Journal articles: 'Primary distribution system'

1

Senger, E. C., G. Manassero, C. Goldemberg, and E. L. Pellini. "Automated Fault Location System for Primary Distribution Networks." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 2 (2005): 1332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.834871.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Reddy, A. V. Sudhakara, M. Damodar Reddy, and M. Satish Kumar Reddy. "Network Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System Using GWO Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (2017): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3226-3234.

Full text

Abstract:

This manuscript presents a feeder reconfiguration in primary distribution networks with an objective of minimizing the real power loss or maximization of power loss reduction. An optimal switching for the network reconfiguration problem is introduced in this article based on step by step switching and simultaneous switching. This paper proposes a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm to solve the feeder reconfiguration problem through fitness function corresponding to optimum combination of switches in power distribution systems. The objective function is formulated to solve the reconfiguration problem which includes minimization of real power loss. A nature inspired Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm is utilized to restructure the power distribution system and identify the optimal switches corresponding minimum power loss in the distribution network. The GWO technique has tested on standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus systems and the results are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Brown, R. E., S. Gupta, R. D. Christie, S. S. Venkata, and R. Fletcher. "Automated primary distribution system design: reliability and cost optimization." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 12, no. 2 (1997): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.584431.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Fan, K. J., and G. Pezeshkpour. "THE ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS." Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 46, no. 3 (1987): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005072-198705000-00181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

BAHEMUKA, M., E. WAYNE MASSEY, and BRUCE S. SCHOENBERG. "International Mortality from Primary Nervous System Neoplasms: Distribution and Trends." International Journal of Epidemiology 17, no. 1 (1988): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/17.1.33.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chu, Hui-Yung, Ming-Tong Chen, Ching-Lien Huang, Shi-lin Chen, and Shih-Shong Yen. "High impedance fault tests on the Taipower primary distribution system." Electric Power Systems Research 19, no. 2 (1990): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(90)90061-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Bouchekara, H. R. E. H., Y. Latreche, K. Naidu, H. Mokhlis, W. M. Dahalan, and M. S. Javaid. "COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION TEST SYSTEMS FOR POWER SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056537/2019/3/196.

Full text

Abstract:

A comprehensive review of existing radial distribution test systems available for power system distribution research is presented. The review can be used to establish a record of cases suitable for distribution operation and planning studies. The importance of the distribution system, the structure of the system in the grid, and various configurations of the distribution network are discussed. The primary requirement of a distribution network is highlighted to underline the important system parameters that should be considered in the design and planning stages. Various research related to the distribution network can be conducted, such as load flow algorithms, optimal incorporation of distributed generation, network reconfiguration, and optimal capacitor allocation, such as important details pertaining to each test system are given. Additional information, such as active and reactive loads and losses, minimum voltage values, and bus location with the weakest voltage values, is provided. Application of the reviewed works based on the test system is tabulated and presented. The information presented in this paper will be beneficial for future research in distribution system design and planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Patwa, Shailja. "Automated fault clearance using fault current limiter in primary distribution system." IOSR Journal of Engineering 02, no. 10 (2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-021024348.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Meckes, Lorena, and Martín Bascopé. "Uneven Distribution of Novice Teachers in the Chilean Primary School System." education policy analysis archives 20 (September 30, 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n30.2012.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines the allocation of novice primary teachers in Chilean schools, looking at their characteristics and at the attributes of the schools at which they are hired after having completed their initial teacher training. The study reveals that in Chile, more qualified novice teachers are more prone to get jobs in socio-economically advantaged schools or in schools with better academic outcomes. In contrast, in disadvantaged schools, it is more likely to find novice teachers with poor results on their exit exams and who come from socioeconomic backgrounds similar to those of the school populations. These findings provide new data to inform Chilean policies. Thus, achieving a more equitable distribution of highly qualified teachers is a challenge for Chile if the aim is to reduce the achievement gap between schools attended by pupils of higher and lower socioeconomic status. Furthermore, these findings might shed some light on the current debate surrounding teacher education policies. A new law will mandate that novice teachers pass the exit exam that until now they have taken voluntarily in order to be hired in any publicly funded school. This study provides support and evidence to inform the debate that will follow in parliament, since we found that novice teachers performing at a very low level—perhaps below the minimum that will be required—have a high probability of ending up working in schools in more disadvantaged areas. On a more general scale, this research also provides a simple but complete methodology that can be used to study issues of teacher distribution elsewhere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gustafson, Robert J., and Vernon D. Albertson. "Distribution Transformer Primary to Secondary Neutral Isolation Devices and System Responses." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-7, no. 7 (1987): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1987.5527005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Gustafson, Robert J., and Vernon D. Albertson. "Distribution Transformer Primary to Secondary Neutral Isolation Devices and System Responses." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2, no. 3 (1987): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.1987.4308200.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gomez, J. F., H. M. Khodr, P. M. DeOliveira, et al. "Ant Colony System Algorithm for the Planning of Primary Distribution Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 19, no. 2 (2004): 996–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2004.825867.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hartini, Entin, and Mike Susmikanti. "RELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR CRITICAL COMPONENTS ON THE RSG-GAS PRIMARY COOLING SYSTEM." SIGMA EPSILON - Buletin Ilmiah Teknologi Keselamatan Reaktor Nuklir 22, no. 2 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/sigma.2018.22.2.4494.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTRELIABILITY ANALYSIS FOR CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN PRIMARY RSG-GAS COOLING SYSTEM. Reliability is the probability that a system will function normally when it is used for the desired time period under specific operating conditions. This study aims to analyze the reliability, distribution function of damage and rate of damage by using the frequency data of damage, downtime and time data between the damage of each component on the primary cooling system RSG- GAS. The methodology used is the Test of damage distribution estimated as an exponential distribution. Test the exponential distribution using the Bartlett test. Further estimation of data distribution parameters. Based on the parameters of the data distribution, the reliability and rate of damage can be calculated for the critical component of the primary cooling system. Damage data is obtained from maintenance data for core 70 until 88 (2010-2015). The results showed that in the primary cooling system the highest failure occurred for component JE-01 (AP01-02) with downtime = 112 (day) and failure frequency presentation = 75%. The failure rate (λ) of 0.000215438 with the reliability value for the last year amounted to 99.83%. Keywords: Downtime, Damage frequency, Reliability, maintenance, RSG-GAS

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Buayai, K., and T. Kerdchuen. "Influence of Micro-Grid in Steady State Performance of Primary Distribution System." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6, no. 5 (2013): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.6.4126.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Medisa, Dian, and Diesty Anita Nugraheni. "Vaccines distribution system at primary healthcares in the special region of Yogyakarta." Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 9, no. 3 (2018): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jkki.vol9.iss3.art8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Buayai, K., W. Ongsakul, and N. Mithulananthan. "Multi-objective micro-grid planning by NSGA-II in primary distribution system." European Transactions on Electrical Power 22, no. 2 (2011): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.553.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Abdelaziz, A. Y., M. A. L. Badr, and A. H. Younes. "Artificial Neural Network for Load Modeling of an Egyptian Primary Distribution System." Electric Power Components and Systems 34, no. 10 (2006): 1099–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325000600630343.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Abdelaziz, A. Y., M. A. L. Badr, and A. H. Younes. "Dynamic load modeling of an Egyptian primary distribution system using neural networks." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 29, no. 9 (2007): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2006.09.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wang, Jing Yi, Shang Ming Shi, and Xian Li Du. "Beier Depression Petroleum System Study in Hailaer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1546.

Full text

Abstract:

Through the study of Beier depression accumulation critical moment, divided into three sets of petroleum system in beier depression: passive faulted depression primary petroleum system, active faulted depression primary petroleum system and fault depression transform secondary petroleum system. Through the typical reservoir oil-water distribution rule and reservoir dissect result can get to know oil and gas of Beier depression concentration distribute in passive faulted depression sequence petroleum system, mainly develop reverse fault block reservoir as well as buried hill reservoir blocked by fault and uncomformable surface, active faulted depression sequence petroleum system mainly develop structure and fault-lithologic composite reservoir; Secondary petroleum system mainly develops fault lithologic reservoir; Secondary petroleum system and primary petroleum system ‘complementary’ distribution of oil and gas. Through the petroleum system classification, to find the distribution regularity of oil and gas, and guide field work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sekar, Kavaskar, and Nalin Kant Mohanty. "High impedance fault detection in distribution system." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 2 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i2.pp95-102.

Full text

Abstract:

High impedance faults (HIFs) present a huge complexity of identification in an electric power distribution network (EPDN) due to their characteristics. Further, the growth of non-linear load adds complexity in HIF detection. One primary challenge of power system engineers is to reliably detect and discriminate HIFs from normal distribution system load and other switching transient disturbances. In this study, a novel HIF detection method is proposed based on the simulation of an accurate model of an actual EPDN study with real data. The proposed method uses current signal alone and does not require voltage signal. Wavelet transform (WT) is used for signal decomposition to extract statistical features and classification of HIF into Non-HIF (NHIF) by Neural Networks (NNs). The simulation study of the proposed method provides good, consistent and powerful protection for HIF.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Rahman, Ehab Ur, Yihong Zhang, Sohail Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, and Sayed Jobaer. "Autonomous Vision-Based Primary Distribution Systems Porcelain Insulators Inspection Using UAVs." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030974.

Full text

Abstract:

The early detection of damaged (partially broken) outdoor insulators in primary distribution systems is of paramount importance for continuous electricity supply and public safety. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) present a safer, autonomous, and efficient way to examine the power system components without closing the power distribution system. In this work, a novel dataset is designed by capturing real images using UAVs and manually generated images collected to overcome the data insufficiency problem. A deep Laplacian pyramid-based super-resolution network is implemented to reconstruct high-resolution training images. To improve the visibility of low-light images, a low-light image enhancement technique is used for the robust exposure correction of the training images. A different fine-tuning strategy is implemented for fine-tuning the object detection model to increase detection accuracy for the specific faulty insulators. Several flight path strategies are proposed to overcome the shuttering effect of insulators, along with providing a less complex and time- and energy-efficient approach for capturing a video stream of the power system components. The performance of different object detection models is presented for selecting the most suitable one for fine-tuning on the specific faulty insulator dataset. For the detection of damaged insulators, our proposed method achieved an F1-score of 0.81 and 0.77 on two different datasets and presents a simple and more efficient flight strategy. Our approach is based on real aerial inspection of in-service porcelain insulators by extensive evaluation of several video sequences showing robust fault recognition and diagnostic capabilities. Our approach is demonstrated on data acquired by a drone in Swat, Pakistan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bi, Ke, Jia Bin Huang, Zhi Wei Liu, and Peng Jin. "Intelligent Sensing System for Distribution Line Condition Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.441.

Full text

Abstract:

Intelligent sensing system for distribution line condition monitoring is presented. It uses sensing terminals to detect load current, temperature, humidity and water pass state. It uses intelligent sensor to collect the distribution condition information. The information collected by the terminals transmits to intelligent sensing system. It is designed without the need for primary equipment reform, without the need of large-scale construction of communication channel, without the need for power blackout with small investment and big benefit. It greatly improves the power supply capacity, efficiency of the system accident treatment and the reliability of power supply.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Imran, Muhammad. "Primary Healthcare." International Journal of Frontier Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v2i2.35.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most effective and valuable principles to promote health in all countries has been adoption of Primary Health Care (PHC) as a fundamental strategy. In September 1978, an international conference was held in Alma-Ata, whose great achievement was declaring PHC as a roadmap for “Health for All” by the year 2000 (HFA 2000). Indeed, as a new approach beyond the traditional system of health care, PHC insisted on justice in the delivery and distribution of services in the health sector (1).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Brereton, J. A., and D. S. Mavinic. "Field and material-specific simulated distribution system testing as aids to understanding trihalomethane formation in distribution systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 1 (2002): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-074.

Full text

Abstract:

The evolution of disinfection by-products (DBP) in drinking water is triggered at the initial point of disinfectant application and, in most cases, continues to some extent throughout the distribution system. A comprehensive study using an extensive field monitoring program, together with an improved simulated distribution system (SDS) test, is presented, in which the effects of increased chlorine demand exerted by internal pipe walls are included in the evaluation of potential DBP exposure to the public. In the field study, comparing both pre-formed trihalomethane (THM) and THM formation potential among several distribution system locations eliminated inherent uncertainties associated with the complexities of network hydraulics, leaving exposure to the internal pipe environment as the primary factor of interest. Findings in this paper confirm the reliability of using the material-specific SDS (MS-SDS) test as a better representation of DBP evolution in a real distribution system. In the case study, the increased chlorine demand of unlined cast-iron results in lower levels of trihalomethanes than those dictated by testing the finished water alone. The MS-SDS test is readily adaptable for pilot-plant studies where real distribution system conditions are inaccessible.Key words: chloroform, disinfection by-products, distribution systems, field monitoring, simulated distribution system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Di Nardo, A., M. Di Natale, C. Giudicianni, G. F. Santonastaso, and D. Savic. "Simplified Approach to Water Distribution System Management via Identification of a Primary Network." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 144, no. 2 (2018): 04017089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000885.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yeh, E. C., Z. Sumic, and S. S. Venkata. "APR: a geographic information system based primary router for underground residential distribution design." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 1 (1995): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.373963.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Nagesh Kumar, G. V., B. Sravana Kumar, B. Venkateswara Rao, P. V. S. Sobhan, and K. Appala Naidu. "Linear programming technique based optimal relay coordination in a radial distribution system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9450.

Full text

Abstract:

Now-a-days to ensure power continuity and system’s reliability the protection system is to be designed properly for distribution systems to handle the faults to avoiding the damage to the equipments and to the service engineers. Different types of relays with different working principles are used to detect different types of faults in the system. In order to avoid mal operation of relays, proper coordination is to be carried out. The objective of this paper is to maintain the relay coordination as well as to decrease the working time of relays by optimizing the values of time dial setting (TDS) using linear programming problem technique (LPP). The inequality constraints guarantee the coordination margin for each primary or backup relay pairs having a fault very close to the primary relay. Simulation is carried out on a IEEE 15 bus balanced radial distribution system with 3 different types of relays namely standard inverse, extremely inverse and very inverse relay and the results are presented and analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mala-Jetmarova, Helena, Nargiz Sultanova, and Dragan Savic. "Lost in Optimisation of Water Distribution Systems? A Literature Review of System Design." Water 10, no. 3 (2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10030307.

Full text

Abstract:

Optimisation of water distribution system design is a well-established research field, which has been extremely productive since the end of the 1980s. Its primary focus is to minimise the cost of a proposed pipe network infrastructure. This paper reviews in a systematic manner articles published over the past three decades, which are relevant to the design of new water distribution systems, and the strengthening, expansion and rehabilitation of existing water distribution systems, inclusive of design timing, parameter uncertainty, water quality, and operational considerations. It identifies trends and limits in the field, and provides future research directions. Exclusively, this review paper also contains comprehensive information from over one hundred and twenty publications in a tabular form, including optimisation model formulations, solution methodologies used, and other important details.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Doggett, M. Steven. "Characterization of Fungal Biofilms within a Municipal Water Distribution System." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 3 (2000): 1249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.1249-1251.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Biofilms of a municipal water distribution system were characterized to assess the occurrence of fungi within surface matrixes. Densities of filamentous fungi ranged from 4.0 to 25.2 CFU cm−2, whereas yeast densities ranged from 0 to 8.9 CFU cm−2. Observations by scanning electron microscopy further suggested that spores, not hyphae or vegetative cells, comprised the primary source of viable propagules.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sharma, R. Rajesh. "Design of Distribution Transformer Health Management System using IoT Sensors." September 2021 3, no. 3 (2021): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2021.3.005.

Full text

Abstract:

Transformers are one of the primary device required for an AC (Alternating Current) distribution system which works on the principle of mutual induction without any rotating parts. There are two types of transformers are utilized in the distribution systems namely step up transformer and step down transformer. The step up transformers are need to be placed at some regular distances for reducing the line losses happening over the electrical transmission systems. Similarly the step down transformers are placed near to the destinations for regulating the electricity power for the commercial usage. Certain regular check-ups are must for a distribution transformer for increasing its operational life time. The proposed work is designed to regularize such health check-ups using IoT sensors for making a centralized remote monitoring system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mariaraja, P., T. Manigandan, and S. Thiruvenkadam. "An expert system for distribution system reconfiguration through fuzzy logic and flower pollination algorithm." Measurement and Control 51, no. 9-10 (2018): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294018790774.

Full text

Abstract:

Distribution system optimization is one of the essential undertaking should be tended to for productive power system operation. A large number of the advancement methodologies were completed at distribution level, for example, ideal reconfiguration, ideal situation of capacitors and Distributed Generators, and additionally the blend of all. This research work proposes distribution system reconfiguration algorithm as it sidestep the utilization of outer types of equipments for Radial Distribution System (RDS) performance enhancement. This paper addresses optimal reconfiguration of distribution system by hybrid Fuzzy-Flower Pollination Algorithm (FFPA). This strategy takes the advantage of FPA and fuzzy for execution improvement. FPA handles the compelling optimization process. The combination of heuristic fuzzy guarantees the synchronous treatment of constraints alongside the primary goal of the optimization issue. The main objective of this work is to actualize an algorithm for the use of distribution system reconfiguration under normal and abnormal working condition. The adequacy of the calculation is approved through actualizing into IEEE 33 bus RDS and 83 bus Taiwan Power Distribution Company (TPDC) system under typical working conditions. Further, the proposed algorithm is actualized to distribution system workstation which is a scale down prototype of power distribution system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Sterzik, Michael F., and Richard H. Durisen. "Are Binary Separations Related to their System Mass?" International Astronomical Union Colloquium 191 (August 2004): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100008447.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe compile most recent multiplicity fractions and binary separation distributions for different primary masses, including very low-mass and brown dwarf primaries, and compare them with dynamical decay models of small-N clusters. The model predictions are based on detailed numerical calculations of the internal cluster dynamics, as well as on Monte-Carlo methods. Both observations and models reflect the same trends: (1) The multiplicity fraction is an increasing function of the primary mass. (2) The mean binary separations are increasing with the system mass in the sense that very low-mass binaries have average separations around ≈ 4AU, while the binary separation distribution for solar-type primaries peaks at ≈ 40AU. M-type binary systems apparently preferentially populate intermediate separations. Similar specific energy at the time of cluster formation for all cluster masses can possibly explain this trend.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Zalewski, M., W. Puchalski, P. Frankiewicz, and M. Nowak. "The relation between primary production and fish biomass distribution in an upland river system." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 24, no. 4 (1991): 2493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1989.11899996.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kibon, Usman Ado, and M. Ahmed. "Distribution of Primary Health Care Facilities in Kano Metropolis Using GIS (Geographic Information System)." Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5, no. 4 (2013): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5710.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jain, Sanjay, Ganga Agnihotri, Shilpa Kalambe, and Renuka Kamdar. "Siting and Sizing of DG in Medium Primary Radial Distribution System with Enhanced Voltage Stability." Chinese Journal of Engineering 2014 (April 29, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/518970.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper intends to enumerate the impact of distributed generation (DG) on distribution system in terms of active as well as reactive power loss reduction and improved voltage stability. The novelty of the method proposed in this paper is the simple and effective way of sizing and siting of DG in a distribution system by using two-port Z-bus parameters. The validity of the method is verified by comparing the results with already published methods. Comparative study presented has shown that the proposed method leads existing methods in terms of its simplicity, undemanding calculation procedures, and less computational efforts and so does the time. The method is implemented on IEEE 69-bus test radial distribution system and results show significant reduction in distribution power losses with improved voltage profile of the system. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB environment for execution of the proposed algorithm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zhang, Ruo Fan, Ren Cheng Wang, Jia Cheng, and Yi Jia Lu. "Axial Magnetic Field Distribution Simulation and Optimization in Rotating Magnetron Sputtering System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.382.

Full text

Abstract:

The primary goal of this study is to optimize the dynamic axial magnetic field distribution in magnetron sputtering system, guiding the target ions to project directly to the substrate. A group of electromagnetic coils were set up to generate an auxiliary axial magnetic field. The configuration of axial magnetic field in different electrifying modes on coils were simulated using numerical integration. Based on the general theoretical results, this paper proposed an optimization of coil arrangement and electrifying modes for a C-shape direct current(DC) magnetron. A 3D model of the coils was set up and the finite element analysis results verified the accuracy of theoretical results. Consequently, this study proposed an arrangement and electrified scheme of electromagnetic coils to provide a dynamic auxiliary axial magnetic field, which could match with the shape and movement of the primary magnetron.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Matthews, Lynn D., and Robert D. Mathieu. "Orbital Circularization in Binaries with A-Type Primary Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006497.

Full text

Abstract:

It has long been recognized that tidal interaction between the components of close binaries will tend to circularize their orbits (e.g., Darwin 1879; Zahn 1977). In fact observations show an abundance of circular orbits in binaries with periods of days. However, the dissipation mechanism required for circularization, the timescales involved, and the dependence on period, mass, evolutionary state, and initial eccentricity of the system remain subjects of debate.Circularization theories such as Zahn (1977) state that circularization in binaries where at least one component possesses a convective envelope is much more efficient than in binaries where both stars have radiative envelopes. Giuiricin et al. (1984; GMM) studied the period-eccentricity distribution of O-, B- and A-type binaries and argued that the observations were consistent with Zahn’s theory for radiative envelopes. But recently, Tassoul (1988) has presented an alternative circularization theory with similarly efficient circularization in radiative- and convective-envelope binaries. In addition, period-eccentricity distributions for many samples of main-sequence convective-envelope binaries are now available. Here we reconsider the observed short-period eccentricity distribution of radiative-envelope binaries in light of these new observations and theory. Specifically, we investigate the period-eccentricity distribution of a sample of binaries with A-type primary stars.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wojtukiewicz, Marek, Ewa Sierko, Zbigniew Sawicki, Lech Zimnoch, and Walter Kisiel. "Comparative Analysis of Coagulation System Proteins Distribution in Breast Cancer Primary Lesions and Lymph Node Metastases." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3137.3137.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality due to cancer in women. Thromboembolic episodes are relatively common complication during the course of the disease. It was widely documented, that components of blood coagulation play a role in tumor progression and metastasis formation. Presence of hemostatic proteins was observed in primary lesions of different malignant tumors. However, information on expression and role of coagulation system components in regional lymph node metastases is scanty. The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the distribution of selected coagulation proteins - in primary versus metastatic lesions of breast cancer. Specimens of primary tumor of different degree of malignancy and metastatic lesions localized in regional lymph nodes were obtained during surgical treatment of previously untreated twenty five breast cancer patients and fixed in formalin. Immunohistochemical procedure was employed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), factor IX, factor X, fibrinogen and fibrin. A strong expression of TF was demonstrated in cancer cells of both primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Coagulation factors IX and X were also present in primary and metastatic breast cancer lesions. However, the expression of the proteins was weaker in regional lymph node metastases than in primary tumor. Strong staining for fibrinogen was detected in the stroma of primary breast cancer, particularly at the area adjacent to the cancer foci. Stroma of metastatic lesions was characterized by much weaker staining for fibrinogen. Strong expression of fibrin and TFPI was demonstrated in cancer cells of primary tumor while much weaker expression of the antigens was visualized in cancer cells localized in lymph node metastatic lesions. Furthermore, the presence of all examined proteins was observed in small blood vessel walls and in macrophages infiltrating both primary tumor tissue as well as metastatic lesions. The results of the study indicate extravascular activation of blood coagulation in loco in breast cancer, both in the primary tumor and in the regional lymph node metastatic lesions. The presence of coagulation system proteins in cancer tissue (primary tumor and metastatic foci) suggests that they may play a role in the biology of breast cancer growth as well as they may modulate breast cancer metastatic dissemination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gilmutdinov, Albert Kh, Bernard Radziuk, Michael Sperling, Bernhard Welz, and Konstantin Yu Nagulin. "Spatial Distribution of Radiant Intensity from Primary Sources for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Part I: Hollow Cathode Lamps." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 4 (1995): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964354.

Full text

Abstract:

The spatial distribution of radiant intensity from hollow cathode lamps used as radiation sources in atomic absorption spectrometry is investigated with a digital photodiode array imaging system. Intensity distribution over the cross section of each lamp is measured for both atomic and ionic lines of the analyte and the filler gas. The shape of the distribution is strongly dependent on the hollow cathode diameter. In small cathodes the distribution has the shape of a paraboloid with maximum intensity at the hollow cathode axis for all of the recorded lines. The intensity distributions of lines emitted from large cathodes are nonparaboloid and in some cases have a minimum at the cathode axis and a maximum concentric to the cathode walls. It is shown that the intensity distribution for a given lamp has practically the same shape for all currents applied. Data on the evolution of the intensity distribution during warm-up of the lamps and under various operating conditions are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Boffin, Henri M. J., and Dimitri Pourbaix. "The mass-ratio distribution of spectroscopic binaries along the main-sequence." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S330 (2017): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317005415.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBinarity is now a well-established quality affecting a large fraction of stars, and recent studies have shown that the fraction of binaries is a function of the spectral type of the primary star, with most massive stars being member of a close binary system. By cross-matching TGAS with SB9, we went one step further and derived the mass ratio distribution of binary systems as a function of the spectral type of the primary star. This, combined with the binary fraction, provides very strong constraints on star formation and critical input for stellar population models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Sarma S, Subramanya, V. Madhusudhan, and V. Ganesh. "Reliability worth Assessment of Active Distribution System Considering Protective Devices and Multiple Distributed Generation Units." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 2 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i2.pp111-119.

Full text

Abstract:

Reliability worth assessment is a primary concern in planning and designing of electrical distribution systems those operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of electric supply to customer loads. Renewable energy sources (RES) based Distributed Generation (DG) units can be forecasted to penetrate in distribution networks due to advancement in their technology. The assessment of reliability worth of DG enhanced distribution networks is a relatively new research area. This paper proposes a methodology that can be used to analyze the reliability of active distribution systems (DG enhanced distribution system) and can be applied in preliminary planning studies to compute the reliability indices and statistics. The reliability assessment in this work is carried out with analytical approach applied on a test system and simulated results validate that installation of distributed generators can improve the distribution system reliability considerably.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Hallberg, M. C. "Emerging Issues in Food Marketing and Distribution in the Northeast." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 17, no. 2 (1988): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001690.

Full text

Abstract:

Food marketing and distribution encompasses a vast array of economic and regulatory activity. In the most recent product of NC-117, the authors argue that: “The food manufacturing and distribution industries are the primary orchestrators of the food system. Not only do these industries perform essential tasks themselves, but they also have significant influence over the rest of the food system: backward on agricultural production and forward on consumers.” (Marion, p. 432) It is tempting to draw a more complete path diagram with which to emphasize ways in which consumers, farmers and other entities, including regulators, influence and are influenced by these “primary orchestrators”. I will, however, follow the lead of the NC-117 committee and concentrate on these “primary orchestrators” in the Northeast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Wosene Minwagaw, Gizachew, and Wubalem Gobie Ejigu. "Determinants of Seed Distribution System: The Case of Womberma District, North West Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3656320.

Full text

Abstract:

Bread wheat also known as common wheat is one of the most important crops for food security and job opportunities for many smallholders as well as the urban population in Ethiopia. Farmers obtain seed from both formal and informal seed distribution systems. The informal seed sector in the study area is the major supplier of seed for many crops grown in the Womberma district. However, access to the formal seed sector was limited for the farmers. Hence, this study initiated to analyze seed distribution system and determinants of smallholder farmers in selecting seed of bread wheat distribution system in the study areas. The primary data was collected through distributing research questionnaires for the seed distribution systems of bread wheat. The study was based on the data collected from 150 households by using the multistage probability sampling method. The survey result shows that the contribution of public companies for supplying improved bread wheat seed was only 33% whereas 100% of producers confirmed that sources of bread wheat seed were from farm saved and local market which were uncertified leading to production deterioration. In line with these, conducted focus group and key informants confirmed that the major problems of formal seed distribution system were lack of timely supply, price fluctuation, limited quantity, and lack of certified seed suppliers while those of the informal seed distribution system were adulteration, high price, low quality, unable to get the right amount, and lack of timely supply, which concluded that the distribution system was inefficient. The econometrics model was used to analyze determinants of selection in seed distribution system of bread wheat in the study areas. Hence, the result of logit model shows that the level of education, access to credit, household income, extension services, and seed quality significantly and positively influenced farmers’ selection of formal seed distribution system while distance to the nearest seed distribution area influenced negatively the selection of formal seed distribution system in the study areas. Therefore, any concerned bodies should give more attention to establish for farmers formal seed distribution systems of bread wheat seed so as to increase production and productivity of bread wheat in the study areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Didenko, Anton, Vladislav Borisenko, and Jose Leoro. "Load distribution method in helicopter blade multibody dynamics system." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809076.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper focuses on the loads applied to the helicopter blade cross-sections in the multibody dynamics system. The main objective is to simplify the blade aerodynamics calculation and avoid time-consuming CFD methods. For this reason, the way of computing blade aerodynamics is proposed by using multibody dynamics methods with a linear-elastic blade model. As the primary tool for further research, the MCS Adams software package is selected. Splitting the main rotor blade into a finite number of sections, each having its own average value of installation and coning angles, simplifies the calculation. Afterward, expressions for the total flow velocity around the blade section and its angle of attack are obtained through vector operations. This provides a measure of aerodynamic forces acting on each section in its cross-sectional coordinate system. In conclusion, the article provides the formalized method of aerodynamic force distribution between blade sections in the multibody model as well as the correlation between the flow coordinate system and the blade chord coordinate system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wender, M., D. Pruchnik-Grabowska, P. Kowal, and E. Tokarz. "On the Fine Structure of the Distribution of Primary Nervous System Neoplasms in Western Poland." Neuroepidemiology 4, no. 1 (1985): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000110212.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gao, Shan, Jinting Wang, and Tien Van Do. "Analysis of a discrete-time repairable queue with disasters and working breakdowns." RAIRO - Operations Research 53, no. 4 (2019): 1197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018057.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we analyse a discrete-time queue with a primary server of high service capacity and a substitute server of low service capacity. Disasters that only arrive during the busy periods of the primary server remove all customers from the system and make the primary server breakdown. When the primary server fails and is being repaired, the substitute server handles arriving customers. Applying the embedded Markov chain technique and the supplementary variable method, we determine the distribution of the system length at departure epochs and the joint distribution of the queue length and server’s state at an arbitrary instant. Then we derive the sojourn time distribution. We also provide the probability generating function of the time between failures. Some numerical examples are delivered to give an insight into the impact of system parameters on performance measures and a cost function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mohan Reddy, K. "An Empirical Analysis of Food Security and Public Distribution System." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 1 (2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.1.1444.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study deals with an empirical analysis of food security and public distribution system. The present paper deals with the importance of food security and public distribution system and objectives and methodology. Further, it is devoted to examine the food security and public distribution system. This paper is primarily based on the data gathered from primary as well as various secondary sources, especially those related to the availability of the statistical information pertaining to food security and public distribution system. The researcher is of the opinion that there is a need to improve the quality of grains supplied from PDS. By and large, it can be said that the sample respondents offered many suggestions for a better functioning of the system. The suggestions that they offered comprise of an improvement in the quality of goods supplied through FPSs, an increase in the quantity of goods, regular supply from govt., and preventing black marketing by dealers and elimination of bogus cards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hidaka, Hironori, Yusuke Monno, and Masatoshi Okutomi. "Spectral Reflectance Estimation Using Projector with Unknown Spectral Power Distribution." Color and Imaging Conference 2020, no. 28 (2020): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.32.

Full text

Abstract:

A lighting-based multispectral imaging system using an RGB camera and a projector is one of the most practical and low-cost systems to acquire multispectral observations for estimating the scene's spectral reflectance information. However, existing projector-based systems assume that the spectral power distribution (SPD) of each projector primary is known, which requires additional equipment such as a spectrometer to measure the SPD. In this paper, we present a method for jointly estimating the spectral reflectance and the SPD of each projector primary. In addition to adopting a common spectral reflectance basis model, we model the projector's SPD by a low-dimensional model using basis functions obtained by a newly collected projector's SPD database. Then, the spectral reflectances and the projector's SPDs are alternatively estimated based on the basis models. We experimentally show the performance of our joint estimation using a different number of projected illuminations and investigate the potential of the spectral reflectance estimation using a projector with unknown SPD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kela, K. B., Bhavik N. Suthar, and L. D. Arya. "Reliability optimization of electrical distribution systems considering expenditures on maintenance and customer interruptions." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 3 (2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1057-1064.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, a methodology is proposed which shows enhancement of reliability by optimizing total reliability cost of electrical distribution systems. The total reliability cost consists of cost incurred by utility and customers both. An objective function in terms of failure rates and repair times i.e. primary reliability indices has been formulated which depicts both these costs . Hence, optimization of the objective function will give a balance between these costs with optimized values of primary reliability indices. This optimization has been done considering the constraints of achieving customer and energy based reliability indices below threshold/target values. The methodology has been applied on Roy Billinton Test System- Bus 2 (RBTS-2). The problem has been solved by applying Flower Pollination (FP) algorithm. A comparison has been made with the results obtained by Differential evolution (DE) algorithm also for the system considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mussared, Amanda, Rolando Fabris, Jan Vreeburg, Jenny Jelbart, and Mary Drikas. "The origin and risks associated with loose deposits in a drinking water distribution system." Water Supply 19, no. 1 (2018): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.073.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Sediment accumulates in distribution systems over time, and can potentially result in dirty water events. The primary origin of these particles in most networks has not been examined. Controlled sediment resuspension (flushing) events were performed at 10 sites in a drinking water distribution system and repeated six months later to observe redeposition. Different patterns of sediment deposition observed are suspected to be related to particle origin. A large proportion of pipe sediment resuspended during the first flushing event was composed of iron, most likely arising from corrosion of distribution system infrastructure. This sediment appears to play a role in sheltering microbial cells from secondary disinfection. In this study, a source of particles was identified that may provide an alternate explanation for the presence of iron deposits in systems not dominated by iron pipework.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Primary distribution system'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles