Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pricing details

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pricing details'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pricing details"

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Pironneau, Olivier. "Pricing futures by deterministic methods." Acta Numerica 21 (April 19, 2012): 577–671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492912000074.

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In this article we will focus on only a small part of financial mathematics, namely the use of partial differential equations for pricing futures. Even within this narrow range it is hard to be systematic and complete, or even to do better than existing books such as Wilmott, Howison and Dewynne (1995), Achdou and Pironneau (2005), or software manuals such as Lapeyre, Martini and Sulem (2010). So this article may be valuable only to the extent that it reflects ten years of teaching, conferences and interaction with the protagonists of financial mathematics.Also, because the theory of partial differential equations is not always well known, we have chosen a pragmatic approach and left out the details of the theory or the proofs of some results, and refer the reader to other books. The numerical algorithms, on the other hand, are given in detail.
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McGavock, H. "Prescription pricing databases should include more details to assess prescribing rationality." BMJ 322, no. 7279 (January 20, 2001): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7279.173.

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Gilardino, R., D. Guarin, Márquez MC Bustos, and J. C. Forero. "PMU43 VALUE-Based Pricing in Colombia: The Devil Is in the Details." Value in Health 24 (June 2021): S152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.04.755.

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Zahid, Adnan, M. Adeel Zaffar, and Hamza Aurengzeb. "A Johnny Amidst Jugnus." Asian Journal of Management Cases 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820120978709.

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The case recounts the story of Johnny and Jugnu, the fast-food restaurant’s initial journey. The story is then supplemented by details of the marketing mix (price, product, place and promotion). All decisions have been made, except for the pricing decision. The case hinges on this important decision. The four partners seem to disagree on pricing, and the case data helps students make this decision for the protagonists.
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Pandey, Neeraj, and Anish Kumar. "Responding to 4G telecom pricing war: ignore, accommodate or retaliate." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2017-0251.

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Subject area Marketing, Pricing, Strategic marketing. Study level/applicability The case is developed for an MBA-level program. Case overview In May 2017, the telecom industry in India witnessed an intense price war over 4G (fourth generation) data prices. Gopal Vittal, CEO of Bharti Airtel was exploring various options on how best to respond to the situation. He had to take a final call regarding Bharti Airtel’s marketing team’s counter move to tackle this price war by Jio – should Bharti Airtel ignore it, accommodate it or retaliate with even lower prices? Bharti Airtel strongly believed that Jio pricing structure had violated “fair pricing” norms, and its pricing was anti-competitive. It had filed a case with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) and the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to restrain Jio from further giving “free” promotional offers and penalize it for it. Could the legal recourse by Bharti Airtel dampen Jio’s consistent subscriber growth rate? Expected learning outcomes The case provides the students with an insight into how the competition focused on pricing happens in the telecom industry. The pricing war affects the profit margin of all competing companies. It changes the customer reference point for evaluating the competing products and services. The students would also learn practical applications of positive-sum pricing, pricing war, fair pricing and legal aspects of pricing. This case provides the students with an opportunity to understand the pricing war and how to respond to it in a particular situation; understand positive-sum pricing and negative-sum pricing in telecom industry context; understand legal aspects of pricing; and how to leverage data for gaining newer customer insights. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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Viglia, Giampaolo, Marta Maras, Jan Schumann, and Daniel Navarro-Martinez. "Paying Before or Paying After? Timing and Uncertainty in Pay-What-You-Want Pricing." Journal of Service Research 22, no. 3 (March 10, 2019): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835308.

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Pay what you want (PWYW) is a relatively new and promising pricing mechanism, where consumers have full control over the price they pay. It can potentially increase profits, but its practical applications have produced mixed results. The time of payment, and its implications for consumer uncertainty, might constitute an important determinant of the profitability of such pricing schemes for service providers. A large field experiment conducted in conventional and fast-food restaurants provides initial support that paying after consumption increases PWYW amounts. A laboratory study then details the underlying psychological process; payments after consumption help resolve uncertainty about the service process and service outcome. Another study affirms these insights and further shows that PWYW after consumption, compared with fixed pricing, can increase profitability due to enhanced service capacity utilization. By detailing how timing and uncertainty reduction affect consumers’ chosen payments, this article contributes to PWYW research in particular, as well as more general literature pertaining to the dynamics that affect consumers’ service experiences and service pricing studies.
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SENGUPTA, INDRANIL. "GENERALIZED BN–S STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL FOR OPTION PRICING." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 19, no. 02 (March 2016): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021902491650014x.

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In this paper, a class of generalized Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (BN–S) models is investigated from the viewpoint of derivative asset analysis. Incompleteness of this type of markets is studied in terms of equivalent martingale measures (EMM). Variance process is studied in details for the case of Inverse-Gaussian distribution. Various structure preserving subclasses of EMMs are derived. The model is then effectively used for pricing European style options and fitting implied volatility smiles.
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Salinger, Michael A. "The New Vertical Merger Guidelines: Muddying the Waters." Review of Industrial Organization 59, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-021-09824-z.

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AbstractThe new U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Vertical Merger Guidelines focus on how vertical mergers are likely to affect static pricing incentives. While vertical mergers can create incentives to increase prices, they can also provide incentives to decrease prices. Which of the possible outcomes is likely to occur depends on details that are generally difficult to measure. Potential competition between dominant firms, the theory of potential harm to competition that the 1984 Department of Justice Merger Guidelines stressed, remains a more compelling rationale for blocking vertical mergers than the likely effect on static pricing incentives.
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Zimmermann, Fabian, Mikko Heino, and Stein Ivar Steinshamn. "Does size matter? A bioeconomic perspective on optimal harvesting when price is size-dependent." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 9 (September 2011): 1651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-093.

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Body size is a key parameter influencing demographic characteristics of fish populations as well as market value of landed catch. Yet in bioeconomic modelling, body size is often an overlooked biological and economic parameter. Here we evaluate how size-dependent pricing influences optimal harvest strategies in a model parameterized for two pelagic fisheries, those targeting Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus ) and Atlantic mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ), in Norway. In our model, positively size-dependent pricing clearly shifts optimal harvest strategies towards lower harvest rates and higher mean body size of caught fish. The results are relatively insensitive to biological (e.g., natural mortality) and economic details of the model (e.g., discount rate or demand function). These findings show that size-dependent pricing influences optimal harvest strategies aiming at maximum economic yield and, hence, requires more attention in resource economics and in fisheries management.
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Docters, Robert G. "The real mission of pricing: beyond numbers to management partner." Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-02-2015-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to point out that most pricing organizations are not forward looking, rather they are focused on outdated price points and reviewing past negotiations. For the greatest return, pricing organizations must be strategic, and this will boost returns from 1-2 per cent (which may represent the “Hawthorne Effect”) to 5-10+% revenue growth. Design/methodology/approach The author examines best practices in the airline, hi-tech, software, chemical, diagnostic testing and manufacturing industries. Case studies show that sales and other line organizations are highly adept at subverting pricing rules not compatible with market dynamics. Findings Pricing organizations must be designed with broader scope of influence and situated so as to work closely with other functions. Pricing organizations require “analytic horsepower” to correctly anticipate the market, and be credible within company. The head of pricing must be sufficiently senior (VP or SVP) to be part of top-management dialogues for sufficient results. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on examination of 20+ industries only. Practical implications The author offers guidance on organizational structure, resources and return on building a world-class pricing function, and highlights common mis-steps and best practices. Social implications The paper also details the differences between a narrow “transactional” approval function and a strategic market-oriented function. Social implication is moving from focus on increasing price level to increasing revenues and better price structures which address needs. Originality/value This paper offers a new perspective on pricing functions within companies. Most managers are not aware that pricing organizations are focused on the past. The papers’ value is to shift management focus to future pricing challenges, new structures, price points, discounting rules and competitors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pricing details"

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Vrbková, Lucie. "Vytvoření cenových podkladů pro stanovení tržního nájemného v bytech pro lokalitu Brno - Královo Pole." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232535.

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The goal of this diploma thesis was creation of pricing details for the determination of open-market rent without regulation of prices for apartments for the Brno – Královo Pole locality. As a basis for diploma were used data of achieving market rents taken from databases of two estate agencies. Apartments were divided into categories according disposition on small, middle, large and luxury. In each category was defined a standard from which was basic price made. After that were created twelve groups which enabled to judge influence of each factor on rent. As a factor (quantity) influencing a rent were defined – state of property, characteristic type of construction, equipment of apartment. As a result was total summary of basic rental prices for each categories relating to floor area and was defined influence of each factor.
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Books on the topic "Pricing details"

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Limited, Broxap &. Corby. Broxap streetscene: Street furniture, traffic control, facilities management : full pricing information, detailed specification. 2nd ed. Newcastle-under-Lyme: Broxap, 1998.

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Landesmann, Michael A. Vertical product differentiation in EU markets: Compilation of detailed statistics. [Vienna]: Vienna Institute for Comparative Economic Studies, 1997.

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Afanas'ev, Mihail, Mihail Bendikov, and Stanislav Korunov. Fundamentals of the economy of space activities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018193.

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The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".
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Company, R. S. Means. Contractor's Pricing Guide: Residential Detailed Costs (Means Contractor's Pricing Guides). Robert S Means Co, 1996.

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Lux, Thomas, and Mawuli Segnon. Multifractal Models in Finance. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.8.

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This chapter provides an overview over the recently developed so-called multifractal (MF) approach for modeling and forecasting volatility. For analysts and policy makers, volatility is a key variable for understanding market fluctuations. Analysts need accurate forecasts of volatility for tasks such as risk management, as well as option and futures pricing. In addition, asset market volatility plays an important role in monetary policy. The chapter, then, outlines the genesis of the multifractal approach from similar models of turbulent flows in statistical physics and provides details about different specifications of multifractal time series models in finance, available methods for their estimation, and the current state of their empirical applications.
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Contractors Pricing Guide 2006: Residential Detailed Costs. RS Means CMD, 2005.

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Contractor's Pricing Guide : Residential Detailed Costs 2002. R.S. Means Company, 2001.

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Contractor's Pricing Guide: Residential Detailed Costs 2001. R.S. Means Company, 2000.

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Company, R. S. Means. Contractor's Pricing Guide: Residential Detailed Costs 1999. Robert S Means Co, 1998.

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Mewis, Robert W. Contractor's Pricing Guide: Residential Detailed Costs 1995. Robert S Means Co, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pricing details"

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Hsu, Y. L., T. I. Lin, and C. F. Lee. "Constant Elasticity of Variance Option Pricing Model: Integration and Detailed Derivation." In Handbook of Quantitative Finance and Risk Management, 471–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77117-5_31.

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Lee, Cheng-Few, Hong-Yi Chen, and John Lee. "Constant Elasticity of Variance Option Pricing Model: Integration and Detailed Derivation." In Financial Econometrics, Mathematics and Statistics, 571–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9429-8_22.

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Vieru, Markku, and Janne Peltoniemi. "Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Pricing of Small Business Loans." In Sustainability Reporting, Ethics, and Strategic Management Strategies for Modern Organizations, 146–69. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4637-6.ch009.

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This study analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in small business finance in Finland, especially within relationship banking. The study combines credit-file data obtained from a large local Finnish bank with a CSR questionnaire conducted with the bank's business loan managers. The credit-file data contain specific details of CSR characteristics, as well as relationship-, collateral-, firm-, and loan-specific characteristics. CSR, typically considered as a non-financial item, contains value-relevant financial information which affects the loan pricing level. The results show that both overinvestment in CSR and the value created by CSR are valid but connected to different CSR characteristics. Overinvestment is associated with the environment and value creation with diversity and employees. The results contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of CSR in the context of small business bank lending, as well as more generally to important implications for small firms, banks, and management practices.
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Vieru, Markku, and Janne Peltoniemi. "Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Pricing of Small Business Loans." In Research Anthology on Small Business Strategies for Success and Survival, 1226–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9155-0.ch060.

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This study analyzes corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues in small business finance in Finland, especially within relationship banking. The study combines credit-file data obtained from a large local Finnish bank with a CSR questionnaire conducted with the bank's business loan managers. The credit-file data contain specific details of CSR characteristics, as well as relationship-, collateral-, firm-, and loan-specific characteristics. CSR, typically considered as a non-financial item, contains value-relevant financial information which affects the loan pricing level. The results show that both overinvestment in CSR and the value created by CSR are valid but connected to different CSR characteristics. Overinvestment is associated with the environment and value creation with diversity and employees. The results contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of CSR in the context of small business bank lending, as well as more generally to important implications for small firms, banks, and management practices.
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Björk, Tomas. "Arbitrage Pricing." In Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time, 95–118. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851615.003.0007.

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The chapter starts with a detailed discussion of the bank account in discrete and continuous time. The Black–Scholes model is then introduced, and using the principle of no arbitrage we study the problem of pricing an arbitrary financial derivative within this model. Using the classical delta hedging approach we derive the Black–Scholes PDE for the pricing problem and using Feynman–Kač we also derive the corresponding risk neutral valuation formula and discuss the connection to martingale measures. Some concrete examples are studied in detail and the Black–Scholes formula is derived. We also discuss forward and futures contracts, and we derive the Black-76 futures option formula. We finally discuss the concepts and roles of historic and implied volatility.
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Davis, Tom P., and Dmitri Mossessian. "Yield Curves, Swap Curves, and Term Structure of Interest Rates." In Debt Markets and Investments, 203–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877439.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses multiple definitions of the yield curve and provides a conceptual understanding on the construction of yield curves for several markets. It reviews several definitions of the yield curve and examines the basic principles of the arbitrage-free pricing as they apply to yield curve construction. The chapter also reviews cases in which the no-arbitrage assumption is dropped from the yield curve, and then moves to specifics of the arbitrage-free curve construction for bond and swap markets. The concepts of equilibrium and market curves are introduced. The details of construction of both types of the curve are illustrated with examples from the U.S. Treasury market and the U.S. interest rate swap market. The chapter concludes by examining the major changes to the swap curve construction process caused by the financial crisis of 2007–2008 that made a profound impact on the interest rate swap markets.
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"STL Algorithms in Detail." In Financial Instrument Pricing Using C++ 2e + Website, 551–88. Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119170518.ch17.

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"Carbon pricing in 2015 – Detailed analysis." In Effective Carbon Rates 2018, 39–74. OECD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264305304-5-en.

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Ahdar, Rex. "Powerful Firms and Monopolizing Conduct." In The Evolution of Competition Law in New Zealand, 152–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855606.003.0006.

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New Zealand’s efforts to rein in the anticompetitive conduct of market dominant firms has been disappointing overall. Its track record, in terms of the number of successful challenges, has been dismal. The early cases under the 1986 Act were promising with some notable victories for plaintiffs. But this was not to last. A large part of this chapter details the shadow cast by the Privy Council in the momentous Clear v Telecom saga in the mid-1990s. Their Lordships promulgated a stringent “counterfactual” test for contravening conduct under s 36 (the monopolization prohibition), one that almost spelt the death knell for meaningful enforcement of the section. A major attempt to restore the effectiveness of s 36 and reverse the effect of the London ruling was made by Parliament in 2001, but that proved unavailing. Moreover, the Supreme Court, the replacement for the Privy Council, determined that the counterfactual test ought to be retained. Despite the unabridged severity of the test, a few stubborn victories against monopolizing firms were still recorded. Nonetheless, policymakers have determined that reform is required. One proposal is to revise s 36 to embrace a SLC test. The chapter also considers the dormant intellectual property exemption in s 36. New Zealand’s experience of refusals to deal (“essential faculties” doctrine) and predatory pricing are also analysed.
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Loy, Jens-Peter, Thomas Glauben, and Amelie Mongrowius. "Price Promotions in Space and Time." In New Developments in the Brewing Industry, 118–37. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854609.003.0006.

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German consumers indicate a strong affection for locally produced beer brands and demand varies significantly throughout the year. In particular, nationwide distributed brands need to respond to consumer loyalty towards local brands (spatial pricing) and the seasonality of demand (temporal pricing) through their pricing strategy. Some theoretical models derive hypotheses for optimal spatial and temporal pricing strategies under these circumstances. Contrary to neoclassical intuition, brands promote more aggressively in their home markets and in periods of peak demand. Employing a detailed data set of weekly promotional prices for German beer during the period from 2000 to 2012, we find evidence to support these hypotheses. The results indicate that brand loyalty has dynamic effects and consumer search is more intensive in periods of peak demand.
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Conference papers on the topic "Pricing details"

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Li, Xiaoyu, Qiang Xu, Minghua Zhao, Chengwen Qian, Jing Jin, and Jingjun Xi. "Research on Pricing Formulation Method for Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline Network Transporting." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90090.

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With the completion of the second line project of West-East Gas Transmission in 2011, the third line of West-East Gas Transmission will be started soon and the fourth line and the fifth line will be started in recent five years. China will form one of the largest natural gas pipeline network in the world. The gas supply mode will be changed from single gas source and single-pipeline supply to multi-source and multi-pipeline supply through regulation and coordination, which will impact on existing pricing mechanism and operation mode of Chinese natural gas industry violently. Depending on the development trend of natural gas pipeline network, the regionalization management mode of natural gas pipeline will be implemented gradually. Chinese natural gas industry also needs to develop a new-type market-oriented operation mode with clear interfaces between production, transportation, distribution and customers so as to facilitate the optimal allocation of resources. By the customized scientific research of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation), combining with existing pricing mechanism of natural gas pipeline and economic characteristics of long-distance natural gas pipeline transportation in China, the paper studied the pricing mechanism problem of combined transportation of multi-source and mutli-pipeline gas supply in the regionalization management mechanism, presented the idea of pricing formulation method of two kinds of pipeline network transportation based on standard rates of pipeline transportation and service cost rules, formed pricing formulation system of natural gas pipeline transportation, introduced the design idea, structural construction, distribution method and key points of natural gas pipeline transportation in details, and demonstrated the methods by example calculation. The methods presented in the paper can meet the pricing requirements of natural gas pipeline network transportation, remedy the defect in existing price accounting mechanism, solve the problem that the income and expenses among different interest bodies are not balanced, and facilitate the rapid development of natural gas pipeline business.
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Ochs, Elspeth, and Patricia Iglesias Victoria. "Graduation Design Project: Designing and Building a Pin-on-Disk Tribometer." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51148.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe an independent study project required before graduation with a master of engineering degree in the department of mechanical engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology. The goal of this graduation project was to design and build a Pin-on-Disk Tribometer. The tribometer will be used by the department for future student research projects. This paper includes the details of the design process, such as adaptations from existing tribometers, all required calculations, and descriptions of the machining and assembly. New design concepts presented demonstrate simplicity of construction and use. The required calculations include shear and bending moments in the arm, bearing calculations, lead screw load analysis, counterweight balancing, torque calculations for selecting the correct motor, and strain calculations for determining the correct strain gage set-up. The paper details part selection, pricing, machining, and assembly. Mistakes and alternate design considerations are also discussed.
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Shiau, Ching-Shin, and Jeremy J. Michalek. "Should Designers Worry About Market Systems?" In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49137.

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Engineering approaches for optimizing designs within a market context generally take the perspective of a single producer, asking what design and price point will maximize producer profit predicted by consumer choice simulations. These approaches treat competitors and retailers as fixed or nonexistent, and they take business-oriented details, such as the structure of distribution channels, as separate issues that can be addressed post hoc by other disciplines. It is well established that the structure of market systems influences optimal product pricing. In this paper, we investigate whether two types of these structures also influence optimal product design decisions; specifically, 1) consumer heterogeneity and 2) distribution channels. We first model firms as players in a profit-seeking game that compete on product attributes and prices. We then model the interactions of manufacturers and retailers in Nash competition under alternative market structures and compare the equilibrium conditions for each case. We find that when consumers are modeled as homogeneous in their preferences, optimal design can be decoupled from the game, and design decisions can be made without regard to price, competition, or channel structure. However, when consumer preferences are heterogeneous, the behavior of competitors and retailers is key to determining which designs are profitable. We examine the extent of this effect in a vehicle design case study from the literature and find that the presence of heterogeneity leads different market structures to imply significantly different profit-maximizing designs.
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Diakov, Victor, and Walter Short. "The Value of Geographic Diversity of Wind and Solar: A Vector Analysis." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63880.

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The variability of wind and solar is perceived as a major obstacle in employing otherwise abundant renewable energy resources. Based on the available geographically dispersed data for the WECC U.S. area (excluding Alaska) and eastern U.S., we analyze to what extent the geographic diversity of these resources can offset their variability. It is common to discern baseload (i.e. constantly employed cheaper power generation, as from nuclear and coal plants) from more expensive dispatchable power sources which help meet variable electric load. The spot electricity price depends on the difference between the load and baseload. With significant amounts of power coming from wind and solar, we use generation with low variable cost (GLVC) to include baseload and wind/solar generation. The GLVC will then become variable as well. The electricity price, however, will be determined by the difference between load and GLVC. While the details of future electricity spot-pricing are harder to predict, the overall trend will remain: a higher hourly difference between load and the low-variable-cost generation increases the electricity price. This difference can serve as an approximate measure of the (hourly) revenue from producing electricity. Currently, the variable load follows fairly well defined daily and weekly load cycles. Significant amount of wind-produced power will inevitably alter the cyclic nature for the variable load time-dependence. Additionally, wind and solar farms generation profiles may be expected to poorly correlate with the variable load. We determine the set of wind and PV sites that best matches the load; we also show that the generation from any wind or PV site from the optimal set is positively correlated with the remaining variable load. The geographic distribution of optimal generation sites, e.g. North vs. South, shows features similar to phase transitions.
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Leemans, Adam, Martin Baker, Gunnar Tamm, Daniel Andrews, Elsa Johnson, Brendan Hickey, and Nathaniel Martins. "Energy Security Analysis for West Point Training Camps." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6682.

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The United States Military Academy has been charged with reaching Net Zero Energy consumption by 2020. Feasibility assessments to this point have neglected the field facilities used for military training, which are remote locations susceptible to power loss and subject to a higher rate structure for electricity than the rest of the installation. An energy security analysis methodology is described and applied to the training camps at West Point. This began with identifying the mission of the camps and critical power needs based on discussions with the customer, the Director of Cadet Military Training. Details of power and energy usage along with supply and delivery cost structure were provided by the utility and the facility Energy Manager. Conventional and renewable resource potentials were assessed to meet the load profile within financial constraints and funding opportunities unique to a federal government agency. The final recommendation is to incorporate three different technologies: a 50 kW photovoltaic solar system installed through a power purchase agreement, two small scale hydropower systems totaling 30 kW, and a lake based cooling system to provide air conditioning. The installation of these three systems would move the installation closer to the Net Zero Energy goal and lower the energy requirements to provide cooling. Altogether the proposed project would pay back in 16 years with an expected lifespan of 20–30 years. Batteries, generators, and pumped hydro were also examined as possible energy storage options and to shave the peak electrical load. However, the lack of on peak/off peak pricing made these options less viable. These recommendations will increase West Point’s energy security, progress towards the Net Zero Energy goal, and provide cost savings over current utility expenditures.
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Amadeu, Antonio L., Fernando Vinturin, Guilherme A. Zimeo Morais, Maickel Hubner, Eduardo M. Pereira, and Marcelo Santos. "Machine Learning based Pricing Methodology for the Logistic Domain: a Preliminary Approach." In Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/semish.2021.15819.

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In this work, we introduce a new methodology to discover logistic regions for pricing. We use value-based characteristics from different sources, such as demographic, socioeconomic, risk, transportation, among others, to find homogeneous and valuable pricing regions. The problem was formulated as a traditional cluster solution, where well-know metrics, such as BIC and silhouette score, were used for technical validation, and business premises and constraints, operational and sales, where used to enrich feature engineering and refine cluster formation. The results presented here are from a preliminary work that was validated through several sessions with stakeholders of interest, but it is still missing the market validation. Indeed, this work will be deployed soon and a more detailed validation process, including client adherence, will be performed and monitored until the end of this year.
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Wang, Yong, and Lin Li. "Joint Production and Energy Modeling of Sustainable Manufacturing Systems: Challenges and Methods." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4068.

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This paper proposes a framework for addressing challenges of joint production and energy modeling of sustainable manufacturing systems. The knowledge generated is used to improve the technological readiness of manufacturing enterprises for the transition towards sustainable manufacturing. Detailed research tasks of the framework are on the modeling of production, energy efficiency, electricity demand, cost, and demand response decision making. Specifically, the dynamics and performance measures of general manufacturing systems with multiple machines and buffers are modeled to integrate energy use into system modeling. The expressions of electrical energy efficiency and cost are then established based on the electricity pricing profile. Finally, joint production and energy scheduling problem formulations and the solution technique are discussed. New insights are acquired based on the applications of the established model in system parameter selection, rate plan switching decision making, and demand response scheduling. Appropriate implementation of this research outcome may lead to energy-efficient, demand-responsive, and cost-effective operations and thus improve the sustainability of modern manufacturing systems.
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Sweat-Guy, Retta, and Nicole Buzzetto-More. "A Comparative Analysis of Common E-Portfolio Features and Available Platforms." In InSITE 2007: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3108.

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Assessment of student learning outcomes plays an important role in educational effectiveness, improvement, and sustainability that is increasingly being recognized and required by accrediting bodies (Buzzetto-More, 2006; Haken, 2006). A form of performance-based assessment that is growing in popularity and is heralded for its purposeful, dynamic, and integrated nature is the portfolio (Cooper, 1999; ePort, 2003; Paulson, Paulson, & Meyer, 1991). Electronic portfolios encourage students to engage in self reflection by providing a broad range of means for expressing the total learning experience as linked to standards and learning outcomes (AAHE, 2001; Barett, 2004; ePort, 2003; Martell & Calderon, 2005; Popper, 2005). They are an effective form of assessment that encourages students and educators to examine skills that may not be otherwise accessed using traditional means such as higher order thinking, communications, and collaborative abilities (Buzzetto-More, 2006; Wright, 2004). Electronic portfolios can be created using tools ranging from off-the-shelf generic software applications to widely available systems. This paper will focus on the latter by investigating the eight most widely available systems and by providing a detailed examination of their platform features. A matrix has been provided that offers a side-by-side comparison of the platforms by a variety of features that include: learning outcomes, rubrics, storage, support, assessments, surveys, advisement, communication, collaboration, data collection/reporting, intended user, supporting file types, pricing structure, and accessibility.
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Cao, Chong, Luting Wang, Bo Chen, Jason Harper, Theodore Bohn, Daniel Dobrzynski, and Keith Hardy. "Real-Time Modeling to Enable Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Plug-In Electric Vehicle-Grid Interaction." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67390.

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Real-Time simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing are increasingly adopted by industry for the development and validation of complex systems. This paper presents the real-time modeling and power management of a Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) system. The VGI system consists of six AC level 2 Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging stations, a Photovoltaics (PV) farm, a commercial building load, and a switch connecting to 240V single phase power grid. PEV charging activities follow the SAE J1772 standard. An energy management algorithm is designed for the VGI system to coordinate the PEV charging with the building load and PV renewable generation. The coordination maintains the power consumption of the VGI system below utility’s demand charge pricing threshold. A real-time power system simulator, Opal-RT, is used in this study. The OPAL-RT system allows users to build detailed power system models using Matlab Simulink/SimPowerSystems and RT-LAB library, and run the models in real-time. The model-based approach enables the integration of power system models seamlessly with the power management algorithm and power electronics-level controllers. The simulation results show that the VGI model emulates the real system well and the coordinated PEV charging helps to balance the power generation and consumption of the VGI system to meet power management requirement.
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Eswara, Arun Kishore, S. C. Misra, and U. S. Ramesh. "Introduction to natural gas: A comparative study of its storage, fuel costs and emissions for a harbor tug." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-t22.

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This paper discusses the science of natural gas, its composition and ways to determine and coherently express its physical and chemical properties. Pricing of natural gas is shown with regard to weight and energy. A 60 Ton harbor tug employing either a set of constant rpm engines for CPP operation, or a set of variable rpm engines for FPP operation, with a standard load profile is made the basis for discussion. Advantage of evaluating thermal efficiency of gas engines relative to the higher heating value of natural gas, as against its lower heating value is explained. A compendium of storage options and the resulting endurance with the use of natural gas forms such as liquified gas (LNG), compressed gas (CNG) and adsorbed gas (ANG) is presented. Steps to ascertain fuel consumption of the gas engines operated according to the load profile and an approach to evaluate and relate the quantities of LNG, CNG and ANG is shown. Fuel costs and emissions from the tug operation using natural gas as fuel are evaluated per month and compared with diesel and residual fuels. Green House Gas emissions as a summation of emission constituents from the natural gas fuelled tug operation is detailed, and its need emphasized. The concepts of useful work done, emission efficiency parameter and energy efficiency parameter, which may be helpful in the design of harbor tugs and similar service vessels are proposed. The emission efficiency parameter is evaluated and analyzed for the 60 ton harbor tug.
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Reports on the topic "Pricing details"

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Yusgiantoro, Filda Citra, Massita Ayu Cindy, and Diwangkara Bagus Nugraha. Evaluating the New Regulated Gas Pricing Policy for Industrial Customers in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.001.

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The objective of the GoI to regulate an affordable natural gas price through MEMR Regulation No. 8/2020 undoubtedly benefit the industrial sector. However, the regulation should be carefully implemented and monitored to prevent revenue loss in the natural gas business entities and avoid underperforming gas users/industries. The study finds three main issues in implementing the new regulated natural gas price. First, the compensation limit for the upstream natural gas entities is problematic for KKKS, whose annual loss is higher than the annual government take. Second, a detailed incentive mechanism for natural gas transmission and distribution companies is unavailable. And third, the evaluation scheme on the industry’s performance remains unclear.
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