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1
Delmendo, Xeres. "Evaluation of reinforcers: A unit price analysis." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2613.
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The purpose of the present study was to develop an approach to determining relative reinforcer value for children, using unit price theory. A free operant preference assessment was conducted with four children, followed by a reinforcer assessment to determine reinforcer efficacy. Following the reinforcer assessment, the unit price evaluation was conducted. The number of reinforcers and number of responses required were manipulated by varying the number of reinforcers provided and the fixed-ratio (FR) requirement, respectively. Four or five different unit price values were compared for each child, and each child's performance was compared with two combinations of FR schedule and number of reinforcers earned for each unit price. The study tested a prediction of unit price theory that as unit price increases, number of responses will increase to an asymptote and decrease thereafter. Results showed that responding increased and then decreased as unit price increased for 2 of the 4 children for one of the two unit price series. Another unit price theory prediction tested was that the rate of consumption of obtained reinforcers at a given price will be a constant regardless of the response requirement and magnitude of reinforcer that make up the unit price. Results showed that consumption was usually similar given equal unit price values but differing FR and amount of consumables received for all 4 participants. These data suggest that unit price theory may be a useful framework for assessing relative reinforcer value. From a clinical perspective, these results suggest that reinforcers may be potent in terms of work rate under one reinforcement schedule and number of reinforcer units combination but not another combination. In terms of consumption, reinforcers may be approximately equally potent under various reinforcement schedule and number of reinforcer units combinations.
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Šimášková, Ľubomíra. "Porovnání cen bytu v České republice a na Slovensku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233169.
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The objective of this Diploma Thesis is to benchmark prices of preselected types of flats in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Main aim of this exercise is to examine the pricing rules in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Other area of focus is to set prices for selected prices of flats in the suburb and in the city center of Brno and Bratislava and compare them with each other. Analyze which factors affect prices and how they differ from each other.
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Rumbe, George Otieno. "Performance evaluation of second price auction using Monte Carlo simulation." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Phouphet, Kyophilavong. "Evaluation of Macroeconomic Policy in Laos." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11932.
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Nanduri, Vishnuteja. "Auction performance evaluation in deregulated electricity markets." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001105.
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Bolton, Dorcia E. "THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMIZED PRICE PROMOTION AND FUNCTIONAL IMPULSIVITY ON EVALUATION OF DEALS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1534778131125585.
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Ng, Yuen-yuen, and 吳淵源. "Construction price forecasting: an empirical study on improving estimating accuracy for building works." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251390.
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Shao, Renyuan. "The Design and Evaluation of Price Risk Management Strategies in the U.S. Hog Industry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1051933573.
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Clemente, Marco. "Social Evaluations in a Multiple-Audience Context : The Impact of a Social Misconduct on People's Complaints, Share Price and Media Evaluation." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHEC0012/document.
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Littérature sur l'évaluation sociale a principalement analysé la dyade “audience-candidat”,laissant La recherche sur les évaluations sociales s’est principalement focalisé sur la dyade “audiencecandidat”,sans s’intéresser à la façon dont l’audience principale (par exemple un agent exerçant uncontrôle social) influence l’évaluation d’une autre audience. Cette thèse explore la question desévaluations sociales dans un contexte d’audiences multiples. Elle se focalise sur les comportementsorganisationnels condamnables – une important forme d’évaluation sociale, pourtant en partieignorée par la recherche – et pose la question suivante : “Pourquoi une audience change-t-elle sonévaluation après un comportement organisationnel condamnable?”. Les trois essais s’intéressent àune différente forme d’audience (ou d’évaluation) : les individus (plaintes), les investisseurs (prix del’action) et les médias (évaluation de la presse écrite). Deux contextes novateurs et données uniquesont été utilisés : l’auto régulation du secteur de la publicité en Grande-Bretagne, et Calciopoli, lescandale qui a affecté la Série A en Italie en 2006. Les résultats montrent qu’en cas de comportementorganisationnel condamnable, l’évaluation des agents de contrôle social influence l’évaluation d’autreaudience, mais cet effet n’est pas mécanique. Trois modérateurs sont identifiés : l’ambiguïté de lanorme, la proéminence de l’évènement, et à quel point les transgresseurs sont des acteurs locaux. Enrésumé, cette thèse montre que les normes sociales sont mieux comprises dans un cadre triadique :“candidat – agent de contrôle social – autre audience”. Les normes sociales ne sont pas exogènes,mais sont crées de manière endogène par les actions des candidats et les évaluations de deuxaudiences au moinsLiterature on social evaluations has mainly analyzed the “audience-candidate” dyad,leaving underexplored the way the evaluation of a main audience (e.g. a social-control agent)influences the evaluation of another audience. This dissertation looks at social evaluations in amultiple-audience context. It focuses on organizational social misconduct - an important, yetunderstudied social evaluation - and it investigates “Why does an audience change its evaluationfollowing organizational social misconduct?”. Each of the three essays focuses on a differentaudience (evaluation): people (people’s complaints), investors (share price) and the media(newspapers’ evaluation). Two novel settings and unique databases were used: advertising selfregulationin the UK and Calciopoli, the scandal that affected the Italian Serie A in 2006. Resultsshow that in case of organizational social misconduct, the evaluation of a social control agent doesinfluence the evaluation of another audience, however this effect is not mechanical. Three primarymoderators emerge from the three essays: the ambiguity of the norm, the saliency of the event, andlocalness of the transgressors. In summary, this dissertation shows that social norms are betterunderstood in a triadic framework: “candidate – social-control agent – another audience”. Socialnorms are not set exogenously, but are endogenously created by the actions of the candidates andthe evaluations of (at least) two audiences
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Jiao, Jing. "Essays on the evaluation and estimation of the heterogeneity of price stickiness in a DSGE model." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/29407/.
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The ‘New Keynesian’ model assumes that prices and wages are in an extreme ‘sticky’pattern. In this model, the ssumption that a lagged indexation scheme increases the persistence of inflation is in widespread used; however, in reality, this ad hoc indexation setup is inconsistent with the real data. Moreover, there is extensive evidence on micro price data indicates that heterogeneity in price stickiness is a commonly found feature of price setting throughout the Euro area. Therefore, this thesis aims at incorporating this micro price evidence in an elaborated New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model by using a Generalised- Taylor-Economy (GTE) and Generalised-Calvo (GC) price settings. This thesis first presents the models, which are an extension of Smets-Wouters (SW) model (2003) which replaces Calvo with indexation price setting with heterogeneous price settings. In these new price settings, the micro evidence of heterogeneous price stickiness is directly emerged into macro DSGE models. The findings suggest that heterogeneous price stickiness can generate long-lived inflation and output persistence. Indirect inference is then used to evaluate the DSGE models of the French economy under different price settings. The results of the testing show that all models with differentprice settings are comprehensively rejected. The models are then estimated with Bayesian techniques as SW (2003) by using seven key macroeconomic observables. The results show that the GC model has the best performance. The rankings of the different price setting models are also proven to be robust to different priors and observables. Indirect inference evaluations are then conducted based on Bayesian estimated models, and all models are rejected. Indirect inference is then used as an estimation method. The testing results are improved on all models. The GC model is still considered to be the best performance model among all of the different price setting models.
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HASTENREITER, LIVIA. "PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE OIL PRICE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23003@1.
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Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia probabilística para estimativa de
reservas de óleo e gás. Nesta metodologia são consideradas as incertezas de
importantes variáveis presentes na avaliação econômica da produção, como as
vazões de óleo e gás, os preços e custos operacionais. Além disso, neste trabalho
busca-se compreender o impacto da variação do preço do óleo no comportamento
dos custos no longo prazo. A relação de dependência entre as variáveis preço e
custo também está presente na proposta de estimativa de reservas. Um sistema foi
desenvolvido a fim de aplicar a metodologia, o que permitiu a verificação e
análise dos resultados de um estudo de caso com dados reais de um campo de
petróleo. Os resultados mostraram a relevância de se avaliar e quantificar as
incertezas na avaliação econômica das reservas, assim como a necessidade de
considerar o efeito da variação do preço do óleo nos custos operacionais. Apontase,
assim, uma nova forma de estimar reservas, segundo uma abordagem
probabilística, que pode impactar significativamente o volume de óleo e gás
economicamente recuperável que é divulgado por uma companhia petrolífera.This study presents a probabilistic methodology for estimating oil and gas reserves. The methodology takes into account the uncertainties of important variables present in the economic evaluation of reserves, such as oil and gas production, prices, and operational costs. In addition, this research seeks to understand the impact of oil price variations on the cost behavior in the long term. The dependence relationship between price and cost is also considered in the proposed reserves estimation methodology. A system has been designed in order to apply the methodology, allowing the verification and analysis of the results in a case study with real data from an oil field. The results show the importance of evaluating and quantifying the uncertainties in the economic assessment of the reserves, as well as the need to consider the effect of oil price changes in operational costs. This research proposes, therefore, an alternative to estimating reserves, according to a probabilistic approach, which can significantly impact the volume of oil and gas economically recoverable to be disclosed by an oil company.
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Yonder, Erkan. "Pricing To Market: An Evaluation For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608568/index.pdf.
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This thesis investigates pricing to market behavior in the exports of Turkey, which is a small economy. The investigated sectors are hazelnut, dried grape, dried apricot, dried fig and feldspar. The sectors are selected because Turkey is the leading producer and exporter for these products in the world. We apply pricing to market model for the exports from Turkey to each of the largest importer countries and the world in total for each product to check whether there is monopolistic behavior in the markets. We also check whether there is complete local currency price stability in the investigated markets. The relationship between the import shares of destination markets in the Turkey’
s exports and the estimated pricing to market elasticities are compared as well. In general, we find that there is pricing to market in the exports of Turkey for the investigated sectors.
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Li, Ling-hin, and 李寧衍. "The privatisation of land use rights in China: an evaluation of land price behaviour in Shanghai's landmarket." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234288.
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Oricho, George Odero. "Short run irrigation water demand : an empirical evaluation of the role of price, crop and technology choice." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14386.
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Bibliography: leaves 84-90.Considerable interest has arisen regarding irrigation water use in, especially, arid areas where competition for this scarce but crucial commodity is likely to intensify. The immediate implication is that user sectors, of which irrigated agriculture is the largest, must ensure efficient and conservative use of scarce water resources, using it sparingly and in high value I return economic activities. Central to the desire for efficient use, in a free market, is the role that proper pricing of water (so that its scarcity value is accurately reflected) could play in limiting farmers' derived short-run irrigation water demand, crop choices, and their choice of technology for irrigation. Using a multi- product firm framework, we have here constructed and modelled four central farm decision functions: the short-run demand function for irrigation water demand; the farmer's crop choice decision; the choice of irrigation technology; and lastly, a crop output equation. We conclude that irrigation water price does not influence short-run irrigation water demand, neither does it affect the farmer's choice of crops or technology. Our fourth equation, the crop output equation, however, demonstrates the important role water plays in irrigation agriculture. Using farm budget data from Orange Free State and Transvaal, which are collected by the Directorate of Agricultural Economics for short - term planning purposes, we conclude that the apparent inefficacy of water costs as a tool for ensuring the efficient and conservative utilisation of irrigation water is due to the relatively negligible weight water inputs have relative to the farmers' capital and operating costs. Water prices alone cannot , therefore, be relied upon as an effective tool for efficient water utilisation in irrigated agriculture in the study area.
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Ericson, Åsa, and Merima Mesic. "Packaging design and consumer response an evaluation of design characteristics in the private label lower price tier." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126599.
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Allt fler dagligvarukedjor erbjuder produkter vid sidan av leverantörernas, dessa säljs under ett flertal egna varumärken som delas in i olika prissegment. Med det ökade utbudet av varumärken blir konsumenterna allt mer selektiva vilket ställer högre krav på en tydlig differentiering för att varumärkena ska kunna konkurrera och nå målsegmentet. Denna studie undersöker hur lågprisvarumärkena differentierar sig genom förpackningsdesign och vilka konsumentreaktioner det medför. Detta görs genom att identifiera och utvärdera de typiska stildrag som idag tycks gälla vid formgivningen av distributörers egna lågprisförpackningar. Stildragen fastställs utifrån kulör, typografi, bildspråk och visuell hierarki. De lågprisvarumärken som undersöktes var Ica Basic, Coop X-tra och Eldorado, vilka tillhör de tre ledande aktörerna på den svenska livsmedelsmarknaden; Ica, Coop och Axfood. För att uppfylla syftet och besvara de preciserade frågorna genomfördes en visuell datainsamling samt fokuserade gruppintervjuer. Under den visuella datainsamlingen fotograferades aktuella förpackningar i sina respektive butiker, där bilderna sedan användes för att identifiera de gemensamma stildragen. För att utvärdera de identifierade stildragen genomfördes därefter fokusgruppsintervjuer som undersökte konsumenternas reaktioner på förpackningarna. Studien visade att stildragen som lågprisvarumärkena använder sig av utgörs av ett utbrett användande av kulören vitt tillsammans med mättade kulörer, ofta i stora block. För typografin används grova linjära typsnitt satta i stor teckengrad. Stildragen för bildspråk utgörs av användandet av avskalade produktbilder samt enkla illustrationer. Den visuella hierarkin utmärktes av att förpackningsdesignen inkluderade få designelement och ett tydligt fokus på produktnamn, produktbild och logotyp. Stildragen har visat sig vara väl inarbetade indikatorer för lågpris hos konsumenterna då de har lärt sig associera dessa med lågprissegmentet. Det har även visat sig att stildragen medför associationer till låg kvalitet och att de överlag ofta uppfattas som icke attraktiva, detta väljer dock många att bortse från då engagemanget rörande livsmedelsprodukter visat sig vara lågt när det kommer till förbrukningsvaror. Att signalera en högre kvalitet och attraktivitet utan att avvika från stildragen har visat sig möjligt då Eldorados alternativa implementering väckt dessa känslor hos flertalet av studiens deltagare. Dock så medför detta även en problematik då varumärkets differentiering som lågpris tycks vara otydligare och därför riskerar att bli insorterad i fel prisgrupp hos konsumenterna.
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Dodds, William B. "An experimental investigation of the effects of price, brand and store information on the subjective evaluation of products." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54284.
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This dissertation investigates the effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers perception of product quality and value, as well as the buyers' willingness to buy. It reviews the dissimilar paradigms developed by economists and behaviorists to explain the influence of price on consumer behavior. Hypotheses are derived from a conceptual model to posit the relationship that the extrinsic cues of information, price, brand name and store name, individually have with the constructs of perceived quality, perceived value, and willingness to buy. Additionally, the combined effects of the extrinsic cues on the three constructs are examined.
The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase was necessary to determine products, price levels, brand names and store names to use in the second phase. A 5x3x3 factorial design, with a student sample was used in phase two to test the research hypotheses. Each of the three independent variables had no information treatment that allowed partial replication of past price-perceived quality studies, and examination of price, brand name, and store name main effects in many different cue combinations. Additionally, this research design allowed exploratory research of the marginal effects of combining cue information. Reliability of the measures was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Analysis of variance, Duncans' multiple range tests, and trend analysis were used to analyze the data.
In general the analysis gave good support for the hypothesized effects. The principal exception was finding only the downward sloping relationships for perceived value and willingness to buy as affected by price information. Also, there was a lack of support for the hypothesized combined cues when all the information were perceived to be low.
The research results are discussed with respect to the major findings, significance to theoretical and methodological knowledge as well as marketing practice. Limitations of the research are discussed as well as directions for future research in this paradigm.Ph. D.
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Vons, Matěj. "Posouzení vhodnosti investice do stavebních úprav dispozičně nevyhovujícího objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413832.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the economic suitability of the investment in the construction work in a building with unsuitable layout. There will be a technical description of the original building, a description of demolition works and a description of the reconstruction. The economic suitability of the investment will be assessed by basic approaches of valuation. It will be a cost approach of valuation, a sales approach of valuation and income capitalization approach of valuation. Income capitalization approach of valuation will be the primary approach to calculation income capitalization that allows economic evaluation of investment before and after the reconstruction.
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Wardman, M. "An evaluation of the use of stated preference and transfer price data in forcasting the demand for travel." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379753.
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Li, Ling-hin. "The privatisation of land use rights in China : an evaluation of land price behaviour in Shanghai's land market /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16121521.
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Rhee, Young-Ju. "Online Impulse Buying Behavior with Apparel Products: Relationships with Apparel Involvement, Website Attributes, and Product Category/Price." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39628.
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The potential use of the Internet for apparel retail marketing is extremely viable (Murphy, 1998); however, most of the journal papers on apparel Internet shoppers are limited to the comparison of demographic, psychographic, and behavioral characteristics between shoppers and non-shoppers (McKinney, 2004). Little empirical research has addressed the role of impulsiveness in online apparel shopping behavior. In the past, impulse buying was considered as something bad and consumers felt guilty after impulse buying (Ainslie 1975; Levy 1976). However, most researchers now no longer view impulse buying as a negative phenomenon because studies showed that impulse buying satisfies a number of hedonic desires (Piron 1991; Rook & Fisher 1995; Thompson, Locander, & Pollio 1990). Impulse buyers exhibited greater feelings of amusement, delight, enthusiasm, and joy (Weinberg & Gottwald, 1982) and often felt uplifted or energized after a shopping experience that involves impulse buying (Rook, 1987; Gardner & Rook, 1988; 1993) because impulse buying can provide the enjoyment of novelty and surprise, and the ability of mood alteration (i.e., breaking out of negative mood state) (Gardner & Rook, 1988; Rook, 1987). Recognizing the positive feelings generated from impulse buying and considering the increasing frequency of college students'' Internet shopping (Seock, 2003), one strategy to create competitive advantages in the apparel market of college students is to understand the variables related to impulse buying and based on the understanding provide a website that generates pleasurable shopping.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between online apparel impulse buying behavior and apparel involvement, apparel website attributes, and product category/price. The data were collected using an online survey with a structured questionnaire. To recruit participants, 37,590 e-mails were sent to six universities located in different regions of the United States. A total of 687 college students responded to the survey including 284 online apparel buyers, 194 non-online apparel buyers, and 209 non-apparel website visitors.
When the impulsiveness of online apparel purchases in general was used to divide the participants into impulse buyer and non-impulse buyer groups, the Chi-square test results showed that there were significantly more female respondents in the impulse buyer group than in the non-impulse buyer group. However, when impulsiveness of last purchase was used to divide the participants into impulse purchase and non-impulse purchase groups, the results showed no significant difference between the genders. For other results, the findings were all consistent. Respondents in the impulse buyer and purchase groups than the non-impulse buyer and purchase groups had a greater amount of total monthly income and spent more money on apparel products. The impulse buyer and purchase groups visited websites that sold clothing/accessories more frequently and purchased more apparel products online over the past six months than the non-impulse buyer and purchase groups. These results suggest that impulse buyers are an important segment of the apparel online market.
Four hypotheses were put forward to test the relationships among the variables. Before the proposed hypotheses could be examined, the factor analysis was first conducted to determine the constructs of apparel involvement and website attributes. The results showed that apparel involvement consisted of three factors (i.e., sign value/perceived importance, pleasure value, risk importance/probability) and website attributes consisted of four factors (i.e., website design, product presentation, promotion, product search/policy information). The results of MANOVA showed that the impulse buyer group perceived the sign value/perceived importance and the pleasure value of apparel involvement significantly higher, and perceived the risk importance/probability of apparel involvement significantly lower than the non-impulse buyer group. Based on the results, H1 was supported. Impulsive and non-impulsive online apparel buyers differed significantly in their apparel involvement. For H2, the results indicated that the impulse purchase group evaluated the website where they bought the last apparel item significantly better in website design, product presentation, promotion, and product search/policy information than the non-impulse purchase group. Based on the results, H2 was supported. The evaluations of the attributes of websites where impulse purchases and non-impulse purchases of apparel products were made were significantly different. Test of H3 showed that some product categories purchased by the respondents in the impulse purchase group were significantly different from those bought by the non-impulse purchase group. Categories such as shirt/blouse and belt were bought more frequently by the respondents in the impulse purchase group whereas shoes were bought more frequently by those in the non-impulse purchase group. The respondents in the impulse purchase group bought more items that cost less than $25 than those in the non-impulse purchase group. Based on the results H3 was supported. The product categories purchased by the impulse purchase group and non-impulse purchase group were significantly different. The multiple regression results showed that the sign value/perceived importance of apparel involvement contributed the most in explaining impulsiveness of online apparel buying behavior, followed by product price, risk importance/probability of apparel involvement, and product presentation of website attributes. Other factors, such as the pleasure value of apparel involvement and website attributes in website design, promotion, and product search/policy information, had no significant linear relationships with the impulsiveness of online apparel buying behavior. Based on the results, H4 was partially supported.
From the results of the present study, it is concluded that apparel involvement, website attributes, and product price are closely related to the impulsiveness of consumers'' online apparel buying behavior. This study is beneficial to researchers and marketers by identifying possible psychological reasons for impulse buying as well as suggesting strategies to develop an apparel website that facilitate impulse buying behavior.Ph. D.
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Matuš, Martin. "Developerský záměr." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265702.
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The diploma thesis deals with defining basic notions of development projects, investment, building assessment and building operations and relations for evaluation of economic efficiency of development project. Further, it deals with issues of building operations assessment and explanation of relations for evaluation of economic efficiency of investment projects. In the practical part, it focuses on description of the planned development project and determination of its possible options. Then, they are analyzed and the most effective is chosen.
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Mo, Zheng. "An Empirical Evaluation of OLS Hedonic Pricing Regression on Singapore Private Housing Market." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150401.
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The empirical paper studies the relationship between property value and hedonic attributes. To indentify the determinant characteristics the influent the private real estate price, their degrees of significance and help with the valuation procedure, 8870 private residential property transactions with caveats lodged across country are selected from Urban Redevelopment Authority of Singapore. 40 models are tested and RMSE, R-Square, Adjusted R-Square, F-Value tests are performed to discover the overall fitness of the models. Breusch-Pagan F-Test is performed to test the existence of heteroskedasticity and VIF test to check multicolinearity. Z score is performed to check the spatial autocorrelation. Three founding are discovered. Firstly, size, age, floor level, population density level, latitude and construction status are core attributes resulting from the regression. Secondly, new district zones classified by functions are detected instead of 28 administrative districts. Thirdly, government policies and local customs (Feng Shui) are proven to be determinant variables as well. Two suggestions are given to regulate the market in the end of this article.
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Petrovičová, Lucia. "Srovnání postupu ocenění rodinných domů v ČR a SR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318556.
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The topic of the diploma thesis is a comparison of evaluation methods of family houses in the Czech and Slovak Republic, a legislation in relation to the evaluation in mentioned countries and a definition of particular terms: family house, value and price. There are basic methods of the evaluation of the immovable property used in Czech and Slovak Republic described in this thesis. The important part of the thesis is an analysis of the real estate market. On the basis of this analysis were chosen two comparable localities. Methods of the evaluation of the immovable property were applied on specific cases. Chosen family houses were valued at the common price, time price and ascertained price. The result of the diploma thesis is the comparison of evaluation methods used in the Czech and Slovak Republic.
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Svoboda, Jiří. "Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na ceny pozemků v Blansku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233185.
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The thesis deals mainly with the evaluation of the real estate – land in Blansko. The text is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the definitions of the basic terms that are defined in the Czech law. Subsequently the processes of the land-use planning and the approach of the ground plan creation in Blansko are described. The last chapter of the theoretical part is the price law and its analysis. The practical part is analysing the area of interest at first, where Blansko is described in detail and then the segmentation of the local market with the real estate is carried out. The last part is dedicated to the evaluation of the chosen land by the detected price and the usual price in relation to the various levels of the land-use planning. These evaluations are compared to each other and analysed.
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Černá, Romana. "Ocenění komerční nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10965.
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Thesis deals with various methods of real property valuation. These methods are applied to concrete estate in practical part of the work. It places emphasis on matching of market value and administrative price.
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Van, Winkle Tyler W. "An evaluation of distller's grain price relationships and implications of increased ethanol production on grain processing practices in commercial feedlots." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/921.
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Jack, Claire. "An economic evaluation of price efficiency in argicultural markets with particular reference to beef and sheep marketing in County Fermanagh." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387884.
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Cho, Aehwa Kwon. "Effects of clothing interest and knowledge on perceptions and evaluation of clothing products: moderating effects on price-perceived quality relationships." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39200.
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Trotignon, Raphaël. "In search of the carbon price : The european CO2 emission trading scheme : from ex ante and ex post analysis to the protection in 2020." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090052.
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Cette thèse est une évaluation des deux premières phases du Système Communautaire d’Echange de Quotas d’Emission (SCEQE). Il s'articule autour de la construction progressive d'un modèle de simulation, ZEPHYR-Flex, qui vise à reproduire les évolutions du prix et des émissions observés entre 2005 et 2012, et à les projeter jusqu'en 2020 sous différentes séries d'hypothèses. L'analyse ex post des huit premières années du système révèle que, pour comprendre son évolution, il est nécessaire d'étudier en détail le rôle joué par trois mécanismes de flexibilité: les échanges de quotas, la flexibilité spatiale (crédits carbone), et la flexibilité temporelle (banking/borrowing). Dans un premier temps, nous construisons un cadre technico-économique servant de base au mécanisme simulant les échanges de quotas dans le modèle. Le rôle des crédits carbone est ensuite examiné et un scénario pour leur utilisation jusqu'en 2020 est calculé sur cette base. Ensuite, la flexibilité temporelle est introduite dans le modèle qui, une fois les trois mécanismes de flexibilité réunis, peut reproduire la trajectoire passée du prix et des émissions. Le modèle et les leçons tirées des deux premières phases sont ensuite utilisés dans différents scénarios prospectifs à l'horizon 2020. Parmi les scénarios testés, seul un renforcement du plafond d’émission en ligne avec l'objectif européen de 2050 est en mesure de restaurer la confiance et les anticipations associées au système, deux facteurs qui conditionnent l'efficacité du SCEQE à long terme. La nécessité d’articuler correctement le SCEQE avec les autres politiques climat-énergie est également soulignéeThis thesis is an evaluation of the first two phases of the EU ETS. It is articulated around the progressive construction of a simulation model, ZEPHYR-Flex, which aims at being able to replicate the observed price and emissions trajectories between 2005 and 2012, and to project them until 2020 under different sets of assumptions. The ex post analysis of the first eight years of the system reveals that to understand its development, it is necessary to study in details the role played by three flexibility mechanisms: trading, spatial flexibility (offsets), and time flexibility (banking/borrowing). In a first stage, we build a technical-economic framework for the core trading mechanism of the model. The role of offsets is then scrutinized and a scenario for their use up to 2020 is calculated on this basis. Next, the time flexibility and the related banking and borrowing behavior are introduced into the model which can then replicate the past price and emission trajectory. The model and the lessons from the first two phases are then used in different prospective scenarios to 2020. Among the scenarios tested, only a strengthening of the cap in line with the 2050 European reduction target is able to restore confidence and anticipations, two factors needed for the efficiency of the EU ETS in the long term. The issue of correctly articulating the EU ETS with other climate-energy policies is also underlined
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Kuei, Cheng-Han, and 桂正翰. "A Recursive Evaluation Approach to Price Catastrophe Derivatives." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21399395324212399830.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
財務金融研究所
94
Assuming the underlying aggregate catastrophe claims process as the compound Poisson process and applying recursive evaluation approach to compute the compound Poisson distribution,we can construct a more practical pricing model of catastrophe insurance derivatives,such as the ISO catastrophe futures and the PCS catastrophe options. The pricing model derived in this thesis simplifies the procedure of probability computation especially in the huge catastrophe claim occurrence, and also helps the hedging insurance companies easily apply their probability assessing techniques to find the prices of these derivatives.
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Liu, Chia Hao, and 劉家豪. "Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty for Price Current Meter." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15746370127205703798.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系
90
Due to the odd characteristics in Taiwan’s river basin including small watershed regions, steep slopes, serious erosion and deposit effects, the usage and management of water resources and flood prevention project has been extremely difficult. Especially about the monitoring, measuring and collecting of hydrological data, such as flood level, peak flow discharge, and flow depth, the difficulty arises with bad environment, far-away hydrologic stations, and restricted measuring equipment. Therefore, hydrological data is the basic and most important information for water resources management, disaster prevention work, water supply project and all sorts of hydraulic construction managements, the accuracy and reliability of these data seems also to be a significant task. This study took the popular flow velocity measuring equipment, Price AA current meter, according to ISO3455, to apply correction tests. In each test, eight different velocity ranges are tested. The regression analysis, measurement equipment error analysis and uncertainty analysis have been carried out. In result, the towing car and manual control is the main source for uncertainty and measurement equipment error. Therefore, current meter correction tests should be conducted by following the standard correction procedure; otherwise the result will make even larger errors and affect all kinds of water resources management work.
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趙家瑩. "The Effects of Price Promotion and Brand Price Points on Brand Evaluation and Perceived Value." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85964431072311462827.
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Cheng, Wei-Yuan, and 鄭為遠. "The Effect of Evaluation Mode on Nine-Ending Price Perception: Separate and Joint Evaluations." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35074808713243187218.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
行銷管理研究所
97
Through five experiments, this research discovers that nine-ending pricing effect manifests as nine-ending and zero-ending prices are in a separate evaluation condition, where they are evaluated independently, away from one another, but the effect diminishes as nine-ending and zero-ending prices are in a joint evaluation condition, where they are evaluated side by side simultaneously. An experiment in simulation of actual purchasing behavior is developed to provide additional evidence. Furthermore, by examining sequential evaluation condition, where nine-ending and zero-ending prices are evaluated independently in a consecutive order, with the first two conditions, it is discovered that the influence of nine-ending pricing effect is the greatest in a separate evaluation condition, lesser in a sequential evaluation condition, and the least in a joint evaluation condition. Another experiment in simulation of actual purchasing behavior is developed to provide additional evidence. Lastly, the last experiment is conducted in supporting the proposal that nine-ending pricing effect diminishes in both separate and joint conditions when nine-ending and zero-ending prices have the same leftmost digits. These results provide supportive evidence for nine-ending pricing affecting people’s price perception in certain conditions.
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Chen, Peng-Yu, and 陳芃瑀. "Evaluation of IPO Price－Evidence from Taiwanese Biotechnology Companies." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zzp29g.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
106
Biotechnology industry being highly professional with high proportion of intangible assets possession makes it difficult to be priced accurately. This paper target on biotechnology company Initial Public Offerings pricing. Substitute negative cash flow with certain multiple of operating income, and through modeling different revenue growth rate and the multiple of operating income to get model price. Compare the model price within every condition with real offering price to see whether the model price can better converge to real trading price. This research shows biotechnology stocks average initial return 45.11%，which is significantly higher than other industries. As result, model price performance surpass offering price when the growth rate estimation range from 25% to 50% in Pharmaceutical industry and 5% to 20% in Medical equipment and Applied Biotechnology industry. All of the above indirectly prove that the model mentioned in this paper has reference value for setting the underwriting price of biotechnology industry. Model optimization or propose more appropriate pricing methods are directions recommended for further work.
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Guo, Da-Cheng, and 郭大誠. "The Effects of Price Format on Price Expectations and Brand Evaluation— Moderator of Need for Cognition." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19313393488608330293.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
管理研究所
97
In the competitive business environment, in purpose of increasing sales raising profit, thefirm not only conduct productive innovation and improvement, but also use various marketing event to attract the consumer. Among the various marketing strategies, price promotion is the most important one. Still, previous research reveals that the positive short-term impacts price discount on brand sales. Price discount may increase sales of firm by encouraging consumer to use trial and also increasing purchase intent of consumer. However, it could also have an inferior impact on brand evaluation. This research studies the price format for products under price promotion.This research can help an business to conduct effective price format. We expect that, as the price promotion activities end, negative influences such as price degradation and brand depreciation can be minimized. This experiment employs " cents-off promotions " and " percentage-off promotions " to investigate the effect on price expectations and brand evaluation. The object of this research are passengers at the Taoyun and Kaohsiung International Airport. Additionally, collected data are analyzed by SPSS. The main results of this research are as followed： (1) Comparing to cents-off promotions, percentage-off promotions lead to higher post promotion price expectations. (2) The higher prices expectations, the higher brand evaluation. (3) The ways of price format have influences on brand evaluations through price expectations.
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Chen, Lu-Chun, and 陳蘆俊. "The Effects of Competitive Brand Price Information and Semantic Cues on Consumer Evaluation of Reference Price Advertisement." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04248872676177249475.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際貿易學系
88
In recent years, sales promotion becomes more important to retailers because too many retail firms enter into the market. Using reference price to affect consumer evaluation of reference price advertisements is one of the retailers'' favorite promotional strategies. Although consumers often are exposed to reference price advertisements from a retail merchant concurrently with price informant for rival brands, there is hardly any research on how other competitor price information may influence consumers'' judgment of a reference advertisement. With the basis of the plausibility of reference price, the objective of this study is to examine the effects of reference price, other competitor brand price information and semantic cues on consumer evaluation of reference price advertisement. This paper''s framework is based on the study of Biswas et al. in 1999. This study used a 3 (Advertised Reference Price Levels) ×2 (Semantic Cue Type) ×2 (Other Price Information Present or Absent) between-subjects experimental design. The three advertised reference price levels used in this study were (1) plausible reference price, (2) high, plausible reference price, and (3) exaggerated reference price. Semantic cues in the focal reference price advertisement were manipulated as concrete or abstract. Other price information was varied at two levels, present or absent. In the information-present cells, the subjects were given external price information for a rival brand. The first part of the pretest was conducted to select advertised products in the study. The second part of the pretest was designed to determine levels of advertised reference prices. The methods of data analysis include: MANOVA and T-test. The major conclusions of this research are as follows: 1.Consistent with findings of previous reference pricing studies, although consumers tend to discount advertised price claims, a more implausible advertised reference price resulted in significantly higher consumer evaluation of reference price advertisements. 2.The present of information on the other rival brand''s price (there are close to or exceed the advertised reference price) has a positive effect on consumer evaluation of the target advertisement. 3.The traditional effects of reference prices were probably to found in the present of the competitor''s price information. This finding is not consistent with the result of previous study of Biswas et al. in 1999. 4.When the advertised product is jeans, the positive effect of the competitive brand''s price on consumer evaluation will be greater for an abstract than a concrete semantic cue.
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Taso, Sheng-kai, and 曹勝凱. "Application of Fuzzy Inference to Supplier Evaluation under Price Considerations." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32084947884196432803.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
機械工程系
99
Process Capability Index (PCI) is an effective tool used for evaluating whether the product quality could meet the specifications or not, it not only could master the process quality to maintain on a specific standard, but also could avoid the production of defective. For the quality characteristics of bilateral specification (nominal-the-best), Process Capability Indexes such as 、 and have already been commonly and effectively used in the industry at present; they are also used for evaluating whether the process capability of a product could satisfy the quality requirement or not, for example, common difference of product size and gap between machine parts and accessories. In addition, during the process of mass production, it is unable to use all tests to differentiate the product process because of the reduction of monitoring and testing time, so sampling is used to evaluate the process capability of every product. Since sampling error exists when evaluating the product process statistically, so this study combined Process Capability Index with fuzzy inference to provide more objective process capability evaluation. Besides quality requirement, product price is also one of the important key points that the consumers consider; thus, this study also considered product price as one of the evaluation items. And then, empirical analysis was carried out to show that this study could evaluate the process capability of a product effectively.
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Peng, Yuan-chih, and 彭員芝. "Consumer Evaluation of Price-Matching Guarantees:the Role of Guarantee Clauses." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30055131336484382025.
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碩士東吳大學
國際貿易學系
93
Recently, more and more retailers use price-matching guarantees (PMG) as a kind of pricing strategy. It is defined as a retailer’s policy and practice of promptly matching a lower price offered by a nearby retailer on an identical or similar item or refunding the price difference for a short period after the sale has been made. The rationale for PMG is to attract consumers, and in turn increase the likelihood that the consumers patronize the PMG retailer. Past research on PMG largely centered on economical points of view or explored whether the presence of PMG would influence consumers’ purchasing decision. This article focuses on the role of guarantee clauses, and explores their relationship with consumers’ perception and intention. By means of experimental design, this research manipulate depth of refund, restriction scope and mode complexity of refund ,and incorporate with PMG believability and PMG value as endogenous variables to explore their influence on shopping intention。 Through LISREL model, the result shows: 1.Depth of refund has a positive effect on PMG believability and PMG value. 2.Restriction scope has a negative effect on PMG believability ,but its influence on PMG value is not significant. 3.The influence of mode complexity of refund on PMG value is not significant. 4.PMG believability has a positive effect on PMG value. 5.The influence of PMG believability on shopping intention is not significant. 6.PMG value has a positive effect on shopping intention.
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Chu, Hsiu-Hua, and 褚秀華. "The Study of Consumer Evaluation of Reference Price─Effects of Competitive Brands’ Prices information and symbolic brand." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77928690327318329574.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
國際貿易學系
88
Abstract: Retailers often present the reference price to enhance the effect of sale promotion when they are promoting. However, there are hardly researches on how other competitive brands’ price information may influence the effect of advertisement reference price and associated symbolic brands. This study aimed to discuss how the reasonability of the advertisement’s reference price influences the sales promotion effect, and how the symbolic brands or not as well as offering the competitive brands’ price information affect the reference price effect. These issues are studied with two 2Ⅹ2Ⅹ2 experimental designs , using walkman, handbag and watch as the products. The experimental designs were conducted under conditions which the reasonability of the advertisement reference price (1.plausible v.s plausible-high 2.plausible-high v.s implausible), the symbolic brands or not and offering the competitive brands’ price information or not. Using female undergraduates as respondents, the questionnaire was designed to understand the consumers’ price perception and willingness to purchase. The methods of data analysis include：T-test analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, MANCOVA analysis, and correlation analysis. The research result is as follow： 1、 The reasonability of the advertisement reference price will affect consumer’s price recognition and purchase attention. The more implausible the advertisement reference price is, the more significant the effect will be. 2、 When consumer face to the symbolic brands, the advertisement reference price more implausible will effect consumer higher willingness to purchase, objective savings recognition and lower subjective search intention. 3、 When competitive brands’ price information is provided, the advertisement reference price more implausible will effect consumer higher willingness to purchase, subjective savings recognition and lower objective search benefit.
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Chwelos, Paul. "Hedonic approaches to measuring price and quality change in personal computer systems." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11401.
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Although computers have long been studied in terms of their changing
price/performance ratio, the issue of accounting for performance in computer systems
has not been adequately addressed. This paper addresses the topic in three ways.
First, a survey of IS Managers and business "power-users" of personal computers was
conducted to empirically determine the attributes of computer systems that provide value
to users; these results guide subsequent choices regarding the operationalisation of user
value. Second, an index of system performance was developed from published
performance benchmarks and used as a direct measure of performance in the hedonic
function. Third, a set of technical proxies was shown to adequately reproduce the
performance index derived above, and was used in an alternate specification of the
hedonic function. Using data on IBM-PC compatible laptop and desktop systems, price
indexes were constructed using both approaches to performance measurement. The
results demonstrated that both approaches yielded good explanatory power and nearly
identical estimates of the rate of quality adjusted price change in PC systems. Thus, the
set of technical proxies could be used to operationalise performance in a larger data set
for which direct performance measures are unavailable.
For the 1990s, laptop PCs were found to have decreased in quality adjusted price at an
average of 39% per year while the corresponding figure for desktop PCs was 35% per
year.
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Tseng, Suz-Ping, and 曾詩萍. "Supplier selection and evaluation considering supplier failures and multiple price discounts." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66008401288174499049.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
99
With the increase of importance and dependence of supplier selection in supply chain management, it many enterprises pay more attention to developing partner relationships with their suppliers. One of the key points for purchase managers selects suitable suppliers. As a result, it’s a significant decision for them to select suppliers and allocate the ordering volumes. In this paper we proposed a model to solve the problems of supplier selection and order allocation in single part and multiple sourcing situations. The model includes expected loss cost and expected purchase cost from a set of suppliers. In case of multiple sourcing, the model takes into consideration the ability of suppliers to increase their output when one or more of the rest suppliers fail to deliver. We concern all-unit discount and incremental discount simultaneously, and it makes problems more complicated and difficult to be solved. Hence, we use the MATLAB method which minimizes total cost analysis to obtain the optimal supplier order allocation.
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Chen, Zhi-Ren, and 陳志仁. "A welfare analysis and policy evaluation of fishing oil price subsidyzeng." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78279824224895759852.
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Chang-Yu, Liu, and 劉昌育. "Multi-process capability evaluation by using fuzzy inference under price consideration." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31010524692688929778.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
機械工程系
100
Process yield reflect the strengths and weaknesses of process capability. Through inspection of a product’s process, it is possible to determine whether or not certain quality standards have been maintained and if customer requirements have been met. Process capability indices such as:Cp、Cpk、Cpm、Cpmk and Cpp have all been widely adopted and are frequently used throughout the industry. By obtaining the values of these various indices, we can gain insight into the quality of the product and its process, as well as effectively determine whether or not any flaws are present in the product or the process. The process capability index used in this study the index, which is an incapability index that is capable of pointing out inaccuracies and imprecisions in a process. However, the process capability index cannot be directly used to evaluate or analyze the process capabilities of multiple processes. Therefore, this study will evaluate process capability levels using fuzzy inference combined with the process capability index through a method of pairing and then comparing, thereby providing a means for an even more objective process capability assessment. For the customer, besides having certain quality requirements, cost is also a very important factor. Therefore, this study will include a customer cost consideration index and will verify the feasibility of the described inference method through actual examples.
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Fong, Song Min, and 宋明峯. "An Empirical Study on Corporate Governance , Information Disclosure Evaluation and Stock Price." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26735733383413315367.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
商務經營研究所
96
This thesis investigates whether the result of information disclosure evaluation has impact on the capital market in Taiwan, and researches whether the quality of corporate governance will cause the same effect to the stock price. By applying event study methodology, this research uses the marked model in measuring the estimative rate of returns of stock. Then, to facilitate whether the result of information disclosure evaluation has information content by using the first session to the fourth session data from the “Information Disclosure Evaluation System” during year 2003 to 2006. Further, using the result of information disclosure evaluation to substitute for the quality of corporate governance to analyze the rate of returns of stock has the same effect to its quality of corporate governance. The results indicate that the event of information disclosure evaluation has information content, and will affect the capital market. Besides, the better quality of corporate governance has the higher rate of returns of stock. But it does not reach the significance level. In addition, the worse quality of corporate governance has the lower rate of returns of stock. The empirical results are consistent with early researches that the quality information on corporate governance has influence to the share value.
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Yu-Ting, Lai, and 賴宇亭. "Budget Review and Bid-Price Evaluation Models for Public Building Construction Projects." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p84t68.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
96
Public construction project budgets often occupy a high percentage of the yearly total budget in many countries. Thus, accurately reviewing these project budgets is a crucial task to government officers for effectively allocating these budgets. However, for example, in Taiwan, regulations for reviewing the construction project budget only describe the governmental administration process in a qualitative manner. Without a systematic and quantitative method, government officers review the project budgets simply based on their own experience, eventually making the budget reviewing results unreliable. This work presents a quantitative procedure to support reviewing the budgets of construction projects. The procedure is developed by integrating an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a simulation-based cost model. The AHP is applied to accurately reflect the reviewers’ evaluations with respect to the budget determination criteria. While each cost item is assumed to be a variable, the cost model generates a cumulative cost distribution for setting the boundaries of the project budget. The merits of the procedure are demonstrated by to a practical Taiwanese project. A lump-sum lowest bid method allows project administrators of public construction projects to reject any bid if they determine the bid price is unreasonable. In practice, however, few bids are rejected because of the lack of an objective process for evaluating the lowest bids. While past research assessed the bids based on total bid price, this study proposes a bid evaluation model developed based on the level of unit prices. In the proposed model, the lowest bid is assessed according to the unit prices electronically obtained from the owner and all qualified bidders. Moreover, a differential ratio is defined to measure the deviation between the unit prices submitted by both the owner and the lowest bidder. The merits of this innovative model are demonstrated by applying it to two subprojects of a building construction project. Practitioners and governmental officers have confirmed the feasibility of the model provided the languages or clauses describing the modeling algorithms are explicated in the general or special conditions of tendering documents.
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Taye, Alemayehu Demissew. "Evaluation of Monetary Policy in Ethiopia: An Empirical Study." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333505.
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In this paper, a structural vector auto regression (SVAR) approach is used to empirically investigate the effects of monetary policy shocks on output (measured by real GDP) and prices (measured by consumer price index) in Ethiopia. We isolated the SVAR structural shocks by imposing restrictions on the long- run behavior of the variables in the model, which places a recursive restriction on the disturbances of the SVAR. We considered three alternative policy instruments i.e. broad money supply (M2), lending rate and the real effective exchange rate (REER). We find evidence that price-based nominal anchors (Interest rate and REER) have an effect on real output, a modest effect of the lending rate while a significant effect of REER is documented, with a slightly faster speed of adjustment. Similarly, innovation in the quantity based nominal anchor (M2) affects economic activities significantly. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Shing-Rue, Huang, and 黃杏如. "A Study on the Feasibility Evaluation of Actual Price Registration of Real Estate to the Deed Tax in Taxation of Real Price." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76182637742741119483.
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Gubanova, Tatiana. "Organic produce price forecasting at a farm level criteria, methods, and forecast evaluation /." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/gubanova%5Ftatiana%5F200505%5Fms.
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Lin, Chun-Chang, and 林俊昌. "Models of Contractor Selection and Bid Price Evaluation for Most Advantageous Tendering Method." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80142515238732018696.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
土木工程系所
97
The most advantageous tendering (MAT) method, which has been adopted for years in Taiwan, is one of the multiple-criteria decision procedures for contractor selection. Recently for public construction there is a tendency toward large-scale, in this condition multitudinous characteristics are involved. Due to the intense competition on construction market, both academic and businessman are most concerned to build a proper contractor selection procedure based on individual project characteristics to satisfy owner’s demand. The purpose of this paper is namely to integrate academic and commercial procedure and then propose a model of contractor selection decision for MAT which conforms to the spirit of laws and regulations and is applicable to projects with different characteristics. The major contributions of this paper include two parts, the contractor selection model and bid price evaluation for MAT. First, the study on the contractor selection is based on the traditional AHP method but adopts the genetic algorithm (GA) to derive the adaptive AHP approach (A3). Differing from traditional AHP, this approach is more efficient in generating criterion items and their relative significance value for further scoring and ranking since the re-interview procedure of policymaker in tradition AHP is replaced. Next as regards the bid price evaluation, the item price is also considered in the evaluation. The concept of utility value is applied to linearly transform the total price and item price into corresponding scores to obtain final scores for further grading. This method is an indeed application of academic research to solve practical problems thus any acquired experience and knowledge in this paper is absolutely referable for future application. In conclusion, in this paper the A3 is used to calculate the relative significance value of each criterion item for the contractor selection of MAT instead of the traditional AHP. Achievement of the adaptive AHP cooperated with familiar scoring method is not only conformable to laws and regulations but it is also more beneficial on time, cost and quality than traditional AHP. Furthermore, the proposed bid price evaluation model makes the outcome of whole multiple-criteria decision procedures more impartial and objective.
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Lin, Ching-Chin, and 林景智. "The Evaluation of TXO Call Price under Various Volatility and Options Pricing Model." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58760344255295809683.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
金融研究所
91
At the end of 2001, the first options contract -options on Taiwan stock index (TXO) was listed in the TAIFEX. Although options trading has been popular for years in many countries, it is a new financial commodity to Taiwan’s investor. The purpose of this research is to find a suitable estimation method to evaluate the TXO call. This research applies various volatility estimations and modified Black and Scholes’ pricing models in Taiwan’s options market and compares their performance. This research uses four volatility models (historical, implied, ARCH, GARCH) and three options pricing models (Merton, Leland, Boyle and Vorst) to estimate theoretical price and compares the degree of mispricing of these models. It was found that almost all the models overvalues the market price. After considering the transaction cost, the degree of overvalue is more serious, its means the Merton model is a better pricing model among the three. As to the volatility estimation model, there is no consistent result. For in-the-money (itm) and out-of-money (otm) contracts, GARCH is better than others, while for at-the-money (atm) options, implied volatility is better than others. Generally speaking, this research suggests to use GARCH with Merton pricing model in evaluating atm options prices and implied volatility with Merton pricing model in evaluating itm and otm options prices.