Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prière – Islam – Études comparatives'
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Abou, Khalifa Mohamed Salama. "L'expérience spirituelle dans la prière chez les mystiques chrétiens et musulmans jusqu'au XIIIe S-VIIe S. H : étude comparative." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO31007.
Full textLupascu, Silviu. "L'imaginaire religieux au carrefour des espaces sacrés." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0030.
Full textMr. Silviu Dan Lupascu's Ph. D. Thesis, entitled The religious imagination at the crossroad of the sacred spaces, unveils the spiritual continuity of the world beyond the boundaries separating religious universes and sacred texts. According to this approach, the complex relationship which exists between the religious spaces is not governed by autarchy or conflict, but by the harmony of the synchrony, by the mutual exchange of ideas, values and traditions which involve the accomplishment of the human being. The theocratical origins of the theological fulfilment of the human being are scrutinized within the context of the meeting of man and God in the unseen realm of the religious truth, where the human "I-ness" vanishes into the Divine "I-ness". The essence and the multiple hypotasis of this meeting are revealed at the crossroad of the sacred spaces, through the study of characteristic phenomena : rewriting of sacred texts, borrowing of ideas, assimilation of traditions and rituals. Conceived according to the principles of comparative religious studies, the thesis defines itself as an outcome of different fields of research : history of religions, theology, philosophy of religion, anthropology, history of culture and history of ideas
Rømhild, Katrine. "Modes et facteurs de la politisation autour de l'islam : le cas du Danemark en perspective comparative avec la France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32086.
Full textThe politicisation of Islam can be observed in both Denmark and France. This thesis builds on the hypothesis of the importance of institutions and discourse for an understanding of the central episodes, the framing and activism through which Islam is constructed as a public problem. Through an asymmetrical comparison, building on an interpretative reading of written sources and on qualitative interviews, the analysis focuses on factors and patterns. Two institutional arrangements are central to the process: the regulation of the relation between state and religion, and the incorporation of minorities. In Denmark, the regulation of religious pluralism is ambiguous and a culturalist framing is predominant in France, the notion of ‘laïcité’ and the idea of the necessity of a ‘Muslim representation’ shape the process. In both countries, the monoreligious institutional arrangement as well as inherent tensions in the national models create potential for politicisation. In Denmark, there is tension between wide-ranging multicultural rights and strong monocultural norms. In France, tension exists between the official republican discourse and practices that promote ethnicisation. The institutional arrangements of both countries have developed in a monocultural and ethnonational direction. Majority categorization of Muslims structures a selection of ‘representatives’ in a process of appropriation of the assigned category. The analysis further shows the necessity of taking into account the various levels of the politicisation process – local, national, European and transnational. On the European level, the political institutions favor the implementation of nondiscrimination, but there is also a trend conceiving European identity in opposition to Islam
Salama, Abdel Aziz Mohamed. "Etude comparée des méthodes de spéculation, d'argumentation et de polémique sur les questions relatives à Dieu chez les théologiens chrétiens et musulmans du VIIe S. /1er S. Au XIIIe S. /VIIe S." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31003.
Full textLambert, Jean. "Dieu distribué : essai sur les trois fonctions du monothéisme." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100118.
Full textThe tripartite classification that G. Dumézil had reserved to the Indo-Europeans applies exactly to the three sematic monotheisms, the first of which being related to Quirinus, the second to Mars and the third to Jupiter, whereas a homologous prophetic break down three times this ideology hidden behind a prevailing figure. Compared anthropology of monotheisms shows the systematic intelligility of Judaism, christianism and Islam, basing itself on comparative textuel facts that it establishes and explains by re-using the models available in the works of G. Dumézil, r. Girard, m. Serres. In the bible Susan, Esther, joseph illustrate the sub-model of the "lady and the twins"; john's gospel and its feminine characters act on the inverted model of the warrior, and the traditional Islamic tale and the 18th Surat show a surmounted duality of the first function kind. The Indo-European "war of synecism" and Semitic "war of synergy" models represent an intersection, a scouting east strait" versified by the reading of the 73th Surat. The monotheism forms a system which is closed de facto but opens by the invention of liberty
Javid, Mohammad Javad. "Droit naturel et droit divin comme fondements de la légitimité politique : une étude comparative du christianisme et de l'islam." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/699/.
Full textThe political legitimacy is a concept which was the subject of several disciplines, but in spite of comprehensive political literature, even within the modern society, it has noted seriously neither the natural right theory nor the divine right one yet. This research is aimed at highlighting this argued and ignored study in philosophy of the right. Three successive parts of this research is devoted to the identification and construction, destruction and rebuilding of the political relation between the natural right and the divine right. The first part, even by study of the divergences in the philosophical explanation of the natural right, justifies their unanimity. This philosophical approach also makes it possible to define the object of study by presenting a juridical-political structure which at first sight was deprived. The second part is devoted to the theological appearance of the natural right and its dissociation with the divine right as well within the political doctrines as juridical interpretations. The acceptance of such an explanation leads to the exploratory study of their method within the doctrines of the divine right which aims at a prospect for reconciliation between the two rights in Christianity and in Islam which for the moment know themselves only little. The approach of the third part is humanistic and especially relates to the rebuilding of this relation starting from a modern rational study and through the study of the human right. The latter research orientation makes it possible to observe the conditions of the legitimate political authority and the modes of attribution of the natural rights, in particular by the means of a return reading of the traditional natural right and traditional divine right; it leads thus to the recognition of the natural political rights which confirms that there is only one system of single legitimacy: which passes through the natural right way
Bennasr, Nabil. "Islamic banks facing the conventional banking sector." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0004.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the consequences of the integration of an Islamic bank into a conventional banking environment. The dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first examines the Islamic banks' compliance, which is ensured by a supervisory ethical committee. We examine the role and the tasks of this committee in detail, showing how international regulatory constraints, as well as a general lack of individuals with the required skills to sit on the Sharia boards, provide incentives for the Islamic bank to outsource the monitoring of Sharia compliance. Basing our study on a theoretical model, inspired by Kornai, Maskin and Roland (2003), this first chapter analyses how the outsourcing of this committee has an impact on the business model of the Islamic bank. The second chapter is largely empirical; we compare the effectiveness of two bank models, one in which the Sharia compliance validation process is internal, and one in which it is external. To test this empirical study, we analyze a sample of around 100 banks which are divided into two groups, one which outsources the Sharia compliance and monitoring and one which internalizes this process. We show that banks are more effective when they outsource the compliance monitoring process. Finally, the third chapter approaches the question of liquidity creation within two types of bank: Islamic and conventional. In this chapter, we develop a theoretical model inspired by Diamond (2007) and we compare the liquidity creation process in these two banks. We demonstrate the constraints that burden the Islamic bank, shown by the high volume of tangible assets in their balance sheets. We demonstrate that the structure of this balance sheet limits the possibilities for Islamic banks to compete with conventional banks, and thus brings into question their capacity to integrate a conventional banking environment
Marson, Francis Zafindrandremitambahoaka. "Les sultanats musulmans à Madagascar : la filiation de la civilisation des échelles commerciales arabes et la survivance islamique dans certaines royautés malgaches." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0754.
Full textThis thesis shows that some moslem sultanates existed in Madagascar. It describes the political and social organization of the eight islamized kingdoms, especially antemoro, antanala, sakalava, antakarana, anjoaty, onjatsy, antambahoaka and antanosy. We are informed that these monarchies are governed by the descendants of the immigrants who lived in the arabian trading "echelles" implanted along the Malagasy coastline: the Zafikazinambo from Ambohabe agency are the Antemoro and Antanala ancestry; the Antalaotra from Langany agency for the Sakalava and Antakarana; the Rasikajy from Bimaro agency for the Anjoaty and Onjatsy; the Zafiraminia from Ambohitsara agency for the Antambahoaka and Antanosy. The Arabian cities had been occupied by colonists from differents countries and practicing distincts rituals. The islam "sunnite chaféite" has professed to Ambohabe and to Langany, the islam "shiite zaydite" in Bimaro, and the islam “shiite ismaélien” in Ambohitsara. This research results from the comparative analysis of the legal systems practised in these monarchies with the different moslem doctrines concerning the califat. It shows up that some sultanates existed to Madagascar and the eight islamized kingdoms are these extensions
Ghares, Mariem. "La place des valeurs dans la prise de décisions stratégiques : étude comparative entre banque islamique et banque classique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40036.
Full textIn a period of economic crisis, there are more and more concerns about moralizing management methods. Claims of values as a background of managerial behavior are becoming common in business. This thesis has as objective to analyze and compare, in a strategic and dynamical way, the set of values of both conventional and Islamic banks. The aim is to determine the potential role of values in the process of strategic decisions making. First, we identified the set of values displayed by each bank. Then we searched to understand the appropriation of these values in managerial practices especially in strategic projects. Finally, an audit was proposed in order to measure deviations from the displayed values. This research is an exploratory study. Indeed, research results were first used to build a new theoretical framework which served, in a second step, to analyze in depth the selected case studies. Finally, the same framework was again used in order comparative qualitatively these case studies
Del-Grosso, Marc-Olivier. "The perception of islam by political parties : a comparative analysis of the rhetorical and perceptive schemes used in Australia and France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0003.
Full textThe perception of Islam in France and Australia revolves around two very different socio-historical contexts, which produced differentiated systems of constraints and resources for political parties. The structuring dynamics of these contexts are both endogenous and exogenous. The endogenous ones include the migratory history and the specific conditions of settlement of Muslim populations in both countries. The exogenous dynamics ensue from the public authorities' management. In analysing Islam under this multidimensional prism, this thesis serves three purposes: an epistemological one, a methodological one and a heuristic one. From a theoretical point of view, it shows that the perception of Islam by political parties epitomises the necessity of articulating structural overdetermination processes and modalities of objectivation in the sociological approach. In practical terms, this involves exploring new ways to triangulate qualitative and quantitative tools for combining microsociological, mesosociological and macrosociological dimensions, as well as the diachronicity and synchronicity of empirical observations. In doing so, the comparison examines how two "types" of legal-political traditions have shaped different answers to the same question of integrating Muslims within the axiological and cognitive frameworks of the country, and further enables putting into perspective party discourses and representations on the period 2001-2015. It shows the limited relevance of traditional dualisms like the Left/Right opposition on this issue and suggests alternative analytical stances to overcome their biases
Galonnier, Juliette. "Choosing faith and facing race : converting to Islam in France and the United States." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0016.
Full textThis research is about race and religion. While scholars typically understand them separately, I propose instead to explore occurrences in which they are conflated. Specifically, I track instances of racial reasoning that occur in relation to the religion of Islam in Western societies, by focusing on the specific experiences of Muslim converts. By crossing religious boundaries, converts shed light on the nature and content of such boundaries, and enable us to decide whether they are simply religious or also embody racial difference. The case of white converts is particularly interesting: because their conversion implies transitioning from one social status (majority) to another (minority), they offer a near-experimental case to investigate how racial categorization operates. Methodologically, I combine the meticulousness of qualitative methods with the bird’s eye view of comparatism. Using in-depth interviewing with 82 converts in France and the United States; ethnographic observations in convert associations in Paris and Chicago; and content analysis of media and historical documents, I compare the past and present experiences of French and American converts to answer the following: how and when is conversion to Islam interpreted in terms of changing one’s racial status rather than a mere change in religious orientation? In addition to shedding light on the complex interplay between race and religion, this research contributes to transatlantic comparative scholarship, by highlighting differences across the French and American contexts in the conversion process, the encounter with race and the strategies used by converts to reclaim control over their definition of self
Peker, Efe. "Une sociologie comparative et historique de la sécularisation : formation de l'état républicain en France (1875-1905) et en Turquie (1908-1938)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H082.
Full textThis dissertation features a comparative-historical examination of macrosocietal secularisation in France (1875-1905) and Turkey (1908-1938), with particular attention to their republican state building experiences. Bridging the literatures on secularisation theory (sociology of religion) and state formation (comparative-historical sociology), it is the purpose of this work to contribute to “historicising the secularisation debate” by scrutinising the “sociopolitical conflicts” involved in the making of macro-level secularisation (Gorski, 2003b, 2005). The existing literature often interprets different patterns of secularisation through voluntaristic perspectives (overemphasising the ideologies/beliefs of rulers and individuals) or deterministic lenses (anticipating civilisational or modernist path dependencies). To overcome the duality, this study provides a comparative-historical approach that investigates secularisation as a nonlinear, uneven, and dialectical process contingent upon the course of sociopolitical struggles and structural transformations. Differing from many other national states, why did France and Turkey converge to embrace secularism as a central principle and doctrine, based on an accentuated form of “separation” from and “regulation” of religion? What accounts for their divergence, that is, why did the “separation” aspect prove more dominant in French laïcité, whereas “regulation” came to be prominent in Turkish laiklik ? Resting on a rich array of archival and bibliographical sources, my analysis proposes to explain the convergence and divergence between France and Turkey through the interaction of “extra-religious” and “religious” sets of variables. The former set takes into account geographically specific class struggles/alliances, and dynamics of internal/external sovereign state building. The latter set explores the doctrinal/institutional configuration of dominant religions, and the situation of religious minorities. Highlighting the interplay of these “extra-religious” and “religious” dynamics, the dissertation offers an analytical framework to contribute to the social scientific understanding of secularisation/desecularisation beyond the French and Turkish cases. The highly contentious histories of France and Turkey reveal that secularisation is not merely about the conflict of ideational visions. Secularisation is also a concrete state building strategy operationalised through a combination of “separation” and “regulation”. As part of the struggle against religiously affiliated/legitimated sociopolitical contenders, these dual strategies are utilised by bourgeois-national state builders to bring about “differentiation”, “societalisation”, and “rationalisation” (Wallis & Bruce, 1992). While the strategy of separation “differentiates” (and transfers to the state) diverse social functions previously assumed by “religious authority” (Chaves, 1994), the latter’s remaining prerogatives are placed under the regulation of “societally” and “rationally” organised secular bureaucratic institutions. In this sense, secularisation is intimately linked to the consolidation of sovereign infrastructural power (Mann, 1984 ; Soifer, 2008) in “legalinstitutional”, “socio-educational”, “symbolic-ideological”, and “property-distributional” spheres. France and Turkey allow for a cross-religious and cross-regional comparison to crystallise the national and extra-national social forces and mechanisms that influence the ebbs and flows in the secularising process
Yared, Carla. "La construction du constitutionnalisme tunisien : étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0028.
Full textShared between the universal and the national, the Constitution of 27 January 2014 is the last expression of Tunisian constitutionalism. Inscribed in the Arab-Muslim era, this constitutionalism questions the impact of Islam on the traditional components of constitutionalism. Studying the fate and rise of constitutionalism in Tunisia, the comparatist seeks to know how Tunisia adapts its constitutional identity with the foundations of constitutionalism. In apprehending the Tunisian constitutional reality, the comparatist points out the tension between global constitutional standards and identitarian and national specificietes. Nevertheless, the Tunisian singularity appears in contrast with similar Arab and Muslim experiences such as Egypt and Morocco
Benabdelmoula, Faiza. "Les déterminants d’octroi de crédits bancaires aux entreprises : étude comparative entre la banque Conventionnelle et la banque Islamique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0030/document.
Full textIslamic Banks are thoroughly different from Conventional Banks. They are led by Islamic Finance principles. Indeed, during the decision-making process regarding a loan application from a company, Islamic Banks use their own tools and specific methods. Nevertheless, the two decision-making processes are highly complex. Thus, the aim of our research is to understand the different processes and compare the debt determinants for each kind of bank in so far as they don’t use the same criteria to estimate a company. For example, the risk-sharing, which is one of the features of the Islamic Bank, implies the guarantee of a good Return On Investment. In order to bring some answers relative to the two kind of financing, we exposed the state of the art. We notably mobilized two theories: The Trade Off Theory and the Pecking Order Theory. The regression in panel data confirmed that the Islamic Bank and the Conventional Bank don’t lean on the same determinants in their decision-making process. The specific principles of the Islamic Bank explain this difference
Elfersy, Daphna. "The Muslim civil ethic and the concerting of secularism : Islam in France and the Netherlands." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0002.
Full textThis study asserts that the vast majority of European Muslims endorse a concerted secularism, a concept pertaining to a non-hierarchic approach to religious and secular reason in democratic societies and states. This study asks what distinguishes these Muslims that show support for a concerted secularism from their European Muslim and non-Muslim counterparts that present different approaches to secularism. the primary hypothesis advanced in this study is that European Muslims that advocate concerted secularism have undergone a process of religious transformation in which Islam was ‘ethicized’ and conceptualized as a source for pluralistically fashioned familial and democratic values. This study refers to this pluralist constellation of social values as the Muslim civil ethic. This emerging ethicized civil Islam, it is argued, serves to explain Muslims’ distinct approach of concerted secularism. A scholarly review and historical analysis substantiates this study’s ambitious theoretical framework and ensuing working hypothesis, although the salience of the explored hypothesis is ultimately affirmed through the quantitative and qualitative fieldwork. to test the premise that a reformatted civil Islam engenders Muslims’ support for a concerted secularism, this study conducted 97 interviews with Muslims and 208 surveys with Muslims and non-Muslims in France and the Netherlands. These countries present compelling cases for a comparative research. the empirical evidence validates the theoretical framework and verifies the hypothesized relations between the reformatted civil Islam and the endorsement of concerted secularism. the findings of this study substantiate the germaneness and authority of weber’s meta-theory of religion and reveals its theoretical and methodological efficacy for general explorations into the relations between ethical religions and sociopolitical life, and in particular, the burgeoning civil Islam in present day Europe and its relation to the notion of concerted secularism
Denkha, Ataa. "L’imaginaire du paradis et le monde de l’au-delà dans le christianisme et dans l’islam, une étude comparative." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK009/document.
Full textParadise is an essential aspect of both religions, for which earthly realities have been used to imagine a place of happiness and perfection. Its concepts are to be found in the Bible as well as the Quran, the writings of the Fathers of the Church, the hadiths and more general literature. Visionaries have reported stunning descriptions of it, and its beauties have never ceased to be illustrated by artists over the centuries. In order to discover, know, understand its multiple aspects, it has been necessary, not only to insert it into the context of history, but also to situate it in the realm of eschatology and to examine the other places of the great Beyond. Our research attempts to elaborate a comparative study between the Holy Scriptures of Christianity and Islam. We have confronted exegetic, dogmatic and iconographic data so as to find out the coherence inherent to each religion, hoping thereby to discover their specific approaches and the main differences between their own visions of Paradise and afterlife. Our reflection has led us to conclude that the images of Paradise in Christianity and Islam are derived from the way the texts are considered and interpreted. But the remaining question is the use of the word nowadays, particularly in the context of Islam. This dissertation thus questions, even refutes the promises of Paradise made to Muslims under the guise of new forms of violence calling forth crowds of candidates to murder
Kessentini, Mouna. "Performance et gouvernance bancaire : le cas des banques islamiques." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0055.
Full textRahmani, Tabar Mohsen. "La protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme. : Étude comparée Iran-France." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10050.
Full textWe observe significant differences in the criminal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of women between Iran and France. These dissimilarities are derived from fundamental differences in the definition of concepts of human rights based on the perception of the world in Islam and secularism. These differences affect the legal implementation of the human rights of women in the national and international level. France has affirmed its commitment to the DDHC by its adoption in the French constitutional bloc. It has acceded to most international and regional instruments on human rights, prevention of violence against women and discrimination against women. It is committed to implement the ratified international treaties and to internalize through the mechanism provided by the Constitutional Code. Iran claimed the Constitutional Code; all laws must be consistent with Islamic requirements. We studied the incompatibility of Islam with certain rights enshrined in the UDHR and other international instruments including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The French Criminal Law in relation to Iranian penal protection of women clearly identifies the criminal policy in the struggle against violence against women and discrimination through criminalization and punitive responses in this regard
El, Gadhafi Hamida. "La protection constitutionnelle des droits de l'Homme dans le monde arabe : étude comparée (Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, Égypte)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100048.
Full textThe constitutional protection of human rights in the Arab world is based on a complex process of democratization that has accelerated after the Arab Spring of 2011. The emergence of human rights is a strong political project in all the countries that are the subject of our study (Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco) and shows us that the democratic concept, in its universalist sense, is not incompatible with Islam. The constitutionalization of human rights remains a major contribution of the constitutionalist movements that have made the constitution a supreme norm of the rule of law. Despite the instrumentalization of constitutions by Arab leaders and the misuse of the state of emergency, we are witnessing the growing role of the constitutional judge in the protection of fundamental freedoms (constitutional control) under the watchful eye of civil society and international community