from recent past trends; the Subsidy scenario, based on producer support; and Productivity scenario, which is a long-term
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Maru, Digafe, Wanjiku Kiarie, and Edel Koki. The effect of discount pricing on consumer fruit purchase decisions: insights from randomized controlled trials in Ethiopia. Busara, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62372/fadc9205.

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This study looked at how price discounts affected consumer purchasing decisions, aiming to understand the role that affordability plays in promoting the consumption of healthier foods. Although there are many studies on the effect of discounting prices on purchase of foods there is limited focus on purchase of healthy foods in developing markets capable of establishing causal inferences. Given the problems of limited nutritional diversity and high rates of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries- LMICs ( Dukhi, 2020), this research offers insight that could inform policies and interve
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Finnsson, Páll Tómas. Housing markets and housing policy in the Nordics. Nordregio, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2021:1.1403-2511.

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The Nordic Economic Policy Review (NEPR) is an annual publication presenting some of the latest and cutting-edge research into selected topics of economic policy. This year’s edition dives into the Nordic housing markets, examining some of the key policy mechanisms behind the rapidly rising housing prices, as well as the impacts on social welfare and social and ethnic segregation. The theme is selected by the NEPR steering group, which consists of representatives from the Nordic Ministries of Finance, Nordregio, and the NEPR editor. This publication provides a short summary of the five NEPR 20
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Francisco, Kris. Lifeline Rate and Senior Citizen Discount on Electricity: Who Pays and Who Benefits? (Socialized Pricing Mechanisms in the Philippine Electric Power Industry). Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.47.

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Socialized pricing mechanisms are common in utility services like electricity because these services are critical for daily activities and are therefore considered vital for economic growth. The aim of such mechanisms is to redistribute financial resources from well-off to marginalized consumers. This approach is seen as a way to improve the availability and affordability of essential services, thus enhancing overall social welfare. However, while the rationale for socialized pricing mechanisms is widely accepted, discussions related to funding have induced much debate. Some studies have found
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