Academic literature on the topic 'Price Listing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Price Listing"
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Lee, Jong Hyuk. "Pricing and Reimbursement Pathways of New Orphan Drugs in South Korea: A Longitudinal Comparison." Healthcare 9, no. 3 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030296.
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This study aimed to analyze four current pathways affecting the listing and post-listing prices of new orphan drugs (ODs) in South Korea. These mechanisms were: (1) essential OD, (2) pharmacoeconomic evaluation (PE) waiver OD, (3) weighted average price OD, and (4) PE OD. We analyzed the ratio of the listing price of 48 new ODs to the average adjusted price (AAP) of seven advanced countries and examined the change in the post-listing price. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the listing and post-listing price changes. The mean and median ratios of the listing price of total new OD to AAP were calculated to be 69.4% and 65.4%, respectively. Essential OD showed the highest mean (93.8%) and median (80.8%) ratios. The mean cumulative price discount rate of the new OD was 7.2% in the third year and 5.7% in the fifth year. The rarity of diseases impacts the listing price of OD, but the political effects of the benefits of OD on the post-listing price of these drugs could not be verified. Further research should be conducted to develop measures that facilitate the practical sharing of budget risks and increase patient access to new ODs.
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Curto, Rocco, Elena Fregonara, and Patrizia Semeraro. "Listing behaviour in the Italian real estate market." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 8, no. 1 (2015): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to explore the listing behaviours of agents and sellers. In particular, the paper analyzes listing prices and the predicting power of the house features described in advertisements, to improve their use in real estate valuations. In Italy, selling prices are not public information and therefore listing prices play a key role for market analyses and are used by real estate companies and appraisers for estimating house values. Design/methodology/approach – A traditional hedonic model was used to measure the overall contribution to listing price of the characteristics described in advertisements. The analysis was performed both on houses put on the market by agents and on houses put on the market by sellers. Listing price distributions and their deviation from normality were analyzed. Furthermore, a hedonic analysis was performed, which consisted of two steps. First, the coefficient of determination for any characteristic was computed. Second, the overall contribution to the listing price of the characteristics described in advertisements was measured. Findings – The analysis shows the presence of factors which affect listing prices and which are not revealed to buyers in real estate advertisements. On the other hand, the presence of characteristics that do not affect the listing price but are described in advertisements was also found. Furthermore, agents and sellers showed different behaviours. While the marginal contributions of each characteristic estimated on a sample of houses put on the market by agents were significant, the analysis reveals that listing prices of houses put on the market by sellers are not explained by the house features. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to propose a hedonic approach to exploring the major determinants of listing prices of houses on sale on the Italian market. The listing behaviour of agents and sellers and the predicting power of the observable characteristics could address the use of listing prices in real estate valuations. At the same time, the potential presence of unobservable factors that affect the listing price could be a source of bias in estimating the value of houses.
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Önder, Irem, Christian Weismayer, and Ulrich Gunter. "Spatial price dependencies between the traditional accommodation sector and the sharing economy." Tourism Economics 25, no. 8 (2018): 1150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618805860.
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The emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation (e.g. Airbnb) has steadily increased the pressure on the traditional accommodation sector. Although Airbnb listings are perceived as being more affordable than hotels, this has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether significant price dependencies exist between the Airbnb and traditional accommodation sectors and to analyze the underlying pricing strategies. For this purpose, the Estonian capital city of Tallinn is used as a case example. Airbnb data, prices and locations of hotels in Tallinn, as well as spatial information such as distance to points of interest (POIs), and so on, are used in hedonic price regression models. The results show that Airbnb pricing positively depends on characteristics of the listing and the number of POIs within an optimal 650 m radius, which is obtained from a simulation study. Also, prices of hotels and of other Airbnb listings within the same radius positively impact Airbnb listing prices. Finally, Airbnb accommodations are shown to indeed be the more affordable alternative.
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Chen, Jieli, Jiewen Zhong, and Zenghao Chen. "Research On the Pricing Model of Second-Hand Sailboats Based on GDBT Model." BCP Business & Management 48 (July 24, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v48i.5246.
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Sailboats have varying values with changes in market conditions and aging. This paper analyzed the characteristics and economic characteristics of monohull along with catamaran in their respective regions. The paper also carried out Spearman correlation analysis on their listing prices. The gradient boosting decision tree model was established to calculate the feature importance of each variable on the listing price, and the accuracy of the model reached over 86%. It indicated that the model can effectively price the second-hand sailboat market. This paper used one-way ANOVA to determine whether there was a significant difference between the listing prices of monohull and catamaran in the secondary markets. There were significant differences in the listing prices of monohulled sailboats and catamarans in different geographical regions. The listing prices of monohull and catamaran in different geographical regions were significantly different, and the regional effects were inconsistent.
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Sandhu, Harsimran, and Kousik Guhathakurta. "Effects of IPO Offer Price Ranges on Initial Subscription, Initial Turnover and Ownership Structure—Evidence from Indian IPO Market." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 11 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13110279.
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In this paper, we establish the significance and effects of initial public offer (IPO) offer price ranges on subscription, initial trading, and post-IPO ownership structures. The primary market in India provides a unique setting for estimating the effect of various initial public offer (IPO) price ranges and IPO issue factors on the initial demand for an IPO among investors, measured by full IPO subscription/oversubscription, initial turnover (liquidity), and the post-IPO listing ownership structure among investors (ownership). For the IPO pre-listing stage, this study uses firth logistic regression to estimate the effect of various IPO offer price ranges (low to high) and various IPO issue factors on the full subscription/oversubscription of an IPO in each investor category. For the post-IPO listing stage, the study uses OLS regression to estimate the effect of various IPO offer price ranges (low to high) and various IPO issue factors on the initial trading ratio (IPO listing day trading) and the ownership percentage between institutional and individual investors. We find that all investor categories show a lesser likelihood for full subscription or oversubscription of an IPO issue at the lowest range of IPO offer prices. At the post-listing stage, the results indicate a diverse IPO offer price range in which individuals and institutions maximize their respective ownership holdings after the IPO listing. The results further show that lower promoter holdings diffuse higher ownership among individual shareholders by targeting lower IPO offer prices, thus increasing control.
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Dudás, Gábor, Tamás Kovalcsik, György Vida, Lajos Boros, and Gyula Nagy. "Price determinants of Airbnb listing prices in Lake Balaton Touristic Region, Hungary." European Journal of Tourism Research 24 (May 7, 2020): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v24i.412.
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The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of different accommodation attributes on Airbnb listing prices in a touristic area. The study applied hedonic price modeling utilizing a sample of 2417 Airbnb accommodation rental offers in the Lake Balaton Touristic Region in Hungary. Our results revealed that property-related attributes significantly influence Airbnb prices although the magnitude of these effects is very diverse and complex. The OLS findings showed that the provision of air conditioning, free internet, and free parking are the main determinants of Airbnb price in the sample area, while the number of available photos and the presence of a kitchen does not significantly influence the price. The quantile regression results further demonstrated that capacity, the provision of breakfast, and TV leads to higher prices among the higher-priced accommodations, while the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, smoking, and free parking influence more the prices of lower-end accommodations.
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Zouni, Georgia, Ioannis Katsanakis, Athanasios Athanasiadis, and Myrsini Sofia Nika. "The Impact of Antecedents on Airbnb Listing Prices: Evidence from Greece." Studia Periegetica 46, no. 2 (2024): 81–96. https://doi.org/10.58683/sp.1994.
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The study investigates varied effects that price antecedents have on Airbnb listings. Using data on 31705 listings from four major Greek regions (Athens, Thessaloniki, Crete, and the South Aegean), which appeared on Airbnb in December 2022 and were recorded by Inside Airbnb, the authors apply statistical tests and regression analysis to identify key pricing determinants. The results confirm the existence of evident differences in prices depending on external variables, such as the listing’s region, and internal listing qualities and host attributes. The findings offer valuable insights that individual hosts, professional listing administrators, and policymakers can use to adjust pricing strategies and regulations to changes taking place in the dynamic Airbnb market in Greece.
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C, Krishnapriya, Goury Priya Sajeev, Thejas R, Sreelakshmi K. B, Leya Elizabeth Sunny, and Joby Anu Mathew. "Dynamic Pricing for Anomaly Detection in Online Market Places." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (2024): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61754.
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Abstract: Online marketplaces have become integral parts of e-commerce, providing convenient platforms for buying and selling goods. Detecting fraudulent listings is crucial for maintaining trust and integrity within the marketplace. This project addresses this challenge by proposing a method for fraud detection based on predicting listing prices and identifying discrepancies betweenpredicted and listed prices and also updating prices based on current market conditions.By using machine learning techniques to predict listing prices based on working features,customer demand and market status, the aim is to uncover potentiallyfraudulent listings where the listed price significantly deviates from the predicted value. The project utilizes a dataset containinginformation about listings on the online marketplace, including features such as product category, description, and location, alongwith the listed prices. Data preprocessing techniques are applied to clean and prepare the dataset for analysis. Machine learning al-gorithms, including regression models and natural language pro- cessing techniques for textual data, are employed to predict listingprices based on their features.This also includes some methods offeature engineering. In conclusion, this project presents a novel approach to fraud detection in online marketplaces by leveragingmachine learning techniques for dynamic price prediction. By identifying discrepancies between predicted and listed prices, thedeveloped model effectively detects potentially fraudulent listings. The integration of this model into the marketplace platform enhances security and reliability, fostering a safer and more trustworthy environment for buyers and sellers. Moving forward,further refinement and optimization of the model can lead to evengreater accuracy and effectiveness in fraud detection.
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Miao, Yipeng, Tingting Xia, Yutong Yang, and Junhe Hou. "Study of Sailboat Price Forecasting Based on Random Forest Regression." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 17 (August 31, 2023): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v17i.11350.
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This paper aims to solve the problem of predicting the listing price of sailboats, using random forest, decision tree and integrated learning methods for analysis. First, data cleaning is performed to remove missing data. Then, the data are analyzed to find that the make, model, size, time and regional factors of sailboats may affect their listing prices. In terms of regional characteristics, annual income per capita was extracted as one of the influencing factors. Using all available characteristics, regression trees and random forest regression models were built and R2 was used as an evaluation criterion for model prediction accuracy. Finally, the R2 value of the monohull sailboat listing price prediction model was calculated to be 0.84, and the R2value of the catamaran listing price prediction model was 0.99.In addition, this paper also involves the exploration of other features. Ultimately, this paper provides an estimate of the listed price per sailboat and discusses the issue of estimation accuracy.
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Jung, Jae Ho, Dae Jung Kim, Kangho Suh, et al. "International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020670.
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Background: The demand for implementing a new listing scheme to expedite patient access to novel oncology drugs has increased in South Korea. This study was conducted to compare the prices of anticancer drugs between eight countries and to explore the feasibility of a ‘pre-listing and post-evaluation’ scheme to expedite patient access to oncology drugs. Methods: This study included 34 anticancer drugs, which were reimbursed between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017. The unit price and sales volume of the study drugs were collected from eight countries and IQVIA data, respectively. The prices were adjusted to estimate the ex-factory prices using the discount/rebate rate suggested by the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA). The four price indices of Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher, and the unweighted index were calculated using the price in each country, the average price, and lowest price among the study countries. Each currency was converted using the currency exchange rate and purchasing power parity (PPP). The budget impact of implementing the proposed pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme on payers was calculated. Results: Based on the currency exchange rate, anticancer drug prices were higher in other countries (index range: 1.05–2.78) compared to Korea. The prices in Korea were similar to countries with the lowest prices. When the PPP was applied, prices were higher in the US, Germany, Italy, and Japan than in Korea (range: 1.10–2.13); however, the prices were lower in the UK, France, and Switzerland than in Korea (range: 0.72–0.99). The financial burden of implementing the pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme was calculated at 0.83% of the total anticancer drug sales value in Korea from 2013–2017. Conclusions: The prices of anticancer drugs in Korea were similar to the lowest prices among the seven other study countries. A pre-listing and post-evaluation scheme should be considered to improve patient access to novel anticancer drugs by reducing the reimbursement review time and uncertainties.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Price Listing"
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Yuan, Lin. "Analysis of listing price option on e-Bay market." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=885.
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Farago, Stephen Glen. "An investigation of the impact of an international listing on a firm's share price." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27696.
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The internationalization of world equity markets is frequently discussed in the financial press. One of the most significant trends in this internationalization is the growth in the number of firms listing their shares on a foreign stock exchange. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of multiple listing on a firm's share price.
A review of the popular financial press suggested many reasons for listing internationally. These explanations included; a perquisite argument added attention from security analysts, market segmentation, increasing the market value of the firm, decreasing financing costs, different securities laws and trading practices, increased demand for the shares, and externalities such as increased name recognition in foreign markets.
An event study methodology was employed to analyse the reaction of the share price to the announcement and the actual listing of the shares. Three samples were selected for this study using daily data. These were Canadian firms listing on American exchanges, North American firms listing on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and American firms listing on the London (International) Stock Exchange.
A related study has analysed stock price reactions associated with moving from the Over-The-Counter Market to the New York Stock Exchange [Sanger and McConnell 1987]. These studies had found that there is a significant run up in price after the announcement of the listing. They also found that after the listing there was a statistically significant decline in price. Howe and Kelm [1987] have recently used the same methodology to test the multiple listing effect on smaller European exchanges. They found a negative return prior to and after listing.
The three samples in this paper all earned statistically significant positive returns in the ten days prior to the listing. However, the run up in the Canadian sample seemed to depend on whether the firm listed on the NYSE or the ASE. The NYSE firms had a far more significant run up. The experience after the listing is also more similar to the American findings which have found a significant decline after listing. The Japanese sample loses almost all of its gains in the four weeks following listing, while the UK sample suffers a smaller but still significant decrease. Finally, the result for the American sample seems to depend on the market portfolio used. Using a Canadian market index, share prices decline after listing while we do not observe significant negative post-listing returns using an American market index. The net result then over the entire period then appears to be statistically insignificant. No clear signal is provided by the market as to whether the new listing is viewed positively. Yet the result is interesting when compared to both the McConnell and Sanger, and the Howe and Kelm papers.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Graduate
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Lee, Yen-Sheng. "Essays on Determinants of IPO Liquidity and Price Adjustments to Persistent Information in Option Markets." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/701.
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I examine the determinants of cross-sectional liquidity in the IPO aftermarket during the period of 1995 through 2005. I find that past price performance, the extent of stock visibility, the mass of informed agents, and certain IPO attributes play a role in explaining IPO trading activity. My empirical evidence shows that differences of opinion and estimation uncertainty about an IPO firm affect little IPO liquidity. My findings contribute to the understanding of determinants of IPO aftermarket trading. I also investigate whether contemporaneous overreaction tends to occur following persistent information in the options market. More specifically, I compare the reactions between growth and value investors, and small and large investors conditional on past price reactions. My empirical results suggest that value investors react more strongly than growth investors following a series of prior information shocks, as measured by the cumulative level of overreaction. Small investors tend to react more strongly than large investors conditional on prior information shock, as measured by the cumulative sign or level of overreaction. The results imply that overreaction is a function of investor types and previous information and contribute to the overreaction hypothesis in the options market.
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Wang, Jing. "THREE ESSAYS ON PRICING AND VOLUME DISTRIBUTIONS OF CROSS-LISTED STOCKS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1421369950.
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Mason, Brenden James. "The Effects of Options Markets on the Underlying Markets: Quasi-Experimental Evidence." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/503097.
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Economics<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation consists of three essays in applied financial economics. The unifying theme is the use of financial regulation as quasi-experiments to understand the interrelationship between derivatives and the underlying assets. The first two essays use different quasi-experimental econometric techniques to answer the same research question: how does option listing affect the return volatility of the underlying stock? This question is difficult to answer empirically because being listed on an options exchange is not random. Volatility is one of the dimensions along which the options exchanges make their listing decisions. This selection bias confounds any causal effect that option listing may have. What is more, the options exchanges may list along unobservable dimensions. Such omitted variable bias can also confound any causal effect of option listing. My first essay overcomes these two biases by exploiting the exogenous variation in option listing that is created by the SEC-imposed option listing standards. Specifically, the SEC mandates that a stock must meet certain criteria in the underlying market before it can trade on an options exchange. For example, a stock needs to trade a total of 2.4 million shares over the previous 12 months before it can be listed. Since 2.4 million is an arbitrary number, stocks that are “just above” the 2.4 million threshold will be identical to stocks that are “just below” it, the sole difference being their probability of option listing. Accordingly, I use the 2.4 million threshold as an instrument for option listing in a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. I find that option listing causes a modest decrease in underlying volatility, a result that corroborates many previous empirical studies. My second essay attempts to estimate the effect of option listing for stocks that are “far away from” the 2.4 million threshold. I overcome the aforementioned omitted variable bias by fully exploiting the panel nature of the data. I control for the unobserved heterogeneity across stocks by implementing a two-way fixed effects model. Unlike most previous studies, I control for individual-level fixed effects at the firm level rather than at the industry level. My results show that option listing is associated with a decrease in volatility. Importantly, these results are only statistically significant in a model with firm-level fixed effects; they are insignificant with industry-level fixed effects. My third essay is a policy evaluation of the SEC’s Penny Pilot Program, a mandated decrease of the option tick size for various equity options classes. Several financial professionals claimed that this decrease would drive institutional investors out of the exchange-traded options market, channeling them into the opaque, over-the-counter (OTC) options market. I empirically test an implication of this hypothesis: if institutional investors have fled the exchange-traded options market for the OTC market, then it may take longer for information to be impounded into a stock’s price. Using the `price delay’ measure of Hou and Moskowitz (2005), I test whether stocks become less price efficient as a result of being included in the Penny Pilot Program. I perform this test using firm-level fixed effects on all classes that were included in the program. I confirm these results with synthetic control experiments for the classes included in Phase I of the Penny Pilot Program. Generally, I find no change in price efficiency of the underlying stocks, which suggests that the decrease in option tick size did not materially erode the price discovery that takes place in the exchange-traded equity options market. I also find evidence that the decrease in option tick size caused an increase in short selling for the piloted stocks.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Ivaschenko, Iryna. "Essays on corporate risk, U.S. business cycles, international spillovers of stock returns, and dual listing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2003. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/625.htm.
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Billstam, Sofie, and Madeleine Gustafsson. "Accepterat pris : En analys av samarbeten inom fastighetsmäklarbranschen och dess prissättning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12528.
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ABSTRACT Title: Level: Author: Supervisor: Date: Aim: Method: Accepted price – An Analysis of Cooperation in the Real Estate Markets and its Pricing. Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Madeleine Gustafsson and Sofie Billstam Jonas Kågström 2012 - May The aim with this final assignment is to investigate if the introduction and the cooperation of accepted price was necessary to generate a more stable real estate market with marketable listing prices in Stockholm. The introduction of accepted price led to a cooperation with some of the most important real estate firms in Stockholm. This cooperation was opposed by a number of companies on the real estate market. This fact inspired to examine similarities and differences of being and not being part of the cooperation and thereafter comment on the outcome. The aim is to compare the pricing between companies within the cooperation of accepted price and external companies and the advantages and disadvantages of entering and not entering a collaboration. The main questions to be answered are: - Is the cooperation necessary to regulate listing prices to a marketable level? - What are the effects of higher listing prices on the Swedish real estate market? - What´s the best possible method when pricing listing price? - What are the advantages and disadvantages of entering and not entering a collaboration? The final assignment has been implemented in an abductive way. The essay is mainly based on secondary data in form of journals, websites, literature and qualitative empirical data collected trough three interviews with Erik Carlborg, Mats Uddare and Fastighetsmäklarnämnden. Quantitative empirical data has been collected trough a questionnaire sent to real estate agents working at Svensk Fastighetsförmedling in Stockholm. Theory and empirical evidence has been analyzed and linked together in the analysis chapter, where the essayists’ thoughts and opinions have been presented. Result & Conclusions: Suggestions for future research: Contribution of the thesis: Key words: The result of the study demonstrates that cooperation between competitors in the same industry in this case is positive since it does not involve a "win-lose situation". How a listing price is set can be affected by numerous factors. To conclude, it is important to keep the price at a marketable level in order to keep the real estate market stable. What the pricing is called is less significant. The pricing should only be called price. The study is delimited to two companies, Svensk Fastighetsförmedling and Karlsson&Uddare, and can therefore not represent the entire real estate market in Stockholm. The study has been limited to brokers at Svensk Fastighetsförmedling in order to compare the brokers’ views with the views of the management within the company. Since the accepted price is relatively new on the Swedish market, there is also a limitation in comparing similarities and differences over time. Suggestions for future research may therefore be to examine how the accepted price has affected the market for a longer period of time, and how the cooperation of accepted price is progressing. A larger study may also be performed where more firms and brokers could be included in order to generalize to the entire industry. This essay contributes whit the brokers’ opinion about the introduction of accepted price, which has not been examined earlier. In addition to this, the essay contributes with an analysis about cooperations and pricing, which are the main parts with accepted price. It also shows the advantages and disadvantages of being and not being part of the cooperation. Accepted price, Listing price, Time on market, competing cooperations, Svensk Fastighetsförmedling, Karlsson & Uddare.
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Pfister, Matthias. "Delistings of Secondary Listings Price and Volume Effects /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04604765002/$FILE/04604765002.pdf.
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Weidman, Aaron C. "Listen to your pride : informational influence of authentic pride on achievement success." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44438.
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Although the emotion authentic pride is thought to promote achievement, it remains unclear exactly how it facilitates concrete performance outcomes. In five studies, we tested the informational value of authentic pride in achievement contexts. Studies 1-5 showed that authentic pride fluctuates based on achievement outcomes, among individuals who had taken an achievement test—and in some cases had not yet learned their scores—and adults training for long-distance running races. Studies 3-5 demonstrated that individuals who feel low authentic pride change their achievement behaviors (e.g., exam study habits or race training plans) in an effort to attain future success, and Study 4 showed that these changes are beneficial; individuals who had performed poorly on a class exam, and who changed their studying habits in response to low levels of authentic pride, performed better on subsequent exams. Together, these studies demonstrate that authentic pride is a barometer of achievement, and that listening to one’s authentic pride facilitates optimal achievement.
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Gonzalez, Maiz Jimenez Jaime. "The implicit impact of cross-listing on stock prices| A market microstructure perspective - The case of Latin American markets." Thesis, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3585553.
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<p> The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the unexpressed effect of Cross-Listing on stock prices of Companies from Latin America, in particular, I expect stock prices to get closer to their intrinsic or true value after cross-listing. Specifically, I test the impact of the issuance of ADRs on two market microstructure variables, namely, volatility and efficiency, which will be assessed throughout the usage of three models: the GARCH model, which measures the impact on volatility, second, the news impact curve, which assesses the effect of volatility over bad news, and third, the proper ARMA model is specified to gauge efficiency.</p><p> Overall, in 82% of the cases at least one result is as expected, and 49% of results are consistent with the hypotheses. First, in the case of the GARCH model, 59% of the results are as expected, particularly in the case of Brazil 73% of the results are as expected, in the case of Argentina 43% are as expected, Mexico 50%, Chile 40%, Peru 50% and Colombia 100%. On the other hand, 32% of the results show improvements in terms of efficiency, specifically, in the case of Brazil 40% of the results are as expected, in the case of Argentina 43% are as expected, Mexico 25%, Chile 0%, Peru 50% and Colombia 0%. Finally, in the case of the News Impact Curve test, 56% of the results are as expected, in the case of Brazil 67% of the results are as expected, in the case of Argentina 43% are as expected, Mexico 0%, Chile 60%, Peru 100% and Colombia 100%. In contrast, assessing the effect of companies that issue ADRs versus the competition, I find that in 80% of the cases, companies that cross-list are better-off in terms of expected results when comparing with the competitors. Moreover, dividing the findings before and after the introduction of electronic systems in each country, I find that in general, before the introduction of electronic systems, overall, there is a consistency of 54% in the whole region, whereas after the introduction of electronic systems, there is a consistency of only 38% of expected results. This outcome suggests that once the electronic systems are implemented there is an improvement in terms of the information environment, thus reducing the effects of crosslisting This study contributes to the financial literature because it tests the impact of crosslisting on two specified market microstructure variables through the utilization of novel models. </p>
Books on the topic "Price Listing"
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Mashburn, J. L. The postcard price guide: A comprehensive listing ; thousands of prices, representing millions of cards. WorldComm, 1992.
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Greenberg, Bruce C. Greenberg's price guide to Lionel trains, 1901-1942 & 1945-1985--numerical listing. Greenberg Pub. Co., 1985.
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Alan, Hager. Hager's comprehensive price guide to rare baseball cards, 1886 to present: Listing commons, rookies ... Alan Hager Group], 1993.
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Olds, Patrick C. The Barbie doll years: A comprehensive listing & value guide of dolls & accessories. 4th ed. Collector Books, 2001.
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Olds, Patrick C. The Barbie doll years: A comprehensive listing & value guide of dolls & accessories. 5th ed. Collector Books, 2002.
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Olds, Patrick C. The Barbie doll years: 1959-1996 : a comprehensive listing & value guide of dolls & accessories. 2nd ed. Collector Books, 1997.
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Olds, Patrick C. The Barbie doll years: 1959-1995 : a comprehensive listing & value guide of dolls & accessories. Collector Books, 1996.
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Bruce, Colin R. Unusual world coins: A standard catalog of world coins companion listing and price guide of novel non-circulating coins. 3rd ed. Krause Publications, 1992.
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Bruce, Colin R. Unusual world coins: A standard catalog of world coins companion listing and price guide of novel non-circulating coins. Krause Publications, 1987.
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Morrison, Richard. Texas and Western American maps, catalogue prices, 1987-1990: A chronological listing of over 3,000 price entries on maps featuring the U.S. West of the Mississippi. W.M. Morrison Books, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Price Listing"
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James, Tom. "Derivatives Contracts Application Listing and Some Hedging Scenario Examples." In Energy Price Risk. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403946041_12.
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Hilb, Martin. "M&A Governance Case." In Management for Professionals. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48606-8_5.
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AbstractM-Tec is a high-tech computer company based in Geneva, Switzerland. Its shares have traded at values consistently higher than the listing price.The recent acquisition of a rival business of equal size resulted in an additional, positive movement in the share price.Despite the positive performance, however, a major challenge has arised at the board level.Three directors opposed the acquisition based on their conviction that the purchase price was too high.
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Shirakawa, Keiichi, and Toshiyuki Okoshi. "Dual Agency, Commission Levels, and the Effect on Sale Price in Residential Real Estate Market: A Questionnaire Survey on Real Estate Brokers in Japan." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8848-8_12.
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AbstractIn residential real estate market, agents have an incentive to steer their clients to their own listings or buyers rather than offering the best value transaction, which is derived from allowing dual agency and information asymmetry among buyers, sellers, and agents. We estimated the commission levels and sale prices of real estate brokers through a questionnaire survey and found that seven out of ten brokers are closing dual-agency deals and lowering sale prices. We could not find any effects of the number of employees, location of office, and major types of contract on dual agency.
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Arnold, Jonathan. "14. Spiritual Cultures." In Music and Spirituality. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0403.14.
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Recent research has revealed not only the continued growth of interest in traditional western sacred music but also the development of new initiatives that respond to people’s desire to experience spirituality through music. In this chapter, I explore how Kathryn King’s ground-breaking research into choral evensong in England, and Hanna Rijken’s mapping of the growth in popularity of choral evensong in the Netherlands, as well as the results of my own ‘Experience of Music’ surveys all indicate that sacred music, and its ritual-sacral context, leads towards tranquillity, transcendence and sanctuary, re-enchanting both religion and the secular, and leading the listener or participant away from potentially destructive emotions of pride, anger, greed or envy, towards more benevolent feelings of humility, patience, temperance and generosity. Through exploration of current trends in scholarship, I reveal how the liminal space of evensong, with its mystical overtones and transcendental properties, is not a consumerist distraction from the ‘real’ world of work, business, money, or other realities of the everyday that can give us anxiety and stress. It is a retreat into the numinous that can give strength, encouragement, and inspiration to face our problems, and look outwards from our own selfish desires. Both choral evensong and semi-liturgical rituals bring us musical and sacral encounters which can increase our sense of empathy and galvanise us for action. Hearts and minds can be transformed by music and the word in combination, a transformation encouraged by a shared experience. Listening to sacred music in community, even as strangers, can also inspire a broader sense of cohesion and socially committed resolve.
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Rimas, Juozas, and Juozas Rimas Jr. "The Search for Abilities and Characteristics Which Produce Expression of Quality." In Etudes on the Philosophy of Music. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63965-4_4.
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AbstractA series of sub-chapters summarising the subjective abilities necessary for expression in music: 3.1. A Musical Ear. “Inner hearing” vs. acoustic hearing; perfect pitch. Hearing and understanding (G. Colombero, B. Asaf’ev; C.P.E. Bach, R. Schumann). 3.2. Sound Creation. The method developed by C. Martienssen. “Wunderkind complex”. The author’s recording of the Andante from the Cassation in B flat major (KV 63a) by the 13-year-old W. A. Mozart. Six elements of sound creation: pitch volition (Tonwille); timbre volition (Klangwille) (cf. A. Losev: “the otherness of tone“); line volition (Linienwille) (cf. B. Asaf’ev: “melos“); rhythm volition (Rhythmuswille); form volition (Gestaltwille); forming volition (Gestaltungswille). 3.3. The Psychology of Tone. Physical sound vs. musical tone (G. Hegel, E. Kurth; B. Asaf’ev, Y. Nezaykinskiy; G. Scelsi). 3.4. Modulation. Not only as a change of tonality (Aristoxenus, St. Augustine, Heraclitus, the Venerable Bede; A. Šliogeris; B. Asaf’ev). The beauty of music is revealed through the modulations of sound dictated by intonation. 3.5. Intuition. Intuitivist philosophy of art (H. Bergson; A. Andrijauskas). Intuition as cognition which is unconsciously realised (K. Wojtyla). Intuitive vs. mental cognition. Listening to music is important for the development of intuition, like learning a language which requires one to hear it and accumulate (intonational) vocabulary. 3.6. Becoming. The interpreter must release the potential of the being of the work. Becoming is the basis of temporal art, such as music (A. Losev). Transformation of the visual form of the work into its actualisation in sound through intonation (H. Gadamer: Verwandlung; E. Husserl; H. Bergson; Vydūnas, A. Mickevičius, A. Sverdiolas, A. Šliogeris; S. Kowalczyk). 3.7. Imagination. Creative and recreative imagination. Relation of imagination to expression and understanding (L. Wittgenstein, R. Barthes, A. Schopenhauer). Idea and imagination (I. Kant, J. Maritain, F. Schiller; G. Colombero, G. Gachev, V. Nalimov). The goal in musical performance is beauty, while the means is the education of the imagination (V. Daujotytė). 3.8. Intentionality. Intention and intonation (E. Husserl; J. Stolnitz, R. May). Intentionality as a feature of aesthetic experience, with three phases: aesthetic attitude (introductory emotion), aesthetic process and contemplation. 3.9. Emotions. The psychological truth of the fact in artistic consciousness. What you feel is the precursor to understanding it (Aristotle; E. B. de Condillac, R. Wagner). Art as organised emotion attached to experience. Music as a tonal analogue of emotive life (S. Langer). Emotions and feelings. Three kinds of feelings: intellectual, aesthetic and moral (cf. kalokagathia). Music as the art of emotional intelligence (“sensuous showing of the idea”—G. Hegel; art as a central emotion—L. Vygotsky). Action and emotions (K. Wojtyla). Importance of emotions in author’s recordings of the Lithuanian folk song Tu, paukštuke (“You little bird”) and the music for the drama Caligula (J. Andrejevas). Emotions and values. Intuition of duration and vital impetus (élan vital) (H. Bergson; Ž. Jackūnas, A. Andrijauskas). 3.10. Spirituality. One of the qualities which condition the sense of meaning. Cultural activity as the decoding of the spirit (idea) of the work (P. Mantvydas, J. Kubilius, B. Bitinas). Spirituality and technology (G. Steiner: the fatality of technicity lies in the broken links between techne and poiesis). Inner beauty (W. Kandinsky). Expression influenced by the idea: Syrinx by C. Debussy, with the author as oboe soloist. 3.11. Intonation. The understanding of intonation as the grasp of the work’s idea. It is not the tone that makes music, but music that makes the tone. The work has potential intonational meaning. Actualising of the potentiality depends upon the interpreter. Form as a process and as a scheme (B. Asaf’ev). Structure and form (J. Cage). The freedom of interpretation (freedom as the recognition of necessity—G. Hegel; the artist loves their limitations—G. K. Chesterton). Phonetic and syntactical intonation. Intonation vs. form, tone, rhythm, dynamics, tempo, timbre and articulation. 3.12. Values. Value orientation does not exist within the subject in itself (V. Sesemann): a person is “the measure of all things” (Protagoras). The music of every nation does not lose its distinctive characteristics (M. K. Čiurlionis); the author’s recording of a work by R. Šerkšnytė, inspired by The Little Prince of A. de Saint-Exupéry, which is nevertheless imbued with Lithuanian lyricism. Interpretation presupposes a degree of understanding (“thought was supposed to rule over action”—H. Arendt). Discontent with one’s present self is the first step towards values (T. Sodeika, N. Hartmann). Consciousness, by relating to values, becomes cultural (M. Bakhtin). Avoidance of a hedonistic approach to values (“organic mendacity”—M. Scheler; B. de Spinoza; Ž. Jackūnas). The value of the aesthetic (N. Hartmann; Plato, G. Hegel). Values are the basis of meaningful expression.
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Krupa M, Krupa M., and Dr D. Jogish. "A STUDY OF STOCK PERFORMANCE OF IPO’s IN INDIA." In Futuristic Trends in Management Volume 2 Book 8. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs8p1ch2.
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It is an organization which is thinking to grow the business, expand and diversify and for the investor who is invested on the IPO it can be considered as highly speculative opportunity in short term and can earn the dividends in long term on capital appreciation. In this researcher, studied the performance of IPO’s from issue price to last trade price in India during 2018 to 2021 listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE), here the investor prefers to purchase the share at a lower price compared to the issue price & last trade price. Percentage return calculation displays the particular year returns. Investor done the investment only on the image of the company not on the fundamental analysis of the company. Next researcher evaluated the pricing on listing day and progressive growth of IPO return with the help of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, researcher compared the short-term performance with the long-term performance. The study considers the sample of 23 companies that are listed in the year 2018 and it consider the 3 years data from the date of issue for analysis i.e., 2018 to 2021.The study analyzed the return on listing day are more fluctuating. Eleven companies are given good return on the listing day. Study evaluated 23 IPOs for long term period and short-term period returns, in both the period some companies are given promising return, and some are not. The study acknowledges to hold the investment for the longer period that is more than one year to earn the higher return. At last, to minimize the loses investor can sell the overpriced share
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Mathur, Divya, and A. Senthil Kumar. "Advancing Financial Inclusion for Small and Medium Enterprises in India." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9694-0.ch020.
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Financial inclusion also encompasses the broadening of financial services to those people who do not have access, the deepening of financial services for people or enterprises who have minimal access. Given the limited research focused on the financial needs of SMEs at distinct phases of their development, the study understands the metrics like share premium, listing day pricing, and long-term return to assess the SME IPOs with the help of selected SMEs listed on BSESME from 2020 to 2022. The findings attempt to analyse the SME IPOs at short term and long-term level. The data showcase instances where companies experience substantial growth in stock price within a year compared to their listing day price. This suggests that a long-term investment horizon can be beneficial for certain IPOs. This research offers valuable insights for SME investors, analysts, and policymakers. The findings can help build more stable and efficient IPO markets for SMEs, benefiting all stakeholders.
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Matteo, Gargantini, and Siri Michele. "Part II Trading Infrastructures, 6 Stock and Derivatives Exchanges in the EU." In Financial Market Infrastructures: Law and Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198865858.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the regulation of stock and derivatives exchanges in the European Union. Based on a theoretical analysis of exchanges as transaction platforms, it identifies three major economic functions: listing, trading, and data vending. The chapter explores each of these functions separately. As for listing, it highlights the distinction between admission to listing and admission to trading in the European Union, as well as the role of regulated markets’ potential conflicts of interest on that function. As for trading, the chapter explores some key provisions that contribute to creating liquidity, including those concerning market makers, tick sizes, trading obligations, and best execution. It also addresses the regulatory framework on algorithmic and high-frequency trading. As for data vending, the chapter discusses the pre- and post-trade transparency requirements, and the price regulation of market data. Finally, the chapter analyses the determinants of stock and derivatives exchange governance.
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Otter, Dorron. "The economic environment." In The Business Environment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hebz/9780198739920.003.0004.
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This chapter looks into the economic environment. It explores the essential characteristics of the economic environment. The chapter also includes how human beings are always in need of resources due to needs and wants before listing labour, land, capital, and enterprise as to how resources would be grouped. Anything that satisfies needs, wants, and desires are considered commodities. In addition, the chapter explains addressing allocation, distribution, and production makes up for an efficient economic environment. It discusses the operation of neoclassical and Marxist political economies. The chapter also expounds on how markets operate in line with demand, supply, price, and surplus. It then highlights the significance of equilibrium.
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Abdioglu, Nida. "The Role of Corporate Sustainability on Firm Value." In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1196-1.ch012.
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This study investigates the role of listing in sustainability index on the firm values of Borsa Istanbul firms. Furthermore, the interaction effects of some firm specific characteristics on firm value are investigated. Firstly, the impact of each firm specific characteristics, and mainly sustainability dummy, on firm value is analysed. It is found that firms that are listed in BIST Sustainability Index have higher firm values. Secondly, the interaction terms with sustainability dummy and each firm-specific characteristic are created. It is concluded that, among the firms listed in BIST sustainability index, firms with higher leverage ratios, lower current ratios, lower price to equity ratios, lower asset turnover ratios, and lower tangibility ratios have higher firm values.
Conference papers on the topic "Price Listing"
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"MEXICO CITY'S AIRBNB LISTING PRICE ANALYSIS USING REGRESSION." In International Conferences on ICT, Society and Human Beings (ICT 2020), Connected Smart Cities (CSC 2020) and Web Based Communities and Social Media (WBC 2020). IADIS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ict_csc_wbc_2020_202008l017.
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Garlapati, Anusha, Kavya Garlapati, Neeraj Malisetty, Doredla Radha Krishna, and Gayathri Narayana. "Price Listing Predictions and Forthcoming Analysis of Airbnb." In 2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579773.
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Zhu, Haoyu, and Jiaying Cui. "Secondhand Sailboat Listing Price Prediction Model Based on GBDT Algorithm." In ICMLCA 2023: 2023 4th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computer Application. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3650215.3650309.
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Van der Vlist, Arno, and Xiaolong Liu. "Listing strategies and housing busts: cutting loss or cutting list price?" In 24th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2017_366.
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Liu, Songqing. "Sailing ship listing price forecast analysis based on support vector machine." In CSAIDE 2024: 2024 3rd International Conference on Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy. ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3672919.3673015.
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Rudenok, Olha. "Strategic tools for optimizing the ownership concentration in the corporate sector." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.08.
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The article contains research on the listing requirements for shareholder ownership, established by stock exchanges of different countries. Stock exchanges of such countries as Ukraine, USA, Japan, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, France, China, and Poland were considered for comparative analysis of listing requirements. Among the requirements for shareholder ownership of issuers were considered: the minimum Free float, the number of shareholders, the share price, the market capitalization of the tradable shares, the number of tradable shares, and requirements for minority shareholders. Also, the issue of compliance with the requirements of listing as a strategic tool for optimizing the ownership concentration was investigated. The prospects of the Ukrainian corporate sector in terms of compliance with the established listing requirements (from the standpoint of requirements for the shareholder ownership structure) were assessed. Optimizing the ownership concentration of corporations involves the distribution of ownership rights among shareholders, which will help to increase the efficiency of the company and ensure the achievement of its strategic goals.
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Arslanli, Kerem Yavuz, and Samet Dibek. "House Price Modeling under Covid-19: Analysis of parameters on online listing platforms." In 28th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2022_209.
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Niu, Chengwen, Huaxin Hou, Yaxuan Shen, and Zhongguo Zhou. "The listing price prediction of used sailboats based on LM-BP Neural Network." In 2023 IEEE 7th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec57671.2023.10292038.
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Hu, Xingcun, and Yongfan Ma. "The Effect of Equity Concentration, Dual Listing and Audit Quality on Stock Price Synchronicity." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.194.
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Lei, Zhiwei, and Haisheng Li. "Cross Listing and Price Volatility Based on Time Series Filter in Chinese Stock Market." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577574.
Full textReports on the topic "Price Listing"
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Kwesiga, Victoria, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Compliance to GMP guidelines for Herbal Manufacturers in East Africa: A Position Paper. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317428.
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With the global increase in the use of traditional and complementary remedies for the prevention and treatment of illness, the quality and safety of these medicines have become a significant concern for all regulatory authorities. Herbal medicines are the most commonly used form of traditional and complementary medicines in the world and the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines, like conventional medicines, largely depends on their quality from planting to harvesting, preprocessing and final processing. Due to the inherent complexity of herbal medicines, often containing an array of active compounds, the primary processing of herbal medicines has a direct influence on their quality. Quality concerns are the reason why the medicines regulatory agencies insist that manufacturers of medicines strictly follow Good Manufacturing Practices since it is an essential tool to prevent instances of contamination, mix-ups, deviations, failures and errors. However, a strict application of GMP requirements is expensive and would drive the prices of the manufactured products up. As a result, a maturity level grading of facilities is proposed as a way of justifying the costs incurred for manufacturers desiring to reach a broader market and investing in continuous improvement. 36 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports of local herbal manufacturers conducted by National Drug Authority were analyzed to establish the type and extent of deficiencies to GMP requirements for local herbal manufacturers in Uganda. The different GMP chapters and related sub-parameters constituted the variables used for the analysis of conformity to requirements. The primary outcome variable was the conclusion regarding compliance or noncompliance of the inspected local herbal manufacturing facility. GMP parameters that were frequently defaulted by local herbal manufacturers and the corresponding frequencies were identified. The Pearson Chi-square test was applied independently on each category to find the association that existed between conformity and the questions in each category. Only 22% (8) of the 30 inspected facilities were found to comply with GMP requirements, as per National Drug Authority (NDA) guidelines; while the majority of the facilities, 28 (78%), were found not to comply. Of the facilities inspected, 25 were undergoing GMP inspection for the first time. A total of 1,236 deficiency observations were made in the 36 inspection reports reviewed for the study. The mean for all deficiencies was 34.3, and the standard deviation was 15.829. 91.5% of the facilities did not have mechanisms for a record of market complaints; 80.9% did not meet documentation requirements; 78.9% did not have quality control measures in place, and 65.7% did not meet stores requirements. By encouraging a culture of self/voluntary improvement through the introduction of listing of manufacturers based on a maturity level grading, the National Drug Authority will improve the Herbal Medicines sector as per the mandate of improving the herbal medicine industry. Also, increased sensitization of all relevant stakeholders regarding the requirements for GMP should be intensified.
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NIST Standard Reference Materials program 1998 price list and updated certificate listing. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.260supp1998.
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