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1
Wang, Xi. "Finite Differences Based on Radial Basis Functions to Price Options." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243518.
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Andino, Alexandra Elizabeth. "Price Risk Management Strategies for Virginia Dairy Producers." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37159.
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The 1996 and 2002 Farm Bill changes in milk support price legislation
deregulated the market and milk prices are more volatile than ever. The use of a
mechanism to reduce farmers' exposure to volatile milk prices has therefore become
essential. This study evaluates the impact of two hedging strategies, one conservative and
the other an intermediate one (more sophisticated). Optimal parameters for the two
strategies are searched over a period of 5 years. Then, the performance, in terms of
increased profitability and reduced variation, is assessed and the best performer is chosen
and applied to an out-of-sample dataset.
With the in-sample data, both strategies generate higher mean monthly profits than
with the no-hedging option. Comparison of both strategies indicates that the intermediate
strategy outperforms the conservative one in terms of higher profitability and lower
variance. Out-of-sample results confirm the findings of the in-sample results. The
additional profits and the reduction in volatility can make the difference between keeping
a farm profitable and bankruptcy.Master of Science
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Gao, Zhiyuan, and Likai Qi. "Predicting Stock Price Index." Thesis, Halmstad University, Applied Mathematics and Physics (CAMP), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3784.
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This study is based on three models, Markov model, Hidden Markov model and the Radial basis function neural network. A number of work has been done before about application of these three models to the stock market. Though, individual researchers have developed their own techniques to design and test the Radial basis function neural network. This paper aims to show the different ways and precision of applying these three models to predict price processes of the stock market. By comparing the same group of data, authors get different results. Based on Markov model, authors find a tendency of stock market in future and, the Hidden Markov model behaves better in the financial market. When the fluctuation of the stock price index is not drastic, the Radial basis function neural network has a nice prediction.
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Harris, Chad. "Transportation and Quality Adjusted Basis: Does the Law of One Price Hold for Feeder Cattle." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/83.
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Beef cattle and calves are raised in all areas of the United States. Since beef cattle are scattered throughout the US, there are many different types of cattle with numerous different quality characteristics which are valued differently. Many calves raised until weaning age across the US are then sent to cattle feeding areas primarily located in Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and Nebraska. The prices that are offered for beef calves vary considerably based on quality and location. The theory of the law of one price suggests that prices in areas that trade should not differ by more than the cost of transportation. Implicit in the law of one price is that the product is homogenous in nature which is not the case with beef cattle. To test the law of one price, prices in the feeder cattle markets that trade should be equal after those prices have been adjusted for the cost of transportation and for differences in quality. Consequently, the objective of this thesis is to adjust prices for transportation costs and quality characteristics to determine if the law of one price holds in the US feeder cattle market.
Data for this dissertation were obtained from Superior Livestock Auction in Brush, Colorado. The original data set included over 30,000 cattle lots sold throughout the entire US from 2004-2006 which includes valuable information such as price, breed, sex, number of head, days to delivery, location of sale, and destination of sale for each cattle lot. However, the data were narrowed to examine price and quality for weaned steer and heifer calves in the fall. This narrowed data set still contained 9,570 cattle lots which includes, specifically, steer and heifer calves, weighing between 450-700 pounds, and delivered in October and November.
In order to determine if the law of one price holds for feeder cattle, first, a Hedonic regression analysis was used to determine the value of selected cattle, lot, and market characteristics. Second, the cost of transportation was calculated by figuring freight rates and animal shrinkage. Prices were then adjusted for freight rates and shrinkage values and for quality differences to determine if prices were equivalent across regions of the US and across states within a specific region of the US.
Results from the Hedonic model showed that most cattle characteristics yielded expected results, and that there are differences in quality characteristics in cattle which affect the price. Further results revealed that the transportation adjusted prices varied by more than transportation costs, and that when adjusted for transportation costs, price were not the same across regions of the country. In combining quality characteristics and transportation costs, results also revealed that prices were different by region and by states within a region. Thus, based on the results from the data, it does not appear that the law of one price is upheld in the US feeder cattle market.
The implications of the results are that there may be opportunities for arbitrage in feeder cattle markets. The results also indicate that cattle producers who are more distant from major cattle feeding areas receive prices for their calves that are higher than would be justified based on transportation costs and that producers who are closer to major cattle feeding areas receive prices for their calves that are less than should be expected based on transportation costs.
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Routt, Nathaniel J. "BASIS VARIABILITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEDGING EFFICIENCY FOR KENTUCKY FEEDER CATTLE." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/177.
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Kentucky plays a vital role in the beef supply chain. The cow/calf producers,back-grounding operations, and order buying industry are important parts of Kentucky'sagricultural economy. Basis risk is an issue that affects these groups in a negative way. Agood estimate of the expected basis must be available to make hedging efficient.Simulations were performed on Kentucky price data to determine the effectiveness ofshort hedging for Kentucky producers. A model was also used to describe some of thefactors that determine basis levels. The research revealed that it is difficult to predictbasis within an acceptable range to make short hedging with futures efficient. Eventhough short hedging reduced variability in net price, it was difficult to lock in a profit.Various options and spread strategies were presented as alternative hedging tools thatwould protect cattle producers from unexpected price declines.
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Botkin, Clayton Jay. "Explaining Virginia slaughter cattle basis: an empirical examination of the elements affecting cash price in local Virginia markets." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45199.
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This research quantifies specific cash price premiums and discounts associated with various characteristics of slaughter cattle in Virginia. Econometric models of Virginia slaughter cattle basis were developed for each practical combination of sex and market by differentials in weight, grade, breed, lot size, order of sale of a particular lot, number of cattle in a particular sale, and a seasonal indicator based on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) live cattle futures contract month.
Explanatory models were found to account for 41 to 64 percent of the variation in slaughter cattle basis for steers and 35 to 47 percent of the variation in slaughter cattle basis for heifers. Results explain over 30 percent more of basis variation than previous research. These basis estimates reduce basis error and hedging risk and potentially offer Virginia cattlemen the means to initiate effective slaughter cattle hedging programs. Furthermore, the implementation of a forward pricing agency which uses estimated basis values may provide alternatives to facing basis risk when selling slaughter cattle in Virginia.
An analysis of basis risk provides some indication of the magnitude of possible exposure facing the average Virginia cattleman when making hedging decisions based on estimation procedures as defined herein. The formation of a forward pricing agency should be contingent upon further analyses of basis risk as outlined in this research.
Investigation of basis estimate residuals concluded that more variability is present as time to contract maturity increases. This information should prove valuable for those involved in trading options on live cattle futures as options expire one month prior to their respective futures contracts.Master of Science
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Wray, Vicki Lorraine. "Cattle price risk management strategies-using computer simulation to educate Iowa producers of available tools." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/759.
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Motladiile, Bopelokgale. "Relationship between share index volatility, basis and open interest in futures contracts : the South African experience." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53572.
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Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a rational efficiently functioning market, the price of the share index and share index futures contracts should be perfectly contemporaneously correlated. According to the cost of carry model, the futures price should equal its fair value at maturity. The basis should be equal to the cost of carry throughout the duration of the futures contract. However, in practice the cost of carry model is obscured and the basis varies and is normally not equal to the cost of carry. Reasons for this variability in basis include the mark-to-market requirement of the futures contract, the differential tax treatment of spot and futures contracts, as well as the transaction cost of entering into a contract. Transaction costs are lower for futures contracts than for spot contracts. This study uses the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (1995) model to examine the relationship between the basis and volatility of the underlying index and between the open interest of the futures contract and the volatility of the underlying index. Chen et al. (1995) predicted that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index and that the open interest is positively related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study will also test the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the basis has a negative concave relationship with the level of interest rate. The tests were performed on data from ALSI, FINI and INDI futures contracts. The sample period was from January 1998 to December 2001. The results correspond to those obtained by Chen et al. (1995) in that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index. This is true for all the three indices. The other main prediction of the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (CCH) model (1995), which is also supported by the study, is that open interest is significantly related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study also supports the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the there is a highly significant negative concave relationship between the basis and interest rate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In "n mark wat rasioneel funksioneer, behoort die prys van die aandele-indeks en aandele-indekstermynkontrakte perfek gekorreleer te wees in tyd. Volgens die drakostemodel behoort die termynkontrakprys op die vervaldatum gelyk te wees aan die billike waarde daarvan. Die basis behoort vir die looptyd van die termynkontrak gelyk te wees aan die drakoste. In die praktyk word die drakostemodel egter vertroebel en wissel die basis en is dit gewoonlik nie gelyk aan die drakoste nie. Redes vir hierdie veranderlikheid van die basis sluit in die waardasie teenoor markprys van die termynkontrak, die belasting van toepassing op loko- en termynkontrakte, asook die transaksiekoste by die aangaan van "n kontrak. transaksiekoste vir termynkontrakte is laer as vir lokokontrakte. Hierdie studie gebruik die model van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) om die verwantskap tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en tussen die oop kontrakte van die termynkontrak en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks te ondersoek. Chen et al. (1995) voer aan dat daar 'n negatiewe verwantskap is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en dat daar "n positiewe verwantskap is tussen die oop rente en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Die studie toets ook Helmer en Longstaff (1991) se hipotese dat daar 'n negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoersvlak bestaan. Die toetse is uitgevoer op data van ALSI-, FINI- EN INDItermynkontrakte. Die steekproef was van Januarie 1998 tot Desember 2001. Die resultate stem ooreen met dié van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) se model (CCH-model) in dié opsig dat daar "n negatiewe verband is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Dit geld vir al drie die indekse. Die ander hoofresultate van Chen et al. (1995), wat ook deur die studie ondersteun word, is dat daar "n beduidende verband tussen die oop kontrakte en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks bestaan. Die studie ondersteun ook Helmer en Longstaff(1991) se siening dat daar 'n beduidende, negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoers bestaan.
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Křenová, Vladimira. "Návrh postupu kalkulace agregované ceny stavební konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225472.
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The thesis is focused on creating of aggregated items and pricing appreciation of the group works. This thesis deals with in its early life cycle of building works and defines at what stage it is advisable to use the aggregate cost. The following part is aimed at budget in the aggregated prices and creating aggregated prices. In practical part there is methodology designed to compile aggregate price of building construction. The aim of methodology is to propose evaluation process of coherent construction work groups. The proposed methodology will be used to value case study of family house.
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Tegze, Ondřej. "Vytvoření cenových podkladů pro stanovení tržního nájemného v bytech pro lokalitu Brno - Žabovřesky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232534.
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The aim of my diploma thesis is to prepare documents for price calculation and determination of the common rent in the suburb of Brno - Žabovřesky. In this work, I used information from executed leases Realtors Matras&Matras & Real Estate Ltd. and Dvorak. Analysis of factors affecting price formation I have devoted the factors that I considered at that locality as valid for determining the price and verifying their influence on rental prices. I added my own factor into the monitored critical factors. This factor is noise. As the analysis results showed it was a major factor that significantly affects the final price of the lease. His inclusion among the decisive factors was correct. By setting standards and calculation of coefficients, I obtain results that helped determine the normal cost of rent and contributed to the view of the importance of determining the level of the individual factors to calculate the final rental price. Data collection, analysis and examination of the relationships between the key factors, I see as a guide for calculating the normal price, which will be used by districts and the real estate market.
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Tao, Juan. "A re-examination of the relationship between FTSE100 index and futures prices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8071.
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This thesis examines the validity of the cost of carry model for pricing FTSE100 futures contracts and the relationship between FTSE100 spot and futures markets during two sub-periods characterised by different market trading systems employed by the LSE and LIFFE. The empirical work is carried out using three approaches to econometric modeling: a basic VECM for spot and futures prices, a VECM extended with a DCCTGARCH framework to account for the conditional variance-covariance structure for spot and futures prices and a threshold VECM to capture regime-dependent spot-futures price dynamics. Overall, both the basic VECM and the DCC-TGARCH analysis suggest that there are deviations from the cost of carry relationship in the first sub-sample when transactions costs in both markets are relatively high but that the cost of carry relationship tends to be valid in the second sub-sample when transactions costs are lower. This is further confirmed by the evidence of higher conditional correlations between the two markets in the second sub-sample as compared with the first, using the DCC-TGARCH analysis. This implies that the no-arbitrage cost of carry relationship between spot and futures markets is more effectively maintained by index arbitrageurs in the second period when market conditions are closer to perfect market assumptions, and hence the cost of carry model could be more reasonably used as a benchmark for pricing stock index futures. The threshold VECM analysis depicts regime-dependent price dynamics between FTSE100 spot and futures markets and leads to some interesting and important findings: arbitrage may not be practicable under some market conditions, either because it is difficult to find counterparties for the arbitrage transactions, or because there is significant risk associated with arbitrage; as a result, the cost of carry model may not always be suitable for pricing stock index futures. Furthermore, the threshold values yielded from estimating the threshold VECM reflect the average transaction costs for most arbitrageurs that are more reliable and fair than subjective estimations.
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Pommer, Paul. "A look at elevator charateristics and basis values." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16980.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Mykel Taylor
The agricultural commodity market has been experiencing previously unseen high prices in recent years. This new era of prices brings with it new challenges within agriculture for farmers and grain buyers within agriculture. This research explores the basis values of hard red winter wheat in Kansas and the elevator characteristics that provide a competitive advantage for elevators buying wheat in Kansas. This research explores hard red winter wheat basis values from elevators located around Kansas from 2002 to 2013. Two hundred twenty eight locations from around Kansas were used in the research. These locations provided the price data that was used for this research. The elevator characteristics used in the research were collected from the Kansas Grain and Feed Directory and the Burlington Northern-Santa Fe and Union Pacific railway companies. Five elevator characteristics were researched that may have a significant impact on an elevators basis. These characteristics are thought to provide a competitive advantage to the location in the form of stronger or narrower basis bids to the farmer, giving the farmer a higher price for his grain. The characteristics researched included elevator capacity, transportation capabilities, elevator terminal status, shuttle loading status, and cooperative or investor-owned business structure. Each characteristic was compared against their counterpart. For example, a location is either a shuttle loader or it is not. The research provides grain companies and farmers some data that they may find useful in marketing grain and setting basis levels in the ever changing and volatile market place in today’s grain industry.
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Marshall, Dana. "Basis trends in North Carolina and their effect on corn prices." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35399.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
Livestock production is a crucial industry in North Carolina. Broilers, turkeys, and hogs all have tremendous amounts of production numbers that are steadily growing particularly on the broiler side. This thesis seeks to explore the trends in three basis indicators and explore their effects on corn prices in North Carolina. Given the significant role corn plays in livestock production in the state and the deficit situation it finds itself in with respect to corn, these analyses may illuminate some challenges that may adversely affect the long term competitiveness of the poultry industry in the state. Already, hog and turkey production seems to be migrating out of the state possibly due to feed costs. The importance of this study is to help identify innovative solutions to arrest the increasing adverse effects of feed costs on North Carolina’s livestock industry. Using statistical analyses and data on corn prices and three basis indicators, CSX-90, Norfolk-Southern 75, and Truck Only, we show that while corn prices, on average, have declined slightly over the past several years, the transportation costs associated with moving corn into North Carolina have increased for all three options evaluated. The average growth rate in CSX 90 was approximately 7.4% per annum compared to 7.7% for NS-75 and 12.4% for truck only. Thus, while average annual trucking costs were lower than the rail transportation by between 82% and 92%, it was growing at more than 50% the growth rate in rail prices. Interestingly, we observe that the difference between the paired basis were all statistically significant at the 1% level. For this example the difference between the monthly average CSX 90 and trucking only was about $0.29, with a t-statistic of 17.34 and a p-value of 0.00. Similarly, the difference between the monthly average CSX-90 and NS-75 was $-.04, with a t-statistic of 3.35 and a p-value of 0.00. The foregoing reveal the advantage of sourcing corn via trucking given its lower basis. However, the higher variability in trucking compared to rail and the rapid growth rate in trucking suggests that an innovative strategic approach be adopted to overcome its potential long-term effect on corn prices. We show that a careful assessment of what the livestock industry in North Carolina is currently doing and what it needs to do could shed light on how to deal with this situation. Fixed assets like feed mills, production facilities, and slaughter facilities determine the type of access to outside rail or access to local markets. These assets are unlikely to change and therefore it is important to build an efficient supply chain to decrease marginal costs.
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Draghi-Lorenz, Riccardo. "Young infants are capable of 'non-basic' emotions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369421.
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According to most developmental psychologists 'non-basic' emotions such as jealousy, pride, empathic concern and guilt do not emerge before the second year of life, despite limited evidence for this proposition. Critical examination of the major theories of emotional development reveals (i) that this belief stems from the assumption that young infants are incapable of interpersonal awareness, and (ii) that this incapacity is invariably explained in terms of lack of representational skills. Three studies are presented investigating the possibility that, in fact, young infants are capable of these emotions. The first is a study of 37 adults' perceptions of an expression resembling adult expressions of shyness and embarrassment which is displayed in infants as young as two or three months during positive interactions (Reddy, 2000). The second is an experimental study of jealousy of the mother's loving attention in 24 five-months old infants. The third is a longitudinal study of 6 infants through their first year of life employing a bottom-up methodology to explore a wide range of 'non-basic' emotions, their developmental course, and the determinants of this course. On the whole, results from these studies suggest that: (i) infants are indeed capable of a large number and possibly all 'non-basic' emotion, (ii) the age of first emergence and the frequency of later occurrence of these emotions can vary widely across infants, and (iii) their development is context-related rather than age-related. These results are explained by calling upon relational approaches that do not set a cut-off age for the emergence of early interpersonal awareness.
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Barton, Brian Edwin. "Sir Basil Brooke, the making of a Prime Minister." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357445.
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Ferreira, Luan Alberto. "Bases aditivas de um ponto de vista topológico e prime gaps de um ponto de vista algébrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-06102016-111913/.
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Esta tese objetiva apresentar duas abordagens inovadoras acerca de dois assuntos clássicos da teoria dos números: bases aditivas e prime gaps. O primeiro tópico é estudado de um ponto de vista topológico, com o intuito de oferecer uma visão abrangente e resultados gerais sobre o conjunto de todas as bases aditivas, não versando sobre uma base aditiva específica, como é de costume. Por meio da introdução de uma métrica, são apresentadas várias ferramentas topológicas que permitem tratar problemas de difícil ataque direto sobre bases aditivas por meio de argumentos indiretos sobre bases melhor comportadas e suficientemente próximas das originalmente consideradas. Já a contribuição sobre prime gaps é realizada utilizando ferramentas algébricas, no lugar das analíticas, como habitual. Por meio de técnicas oriundas tanto da teoria de Galois quanto da teoria algébrica dos números, é apresentado um estudo da conjectura de Firoozbakht, juntamente com algumas de suas consequências, caso ela venha a ser provadaThis thesis aims to present two innovative approaches about two classical subjects on number theory: additive bases and prime gaps. The first topic is studied from a topological point of view, in order to offer a comprehensive treatment and general results on the set of all additive bases, not dealing with one specific additive basis, as usual. By the introduction of a metric, it\'s presented a variety of topological tools that allows to treat problems of difficult direct attack on additive bases through indirect arguments on bases better behaved and sufficiently close to the originally considered. The contribution on the prime gaps subject is performed by the use of algebraic tools instead of analytical methods, as usual. Utilizing techniques from Galois theory and algebraic number theory, it\'s presented a study of the Firoozbakht\'s conjecture, along with some of its consequences if the conjecture is proved
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Drochytka, Jan. "Vliv specifické lokality na cenu rezidenčního objektu na Brněnsku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413826.
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Portinho, Júnior José. "Fuel ethanol price drivers in the Atlantic basin: Brazil & the U.S. traders perspectives." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8270.
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Because the opportunity for exporting ethanol fuel is very new, agribusiness needs literature for training managers and strategists. This paper aims to describe the mechanism of price formation of ethanol in Brazil and the United States of America. I have divided the mechanism into smaller pieces and evaluated each of the variables that impact the pricing, cost of production of ethanol from cane sugar, cost of logistics and dehydration on the Caribbean cost of corn ethanol and did some analysis of scenarios of pricing of key variables and could organize this knowledge into a graph that contains in upper axis the price hydrous ethanol FOB mill in Brazil and in the bottom axis the price of corn in Chicago whose crossing straight in the dollar rate and the price of natural gas, supply in the Y axis the price of the anhydrous ethanol in New York harbor, enabling an easy view of the possibilities of the export window. The methodology allows you to assume different scenarios of supply, demand and prices and then build alternative trade strategies.
Como a oportunidade de exportação de etanol combustível é muito recente, o agronegócio carece de literatura para formação de gestores e estrategistas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o mecanismo de formação de preços de etanol tanto no Brasil como nos Estados Unidos da America. Decupei as variáveis que impactam na formação de preços, custo de produção de etanol de cana-de-açúcar, custo da logística e desidratação no Caribe, custo do etanol de milho e fiz algumas análises de cenários de formação de preços das principais variáveis e consegui organizar este conhecimento em um gráfico que contém no eixo superior preço do etanol hidratado na usina no Brasil e no eixo inferior o preço do bushel de milho em Chicago cujas interceções nas retas da taxa do dólar e do preço do gás natural, fornecem no eixo Y o preço do produto no porto de Nova York, ficando uma visualização simples das possibilidades da janela de exportação. A metodologia permite assumir diferentes cenários de oferta, demanda e preços e estabelecer diferentes estratégias de comercialização.
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Ke, Lan Terry. "A discourse analysis of the British prime ministerial debate on the basis of appraisal theory." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/116.
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Analysing ideology through discourse is practiced academically in humanities and other social sciences. It is based upon the hypotheses that through close reading, and systematic analysis, people can figure out the ideologies behind spoken and written texts. People adopt discourse analysis to associate context with the structure of discourse itself. For instance, social positions (e.g. ethnicity, gender or profession) are linked with structural units or linked with strategies of speech or talk that are embedded in their so cial, political and cultural contexts. Depending on their various social positions, lan guage users might be categorised into various groups or communities . They are ex pected to follow a certain set of rules and regulations of their social positions. Based on the Appraisal theory this thesis seeks to discover not only the words people have uttered, but also their implicature which is not easily noted. It also seeks to understand to what extent their words are related to their stance. Firstly, the thesis review what has been achieved on the Appraisal theory. Then the thesis will come to a detailed presentation of the theoretical framework . This leads to the main discussion of this thesis, which is a comprehensive analysis on the basis of the Appraisal theory and have a better under standing of each candidate's propositions.
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Camille, Nathalie. "Bases neuronales des processus de décision : l'expérience du regret." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10128.
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Lorsque deux alternatives s'offrent à nous, nous imaginons les conséquences de chaque choix et l'émotion qui lui est associée tels que la joie ou le regret. Ces émotions naissent de la comparaison de ce que l'on obtient de part notre choix avec ce que nous aurions pu obtenir si notre choix avait été différent ; elles sont la conséquence d'une analyse cognitive de la situation et elles guident nos choix. Dans un protocole de paris financiers, nous avons manipulé le feed-back des participants sur les conséquences de leur choix. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les sujets sains expriment du regret lorsqu'ils comparent leur gains avec ce qu'ils aurraient pu obtenir si leur choix avait été différent, modifiant ainsi leur stratégie de choix afin de minimiser leur futur regret. En revanche, les patients avec lésion préfrontale orbitaire n'expriment pas de regret et n'anticipent pas les conséquences négatives de leurs choix. Ce déficit est spécifique à cette région cérébrale puisqu'il n'a pas été retrouvé chez les patients avec lésions préfrontales plus dorsales. D'autres pathologies ont été testées dans cette même tâche (telles que des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson, atteints de polyneuropathie, patient avec lésions du cortex temporal et du noyau caudé), afin de mieux comprendre le rôle spécifique de chaque structure cérébrale dans les émotions et les processus de décision
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Matras, Tomáš. "Vytvoření cenových podkladů pro stanovení tržního nájemného v bytech pro lokalitu Brno - střed." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232533.
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The motivation of this diploma thesis is the end of price regulation on December 31, 2012 lease revenues resulting from this one and the possibility of disputes over the normal rent. The aim of this work is an effort to raise awareness of the normal rent for apartments in the area of Brno-Center. Determine factors that affect the attainment of rental dwellings without a price control system design using the system of essential values "SPV". Based on the selection of appropriate resources to create a database for pricing documentation and analysis of the significant influences that affect the total amount of rent and rent of the unit. These influences are the apartment layout, location and condition of the apartment. The contribution of this work is to create materials and price impact assessment prior to the rental unit and rents, which may serve as a source for other expert tasks.
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Idrissi, Najlae. "La navigation dans les bases d'images : prise en compte des attributs de texture." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465960.
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Ce travail de recherche entre dans le cadre des systèmes de recherche d'images par le contenu, en particulier la recherche par la texture. Le but de ce travail est de permettre à l'utilisateur de naviguer dans de grande base de données d'images sans formulation de requêtes en un langage d'interrogation spécifique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons réparti le travail en deux grands volets. Le premier volet concerne l'extraction et l'identification d'un modèle de texture composé d'attributs pertinents. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons proposé d'étudier deux modèles de texture : les matrices de co-occurrences et les attributs de Tamura. La sélection et la validation du modèle caractéristique ont été faites à partir de plusieurs applications que nous avons proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse après réduction de la dimension de l'espace de représentation des modèles de texture. Ensuite, la navigation s'effectue à l'aide de treillis de Galois avec une interface HTML tout en passant par une phase d'interprétation du modèle de texture numérique en un modèle sémantique. Le problème de transcription du numérique au sémantique est considéré comme un problème de discrétisation des valeurs numériques continues. Un autre problème se manifeste lorsque la taille de la base des images augmente, les performances du système de navigation se dégradent. Pour pallier à ce problème, nous proposons de créer des résumés qui de plus permettent de focaliser la recherche et la navigation sur un ensemble d'images cibles et non pas sur toute la base.
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Chabout, Jonathan. "Rôle(s) des motivations naturelles dans la prise décision : bases neurobiologiques et comportementales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817491.
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La prise de décision est un processus indispensable et vital pour les mammifères. Elle permet à l'individu de s'adapter aux changements qui s'opèrent dans son environnement et résulte de l'intégration d'informations sensorielles, émotionnelles, motivationnelles et exécutives (qui peuvent être internes ou externes à l'individu). Des études, à la fois chez le sujet humain (sujet sain, patients cérébrolésés ou atteints de pathologies psychiatriques), et sur les modèles animaux singe, rats ou souris, ont permis d'identifier le cortex préfrontal comme acteur crucial dans ces processus exécutifs complexes. La mise en place au sein de notre laboratoire d'un test d'interaction sociale permettant de générer des prises de décision rapides et adaptées en présence d'un congénère nouveau, nous a permis d'étudier les bases neurobiologiques et comportementales sous-jacentes à la prise de décision et à la flexibilité comportementale. Il est connu que les rongeurs émettent des USVs dont le rôle et les mécanismes motivationnels et/ou émotionnels restent largement inconnus à ce jour. Mon travail de thèse repose principalement sur l'identification des acteurs cérébraux de cette interaction sociale, et sur le rôle putatif des USVs. D'autre part, je me suis employé à comprendre comment les motivations naturelles (telles que la nourriture, l'exploration d'objet ou de l'environnement, et l'interaction avec un congénère) sont intégrées au canevas de prise de décision et comment elles l'influencent.Dans un premier temps, en utilisant des procédures d'imagerie cellulaire basée sur l'expression de gènes précoces (c-fos), et ce, à la fois chez des animaux contrôles et chez des animaux présentant des troubles des comportements sociaux (β2KO), nous avons pu mettre en évidence l'implication différentielle de sous-parties du cortex préfrontal chez la souris. Par la suite, la mise en place d'un logiciel spécifique d'analyse, ainsi que la modulation de l'état de motivation de l'animal lors de la tâche d'interaction sociale, nous a permis de mieux comprendre l'établissement de comportements adaptés lors de l'interaction sociale. Pour finir, en variant les contextes comportementaux, nous avons montré qu'il existe une relation étroite entre état émotionnel et motivationnel de l'animal et émission d'USVs. Notamment, les USVs semblent porter une information spécifique lors de l'interaction sociale qui reste encore largement à déterminer.
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Ernst, Robin Tracy. "Virginia feeder cattle basis by season, location, sex, breed, weight and USDA grade differentials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44632.
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Explanatory feeder cattle basis models were developed for 16 different Virginia markets by season, futures contract month, weight, lot size, sex, breed and USDA grade differentials. The models are more disaggregated and explain up to 80 percent more of feeder cattle basis variation than any previous research. Since the variables in these explanatory models are all known in advance, these basis models are also predictive. Basis estimates from these models make it possible for a Virginia feeder cattle forward pricing agency to offer forward price and minimum price contracts to small size operators.
Master of Science
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Ducloy, Cédric. "Le "Leaky-Gut" syndrome: bases physiopathologiques, éthiopathogénie, diagnostic et modalités de prise en charge." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0321.
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L'intestin grêle possède une dualité fonctionnelle:d'une part il doit assurer l'absorption des nutriments essentiels à la survie de l' organisme; et d'autre part il joue le rôle de barrière contre la pénétration d'éléments nuisibles. Le Leaky-gut syndrome est définit par la rupture de la barrière physique assurée par les Tight-junctions secondaire à de multiples situations physiopathologiques. L' altération de cette fonction de barrière entraine l'augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale aux macromolécules, antigènes, microorganismes et est impliquée dans de nombreuses pathologies comme les allergies, les maladies inflammatoires intestinales, l'autisme. La prise en charge du LGS implique une bonne connaissance de la barrière intestinale assurée par l' épithélium,le microbiote et le système immunitaire et les résultats des thérapeutiques par la glutamine et les probiotiques sont prometteurs. Depuis quelques années l'intérêt de la communauté scientifique pour le LGS est grandissant,et la meilleure connaissance des processus physiopathologiques pourra probablement permettre une meilleure approche thérapeutique de pathologies dont le LGS est la pierre angulaireThe smail intestine has a dual function: first it must ensure absorption of nutrients essential to the survival of the organism, and secondly it acts as a barrier against penetration of harmful components. The Leaky-gut syndrome is sets by breaking the physical barrier provided by Tight junclions of secondary Multiple pathophysiological situations. The alteration of this barrier function leads the increase in intestinal permeability to macromolecules, antigens, microorganisms and is involved in many diseases such as allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, autism. The management of LGS implies good knowledge of the intestinal barrier provided by the epithelium, the microbiota and immune system and results of treatment by glutamine and probiotics are promising. Ln recent years the interest of the scientific community for LGS is growing, and better knowledge of pathophysiological processes may probably allow a better therapeutic approach to disorders whose LGS is the cornerstone
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Mo, Xiu. "Compilation de bases de connaissances avec prise en compte de l'imprécision et de l'incertitude." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30193.
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L'objet de ce memoire est de presenter la compilation des systemes experts a regles floues, qui concerne la representation etle traitement des connaissances imprecises et incertaines dans les systemes experts. La compilation de tels systemes experts permet l'exploitation efficace des connaissances. Ayant introduit les constantes floues pour representer les ensembles flous dans les regles, nous avons etudie precisement les deux etapes elementaires du traitement du flou: le filtrage condition-fait flou, qui n'est pas independant du modus ponens generalise; et la jointure des variables floues, qui permet d'associer les variables aux ensembles flous et la composition des substitutions floues. Le compilateur des systemes experts flous se compose de l'arbre d'unification flou et du reseau de jointure. Un algorithme est propose pour generer un arbre d'unification, qui peut discriminer non seulement les motifs classiques, mais aussi les motifs contenant les ensembles flous. Nous developpons egalement un algorithme pour la generation d'un reseau de jointure qui utilise dans chaque nud de jointure des arbres dynamiques pour eviter les problemes combinatoires lors de la verification de la consistance des substitutions floues. Ces algorithmes sont analyses, illustres par des exemples et partiellement implementes
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De, Vlugt Corey. "The Prime-and-Realign Process of the Influenza A Virus Occurs to Rescue Cap-Snatched Primers on the Basis of Length and RNA Duplex Stability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38537.
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Cap-snatching by the influenza A virus (IAV) RNA-dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp) is driven by the abundance of transcripts being actively transcribed by host RNA polymerase II (Pol II)[1]–[3]. Deviations from a direct correlation with abundance do arise, due to selective cleavage of transcripts with a compatible length (10 to 13 nucleotides) and nucleotide sequence (ending in 3’AG)[4]–[7]. Some cap-snatched primers are not directly used to transcribe mRNA, but instead undergo a prime-and-realign mechanism (PAR). As of yet it is unknown why this process occurs. My hypothesis is that the prime-and-realign process is related to the physical characteristics of the primers and their interactions with RdRp and the vRNA template. Here, I used four published deep sequencing datasets of the 5’ ends of IAV mRNA obtained from IAV infected A549 cells to examine PAR[1], [7]–[9]. Primers are biased towards PAR on the basis of length (<12 nucleotides) and RNA duplex stability (mediated by the base directed at 3’U1 and the pyrimidine-purine base pair at position four). PAR typically adds a GCA addition resulting in a primer three nucleotides longer ending in a compatible nucleotide sequence with 3’U1. Prime-and-realign converts poor primers on the basis of length and sequence compatibility with the 3’ end of the vRNA into one that can efficiently undergo transcription of the critical conserved sequence without errors, or failure. Prime-and-realign, therefore, affords tremendous flexibility to RdRp in cap snatched primer length and sequence compatibility.
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Denis, Gil, and Alain Pizzinato. "Prise de décision et intelligence artificielle dans les sports d'opposition : Exemple de la phase de service-retour de service en tennis." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0063_DENIS_PIZZINATO.pdf.
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La prise de décision en sport d'opposition a déjà fait l'objet de nombreuses études mobilisant des approches très diverses. Notre originalité se situe dans la volonté d'envisager une analyse pluridimensionnelle de la structure du processus décisionnel. La démarche adoptée est celle de l'intelligence artificielle. L'activité sportive support est le tennis. Il s'agit donc d'identifier les concepts manipulés par un expert de l'activité tennis, et la dynamique des relations qu'ils entretiennent entre eux. Deux types de connaissances seront évoqués: la connaissance des faits (base des faits) et la connaissance des règles de la structure et de comportement du système (base des connaissances). Ce sont donc les données qui vont guider le processus décisionnel et non des fonctions préalablement déterminées. Ce travail de formalisation a permis d'élaborer un système explicatif du processus décisionnel dans la phase de service-retour de service. Le but majeur est de fournir, pour chaque échange, une prédiction de la stratégie adaptée à la situation analysée, de la zone visée et du type de balle utilisé. Ces prévisions sont accompagnées d'un coefficient de probabilité d'apparition exprimé en pourcentage. Une des caractéristiques essentielles de ce système réside dans sa faculté à apprendre le comportement des joueurs en présence grâce à une structure gérant les événements dans leur temporalité. Nomme L. I. F. T. (logique informatique pour la formalisation des connaissances en tennis), ce modèle est accompagné d'un programme logique simulant un moteur d'inférences gérant une base de connaissances.
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Malečková, Monika. "Cenová dokumentace stavebního díla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225632.
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In the first part of this thesis, the assembly of particular types of building work price documentation is solved, depending on the state of the in-process project documentation. Consequently, the utilization of the documentation in particular administration types is presented, and possibilities of the building work funding are adduced. Specific types of the building work price documentations are configured for the public buildings, housing projects, transportation and water-management buildings. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the overview of particular price and project documentation types that should be elaborated in different phases of building work life cycle.
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NOBECOURT, PHILIPPE. "Prise en compte du temps dans la specification et le prototypage d'applications bases de donnees." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066767.
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Cette these adresse les problemes de la representation et de la gestion des aspects temporels des applications bases de donnees dans le cadre du systeme rubis, un atelier logiciel d'aide a la specification et au prototypage de systemes d'information. Y sont proposes un modele et un langage temporels ainsi qu'un ensemble de mecanismes controlant automatiquement l'evolution du systeme. Le modele est type, repose sur la notion de calendrier et supporte les notions de temps absolu et relatif. Le modele conceptuel propose les concepts de relations statique, retrospective et temporelle ainsi que celui d'evenement temporel, concept cle en ce qui concerne la gestion de l'evolution des donnees. Les mecanismes reposent sur les notions d'agenda et de graphe de references. Ils sont interfaces aux autres outils de rubis, permettant ainsi une validation dynamique du schema conceptuel des applications bases de donnees par une execution des specifications. Cette these montre egalement comment ces extensions permettent de decrire et gerer de facon homogene de nombreuses situations donnant habituellement lieu a des mecanismes specifiques
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Galita, Martin. "Faktory ovlivňující tržní nájemné u zemědělských pozemků ve vybraných lokalitách Jihomoravského kraje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377507.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the factors that influence the amount of market rent in selected localities of the South Moravian Region, such as Vyškov, Ivanovice na Hané and Rousínov and their surroundings. The diploma thesis describes individual cadastral areas of selected localities. To reach the target, five agricultural companies were contacted, which manage the leased or rented agricultural land in the cadastral areas of these locations. According to information from these agricultural companies, the individual impacts on market rentals in these selected locations are examined.
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Reimers, Mia. "The glamour and the horror a social history of wartime, northwestern British Columbia, 1939-1945 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/MQ62493.pdf.
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Cadaret, Erik M. "Vegetation Canopy Cover Effects on Sediment and Salinity Loading in the Upper Colorado River Basin Mancos Shale Formation, Price, Utah." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001481.
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With future climate change and increased water demand and scarcity in the Colorado River Basin, the Bureau of Reclamation estimates that the costs of salinity damage will increase for Colorado River users and will exacerbate the current salinity challenges. This study focuses on saline and sodic soils associated with the Mancos Shale formation in order to investigate the mechanisms driving sediment and salinity loads in the Price-San Rafael River Basin of the upper Colorado River. A Walnut Gulch rainfall simulator was operated with a variety of slope angles and rainfall intensities at two field sites (Price, Dry-X) near Price, Utah in order to evaluate how the amount and spatial distribution of vegetation affects salinity in runoff. For each simulated rainfall event, the time-varying concentrations of major cations, anions, and sediment in runoff were measured. Principal component analysis revealed that the two field sites are generally different in runoff water chemistry and soil chemistry, likely due to the difference in parent material and soil indicative of their location on different geologic members. The Dry-X site also has substantially greater total dissolved solids (TDS) and sediment in runoff, soil sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) than the Price site. Despite these differences, a consistent positive linear relationship between the plot-averaged sediment and TDS concentration was found across both sites. The Rangeland Hydrology Erosion Model (RHEM) was calibrated to provide unbiased estimates of sediment in runoff from 23 runs of the rainfall simulator. RHEM simulated the plot-plot variability best at Dry-X compared to Price. Sensitivity analysis of the RHEM input parameters showed that the splash and sheet erodibility coefficient (Kss) and the effective saturated conductivity coefficient (Ke) had the largest influence on the model’s sediment and discharge outputs, respectively. The regression that predicted TDS concentration from sediment was applied to RHEM outputs to show that the model could be used to provide salinity estimates for different storm intensities on this part of the Mancos Shale. The potential influence of vegetation canopy cover on sediment production from these two sites was inferred by running RHEM with canopy cover values ranging from 0% to 100%. This changed sediment output by 111% to -91% relative to the present vegetation cover. Measures of the geometry of soil and vegetation patches at Dry-X, such as fractal dimension index and proximity index, showed a relationship to error residuals from RHEM. As the vegetation becomes less isolated, more uniform, and the tortuosity of the bare soil area increases, observed sediment decreases relative to RHEM predictions. The results of this study will help land management agencies assess the feasibility of mitigation strategies for reducing sediment and salinity loads from the saline and sodic soils of the Mancos Shale formation and indicate a possible benefit to incorporating the parameters that describe the spatial pattern of vegetation in RHEM.
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Bassette, Lorraine Pratt. "An assessment of the attitudes and outcomes of students enrolled in developmental basic mathematics classes at Prince George's community college." Diss., [Blacksburg, Va. : University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2004. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01072005-164605.
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Ferreira, Janine Connie. "Characterization of potential source rocks of the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham formations in the Laingsburg sub-basin, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4337.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe present research deals with the characterization of the Lower Ecca Group in terms of sedimentology, mineralogy and organic geochemistry. A field study was conducted in order to characterize the sedimentology and thereby determine the environments of deposition of the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham Formations. In addition, shale samples were subjected to geochemical and mineralogical analyses so as to ascertain its source rock properties. The study utilized X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis to determine the mineralogy and organic geochemistry of shale from the formations under investigation. The sedimentological investigation revealed that the upper Prince Albert Formation is dominated by shale with thin beds of carbonate. These shales are interpreted to have been deposited by suspension settling in a marine environment which was occasionally interrupted by deposition of carbonates that form in a shallow marine environment. The overlying Whitehill Formation consists predominantly of carbonaceous shale with relatively more resistant shale beds also present. The fine sediments are interpreted to have been deposited from suspension settling under anoxic bottom conditions which would favor the preservation of organic rich material. Deposition of the Whitehill Formation was followed by the Collingham Formation which is dominated by rhythmic deposits of shale and sandstone that are occasionally interrupted by tuff layers. The clay size sediments are interpreted to have been deposited from suspension settling which are interbedded with low density turbidite current deposits in a marine environment. Based on the findings of the field study, it is apparent that the Prince Albert and Collingham Formations were deposited in marine environments, with the Whitehill Formation being deposited in an anoxic environment. These environments are known to be dominated by phytoplanktonic organisms and algal debris, and as such shales deposited in these environments contain predominantly Type I (derived from algae) and II kerogen (derived from plankton). It can therefore be postulated that Type I and II kerogens are the dominant constituents of organic matter in the Lower Ecca Group shales. Mineralogically, the shales consist chiefly of kaolinite, smectite and illite clay minerals, which are derived from a combination of weathering of feldspars, and the alteration of other clay minerals. The latter being inferred from the existence of albite in all the studied shale samples, pyroclastic material observed in the field, as well as the occurrence of alteration along clay mineral edges.
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Serreau, Pierre. "Interaction entre prise de décision et gestion des motivations chez la souris : bases neurobiologiques et comportementales." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066464.
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La flexibilité comportementale se définit par la capacité à prendre une décision adaptée en fonction de ses motivations internes et des changements qui peuvent survenir dans l’environnement. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer dans le contexte incertain d’une tâche d’interaction sociale, les processus comportementaux et neurobiologiques à la base des prises de décision flexibles chez la souris. L’utilisation de souris mutantes nulles pour la sous-unité β2 des récepteurs nicotiniques à l’acétylcholine et la réexpression par lentivirus de cette sous-unité dans le cortex préfrontal nous ont permis de démontrer son rôle crucial dans la flexibilité des comportements lors de situations présentant un conflit entre plusieurs motivations. Nous avons également, par des expériences de lésion et d’imagerie régionale d'expression de la protéine c-Fos, précisé l’importance de l’aire prélimbique du cortex préfrontal dans la prise de décision adaptée. Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté que les souris impulsives montrent une atteinte de la flexibilité des comportements lorsqu’elles doivent opérer un choix entre exploration, interaction sociale et consommation de nourriture, trois motivations naturelles fondamentales. Enfin, l’analyse des vocalisations ultrasoniques dans différents contextes comportementaux a mis en évidence que le nombre, le type et les propriétés acoustiques des vocalisations reflètent à la fois l'état émotionnel et motivationnel des souris. L’ensemble des travaux, tant comportementaux que neurobiologiques, a, en outre, conduit au développement et à la validation d’outils appropriés à l’étude de l’impulsivité motrice et des interactions sociales chez la souris
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Mosavel, Haajierah. "Hydrocarbon potential of the Prince Albert Formation, Ecca Group in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8342.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis focusses on the hydrocarbon potential of the Prince Albert Formation in terms of its shale gas potential. Unconventional gas production from hydrocarbon-rich shale formations, known as “shale gas”, is one of the most rapidly expanding trends in onshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation today. In South Africa, the southern portion of the main Karoo Basin is potentially favourable for shale gas accumulation and may become a game changer in the energy production regime of the country. The Prince Albert Formation was selected for research, since previous studies in South Africa have focused on shale from the Whitehill Formation, which together with the underlying Prince Albert Formation, occur within the lower Ecca Group in the main Karoo Basin.
2023-08-16
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Esculier, Christian. "Introduction à la tolérance sémantique : la prise en compte des exceptions dans le cadre du couplage des bases de données et des bases de connaissances." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333100.
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L'approche proposée traduit l'imperfection potentielle des règles en transposant, dans le domaine informatique, le concept de tolérance, classique en ingénierie. Elle s'articule autour d'un prédicat de tolérance qui permet de décider si une instance non conforme est une exception ou une erreur et d'un comportement exceptionnel du système qui assure l'intégration de l'exception et sa gestion ultérieure
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Esculier, Christian Adiba Michel Chiaramella Yves. "Introduction à la tolérance sémantique la prise en compte des exceptions dans le cadre du couplage des bases de données et des bases de connaissances /." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333100.
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Gigot, Sébastien. "Contribution à la conception d’une base de données de maintenabilité opérationnelle dynamique : Proposition de prise en compte des facteurs pénalisants dans l’estimation du MTTR [Mean Time To Repair]." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE021.
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Cette thèse a pour but d’exposer une méthodologie d’évaluation du risque de ne pas satisfaireaux exigences de maintenabilité pour des équipements industriels complexes en exploitation. Elle permet de mieux comprendre la problématique du dépassement de la durée de réparation lié aux activités de maintenabilité opérationnelle. Peu d’études sont à l’heure actuelle, consacrées à ce sujet rendu complexe par la multitude d’activités différentes et un niveau d’exigence sans cesse croissant. Les exigences de maintenabilité et de disponibilité apparaissent de plus en plus. Notre proposition porte sur l’évaluation des critères de maintenabilité critiques intervenant dans un processus de maintenabilité afin d’optimiser l’enchaînement des actions depuis la panne jusqu’à la remise en service. L’analyse de ces facteurs pénalisants nous conduit à développer un modèle d’estimation du MTTR pour minimiser le delta des dérives liées au dépassement des délais de réparation. Les résultats illustrés d’exemples concrets permettent d’apprécier la maintenabilité du système au regard des objectifs fixés et de proposer le cas échéant, des actions en diminution de risques pour optimiser l’indisponibilité du système. Ce travail s’est intéressé au développement d'une démarche de modélisation des systèmes complexes pour l'évaluation des stratégies de maintenance. Son aboutissement est un outil d'aide à la décision pour construire et satisfaire aux programmes de maintenance en effectuant les choix les mieux adaptés. Nos travaux ont portés sur la maintenabilité opérationnelle et sur l’importance de l’estimation des durées de réparation en prenant en compte le contexte dans lequel évolue le système afin d’identifier les événements pénalisants. Ces travaux viennent souligner l’importance à accorder aux méthodologies de traitement d’une panne, en proposant de reconsidérer le concept de maintenabilité opérationnelle afin de mieux maîtriser les aléas liés au dépassement des durées de réparationThis thesis is intended to describe a methodology for assessment of the risk of not satisfying the requirements of maintainability for industrial equipment complex in operation. It allows you to better understand the problematic of the overrun of the duration of repair linked to the activities of operational serviceability. Few of the studies are at the present time, devoted to this topic made complex by the multitude of different activities and a level of requirement always growing. The requirements of maintainability and availability appear more and more. Our proposal focuses on the evaluation of the criteria of maintainability criticisms involved in a process of maintainability in order to optimize the sequence of actions since the fault up to the rehabilitation service. The analysis of these inhibiting factors led us to develop a model for estimating of the MTTR to minimize the delta of derivatives linked to the overrun of the repair time. The results illustrated by specific examples allow to assess the maintainability of the system in relation to the objectives set and to propose, if necessary, actions to decrease of risks to optimize the system unavailability. This work is interested in the development of an approach to the modeling of complex systems for the assessment of maintenance strategies. Its culmination is a tool to help in the decision to build and meet the maintenance programs by performing the choice best suited. Our works have focused on the operational maintainability and on the importance of the estimation of repair times taking into account the context in which evolved the system in order to identify the events penally. These works have stressed the importance to be given to the methodology of treatment of a failure, by proposing to reconsider the concept of maintainability operational in order to better control the uncertainties related to the excedance of repair times
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Ratté, Stéphane. "Étude comparative randomisée de l’efficacité et de l’impact sur la prise de décision clinique en médecine familiale de deux moteurs de recherche médicaux : InfoClinique et TRIP Database." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28993/28993.pdf.
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Cette étude randomisée visait à comparer l’efficacité et l’impact sur le processus de décision clinique en médecine familiale de deux moteurs de recherche médicaux : InfoClinique et TRIP Database. Quinze résidents en médecine familiale ont répondu à 20 questions cliniques portant sur des interventions thérapeutiques ou préventives avant et après une recherche initiée au hasard avec InfoClinique ou TRIP Database. En plus de donner les réponses aux questions cliniques, les participants ont rempli des questionnaires en ligne pour évaluer l’impact du moteur de recherche sur le processus de prise de décision. L’efficacité à trouver une réponse correcte aux questions et l’impact des informations trouvées sur le processus de prise de décision clinique ont été similaires à la suite de la recherche initiée avec InfoClinique et TRIP Database. La proportion de réponses correctes observée avant la recherche (25%) a augmenté de façon importante et similaire après la recherche initiale avec les deux moteurs de recherche passant à 63%. Le choix d’utiliser l’un ou l’autre des moteurs de recherche pourrait reposer sur des préférences ergonomiques, géographiques ou linguistiques.
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Boulemia, Chérif. "Contribution à la prise en compte du sol pour la conception des infrastructures : le système à base de connaissances «KBSOL»." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10169.
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Le travail présenté ici est une contribution à la prise en compte du sol pour l'aide à la conception des infrastructures ; nous montrons l'intérêt de disposer d'un noyau d'informations commun sur le sol ouvert, partageable et auto-enrichissant. Notre choix s'est porté sur la réalisation d'un système à base de connaissances sur le sol. La mise en place de ce système a été réalisée en suivant la méthodologie KADS; nous avons construit le modèle conceptuel des données du sol et recensé les traitements ainsi que les acteurs de la conception des infrastructures. A partir de la modélisation des données, des traitements et des différents scénarii, la maquette KBSOL a été développée sur la plate-forme KOOL (Knowledge representation Object Oriented Language), un générateur de système à base de connaissances orienté objet. Les traitements et les règles permettent de faire une analyse de la cohérence des informations disponibles sur le sol dans le cadre d'un projet et d'avoir une meilleure appréciation de la qualité de la connaissance du sol. Nous montrons un des intérêts de ce système à base de connaissances par son couplage à un logiciel technique de calcul de fondations («EVALFOND»), à un module technique relatif aux travaux de terrassement («KBTERRAS») et à une base de données sur le sol («BDSOL»)
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Bruel, Aurélien. "Proposition d'indicateurs des externalités environnementales basés sur l'ACV et les services écosystémiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0035/document.
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Dans notre société actuelle, il s’avère difficile de déployer l’Écologie industrielle. Ceci peut s’expliquer par le fait que l’information à destination des décideurs est principalement issue des sciences naturelles et de l’ingénieur. Ainsi l’information apportée dans les processus de décision est focalisée sur l’étude physique des flux de matière et d’énergie. Elle semble peu pertinente pour interpeller les décideurs industriel et public. Pour cela, ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre quels indicateurs utiliser pour mieux intégrer les impacts environnementaux dans les processus de décision industriel et public. Il s’intéresse en particulier à la prise en compte des externalités environnementales dans les processus de décision. Il cherche ainsi à mieux comprendre quelles sont les interactions entre le cycle de vie d’un produit et les services écosystémiques au niveau local au moyen de la méthodologie d’analyse du cycle de vie. Cette proposition est mise à l’épreuve en la développant sur un cas d’étude illustratif modélisant deux services écosystémiques liés au phénomène d’eutrophisation. Ensuite, des indicateurs des systèmes industriels sur les services écosystémiques sont testés dans un processus de validation expérimentale dans deux contextes de prise de décisions différentsIn today's society, it is difficult to spread the Industrial ecology. This can be explained by the fact that information for decision makers is mainly outcome from the natural and engineering sciences. Thus, information provided in the decision process is focused on the physical study of material and energy flows. It seems irrelevant to challenge the industrial and public decision makers. For this, this thesis aims to understand which indicators to use to better integrate environmental impacts in the process of industrial and public decision. It is particularly interested in the integration of environmental externalities in the decision process. It seeks to understand what are the interactions between the life cycle of a product and ecosystem services of a territory by using the methodology of Life cycle assessment. This proposal was put to the test by developing an illustrative case study by modeling two ecosystem services related to eutrophication. Then indicators of industrial systems on ecosystem services are tested in an experimental validation process in two different contexts of decision making
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Moulin, Aline. "Conception et synthèse de ligands du récepteur de la ghréline basés sur le motif 1,2,4-triazole." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20038.
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Hroch, Pavel. "Faktory ovlivňující tržní nájemné u zemědělských pozemků v Bolehošti a v jeho okolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241355.
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The aim of my master’s thesis is to determine the factors, that influence the market rent for agricultural land in Bolehošť and its surroundings. The theoretical part discusses ways to obtain the basic price of agricultural land. Followed by derivation of market rent as a percentage part the of the price agricultural land. Another part of this work is the practical part, where are individual factors influencing the market rent analyzed first generally and then there is described the influence of individual factors directly for agricultural land in Bolehošť and its surroundings. The influence of these factors on the market rent is documented by calculations derived from a database of rent in the contracts. Followed comparison of rents depending on individual factors and their evaluation.
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Fontaa, Vincent. "Bases cliniques et pharmacologiques pour la prise en charge de la depression du sujet de plus de 65 ans." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M169.
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Robic, Suzanne. "Décider dans un monde imprévisible et social : les mécanismes en jeu et leurs bases cérébrales dans l'autisme." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056989.
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Le monde social est par essence fortement incertain, dans la mesure où les informations peuvent varier rapidement et de façon imprévisible, et il est essentiel de pouvoir s'y adapter. Les personnes avec autisme présentent souvent une intolérance au changement et une recherche d'immuabilité, associées à des difficultés dans le domaine de la prise de décision. Elles rapportent également que leurs difficultés sont amplifiées lorsque la prise de décision implique un changement de routine et lorsqu'elle fait entrer en jeu une composante sociale. Si la prise de décision dans un environnement social a été beaucoup explorée, l'influence de l'incertitude du contexte (c'est-à-dire d'un changement brutal des probabilités de survenue d'un événement) et son interaction avec la nature sociale de l'environnement n'ont jamais été étudiées dans le cadre de l'autisme. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les spécificités du traitement du caractère imprévisible du contexte chez les personnes autistes de haut niveau (High-Functioning Autism : HFA) et avec un Syndrome d'Asperger (AS). La question posée ici est de savoir si c'est l'aspect social, ou bien l'aspect imprévisible, qui pose problème aux personnes avec autisme dans les interactions sociales. Nous avons fait l'hypothèse d'une altération du traitement du caractère imprévisible chez ces personnes, comparées à des sujets neurotypiques appariés, et nous souhaitions préciser l'influence de la nature sociale ou non-sociale de la source d'information sur cette altération. Dans la première étude, comportementale, de cette thèse, nous avons adapté une tâche de prise de décision de Behrens et al. (2007, 2008), comportant une condition stable et une condition instable (i.e. incertaine), cet aspect stable ou instable pouvant venir d'un indice social ou non-social. Cette première étude a permis de montrer que, dans notre tâche, les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes HFA/AS dans un environnement social tiennent plus à son caractère imprévisible qu'à son aspect social. A cela s'ajoute une difficulté globale à intégrer les indices contextuels dans la prise de décision. Notre deuxième étude, en IRM fonctionnelle, visait à identifier les régions cérébrales impliquées dans le traitement du caractère imprévisible du contexte, ainsi que l'effet de la nature sociale de l'environnement sur ce traitement, chez des personnes avec autisme. Cette seconde étude a montré que les personnes HFA/AS mobilisent moins le réseau attentionnel fronto-pariétal que les personnes neurotypiques dans un contexte incertain (qu'il soit social ou non). On observe également chez ces personnes une difficulté à réorienter l'attention lorsque les indices contextuels ne sont pas pertinents. Par ailleurs, dans un environnement social les personnes HFA/AS activent moins les aires du " cerveau social " que les personnes neurotypiques. La discussion établit un parallèle entre ces résultats et la littérature existante, et propose des perspectives en termes de prise en charge dans l'autisme
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Poggi, Giulia [Verfasser], Hannelore [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehrenreich, Klaus-Armin [Gutachter] Nave, and Mikael [Gutachter] Simons. "Unraveling psychiatric sub-phenotypes: The price of the reduction of myelin basic protein / Giulia Poggi. Betreuer: Hannelore Ehrenreich. Gutachter: Klaus-armin Nave ; Mikael Simons." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110148151/34.
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Lopez-Varela, Carmen Guadalupe. "Détection et diagnostic basés cohérence pour les systèmes à événements discrets : vers la prise en compte des erreurs de modélisation." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00244013.
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Cette thèse propose une méthode de détection et diagnostic basée cohérence pour les systèmes à événements discrets. La méthode prend en compte la possibilité d'erreurs dans les modèles utilisés comme référence du bon comportement du système. La détection est réalisée par la vérification de cohérence entre le comportement observé et le comportement décrit par les modèles du système. Dans la mesure où les modèles utilisés ne sont pas exempts d'erreurs, la perte de cohérence détectée peut correspondre à une réelle défaillance au niveau du procédé ou à une erreur dans les modèles. Pour distinguer ces deux cas, il est nécessaire de déterminer les sous-modèles communs. Chaque observation émanant du procédé apporte une information utile pour l'identification de la ou des types de configuration entre les modèles. L'identification est réalisée en ligne et repose sur le parcours d'un graphe décrivant exhaustivement l'ensemble des configurations des modèles. Enfin, le rétablissement de la cohérence avec les observations par modification des modèles constitue le principe du diagnostic
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Donát, Michal. "Analýza dopadu zavedení základního nepodmíněného příjmu v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264337.
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The technological revolution that is currently underway is building on the foundations of machine learning, exponential speed of technological development and digitalization. Machines in near future will become cheaper and more efficient and will replace human workers in a wide range of disciplines. Diploma thesis summarizes the reasons and consequences of current technological development and presents an unconditional basic income as the tool for ensuring a sustainable level of social equality. Using the real numbers from the Czech Republic it shows that the introduction of an unconditional basic income is rather a problem of cultural and social than economic. Basic income in future may become an effective tool in the fight against human poverty, especially in the environment where demand for human labor becomes scarce.