Relevant bibliographies by topics / Price divergence

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Price divergence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Price divergence"

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Ucak, H. "  Producer price disparities in the EU agriculture: divergence or convergence?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 8 (August 22, 2012): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2011-agricecon.

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The issue of price disparities in the EU commodity markets has given rise to a fair amount of empirical and theoretical research. Price convergence studies were generally on the aggregate level, and investigated the convergence of inflation among countries. This study aims to investigate the convergence of agricultural price disparities among the EU member states, based on different individual agricultural products. The analysis shows the existence of agricultural price convergence among the EU member states since 1991, even including some countries were not members of the EU. Furthermore, the speed of convergence differs among agricultural products and also between the sub-periods as 1991–2000 and 2000–2008.
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Schneider, Paul, and Fabio Trojani. "Divergence and the Price of Uncertainty*." Journal of Financial Econometrics 17, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 341–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nby021.

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Abstract Realized divergence measures the distinct realized moments associated with time-varying uncertainty. It is tradeable with divergence swaps engineered from delta-hedged option portfolios. Implied divergence decomposes the price of uncertainty into distinct implied moments, in a way that is consistent with established notions of a deviation from put-call symmetry in option markets. Empirically, market implied divergence and divergence risk premia vary substantially, in the time series, cross-sectionally and as a function of the investment horizon. Such variations can help to make the potential shortcomings of a model more directly visible.
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Cheung, William Ming Yan, Adrian Lei, and Libin Tao. "Corporate governance and the divergence of learning channels." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3p1.

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We study the relation between corporate governance, market liquidity and stock price informativeness. Firms with more informative stock prices are associated with larger transaction volume, larger bid-ask spread and better corporate governance. Thisliquidity-informativeness relation is significant for firms with high antitakeover provision (bad corporate governance). However, bid-ask spread is insignificantly associated withprice informativeness for firms with less antitakeover provision (good corporate governance). This supports that firm-specific return variation better measures stock price informativeness when firm has strong corporate governance framework. Our results suggest that (i) more (less) informed trading activities associated with weak (strong) corporate governance, and (ii) corporate governance explains the cross-sectional variation in information efficiency of stock prices. Our results are consistent with theories in financial market learning that investor learn from informed trading activities associated with weak governance firms and informative disclosure from strong governance firms.
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Gray, David. "The size-growth relationship: a test of house price growth across the regions of the British Isles." Journal of European Real Estate Research 13, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-10-2019-0033.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose that a Neave-Worthington Match Test for Ordered Alternatives is a simple, non-parametric test that can be used to consider Gibrat’s law. Whether the law, that states that the proportional rate of growth is independent of absolute size, is supported by regional house price growth rates is considered. The Match Test is further used to test the applicability of beta-convergence and dual economy models to a house price context. Design/methodology/approach The Match Test relates an actual rank order with an expected one. Gibrat’s law implies house price growth rates are independent of the absolute price levels. Beta-convergence posits that growth rates are inversely related to the initial price level. With a divergent system, there is a direct relationship between size-order and growth rates. As such, the Match Test is used to test alternative models of size-growth relationship. Findings Rather than convergence, there is a tendency to diverge across the UK, but not in Eire. That said, the size of growth shocks is related to price level on the upswing of a price cycle, but not in the down. Assigning the high-priced regions of the two islands into core and the rest into a periphery, total matching is dominated by the capital cities’ growth. The sigma-convergence observed in British house prices is likely to be associated with slower beta-divergence, not a convergent system. The law of Gibrat is not found to apply in a regional house price context. Research limitations/implications This work only covers two countries and nineteen regions. Gibrat’s law in regional house prices may be better examined using a multi-country analysis. Practical implications As the law of Gibrat is not found to apply in a regional house price context and core-regions appearing to dislocated, this has interesting implications for growth trend analysis and the claim of cointegration, which should be explored further. In particular, the level-growth relationship in the cyclical price upswing points to a ratcheting of differentials between high and low house price regions. The common trends in the long run may result from corrective periodic crashes. Not an ideal mechanism for policymakers. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper makes a novel use of the Neave-Worthington test in the realm of regional convergence-divergence and in the first consideration of the law of Gibrat in a house price context across two countries.
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Borghesi, Richard. "PRICE BIASES IN A PREDICTION MARKET: NFL CONTRACTS ON TRADESPORTS." Journal of Prediction Markets 1, no. 3 (December 14, 2012): 23–253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v1i3.431.

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We examine deviations between the prices and values of binary options listed on Tradesports.com, an online prediction market. Our analysis shows that NFL sides contracts are overpriced on average, indicating that this market may be characterized by a shortage of sellers. We also find that overpricing is more pronounced immediately after information shocks occur, especially when the news is negative. Additionally, while prior research suggests that differences between asset prices and values should be symmetric around the market-price-midpoint of $50, we find that this divergence is instead larger for low-priced contracts. Finally, we demonstrate that a simple rule designed to exploit the identified biases enables a highly profitable trading strategy.
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Jangam, Bhushan Praveen, and Vaseem Akram. "DO PRICES CONVERGE AMONG INDONESIAN CITIES? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 22, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v22i3.1152.

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We investigate consumer price convergence for 82 Indonesian cities using monthly data from 2014 to 2019. To do so, we employ recent techniques of club convergence and weak sigma convergence. The results reveal, first, consumer price divergence, implying price rigidities across the cities. Second, we find four clubs, suggesting that Indonesian cities converge along four unique transition paths. Third, we find weak evidence of consumer price convergence, suggesting that prices among Indonesian cities adjust, but not freely. Policy should therefore consider unique convergence paths for each club to promote stronger consumer price convergence.
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Stummer, Wolfgang. "Some Divergence Properties of Asset Price Models." Entropy 3, no. 5 (December 20, 2001): 300–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e3050300.

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Moon, Seongman. "Sectoral Price Divergence between Korea and Japan." East Asian Economic Review 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.11644/kiep.eaer.2016.20.4.319.

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Huttin, Christine. "Drug Price Divergence In Europe: Regulatory Aspects." Health Affairs 18, no. 3 (May 1999): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.3.245.

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Eleftheriou, Maria, and Nikolas A. Müller-Plantenberg. "Price level convergence and purchasing power divergence." International Finance 21, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infi.12118.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price divergence"

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Alcaraz, Rafael. "Price Divergence in the Gasoline Store Industry: Theoretical and Empirical Considerations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin965226377.

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Ellanskaya, Anastasia. "Utility maximisation and utility indifference pricing for exponential semimartingale models." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0061.

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Dans cette thèse nous considérons le problème de la maximisation d’utilité et de la formation des prix d’indifférence pour les modèles semimartingales exponentiels dépendant d’un facteur aléatoire ξ. L’enjeu est de résoudre le problème des prix d’indifférence en utilisant le grossissement de l’espace et de la filtration. Nous réduisons le problème de maximisation dans la filtration élargie au problème conditionnel, sachant {ξ = v}, que nous résolvons en utilisant une approche duale. Pour HARA-utilités nous introduisons les informations telles que les entropies relatives et les intégrales de type Hellinger, ainsi que les processus d’information correspondants, enfin d’exprimer, via ces processus, l’utilité maximal. En particulier, nous étudions les modèles de Lévy exponentiels, où les processus d’information sont déterministes ce que simplifie considèrablement les calculs des prix d’indiffrence. Enfin, nous appliquons les rèsultats au modèle du mouvement brownien géométrique et au modèle de diffusion-sauts qui inclut le mouvement brownien et les processus de Poisson. Dans les cas d’utilité logarithmique, de puissance et exponentielle, nous fournissons les formules explicites des informations, et puis, en utilisant les méthodes numériques, nous résolvons les équations pour obtenir les prix d’indifférence en cas de vente d’une option européenne
This thesis explores the utility maximisation problem and indifference pricing for exponential semimartingale models depending on a random factor ξ. The main idea to solve indifference pricing problem consists in the enlargement of the space and filtration. We reduce the maximization problem on the enlarged filtration to the conditional one, given {ξ = v}, which we solve using dual approach. For HARA-utilities we introduce the information quantities such that the relative entropies, Hellinger type integrals, and the corresponding information processes, and we express the maximal utility via these processes. As a particular case, we study exponential Levy models, where the information processes are deterministic and this fact simplify very much indifference price calculus. Finally, we apply the results to Geometric Brownian motion model and jump-diffusion model which incorporates Brownian motion and Poisson process. In the cases of logarithmic, power and exponential utilities, we provide the explicit formulae of information quantities and using the numerical methods we solve the equations for the seller’s and buyer’s indifference prices of European put option
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Erturk, Bilal. "Divergence of opinions, short sales, and asset prices." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1790.

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Chatoux, Hermine. "Prise en compte métrologique de la couleur dans un contexte de classification et d'indexation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2267/document.

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Cette thèse aborde la question du traitement correct et complet de la couleur selon les contraintes métrologiques. Le manque d’approches adaptées a justifié la reformulation principaux outils de traitement d’images que sont le gradient, la détection et la description de points d’intérêt. Les approches proposées sont génériques : indépendantes du nombre de canaux d’acquisition (de la couleur à l’hyper-spectral), de la plage spectrale considérée et prenant en compte les courbes de sensibilité spectrales du capteur ou de l’œil.Le full-vector gradient nait de cet objectif métrologique. La preuve de concept est effectuée sur des images couleurs, multi et hyper-spectrales. L’extension développée pour l’analyse de la déficience visuelle ouvre également de nombreuses s perspectives intéressantes pour l’analyse du système visuel humain. Ce gradient est au cœur de la proposition d’un détecteur de points d’intérêt, lui aussi générique. Nous montrons la nécessité d’un choix mathématiquement valide de la distance entre attributs et l’importance de la cohérence de la paire attribut/distance. Une paire attribut/distance complète l’ensemble.Pour chaque développement, nous proposons des protocoles objectifs de validation liés à des générateurs d’images de synthèse explorant toute la complexité spatio-chromatique possible. Notre hypothèse est que la difficulté d’extraction du gradient/des points d’intérêts… est liée à la complexité de discrimination des distributions couleur dans la zone de traitement. Une confrontation aux approches courantes du domaine a été également mise en œuvre
The PhD thesis objective is to study a colour’s correct and complete processing, respecting metrological constraint. The lack of compatible approaches justified that we reformulate the main image processing tools that are gradient, key point detector and descriptor. The proposed approaches are generic: channel count independent and taking the sensor’s or eye’s sensitivity curves into account.The full-vector gradient is born from this metrological objective. Proof of concept was realised on colour, multi and hyper-spectral images. The extension developed for human vision deficiency opens interesting perspectives to study of the human vision system. This gradient is the centre of the key point detector proposition, also generic.We also showed how necessary was a mathematically valid choice of distance between features. We revealed the importance of the pair feature/distance and completed the work with a pair: RC2O/Kulback-Leibler divergence based on colour differences.For each development, we propose unbiased validation protocols linked to synthetic images generators exploring the most spatial-chromatic complexity possible. Our hypothesis being that the extraction difficulty comes from the discrimination complexity between colour distributions in the processing area. We also compared our proposition to state of the art approaches in recurring datasets/protocols
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Fürst, Henrik. "Emotionerna stolthet och skam och de divergerande multiplexa sociala banden : En intervjustudie av tre ungdomars sociala nätverk av sociala band och dess oscillation mellan att existera på och utanför Internet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8688.

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The purpose of this qualitative study has been; how social bonds are interlaced between the social worlds contained within the analytical division of “outside Internet” and “within Internet”. What happens with the social bond as the individual oscillate between this analytic bisection? This purpose raises important questions of the use of Internet in everyday life.

A new stance is taken toward studying the Internets integration into everyday life. The focus is adjusted to the importance of emotions. Emotions of pride and shame will be treated as the signals of social bonds state and will indicate the resistance or openness of this integration. Goffmans theory on face-work will be used as a complement. A cognitive approach on social bonds will assist the emotional approach. This is interwoven with a perspective for understanding Internet as a medium in form rather than only to focus on the “content”.

The conclusion consists of a required consistency between the quality of the social bond on the Internet and outside the Internet. The fear of inconsistency had to do with a threat of loss of face, not to come in conflict with established norms from outside the Internet. Development of close and intimate social bonds on the Internet that didn’t have a counterpart or was in inconsistency with the social bond outside Internet, lead to shame that threatened the social bond. The integration of Internet in everyday life is therefore not accomplished. Still, a new generation with instant access to the Internet is to be primary socialized under new conditions.

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Al, Hage Joelle. "Fusion de données tolérante aux défaillances : application à la surveillance de l’intégrité d’un système de localisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10074/document.

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L'intérêt des recherches dans le domaine de la fusion de données multi-capteurs est en plein essor en raison de la diversité de ses secteurs d'applications. Plus particulièrement, dans le domaine de la robotique et de la localisation, l'exploitation des différentes informations fournies par les capteurs constitue une étape primordiale afin d'assurer une estimation fiable de la position. Dans ce contexte de fusion de données multi-capteurs, nous nous attachons à traiter le diagnostic, menant à l'identification de la cause d'une défaillance, et la tolérance de l'approche proposée aux défauts de capteurs, peu abordés dans la littérature.Nous avons fait le choix de développer une approche basée sur un formalisme purement informationnel : filtre informationnel d'une part, et outils de la théorie de l'information d'autre part. Des résidus basés sur la divergence de Kullback-Leibler sont développés. Via des méthodes optimisées de seuillage, ces résidus conduisent à la détection et à l'exclusion de ces défauts capteurs. La théorie proposée est éprouvée sur deux applications de localisation. La première application concerne la localisation collaborative, tolérante aux défauts d'un système multi-robots. La seconde application traite de la localisation en milieu ouvert utilisant un couplage serré GNSS/odométrie tolérant aux défauts
The interest of research in the multi-sensor data fusion field is growing because of its various applications sectors. Particularly, in the field of robotics and localization, the use of different sensors informations is a vital step to ensure a reliable position estimation. In this context of multi-sensor data fusion, we consider the diagnosis, leading to the identification of the cause of a failure, and the sensors faults tolerance aspect, discussed in limited work in the literature. We chose to develop an approach based on a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory on the other. Residuals based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are developed. These residuals allow to detect and to exclude the faulty sensors through optimized thresholding methods. This theory is tested in two applications. The first application is the fault tolerant collaborative localization of a multi-robot system. The second application is the localization in outdoor environments using a tightly coupled GNSS/odometer with a fault tolerant aspect
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Daher, Mohamad. "Fusion multi-capteurs tolérante aux fautes pour un niveau d'intégrité élevé du suivi de la personne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10136/document.

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Environ un tiers des personnes âgées vivant à domicile souffrent d'une chute chaque année. Les chutes les plus graves se produisent lorsque la personne est seule et incapable de se lever, ce qui entraîne un grand nombre de personnes âgées admis au service de gériatrique et un taux de mortalité malheureusement élevé. Le système PAL (Personally Assisted Living) apparaît comme une des solutions de ce problème. Ce système d’intelligence ambiante permet aux personnes âgées de vivre dans un environnement intelligent et pro-actif. Le travail de cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de suivi des personnes âgées avec un maintien à domicile, la reconnaissance quotidienne des activités et le système automatique de détection des chutes à l'aide d'un ensemble de capteurs non intrusifs qui accorde l'intimité et le confort aux personnes âgées. En outre, une méthode de fusion tolérante aux fautes est proposée en utilisant un formalisme purement informationnel: filtre informationnel d’une part, et outils de la théorie de l’information d’autre part. Des résidus basés sur la divergence de Kullback-Leibler sont utilisés. Via un seuillage adéquat, ces résidus conduisent à la détection et à l’exclusion des défauts capteurs. Les algorithmes proposés ont été validés avec plusieurs scénarii différents contenant les différentes activités: marcher, s’asseoir, debout, se coucher et tomber. Les performances des méthodes développées ont montré une sensibilité supérieure à 94% pour la détection de chutes de personnes et plus de 92% pour la discrimination entre les différentes ADL (Activités de la vie quotidienne)
About one third of home-dwelling older people suffer a fall each year. The most painful falls occur when the person is alone and unable to get up, resulting in huge number of elders which are associated with institutionalization and high morbidity-mortality rate. The PAL (Personally Assisted Living) system appears to be one of the solutions of this problem. This ambient intelligence system allows elderly people to live in an intelligent and pro-active environment. This thesis describes the ongoing work of in-home elder tracking, activities daily living recognition, and automatic fall detection system using a set of non-intrusive sensors that grants privacy and comfort to the elders. In addition, a fault-tolerant fusion method is proposed using a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand, and information theory tools on the other hand. Residues based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are used. Using an appropriate thresholding, these residues lead to the detection and the exclusion of sensors faults. The proposed algorithms were validated with many different scenarios containing the different activities: walking, sitting, standing, lying down, and falling. The performances of the developed methods showed a sensitivity of more than 94% for the fall detection of persons and more than 92% for the discrimination between the different ADLs (Activities of the daily life)
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Fu, Pen Jen, and 潘建福. "Foreign ownership restrictions, stock price divergence and return interaction - China and Thai stock markets." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48630260064629563554.

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碩士
輔仁大學
金融研究所
86
Title of Thesis : Foreign ownership restrictions, stock price divergence and return interaction - China and Thai stock markets Name of Institute : Graduate Institute of Finance, Fu-Jen Catholic University Graduated Date : June 1998 Name of Student : Pen Jen Fu Advisor : Dr. Yin-Hua Yeh Total Pages : 118 Abstract This study first investigates and compares the reasons for the phenomenon of price premia(discount) of A shares(Main board stock) resulting from the dual listings for A shares(Main board) and B shares(Alien board) both in Mainland China stock markets(Shanghai and Shenzen) and Thai stock market. Secondly, this study analyzes why the A shares price premia(discount) will sometimes reverse to discount(premia) both in Mainland China stock markets and Thai stock markets. Besides this study also explores the impact of A shares price premia shock and volatility on A shares returns and B shares returns in Mainland China stock markets. This study is different from prior researches, including:(1)By using pooling time series and cross sectional regression analysis, this study tries to explain the reversal price premia(discount) of A shares(Main board stock)in Mainland China markets and Thai stock market.(2)In view of time-varying in A shares price premia, this study advances a innovation in time-series approach by using VAR model and multi-variable GARCH model to measure how the Shenzen A share price premia are affected by market risk. About the the empirical results of explanation resulted in Main board price premia, including :(1) Information variable can both explain the variation of A shares price premia in Mainland China stock markets ,and of Main board price premia in Thai stock market, especially in Shenzen stock market.(2) Liquidity also can explain the part of variation of A shares price premia in Mainland China stock market;and market risk has impact on the variation of A shares price premia in Shenzen stock market.(3)The degree of the international diversification effects explain the Main board stock price discount is the highest. Furthermore, the empirical results of the pooling time series and cross section regression analysis indicate that: (1)Liquidity is the best factor to explain the reversal price premia(discount) of A share (Main board stock ) in Mainland China and Thai stock markets.(2)International diversification effects also can explain the property of time-variation in A shares price premia. In Thai stock market, market risk and noise trader are the factors resulted in reversal of Main board discount in Thai stock market. To sum up, liquidity and information variable are the main factors to explain the price difference between Main board and Alien board, and international diversification takes second place. By vector autoregression model (VAR model) analysis, this study finds that the investment behavior of Mainland China investors accord with the positive-feedback behavior of noise traders, and while A shares price premia increase, A shares price premia increase, A shares return will increase and B shares return will decrease in th period. Moreover, the result of the estimation of multi-variable GARCH model are as followed(1)When the volatility of A shares price premia increase, which results from unexpected return shock of A shares and B shares in preceding period, could make A shares and B shares return of large firms raise especially in A stock market. So A shares of large firms will exist significant risk premiums for price-diverge risk(or market-segmentation risk). (2)When period t-1 occur shock of A shares price premia, the volatility of A shares return and B shares return will increase, and large firms have significant effects. Therefore, unexpected shock of A shares price premia is the source volatility on A shares and B shares return. In summary, the volatility and risk of A shares price premia are the significant factors that effect A shares return, so when investors price A shares, they must consider the price diverge risk resulted from dual listings for A shares and B shares in Mainland China Stock Markets.
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Tsai, Wen-hsin, and 蔡文馨. "The Price Divergence Between GDRs and It''s Underlying Shares: The Case of Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86089430723994120335.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
89
This paper investigate the price divergence between GDRs and Taiwan underlying shares and found the variation in premiums can be explained by differences in liquidity risks, information cost and international diversification effect. Moreover, information cost and liquidity variables account for premium reversals. Further, in time-series analysis, although we are unable to draw a general conclusion from this thesis, unexpected premium shocks do play a role in some companies and larger unexpected risk results in greater volatility of GDR markets. Also, unexpected premium shocks show an asymmetric impact on GDR markets, where positive shock is larger than negative shock in most cases.
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Pakotiprapha, Sauwaluck. "Explaining divergence of service prices in developing countries." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35940.

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In explaining why service prices differ across countries (both developed and developing countries), most studies have paid attention to the role of structural variables such as population, trade balance, resource abundance etc., by using a full employment assumption. Due to the existence of high urban unemployment in developing countries, the assumption of full employment is not suitable. The objective of this study is to build general equilibrium models that can be used to explain the service price differences across developing countries by incorporating rural-urban migration and urban unemployment. Internal migration from rural to urban areas is allowed because of distortions in labor market. The current work includes structural variables that are used in the literature, such as agricultural land, mineral resources, labor endowment, trade deficit, population, and tourism, along with 2 new variables, manufacturing capital and services capital. This study also considers the effects of macroeconomic policies (fiscal and monetary policies) on service prices which are neglected in the literature. The theoretical models suggest that, ceteris paribus, larger land area, mineral resources, higher trade deficits, tourist receipts, and money supply increase service prices, but larger populations reduce service prices. The effects of services capital, labor force, the terms of trade, and government spending are ambiguous from the theoretical models. An empirical study is performed to test the theoretical implications. The empirical results suggest that larger endowments of land, mineral resources, manufacturing capital, labor force, and services capital, as well as higher trade deficits, tourist receipts, government spending, and money supply increase the service prices. Conversely, larger populations reduce service prices as predicted.
Graduation date: 1993
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Books on the topic "Price divergence"

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Taylor, Alan M. On the costs of inward-looking development: Historical perspectives on price distortions, growth, and divergence in Latin America from the 1930s to the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Blau, William. Momentum, direction, and divergence. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Stoppard, Michael. A shrinking pond?: The influence of North America on European gas prices : divergent views on Atlantic price convergence. Cambridge, MA: CERA, 2007.

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Hollander, Stanley C. Discount retailing, 1900-1952: An examination of some divergences from the one-price system in American retailing. New York: Garland, 1986.

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Polakoff, Michael A. Forward/futures price divergence in the market for foreign exchange. 1986.

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Adelstein, Richard. To Encourage the Others. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694272.003.0008.

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This chapter reveals a central feature of liability by showing the divergence of the outcomes of exchange governed by corrective justice from systemically efficient allocation of resources, and discusses the role of norms in liability systems. The modern economic approach to externality is traced to Pigou, whose normative objective of allocating all resources efficiently across an entire system has been almost universally adopted by contemporary economists. When the actual imposition of a liability price is uncertain, Pigou prescribes probability scaling, increasing the liability price imposed on tortfeasors who do pay far beyond the costs of their torts to create incentives for efficient cost imposition in the future, but this is shown to conflict with corrective justice, with the consequence that far more than the systemically efficient number of torts are committed. Deontological norms against cost imposition are illustrated and identified as a practical bulwark of the liability system.
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Pakotiprapha, Sauwaluck. Explaining divergence of service prices in developing countries. 1993.

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Constance, Douglas H., Marie-Christine Renard, and Marta G. Rivera-Ferre. Alternative Agrifood Movements: Patterns of Convergence and Divergence. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2014.

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Alternative Agrifood Movements: Patterns of Convergence and Divergence. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014.

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Соловйов, Володимир Миколайович, Андрій Олександрович Бєлінський,, A. V. Matviychuk, and O. A. Serdyuk. Permutation Based Complexity Measures and Crashes. Братислава-Харьков, ВШЭМ – ХНЭУ им. С. Кузнеца, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4397.

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A comprehensive analysis of permutation measures of the complexity of economic systems is performed by calculating the permutation entropy and the Kullback-Leibler divergence within the algorithm of a sliding window. A comparative analysis of these measures with the daily values of the Dow Jones index, WTI oil prices and Bitcoin prices indicate the possibility of their use as indicators-precursors of the known crashes in selected markets
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Book chapters on the topic "Price divergence"

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Wälde, Klaus. "On an additional condition for factor-price equalization in intertemporal Heckscher-Ohlin models." In Convergence, Divergence and Changing Trade Patterns, 14–23. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50034-3_2.

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Miyano, Michiko, and Taisei Kaizoji. "The Divergence Rate of Share Price from Company Fundamentals: An Empirical Study at the Regional Level." In Economic Foundations for Social Complexity Science, 239–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5705-2_12.

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Farmer, Karl, and Matthias Schelnast. "Financial Integration, House Price Dynamics, and Saving Rate Divergence in an OLG Model with Intra-EMU and Asian–US Trade Imbalances." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 505–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62943-7_21.

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Verma, Nitin, Kristina Shiroma, Kate Rich, Kenneth R. Fleischmann, Bo Xie, and Min Kyung Lee. "Conducting Quantitative Research with Hard-To-Reach-Online Populations: Using Prime Panels to Rapidly Survey Older Adults During a Pandemic." In Diversity, Divergence, Dialogue, 384–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_32.

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Wälde, Klaus. "Unequal factor prices and incomplete specialization in a Heckscher-Ohlin model of endogenous growth." In Convergence, Divergence and Changing Trade Patterns, 24–42. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50034-3_3.

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Trecca, Simone. "Da La celosa de sí misma di Tirso a La gelosa di se stessa, melodramma di Arcangelo Spagna." In Studi e saggi, 327–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.20.

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La gelosa di se stessa is the fourth of the six melodramas collected in 1709 by Arcangelo Spagna and published in Rome (Domenico Antonio Ercole), as the third volume of his librettos, but its writing dates back to at least 1689, the date of a previous printed edition, shortly after the opera appeared on stage, a few months before at the palace at the Quattro Fontane of the Prince of Palestrina. It is not to be excluded, however, and this is dealt with in the first pages of this essay, the existence of still earlier editions, especially if we compare the two printed texts, already very divergent between them, and the two manuscripts, both at the Vatican Apostolic Library, to which the manuscript of the score must certainly be added for further problematization. The second section of this paper gets to the heart of the theme that interests us most here, namely the examination of Spagna’s adaptive interventions with respect to what undoubtedly represents its main hypotext, Tirso de Molina’s La celosa de sí misma. The analysis is conducted on the latest printed edition of the melodrama, to be considered as the version that the author wanted to pass on to posterity, as the authorized literary text, still intervening much compared to the previous edition of 1689 on which perhaps, being more linked to the stage event, he hadn’t had much control.
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Tran, Xuan. "Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on Tourism Demand and Culture." In Handbook of Research on Developing Circular, Digital, and Green Economies in Asia, 42–58. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8678-5.ch003.

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The low supply of vaccines for COVID-19 has disrupted tourism development in Asia. The question is if the vaccine may change cultural divergence into cultural convergence at the tourist destination. The purpose of this study is to examine the culture and price elasticity of hotel demand to find the cultural convergence. The study has conducted autoregressive distributed lag model to test whether the vaccine would change the price and income elasticities of hotel demand to find the cultural transformation from divergence to convergence through tourism. Findings indicate that the impact of the vaccine on transferring culture from divergence to convergence was confirmed. Tourists from the divergent cultures specified by less levels of Hofstede's cultural dimensions will visit the country destination with high levels of Hofstede's cultural dimensions after COVID vaccination. Japan and the US that possess divergent levels of power will visit Vietnam for power convergence. China, Korea, and Russia that possess divergent levels of indulgence will visit Vietnam for indulgence convergence.
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"Relative Factor Price Convergence, Absolute Factor Price Divergence, and Income Distribution." In Globalization and the Poor Periphery before 1950. The MIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3312.003.0006.

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"Appendix 4: Creating the Price Series." In Globalization and the Colonial Origins of the Great Divergence, 214–31. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004299665_011.

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"On Value and Price of Environmental Resources." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 24–32. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4995-8.ch002.

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This chapter talks of the inherent problems on why markets on environment and natural resources and the associated ecosystem services may fail, or have failed in some of the recent instances. The fundamental reason for this, as stated in this chapter, is the divergence of the market prices from the value of the environmental resource. As argued here, the problem essentially lies in the fact that prices discovered in the market framework do not reflect the true scarcity value of the resource under consideration.
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Conference papers on the topic "Price divergence"

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Padovani, Matheus Rosisca, and João Roberto Bertini Junior. "A stock trading algorithm based on trend forecasting and time series classification." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2021.18272.

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Algorithm trading relies on the automatic identification of buying and selling points of a given asset to maximize profit. In this paper, we propose the Trend Classification Trading Algorithm (TCTA) which is based on time series classification and trend forecasting to perform trade. TCTA first employs the K-means to cluster 5-days closing price segments and label them according to its trend. A deep learning classification model is then trained with these label sequences to estimate the next trend. Trading points are given by the alternation on trend estimates. Results considering 20 shares from Ibovespa show TCTA present higher profit than buy-and-hold and trading schemes based on Moving Average Converge Divergence (MACD) or Bollinger bands.
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Goettsche, Joachim, Bernhard Hoffschmidt, Stefan Schmitz, Markus Sauerborn, Reiner Buck, Edgar Teufel, Kathrin Badstu¨bner, David Ifland, and Christian Rebholz. "Solar Concentrating Systems Using Small Mirror Arrays." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54347.

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The cost of solar tower power plants is dominated by the heliostat field making up roughly 50% of investment costs. Classical heliostat design is dominated by mirrors brought into position by steel structures and drives that guarantee high accuracies under wind loads and thermal stress situations. A large fraction of costs is caused by the stiffness requirements of the steel structure, typically resulting in ∼20 kg/m2 steel per mirror area. The typical cost figure of heliostats is currently in the area of 150 €/m2 caused by the increasing price of the necessary raw materials. An interesting option to reduce costs lies in a heliostat design where all moving parts are protected from wind loads. In this way, drives and mechanical layout may be kept less robust thereby reducing material input and costs. In order to keep the heliostat at an appropriate size, small mirrors (around 10 cm × 10 cm) have to be used which are placed in a box with transparent cover. Innovative drive systems are developed in order to obtain a cost-effective design. A 0.5 m × 0.5 m demonstration unit will be constructed. Tests of the unit are carried out with a high-precision artificial sun unit that imitates the sun’s path with an accuracy of less than 0.5 mrad and creates a beam of parallel light with divergence less than 4 mrad.
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Romanelli, G., L. Mangani, E. Casartelli, A. Gadda, and M. Favale. "Implementation of Explicit Density-Based Unstructured CFD Solver for Turbomachinery Applications on Graphical Processing Units." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43396.

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For the aerodynamic design of multistage compressors and turbines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a fundamental role. In fact it allows the characterization of the complex behaviour of turbomachinery components with high fidelity. Together with the availability of more and more powerful computing resources, current trends pursue the adoption of such high-fidelity tools and state-of-the-art technology even in the preliminary design phases. Within such a framework Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) yield further growth potential, allowing a significant reduction of CFD process turn-around times at relatively low costs. The target of the present work is to illustrate the design and implementation of an explicit density-based RANS coupled solver for the efficient and accurate numerical simulation of multi-dimensional time-dependent compressible fluid flows on polyhedral unstructured meshes. The solver has been developed within the object-oriented OpenFOAM framework, using OpenCL bindings to interface CPU and GPU and using MPI to interface multiple GPUs. The overall structure of the code, the numerical strategies adopted and the algorithms implemented are specifically designed in order to best exploit the huge computational peak power offered by modern GPUs, by minimizing memory transfers between CPUs and GPUs and potential branch divergence occurrences. This has a significant impact in terms of the speedup factor and is especially challenging within a polyhedral unstructured mesh framework. Specific tools for turbomachinery applications, such as Arbitrary Mesh Interface (AMI) and mixing-plane (MP), are implemented within the GPU context. The credibility of the proposed CFD solver is assessed by tackling a number of benchmark test problems, including Rotor 67 axial compressor, C3X stator blade with conjugate heat transfer and Aachen multi-stage turbine. An average GPU speedup factor of approximately S ≃ 50 with respect to CPU is achieved (single precision, both GPU and CPU in 100 USD price range). Preliminary parallel scalability test run on multiple GPUs show a parallel efficiency factor of approximately E ≃ 75%.
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Schultz, Nicole, Elizabeth Aston, Jane Metrik, and Jason Ramirez. "Validation of the Marijuana Purchase Task Among Adolescent Marijuana Users." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.43.

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Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance, with daily use rising among 8th and 10th graders. Adolescents view marijuana use as carrying minimal risk despite a host of associated psychosocial consequences. Within the behavioral economic framework, the Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT) has been used to understand demand (i.e., relative value) for marijuana. The MPT is a hypothetical purchase task that produces five demand indices reflective of the relative reinforcing value of marijuana and include intensity (i.e., amount consumed at zero cost), Omax (i.e., maximum expenditure), Pmax (i.e., price at maximum expenditure), breakpoint (i.e., cost at which consumption is suppressed to zero), and elasticity (i.e., rate at which consumption decreases as price increases). To date, the MPT has only been validated with adult samples; thus, the current study aimed to validate the MPT with a late adolescent sample who presumably have less experience in purchasing and using marijuana relative to adult users. Convergent validity was established via correlations between demand indices and marijuana outcomes (i.e., marijuana use, consequences, craving, and recent marijuana expenditures). Divergent validity was established via t-tests to examine group differences between hazardous and non-hazardous users as differentiated by the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R; scores of 8 or greater indicate hazardous use). Participants were 115 adolescents (Mage = 16.94, SDage = 0.88; 52% female; 64% high school student) between the ages of 15-18 who reported lifetime marijuana use and current marijuana demand. As expected, results showed that as price increased, hypothetical marijuana use decreased. Convergent validity was established via significant associations between demand indices and marijuana outcomes. Omax, breakpoint, and elasticity were significantly correlated with marijuana use outcomes in predicted directions such that greater demand was associated with more use, consequences, craving, and recent expenditures (ps <.05). Intensity was positively correlated with craving and expenditures (ps < .05). Pmax was not significantly correlated with any marijuana use outcome. Divergent validity was also established; compared to non-hazardous users (n = 39), hazardous users (n = 76) exhibited significantly higher Omax (t = 3.11, p <.01), Pmax (t = 2.08, p <.05), breakpoint (t = 3.71, p < .001), and elasticity (t = 3.11, p <.01). There was no difference in intensity across user types. Findings from the current study are unique in several ways. First, in contrast with previous literature, intensity was less consistently associated with marijuana outcomes. However, indices related to price sensitivity are important metrics in this age group, as evidenced by significant associations between Omax, breakpoint, and elasticity and marijuana outcomes. These findings are further evidenced by the ability of Omax, Pmax, breakpoint, and elasticity to differentiate non-hazardous versus hazardous users. Together, these findings suggest that the MPT is a valid measure for assessing the reinforcing value of marijuana among adolescents. Future research should replicate these findings, as well as examine the factor structure of the MPT among adolescents.
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Berey, Benjamin, Elizabeth Aston, Ricarda Pritschmann, Cara Murphy, and Ali Yurasek. "Initial validation of a brief assessment of cannabis demand among young adult college students." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.12.

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Behavioral economic models of addiction posit that cannabis’s reinforcing value (demand) is linked to use. The Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT; Aston et al., 2015) quantifies demand by assessing hypothetical cannabis consumption across escalating price points. Indices generated from MPT performance include intensity (i.e., amount consumed when free), Omax (i.e., peak expenditure), Pmax (i.e., price at peak expenditure), elasticity (i.e., degree that consumption decreases as price increases), and breakpoint (i.e., cost suppressing consumption to zero). Cannabis demand is linked to engagement in risky behaviors and cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptomology. However, the length of the MPT makes repeated assessment of state-dependent changes in cannabis demand difficult, which limits clinical utility. Brief assessments of alcohol and cigarette demand exist that measure intensity, Omax, and breakpoint. Thus, the aim of the current study was to develop and validate a brief assessment of cannabis demand. College students (N=211, Mage=19.91, SD=1.44; 63% Female; 56.4% Non-Hispanic Caucasian) who reported past-month cannabis use ≥3 times completed an online survey. Participants completed the MPT, a 3-item brief assessment of marijuana demand (BAMD) assessing intensity, Omax, and breakpoint, and measures of demographics, cannabis use frequency, cannabis-related negative consequences, CUD symptomology based on DSM-5 criteria, and cannabis craving. Convergent validity was examined via bivariate correlations of demand indices on the BAMD, MPT, and cannabis outcome measures. Divergent validity was assessed via independent samples t-tests to examine whether demand indices on the BAMD differed based on the presentation or absence of CUD. A one-way between-subjects ANOVA with planned comparisons was tested to compare effects of CUD severity (mild/moderate/severe) on BAMD demand indices. Intensity, Omax, and breakpoint were significantly correlated across the MPT and BAMD (rs=.30 – .79, ps<.01). Intensity, Omax, and breakpoint on the MPT and BAMD were significantly correlated with current cannabis craving, CUD severity, and cannabis-related negative consequences (rs=.18 – .48, ps<.05). Only intensity and Omax were significantly correlated with cannabis use (rs=.16 – .43, ps<.01). Individuals with (versus without) a CUD reported significantly greater intensity and Omax (ps< .01), but not breakpoint, on the MPT and BAMD. There were significant effects of CUD severity on B-MPT demand indices (ps<.05). Planned comparisons revealed that individuals with a moderate or severe CUD had significantly elevated intensity, Omax, and breakpoint on the BAMD compared to individuals with a mild CUD. Only breakpoint differentiated individuals with a moderate and severe CUD. This is the first study to validate a brief assessment of cannabis demand. Consistent with prior alcohol and tobacco research, the BAMD espoused convergent validity with the MPT and divergent validity by differentiating individuals with and without a CUD and along the CUD severity continuum. Thus, the BAMD may be a useful tool to assess links between specific indices of cannabis demand and clinically-relevant outcomes over time and in real-world settings. However, given the rise in novel cannabis products with different modes of administration and varying potencies, future research should examine whether demand differs based on these factors. Further, replicating these findings among more diverse populations is essential.
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Reports on the topic "Price divergence"

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Taylor, Alan. On the Costs of Inward-Looking Development: Historical Perspectives on Price Distortions, Growth, and Divergence in Latin American from 1930s - 1980s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5432.

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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.
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Asian Development Outlook 2021 Update: Transforming Agriculture in Asia. Asian Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls210352-3.

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This report forecasts growth in developing Asia of 7.1% in 2021 and 5.4% in 2022 in an uneven recovery caused by divergent growth paths. Its theme chapter explores sustainable agriculture. Growth forecasts are revised up for East Asia and Central Asia from the projections made in April, but down for South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. This reflects differences in vaccination progress and control of domestic COVID-19 outbreaks but also other factors, including rising commodity prices and depressed tourism. Inflation is expected to remain under control. The main risks to the economic outlook come from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants, slower-than-expected vaccine rollouts, and waning vaccine effectiveness. Sustainable food production and agricultural systems that are resilient to climate change will be crucial for developing Asia. To transform agriculture in the region, its economies must tackle challenges from changing consumer demand, changing demographics, and a changing and more fragile environment.
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