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Journal articles on the topic 'Price determination'
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1
Adams, Charles M., Fred J. Prochaska, and Thomas H. Spreen. "Price Determination in the U.S. Shrimp Market." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 19, no. 2 (December 1987): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025371.
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AbstractThe monthly and quarterly price determination processes for 31–40 and 21–25 size classes of raw-headless shrimp were examined to determine price leadership between market levels. Causal relationships were assessed using Haugh-Pierce, Sims, and Granger methods. Price models at the retail, wholesale, and exvessel market levels were estimated. Economic factors analyzed were income, prices of competing products, landings and imports of raw headless shrimp, total retail supply, beginning stocks, and marketing costs.Monthly prices generally exhibited unidirectional causality from exvessel to retail price. Quarterly prices were determined interdependently among market levels. Price responses between market levels were found to be symmetric with beginning stocks, landings, and imports of own-size shrimp the most important determinants of price.
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Laung-Iem, Kornkamol, and Prapita Thanarak. "Determination of Biodiesel Prices in Thailand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.81.
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Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitute for petroleum or fossil diesel. Biodiesel production in Thailand began in 2005, with prices stabilizing after 2008. Biodiesel, along with other biofuels, plays a role in Thailand’s Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). The purpose of this study is to examine factors in the Thai biodiesel prices (2009-2014). The study assessed factors in downstream biodiesel prices at consumer locations like gas stations. The price factors assessed in the study included ex-refinery prices, excise taxes, municipal taxes, oil fund contributions, energy conservation fund conributions, marketing margin and exchange rate (USD). Regression results showed that all of these factors were significant (r2 = 0.867). The implication of the study is that while most of the retail price of biodiesel in Thailand is attributable to cost factors, there is some unexplained variance in price. This offers an opportunity for future research.
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Haq, Irfan Nurul. "Determination of Price and Customer Satisfaction." Journal of Economicate Studies 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32506/joes.v1i2.179.
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Price policy or a value can affect the human mindset, considering its activities by using logic including in considering its needs as a customer of a product. a person or customer will choose which product performance is more effective, efficient and suitable to his needs and according to the value of a price or cost, if the performance is effective, efficient and match with expectations, means customers will feel satisfied and will make the calculation of expenditures for the procurement of products the. Price has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. The main considerations that affect customers are willing to use services include customer satisfaction, service quality, service orientation and pricing in determining the type of service used. The high price is a factor causing customer dissatisfaction so customers are reluctant to use the services provided by the company. The price of a good or service is very influential on customer satisfaction. Consumers use the price as a consideration in determining the purchase of a product, when should the purchase be made and how much the need for products purchased in accordance with the ability of consumer purchasing power. A product must be precise in the determination and determination of the selling price so that it can be accepted by consumers by not neglecting the quality of the product. Under normal circumstances, demand and prices have a negative or reversed relationship. That is, the higher the price is set the smaller the demand.
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Sambuo, Damian Boniface, Stephen Kirama, and Kitala Malamsha. "Fish Price Determination Around Lake Victoria, Tanzania: Analysis of Factors Affecting Fish Landing Price." Global Business Review 22, no. 2 (April 2021): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918811509.
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Determination of fish landing price is important, as the same contributes to the structure, conduct and performance of the fish market in Lake Victoria. Determination of relevant landing price is a gap to console between fishermen, agents (middlemen), processors and the government. The main objective of this study was therefore to examine fish price determination. Specifically, to examine the methods for fish price determination and analyse factors that affect fish landing price in Lake Victoria, a cross-sectional design was employed, and 300 respondents were randomly selected from two district councils, namely, Sengerema and Buchosa. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Findings show that landing price is determined through formal negotiation with processors, consultation with other traders, informal negotiation with buyers and Beach Management Unit (BMU). The study concluded that these are the common methods used to determine landing prices. Also, distance from fishing to onshore landing centres, market information channels, age and experiences of the fishermen are the factors significantly found affecting landing price. It is recommended that the mechanism for setting up fishery price, fish market structure, fishery information and the formation of fishery regulatory body needs fishery policy and sector reforms that mark the determination of fish landing price.
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Reydon, Bastiaan Philip, Ludwig Einstein Agurto Plata, Gerd Sparovek, Rafael Guilherme Burstein Goldszmidt, and Tiago Santos Telles. "Determination and forecast of agricultural land prices." Nova Economia 24, no. 2 (August 2014): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/1304.
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The aim of this study is to discuss and apply hedonic methodology for the determination and forecast of land prices in specific markets. This is important due to the fact that there is no official or reliable information in Brazil on current prices in land market transactions. This hedonic price methodology uses a multiple regression model which has, as an explanatory variable, the price per hectare and independent variables related to physical attributes (soil, climate and terrain), production (systems of production, location, access), infrastructure of the property and expectations (regional scenario, local investments). Application of the methodology to a Homogeneous Zone of the state of Maranhão, in Brazil, generated a parsimonious model, in which five independent variables were responsible for 70% of the variance in the price of agricultural land.
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Rachmi, Nur Habiba, and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono. "Malem Songolikur: Menyingkap Makna Harga Dibalik Tradisi Lelang Bandeng di Gresik." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 30, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2020.v30.i05.p18.
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The purpose of this study is to reveal the determination process and the meaning of prices implemented through the milkfish auction tradition in Gresik. This research is qualitative using an ethnographic approach, data collected through interviews and participant observation. The results showed that the price determination process used the Rohmatan Lil ‘Alamin principle. The researcher found three meanings of the first price, self-esteem; second, the form of reward; third, the form of obedience to the Creator. Prices are not always matched with material or nominal. Price has a different meaning through the perspective of the Gresik’s.
Keywords: Milkfish Biding; Fix Cost Price; Etnography.
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XANTHOPOULOS, S. Z., and A. N. YANNACOPOULOS. "SCENARIOS FOR PRICE DETERMINATION IN INCOMPLETE MARKETS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 11, no. 05 (August 2008): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024908004877.
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We study the problem of determination of asset prices in an incomplete market proposing three different but related scenarios, based on utility pricing. One scenario uses a market game approach whereas the other two are based on risk sharing or regret minimizing considerations. Dynamical schemes modeling the convergence of the buyer and seller prices to a unique price are proposed. The case of exponential utilities is treated in detail, in the simplest possible example of an incomplete market, the trinomial model.
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Wyrwoll, Lothar, Moritz Nobis, Stephan Raths, and Albert Moser. "Evolution of Fundamental Price Determination within Electricity Market Simulations." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175454.
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Electricity prices are the key instrument for coordinating electricity markets. For long-term market analyses, price determination based on fundamental unit commitment simulations is required. Within the European wholesale market, electricity prices result from a market clearing, which finds a welfare-optimal price–quantity tuple considering a coupling of multiple market areas with limited transmission capacity. With increasing exchange capacities in Europe, the precise modeling of the market coupling is required. Many market simulation models use multi-stage approaches with a separation of market coupling and price determination. In this paper, we analyze a new single-stage approach that combines both steps and theoretically and empirically demonstrate its precision by a backtest. For this purpose, we compare a simulated versus a historical electricity price distribution. Moreover, we explain the necessary adjustments for future regulatory developments of the European electricity market regarding flow-based market coupling and propose a concept for the application of future regulatory developments. We demonstrate further developments using a future scenario.
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Biswas, Tapan, and Jolian McHardy. "Asking Price and Price Discounts: the Strategy of Selling an Asset under Price Uncertainty." Review of Economic Analysis 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2012): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v4i1.1532.
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We consider fixed and asking price strategies in the context of selling an asset with Bernoullian updating of the seller’s subjective probability of sale at a given price. The determination of optimal fixed, asking and endogenous reservation prices is discussed under risk-neutrality and expected utility maximisation. With risk-neutrality, the optimal asking price exceeds the optimal fixed price when the expected gain is a strictly concave function. The seller’s choice between the fixed and the asking price strategies depends on several factors: the expected cost of haggling, price competition and the seller’s attitude towards risk.
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Anggalia Wibasuri, Fitria, MS Hasibuan, and Suwandi. "IMPLEMENTASI DIGITAL MARKETING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TRANSAKSI PENJUALAN PADA USAHA BERSAMA MUTIARA." J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 8 (January 1, 2022): 1673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jabdi.v1i8.982.
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The Joint Business Group (KUB) “Mutiara” has a business in processing filter material into several products such as caps, bags, clothes and slings. Determination of selling prices and marketing (marketing) is a problem faced by KUB Mutiara. The determination of the selling price only takes into account wages without reviewing the market price. The marketing model is done by entrusting the goods to the sales center. This community service aims to provide training for determining selling prices and digital marketing. The method used is counseling and training for KUB Mutiara employees. There are 10 craftsmen and 3 admins who are trained to improve product innovation, pricing and digital marketing training. The results achieved after dedication, product innovation grew by 85%, understanding of price determination from not understanding to understanding, increasing sales by 70%
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Anggadini, Sri Dewi, Surtikanti Surtikanti, Adhe Puspa Andriyani Erik, and Sari Damayanti. "DETERMINATION OF PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY ON STOCK PRICE." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/jra.v14i2.5119.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of the effect of Profitability on stock prices and the amount of liquidity influence on stock prices in property companies. Real estate stock price fluctuations were caused by negative sentiment, rising interest rates, low demand for stock prices, and the fall in the rupiah exchange rate against the UNITED STATES dollar, so that real estate, property, and building construction sub-sector companies experienced a decline in the company's performance. The research method used is a verificative descriptive analysis method. The population, namely sub-sector companies such as real estate, property, and building construction recorded on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period, includes 11 companies using samples in the form of purpose sampling. The sample in the form of financial statements in the company's quarter was 45 samples of financial statements for 3 periods from 2016-2018. The dependent variables are stock prices, while the independent variables in this study are ROA (Return On Asset) and CR (Current Ratio). The technical data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis and is assisted by the SPSS version 20 application program. The results showed that Return On Asset (ROA) had a significant effect on stock prices with a positive relationship and Current Ratio (CR) had a significant effect on stock prices with a positive relationship.
Keywords: Return On Asset, Current Ratio, Stock Price
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Sai, Yinjiya. "On the Criteria for Identifying Unfairly High Prices for Standard-essential Patent Licensing." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 17 (May 10, 2022): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.687.
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It is of practical significance for China that the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China intervenes in the definition of standard-essential patents and the setting of criteria for determining unfairly high prices for patent licensing in order to eliminate the adverse effects of specific license fee collection behaviors on competition. The practical situation of the determination of unfairly high price of standard-essential patent licenses in China reflects many problems of the current determination standards, such as the unclear definition of unfairly high price, the deficiency of comparative prerequisites in the comparable transaction method, and the untenable reasoning in the qualitative analysis method. Therefore, the criteria for determining unfairly high prices of standard-essential patent licenses should be improved. The focus should be on quantifying the price in order to analyze its reasonableness for reference of determining the unfairness of the high price. In the determination, the conduct of the patentee and its effects should be evaluated at the same time in order to ensure the comprehensive and objective results of the determination. In order to deal with the variability of unfairly high prices of standard-essential patent licenses, should give discretionary power to law enforcement officers and improve antitrust enforcement in the field of standard-essential patents.
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Arısoy, Hasan, and Zeki Bayramoğlu. "Determination of the Effect of Price Fluctuations on Producer Income – the Case of Potatoes." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (October 30, 2017): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1342-1349.1356.
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Prices of agricultural products fluctuate depending upon several factors. In Turkey, potatoes are one of the main products for which price fluctuations are observed. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of the fluctuation in potato prices on producer incomes in Turkey. The Neyman Method was used to determine the sample size. The number of enterprises required to achieve a representative sample size was determined to be 56, with a 5% error margin and a 95% reliability limit. The way in which the potato cultivation area is affected by price was examined. The Koyck model was utilized for this purpose. By using Koyck analysis, average lag time was calculated to be approximately 1 year. This result indicates that the fluctuation in potato prices has quite a rapid effect on production. It was determined that producer income varies greatly depending on annual potato prices. The difference between estimated potato price and the actual price for the year 2012 resulted in an income loss of 11,198.6 $/ha. Some sustainable efforts such as production planning can be recommended to prevent these price fluctuations.
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Rudko, G. I., M. M. Kurylo, V. V. Bala, and Yu S. Makovskyi. "METHODS FOR PRICE DETERMINATION (JUSTIFICATION) AT ECONOMIC-GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COAL DEPOSITS." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2018.4.45-48.
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The purpose of research is systematization and analysis of methods of price determining for geological and economic assessment of coal deposits in domestic and international practice. Price indicators and income from sale of coal affect significantly reserves value, profitability of their development, and determine industrial significance of reserves. In domestic practice commodity exchanges, contractual, regulated, world and transfer prices are used. In international practice coal prices are formed at the result of futures, spot or stock exchange contracts. Now international coal trade realizes in the framework of futures contracts and spot transactions. In recent years, short-term contracts prevail, rarely it’s used medium-term contracts. A sequence of coal pricing for geological and economic assessment has been determined, which is the following: classification of coal by grades and classes in accordance with current standards; statistical analysis of prices by grades and classes, coal enrichment products; determination of a system of discounts/surcharges to the price of each class depending on coal quality; correction of actual producer prices for assessment reserves. The values of surcharges or discounts for individual indicators of coal quality are determined. The sensitivity analysis of reserves value and profitability from changes in selling coal prices has been carried out. The determination of the coal price or enrichment products requires a detailed justification depending on the stage of geological and feasibility study of reserves. For detailed assessment of explored or exploited deposits it is reasonable to use actual prices of coal sales for the previous period and contract prices for future periods in the presence of medium and long-term contracts. For preliminary geological and economic assessment, it is possible to use the price of the analogue deposit, which is developed, or wholesale coal prices with correction by quality.
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Hasyim, Nurhasnah, Fikri, Rusdaya Basri, and Aris. "ANALISIS MAȘLAHȂT TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENETAPAN HARGA ECERAN TERTINGGI LPG 3 KG DI PANCA LAUTANG KAB. SIDRAP." DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 18, no. 1 (July 12, 2020): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v18i1.1054.
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This paper examines the maslahah analysis of practice of determination of the highest price of 3 kg LPG in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, consisting of three problems, namely; 1) what is the practice of determination of the highest price of 3 kg LPG in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency?; 2) how is the effectiveness of Perda No. 12 of 2014 concerning LPG 3 kg in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency ?; 3) how is the implementation of maslahah values in the practice of setting the highest retail prices of 3 kg LPG in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency?.This paper uses qualitative research methods. The focus of the study is the determination of the highest price of 3 kg LPG. Location of study in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency.The results of this study indicate that1) The practice of the determination of the highest price of 3 kg LPG in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, was found that Pangkalan still ignored regional regulations, due to several reasons such as transportation costs, capital, and the uncontrolled distribution chain; 2) Effectiveness of Perda No. 12 of 2014 concerning LPG 3 kg in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency to implement retail prices is considered ineffective even though the Government intends to protect the public from arbitrary prices, and provide guarantees of justice; 3) The implementation of maslahah values in the practice of setting the highest retail price of 3 kg LPG in Panca Lautang, Sidenreng Rappang Regency is legal protection for consumers in setting the highest retail price, fighting for consumers or the poor to get their rights.
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Hassan, Md Rakib. "Smartphone based automatic price determination of agricultural products." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v4i2.33718.
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Smartphones are increasingly becoming an integral part of our life. We carry it every time with us and use it to do various tasks including browsing internet, emails, social websites and others. We also perform online shopping with our smartphones. In this paper, a new automatic price determination algorithm for agricultural products is proposed that can be used by both the sellers and buyers using their smartphones. The buyers will place their demands for their required agricultural products to the sellers of a particular market and the sellers will also place their supplies. The algorithm will then automatically calculate the market equilibrium price using learning rate based iterative distributed price determination algorithm. As a result, both the sellers and buyers can save their time in finding the suitable prices of the agricultural products. The performance results show that the algorithm is stable and reaches the market equilibrium price within a few milliseconds.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 69-75, August 2017
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Abasimi, Ignatius, Anisa Rupaningtyas Aulia, and Uswatun Khasanah. "Analysis of House Price Determination in 13 G20 Countries: Random Effect Model." JAMPE (Journal of Asset Management and Public Economy) 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jampe.v2i2.7983.
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A house or a place to live is a primary need for all beings, but the lack of affordable housing to buy or rent can trigger a global housing crisis. After the collapse of the housing market in the US or the subprime crisis of 2008-2009 there was a revival of focus on the housing market. Empirical research has been conducted to look at the variables that affect house prices. However, it is still rare for researchers to examine the influence of macroeconomic variables in countries that have a strong role in the world economy. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of the Consumer Price Index, Construction GDP, Unemployment Rate, Population Density, Exchange Rate and Power Purchasing Parity on the House Price Index as an indicator that reflects house prices. So, the contribution of this research is to provide novelty in the use of the house price index to determine the determinants that influence it. This research is a quantitative research using secondary data. The regression model used in this study is the Random Effects Model. The result of this study is the Consumer Price Index and Purchasing Power Parity have a significant positive impact on house prices. Therefore, the government needs to maintain the stability of these two indicators so that house prices remain stable. The Unemployment Rate and Exchange Rate show a significant negative effect on house prices. Therefore, the government needs to monitor and maintain the stability of the exchange rate and reduce the unemployment rate so that there is no significant decline in house prices. Meanwhile, construction GDP and population density show no effect on house prices. Additional studies are urgently needed to identify factors and housing price movements contributing to global and regional levels.
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Sinaga, Annisa Nauli, Stify Stify, Meliana Oktavia, and Veihao Saphira. "Pengaruh Inflasi, Kebijakan Dividen, Profitabilitas Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Infrastruktur, Utility Dan Transportasi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v5i1.2488.
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The aim this research is to know the influence of Inflation, Dividend Policy, Profitability and Company Size on Stocks Prize. This research uses a quantitive approach. The population is carried out on Infrastructure, Utility and Transportation companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange total in 74 companies. The sample of this research is 10 companies selected by purposive sampling technique. This statistical method is multiple linear regression. The results show that Dividend Policy and profitability have a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, Inflation and Company Size have no positive and insignificant effect on stock prices. And simultaneously Inflation, Dividend Policy, Profitability and Company Size affect the Stock Price because the value of Fcount 22.802 > Ftable 2.76. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination indicates that the stock price can be explained by the variables Inflation, Dividend Policy, Profitability, Company Size by 75%, while the remaining 25% share price is explained by other variables not examined in this research.
Keywords : Inflation, Dividend Policy, Profitability, Company Size, Stocks Price
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BOUZIANIS, GEORGE, and LANE P. HUGHSTON. "DETERMINATION OF THE LÉVY EXPONENT IN ASSET PRICING MODELS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 22, no. 01 (February 2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024919500080.
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We consider the problem of determining the Lévy exponent in a Lévy model for asset prices given the price data of derivatives. The model, formulated under the real-world measure [Formula: see text], consists of a pricing kernel [Formula: see text] together with one or more non-dividend-paying risky assets driven by the same Lévy process. If [Formula: see text] denotes the price process of such an asset, then [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-martingale. The Lévy process [Formula: see text] is assumed to have exponential moments, implying the existence of a Lévy exponent [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] in an interval [Formula: see text] containing the origin as a proper subset. We show that if the prices of power-payoff derivatives, for which the payoff is [Formula: see text] for some time [Formula: see text], are given at time [Formula: see text] for a range of values of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the so-called benchmark portfolio defined by [Formula: see text], then the Lévy exponent is determined up to an irrelevant linear term. In such a setting, derivative prices embody complete information about price jumps: in particular, the spectrum of the price jumps can be worked out from current market prices of derivatives. More generally, if [Formula: see text] for a general non-dividend-paying risky asset driven by a Lévy process, and if we know that the pricing kernel is driven by the same Lévy process, up to a factor of proportionality, then from the current prices of power-payoff derivatives we can infer the structure of the Lévy exponent up to a transformation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constants.
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KARASU, Rauf, and Semih Sırrı ÖZDEMİR. "RESTRAINTS CONCERNING EXORBITANT PRICE AND CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT IN TERMS OF COMMERCIAL LAW." Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 26, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1114991.
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In free market conditions, the determination of the prices of the product or service belongs to the people who supply them. In some exceptional cases, prohibitions or restrictions on prices may be envisaged. The limitation imposed by the Act no. 6585 on the Regulation of Retail Trade and the Regulation of the Unfair Price Evaluation Board, limited to the periods of emergency, disaster and economic fluctuation, and other emergencies, are also within this scope. The regulation prohibits the determination of exorbitant prices for goods and services that are obligatory to meet the basic needs of the public such as healthy living, nutrition and protection. Prices determined based on the increase in input and production costs, even if they are at an exorbitant level compared to the previous price, are not included in the scope of the ban. The aim of the study is to evaluate the concept of exorbitant price, its limits in terms of implementation, the sanctions to be applied in case of non-compliance and the situations seen as justifications in terms of price increase.
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Barashkov, A. S., and D. S. Petrosian. "The Method of Prime Costs Determination of the Model Row Goods." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 13, no. 3 (July 25, 2008): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2008.13.3.14560.
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The concept of the model row goods is introduced. These are the interchangeable goods differing by quality and price. Cognacs of various vintage years produced on one cognac factory are a typical example of such goods. For the indicated kind of the goods the method of the cost price determination of the goods of competitors is worked out and realized. The initial information for determination is the data on the prices of the goods and sales volumes.
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Moolman, E., and CB Du Toit. "Modelling price determination in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 7, no. 1 (July 23, 2004): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v7i1.1434.
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South Africa has been faced with high inflation rates since the early 1970s. Despite continued monetary discipline the inflation target has not yet been met, highlighting South Africa’s price-vulnerability as a small open emerging economy and raising questions about the efficiency of monetary policy. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to analyse the influence of monetary policy on inflation in the small open emerging economy of South Africa, (ii) to highlight the channels other than monetary policy through which inflation can be influenced (iii) to analyse the influence of international prices and the exchange rate on inflation, (iv) to determine the role of the labour market on inflation, especially through wage-push dynamics and (v) to determine the role of demand-pull factors on inflation.
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Antràs, Pol, and Robert W. Staiger. "Trade Agreements and the Nature of Price Determination." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.470.
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According to the terms-of-trade theory, negotiations over tariffs alone, coupled with an effective market access preservation rule, can bring governments to the efficiency frontier. In this paper, we show that the nature of international price determination is important for this central result of the terms-of-trade theory. While the received theory assumes that international prices are fully disciplined by aggregate market clearing conditions, we show here that support for “shallow” integration is overturned, and instead a need for “deep” integration is suggested ? wherein direct negotiations occur over both border and behind-the-border policies ? if international prices are determined through bargaining.
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Hoyyi, Abdul, Abdurakhman Abdurakhman, and Dedi Rosadi. "VARIANCE GAMMA PROCESS WITH MONTE CARLO SIMULATION AND CLOSED FORM APPROACH FOR EUROPEAN CALL OPTION PRICE DETERMINATION." MEDIA STATISTIKA 14, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.14.2.183-193.
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The Option is widely applied in the financial sector. The Black-Scholes-Merton model is often used in calculating option prices on a stock price movement. The model uses geometric Brownian motion which assumes that the data is normally distributed. However, in reality, stock price movements can cause sharp spikes in data, resulting in nonnormal data distribution. So we need a stock price model that is not normally distributed. One of the fastest growing stock price models today is the process exponential model. The process has the ability to model data that has excess kurtosis and a longer tail (heavy tail) compared to the normal distribution. One of the members of the process is the Variance Gamma (VG) process. The VG process has three parameters which each of them, to control volatility, kurtosis and skewness. In this research, the secondary data samples of options and stocks of two companies were used, namely zoom video communications, Inc. (ZM) and Nokia Corporation (NOK). The price of call options is determined by using closed form equations and Monte Carlo simulation. The Simulation was carried out for various values until convergent result was obtained.
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Wahyuningsih, Diah, and David HM Hasibuan. "Penggunaan Pola Produksi Dalam Menentukan Harga Jual Melalui Penerapan Metode Mark Up (Studi kasus pada UMKM Tepung Talas RUSMAN)." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 6, no. 2 (August 18, 2018): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v6i2.144.
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The main obstacle of the inability of MSMEs to manage and develop businesses is medium or large scale, one of which is efficient production management and the determination of selling prices that are profitable and sustainable in the face of competitors. One of them is the UMKM Tepung Talas Rusman which is a producer of complementary products with a narrow market share and high price competition, so the determination of the amount of production, calculation of production costs and the determination of the right selling price is very decisive. This study aims to determine the application of production patterns, calculation of production costs and determining the right selling price by analyzing the application of the appropriate markup method in order to be able to continue to provide benefits but still able to produce competitive prices. The results of this study show that the pattern of constant production is in accordance with the current condition of MSMEs. This study also shows the calculation of the correct production costs so that an analysis of the determination of the right selling price can be done. The right mark up method with the ability to cover all production costs creates profitability but remains competitive with the ROI Pricing method. Thus MSME TTR can guarantee the profitability and sustainability of its business.
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Noviasari, Evi, and Richad Alamsyah. "Peranan Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Pendekatan Full Costing Dalam Menentukan Harga Jual Dengan Metode Cost Plus Pricing." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 8, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v8i1.287.
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The purpose of this study were to know the role of calculation cost of goods manufactured and determination of the selling price of shoes in the Heriyanto’s shoes MSME. To knowing the extent of differences in determination the cost of goods manufactured by using the company method and the full costing approach and compare the selling price according to the company's method with using the Cost Plus Pricing.
The type of research used is qualitative research. The analytical method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis. The data used in this study are primary data. Data were obtained directly through observation and interviews with the Heriyanto’s shoes MSME and data in the form of information on production costs such as raw material costs, labor costs, and factory overhead costs MSME during December 2018. While for secondary data. Data were obtained from intermediary media such as books or literature, journals related to the title of the research, and can also be via the internet. The results of the study it can be concluded that the cost of goods manufactured calculation according Heriyanto’s MSME is lower than the cost of goods manufactured calculation using the full costing method. The cost of goods manufactured according heriyanto’s MSME is Rp. 15.675/pair or Rp. 313.492/score (Hamer Material) and Rp. 14.600/pair or Rp. 291.992/score (Kavaro Material). While the cost of goods manufactured used the full costing method, which is Rp. 16.310/pair or Rp. 326.201/score (Hamer Material) and Rp. 15.235/pair or Rp. 304.701/score (Kavaro Material). This is caused factory overhead costs that are not calculate by Heriyanto’s MSME such as electricity costs, gas costs, maintenance costs for machinery and factory vehicles, and depreciation costs.
Determination of selling price must be appropriately because the determination of selling prices that are too high will result in difficulty competition with similar products while the determination of selling prices too low will result in reduced income generated by Heriyanto’s MSME. The difference in determination the cost of good manufactured will affect the Heriyanto’s MSME in determining the selling price, because the cost of goods manufactured is the main element in determination selling price. Calculation of selling prices according Heriyanto’s MSME is Rp. 18.026/pair or Rp. 360.516/score (Hamer Material) and Rp. 16.790/pair or Rp. 335.791/score (Kavaro material). While the selling price used the Cost Plus Pricing method which is Rp. 18.814/pair or Rp. 376.281/score (Hamer Material) and Rp. 17.578/pair or Rp. 351.556/score (Kavaro material).
Keywords : Cost of Goods manufactured, Selling Price, Full Costing, Cost Plus Pricing
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Manchikatla, Prananditha. "Expert System for Price Determination." International Journal of Computer Applications 182, no. 43 (March 15, 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019918543.
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Yusnaidi. "PRICE DETERMINATION ACCORDING TO FIQH." Al-Iqtishadiah: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 3, no. 1 (June 12, 2022): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/iqtishadiah.v3i1.1761.
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Pelaksanaan kegiatan ekonomi yang adil dan makmur akan tercapai apabila masyarakat telah merasakan terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok dalam hidup. Terpenuhinya kebutuhan pokok sangat erat kaitannya dengan nilai jual barang yang dapat di jangkau oleh masyarakat. Nilai jual barang tidak terlepas dari penentuan harga (tas’ir) oleh pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan usahanya. Harga barang yang tinggi tentunya berdampak terhadap perekonomian masyarakat. Penentuan harga barang dalam kegiatan ekonomi harus menjadi perhatian pemerintah, agar nilai jual barang menjadi terkendali dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, namun juga tidak merugikan pelaku usaha. Dalam sistem perekonomian Islam memberikan batasan-batasan sesuai ketentuan syariat dalam penentuan harga terhadap suatu nilai barang. Dalam kajian ini akan membahas tentang penentuan harga (tas’ir), menganalisa definisi berdasarkan dalil ayat dan dalil hadis, serta menganalisa beberapa pendapat ulama terkait dengan penentuan harga (tas’ir) dalam sistem perekonomian. Kajian ini juga membahas tentang hukum penentuan harga (tas’ir) pada kondisi normal dan hukum penentuan harga (tas’ir) pada kondisi tidak normal. Kajian ini menggunakan metodelogi penelitian normatif analisis dengan jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian kepustakaan.
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Heeho Kim, Lee,Jai-Min, 조성훈, and Park,Se-Won. "Determination of Auction Price Discount." KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU 19, no. 2 (June 2013): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17298/kky.2013.19.2.004.
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Yaniv, Gideon. "Shoplifting, monitoring and price determination." Journal of Socio-Economics 38, no. 4 (August 2009): 608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.03.005.
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Petursson, Thorarinn G. "Price determination and rational expectations." International Journal of Finance & Economics 3, no. 2 (April 1998): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1158(199804)3:2<157::aid-ijfe73>3.0.co;2-r.
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Sari, Ratna. "Analysis of the Effect of Earnings per share, Price earning ratio and Price to book value on the stock prices of state-owned enterprises." Golden Ratio of Finance Management 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v1i1.117.
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This study aims to (1) determine the effect of earnings per share on stock prices, (2) determine the effect of price-earnings ratio on stock prices, (3 determine the effect of price to book value on stock prices, (4) find out whether earnings per share, price earning ratio, and price to book value have a simultaneous effect on stock prices. This study uses secondary data through data sources and the Indonesian stock exchange that have been published by companies, as many as nine companies within five years. This research was conducted within the research period. From August to October 2020. Methods: the analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, partial test, simultaneous test, and coefficient of determination. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 23 software program. The results of this study state that (1) Earning Per Share has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, (2) price earning ratio has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, (3) price to book value has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, (4) Earning Per Share, price earning ratio, debt to equity, price to book value simultaneously affects the stock price. Therefore, construction companies are expected to improve their performance to increase stock prices further.
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Yollanda, Mutia, Dodi Devianto, and Putri Permathasari. "Modeling of Indonesia Composite Index using Artificial Neural Network and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline." Jurnal Matematika "MANTIK" 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/mantik.2019.5.2.112-122.
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The Indonesian Composite Stock Price Index is an indicator of changes in stock prices are a guide for investors to invest in reducing risk. Fluctuations in stock data tend to violate the assumptions of normality, homoscedasticity, autocorrelation, and multicollinearity. This problem can be overcome by modelling the Composite Stock Price Index uses an artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS). In this study, the time-series data from the Composite Stock Price Index starting in April 2003 to March 2018 with its predictor variables are crude oil prices, interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, gold prices, Down Jones, and Nikkei 225. Based on the coefficient of determination, the determination coefficient of ANN is 0.98925, and the MARS determination coefficient is 0.99427. While based on the MAPE value, MAPE value of ANN was obtained, namely 6.16383 and MAPE value of MARS, which was 4.51372. This means that the ANN method and the good MARS method are used to forecast the value of the Indonesian Composite Stock Index in the future, but the MARS method shows the accuracy of the model is slightly better than ANN.
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Siagian, Ade Onny, Ninuk Riesmiyantiningtias, and Rizky Amalia. "Impact of Dividend Policy Analysis on Fluctuations in Stock Price of Food and Beverage Companies." International Journal of Informatics, Economics, Management and Science 1, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.52362/ijiems.v1i1.667.
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This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy on stock prices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results of the research of PT Sekar Laut, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained the value of the coefficient = 0.33 which means that it has a very weak relationship or there is no relationship between dividend policy and stock price movements and the coefficient of determination is 10.89%, which means the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuation was only 10.89%, the remaining 89.11% was caused by other factors and for PT. Ultra Jaya, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained the coefficient of determination 0.96, meaning that dividends per share have a strong relationship with stock price movements, and the coefficient of determination is 92.16%, which means that the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 92.16%, the rest is 92.16%. 7.84% caused by other factors, as well as for PT. Ades Alfindo Putra Setia, from the results of the calculation of the correlation analysis obtained a coefficient of 0.86 (the value of r is close to a positive and strong number) with a determination coefficient of 73.96%, then the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 73.96%, the remaining 26.04% caused by other factors. The value of 96 (the value of r is close to one) means that dividend per share has a strong relationship with stock price movements, and the coefficient of determination is 92.16%, which means that the effect of dividend policy on stock price fluctuations is 92.16% and the remaining 7.84% is caused by factors
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Dorosh, Paul, and Abdul Salam. "Wheat Markets and Price Stabilisation in Pakistan: An Analysis of Policy Options." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i1pp.71-87.
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This article provides a quantitative analysis of the effects of Pakistan government domestic wheat procurement, sales, and trade policies on wheat supply, demand, prices, and overall inflation. Analysis of price multipliers indicates that increases in wheat procurement prices (one means of promoting domestic procurement) have relatively small effects on the overall consumer price index. Partial equilibrium analysis of wheat markets suggests that fluctuations in production, rather than market manipulation, are plausible explanations for price increases in recent years. Comparisons of domestic and international prices suggest that promoting private sector imports is one alternative for increasing supply and stabilising market prices, particularly in years of production shortfalls. Overall, this paper concludes that market forces play a dominant role in price determination in Pakistan, and that policies that promote the private sector wheat trade can both increase price stability and reduce fiscal costs.
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Hoang, Duc Huu, Lan Thi Pham, Ha Thu Thi Le, Phi Hoang Nguyen, Hai Quoc Duong, Huynh Hoang Luu, Cuong Duy Khuat, and Hieu Thanh Nguyen. "Application GIS technology to determine the land price in Ward 10, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(4).06.
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Determination of land price is one of the most important land management roles. Land prices and changes of land prices are evident in the real estate market. The real estate market plays an important role in the economy of Vietnam. Recently, when the population is increasing, leading to increased housing demand. The distribution of the population is concentrated in big cities. Then the demand for land information, especially land prices are always interested by people. However, real information on land price is always lacking and virtual. If people want the real estate market to develop well, information on land price must be clear and adequate. The land price area map satisfies those requirements. Land price zone map helps managers about land effectively and the land price map also helps the people - participants in the real estate market to grasp the most reliable information of land prices. GIS technology is applied in the paper to zone land prices using land price information collecting in Ward 10, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City
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Moniung, Jennifer T. M., Jantje J. Tinangon, and Meily Y. B. Kalalo. "PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUK DAN PENERAPAN COST PLUS PRICING METHOD DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL PADA RUMAH MAKAN IKAN BAKAR DABU-DABU LEMONG." GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/gc.15.1.27824.2020.
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Determination of the selling price is very influential to maintain the continuity of a company. The selling price offered by the company must be right, because if the selling price offered is too high then the consumer will think twice and switch to another company, and vice versa if the price offered is too low then the costs incurred by the company cannot be covered even will loss. Cost-plus pricing is one of the methods used in determining the price of a product or service to be sold. Cost-plus pricing is a method of determining selling prices by adding expected profits above the full future costs of producing and marketing products. The aim of this research is to find out the Determination of the Cost of Products and the Implementation of the cost plus pricing method in the Determination of the Selling Price in the Dabu-Dabu Lemong Grilled Fish Restaurant. The results showed that there were differences in the analysis results between the two approaches in the cost plus pricing method. The final analysis results obtained, the selling price formed by variable costing is higher than the full costing approach. But when viewed from the cost of production, the variable costing approach produces a lower value compared to full costing. The selling price set by the current owner has a difference if calculated using the cost plus pricing method. Broadly speaking, the selling price set by the current owner is not a favorable price when compared to the selling price calculated.
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Zeren, Fatma, and Levent Korap. "A cost-based empirical model of the aggregate price determination for the Turkish economy: A multivariate cointegration approach." Panoeconomicus 57, no. 2 (2010): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1002173z.
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This paper tries to examine the long run relationships between the aggregate consumer prices and some cost-based components for the Turkish economy. Based on a simple economic model of the macro-scaled price formation, multivariate cointegration techniques have been applied to test whether the real data support the a priori model construction. The results reveal that all of the factors, related to the price determination, have a positive impact on the consumer prices as expected. We find that the most significant component contributing to the price setting is the nominal exchange rate depreciation. We also cannot reject the linear homogeneity of the sum of all the price data as to the domestic inflation. The paper concludes that the Turkish consumer prices have in fact a strong cost-push component that contributes to the aggregate pricing.
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Benigno, Pierpaolo. "A Central Bank Theory of Price Level Determination." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 258–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190008.
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This paper develops a theory in which the central bank can control the price level without fiscal backing. It is shown that the remittances policy and the balance sheet of the central bank are important elements to specify. A central bank that is appropriately capitalized can succeed in controlling prices by setting the interest rate on reserves, holding short-term assets, and rebating its income to the treasury from which it has to maintain financial independence. (JEL E31, E52, E58)
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Baek, Jungho, and Won W. Koo. "Price Dynamics in the North American Wheat Market." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 35, no. 2 (October 2006): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500006717.
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Perron's test, Johansen cointegration analysis, and a vector error-correction (VEC) model are used to identify structural change, as well as to examine price dynamics in the U. S. and Canadian hard red spring (HRS) and durum wheat markets. It is found that, due to the U. S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP), price instability experienced in June 1986 has resulted in structural changes for Canadian HRS and durum prices. We also find that Canadian prices have significant effects on the determination of the U. S. prices in the North American wheat market.
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Gal, Peter, Attila Jambor, and Sandor Kovacs. "Regional determinants of Hungarian wine prices: The role of geographical indications, objective quality and individual reputation." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-8880.
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Analysing the determinants of wine prices has always been a field of interest in the wine economics literature. By estimating hedonic price functions, however, most papers generally remain at the country level with regions generally neglected or treated as simple dummy variables. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of wine prices at the regional level by using Latent Variable Path Modelling with Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Analysis on the example of Hungarian wines. This approach is able to capture the regional specialties of wine production and provides a better insight into price determination. Results suggest that intrinsic values play a major but ambiguous role in determining regional wine prices, especially in the case of sugar content. It also becomes apparent that specific Geographical Indications (GIs) play a crucial role in price determination, instead of GI use per se. Moreover, individual brands also have an important role, as Tier1 and Tier2 wineries tend to sell their wines at higher prices and in smaller batch sizes.
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Rahardjo, Soemarso Slamet. "The Role of Speculative Factor in the Indonesian Stock Price Determination." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 61, no. 1 (April 11, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/efi.v61i1.498.
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This study observes the speculative element in the price determination and its mean reverting pattern. The existence of speculative element in the Indonesian stock market price determination was proven. Exponential Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) method indicates the non-stationary process of the residuals. There are systematic as well as unsystematic component embedded in the speculative behavior. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) concludes that prices contain volatilities in the short run, but, it will revert to the mean in the long run. Investors’ behavior are neutral toward expected gain vis a vis losses in a stock trading.
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Wnorowski, Henryk. "Assorted Methods of Making of Pricing Decisions in an Enterprise." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 37, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0028.
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Abstract Decisions concerning price development are best visible in view of their direct impact on the market activities of the company and the general level of profitability. In every activity, the success is measured by an excess of sales revenue over the costs of used resources. In an ideal case, a determined price provides the highest margin resulting from an analysis of the sales volume, takes into consideration the customer's evaluation of the product/service, and allows to react to competitive threats and to fend off the competition's attacks. There is no single universal way to develop prices for various enterprise types, regardless of the conditions of demand, the specific character of the sector they operate in, or the competitive situation, even if we assume that the enterprise has only one goal of activity. That's why, Author recommends three price determination methods. The ways of price determination presented in this article are just the first step on the way to reach the optimal prices. The prices determined in such way, as well as product or service prices already functioning in the market, are subject to modification depending on the assumed goals, taking into consideration the character of demand for a given commodity and the behaviour of the competition.
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Sugianto, Sugianto. "Behind the Selling Price Determination in Commercial Photography Service Practice." Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v5i1.1845.
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The photography industry is part of the creative economy, especially the process of determining the selling price of a product is the main focus of photographers in setting product prices. The study aims to determine the effect of value, profit, and cost on the practice of setting the selling price of products in the commercial photography business. It uses a qualitative approach with a netnographic method. The results of the study show that the determination of the selling price can be based on values and culture, as well as the philosophy of thought that exists in society, where a phase in business is not always about profit, but more than that. It means that the profession is not only talking about profits, but how the profession is lived, enjoyed.
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Elder-Vass, Dave. "No price without value: towards a theory of value and price." Cambridge Journal of Economics 43, no. 6 (August 17, 2019): 1485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez040.
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Abstract The relationship between value and price, a central focus of classical political economy, has fallen into the shadows of neglect in contemporary economics. This paper builds on a critical realist framework and findings from the economics of conventions and the sociology of valuation to develop a theory of value that returns to the relation between value and price. It argues that value is best understood as a view of the price that something ought to exchange at, and that these views are shaped normatively by a host of lay theories of value and the groups and organisations that advance them. Through their effects on our assessments of value, these theories also influence the determination of prices. Although prices in open systems are determined by many interacting factors, lay theories of value play a crucial role in the process.
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Syukhron, Rifqi Aliza, Aprih Santoso, and Ardiani Ika Sulistyawati. "Early Detection of Determination Factors Stock Price Increase." SENTRALISASI 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/sl.v11i1.1490.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CR, ROE, DER, ROA on stock prices of pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on IDX) 2013-2019. The population of this research is all pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on IDX during 2013-2019, which amount to 8 companies. The technique of determining the sample is by purposive sampling. The test instruments used in this research are: normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, coefficient of determination, model test (F test) and hypothesis test (t test). The data analysis method used multiple linear regression. The results show that there is no influence between CR, DER and ROE on stock prices in pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on IDX in 2013-2019. . There is a positive and significant influence between ROA on the company's stock price, in the pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on IDX in 2013-2019).
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Primajati, Gilang, M. Najib Rodhi, and Adrian Juniarta Hidayat. "Barrier Options Model for Agricultural Commodity Price Protection." Jurnal Varian 4, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/varian.v4i1.856.
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Application of barrier options for determining insurance premiums for agricultural commodity prices due to lower selling prices by applying certain barrier levels. In determining the price of insurance premiums for agricultural commodity prices such as rice, the price is assumed to follow the Brown Geometric Motion and for the determination of the barrier level line the researcher uses the Brown Bridge Motion so that there is a relationship between Bridge and Barrier. In conclusion, we obtain a model to determine the number of insurance premiums. The barrier option model approach is used to construct a fairer formula for insurance premiums on agricultural commodity prices.
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F Firdaus, Venus, Mohammad Iman Nugroho, and Nursina Nursina. "Application of the Fixed Effect Model to Measuring Variables Affecting Stock Price in Companies in the Property and Real Estate Industry Sector." Journal of Accounting and Finance Management 3, no. 6 (February 22, 2023): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v3i6.181.
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To determine the effect of company size, price book value, and profitability ratio on stock prices, a comparative causal study was carried out with a sample of 11 property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 – 2021 which have complete financial statements. Correlation and regression analysis multiplied using Eviews 9 software. The results of this study indicate that the t test proves that company size has a positive direction but has no effect and is not significant on stock prices. Meanwhile, Price Book Value (PBV) and Profitability Ratios are negative and have no but significant effect on stock prices (share). Research with the F test proves that simultaneously firm size, price book value, and profitability ratios affect stock prices. The coefficient of determination test shows the size of the company, price book value, and the ratio of profitability to stock price of 85.70% while 14.3% is the contribution of other factors.
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Shafer, Carl E. "Price and Value Effects of Pecan Crop Forecasts, 1971–1987." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 21, no. 1 (July 1989): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200000959.
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AbstractPrice equations incorporating USDA October crop forecasts and June pecan stocks provided reasonable formulations for pecan price explanation and forecasting. USDA crop forecasts exceeded final reported production in 12 of the 18 seasons from 1970 to 1987, probably resulting in slightly lower prices and crop values. Large crop forecast errors in both direction and level in 1986 and 1987 confounded the price determination process. Nevertheless, producer prices may have been lower absent the October crop forecasts, which somewhat reduce buyers' uncertainty regarding supply. Early crop estimates provided a better explanation of price behavior than postseason revised production data.
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Brorsen, B. Wade, Jean-Paul Chavas, and Warren R. Grant. "Market Structure and Spatial Price Dynamics." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 2 (December 1991): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200018185.
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AbstractA method was developed with time series models to test hypotheses about the relationship between market structure and spatial price dynamics. Long-run dynamic multipliers measuring the magnitude of lagged adjustment for spatial milled rice prices were calculated from the time series model and used as the dependent variable in a regression model that included a number of factors expected to influence price determination. Results show that price adjustments were slower as regional submarket concentration increased and were faster in the regions with a higher market share. Arkansas, the state with the largest market share, was consistently a price leader.