Relevant bibliographies by topics / Primary measures

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Primary measures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Primary measures"

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Brown, S. G. A. "Primary outcome measures." BMJ 339, aug18 1 (August 18, 2009): b3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3368.

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Zyzanski, S. J. "Psychological Measures in Primary Care." Archives of Family Medicine 8, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.8.5.375.

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Sedgwick, P. "Primary and secondary outcome measures." BMJ 340, apr14 1 (April 14, 2010): c1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1938.

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Yevgeny Pudovkin. "PRIMARY MEASURES AGAINST SECONDARY SANCTIONS." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 72, no. 048-049 (December 6, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.64370895.

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Trott, A. "Primary dental care: Simple haemostatic measures." British Dental Journal 217, no. 10 (November 2014): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1014.

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Seror, Raphaèle, and Simon Bowman. "Outcome Measures in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome." Arthritis Care & Research 72, S10 (October 2020): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.24331.

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Suppiah, Ravi. "Outcome measures in primary systemic vasculitis." Indian Journal of Rheumatology 8 (December 2013): S61—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injr.2013.11.006.

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Seror, Raphaèle, Hendrika Bootsma, Simon J. Bowman, Thomas Dörner, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Xavier Mariette, Manel Ramos-Casals, et al. "Outcome measures for primary Sjögren’s syndrome." Journal of Autoimmunity 39, no. 1-2 (August 2012): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2012.01.013.

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Dedkova, Elena, Aleksandr Gudkov, and Kristina Dudina. "Perspectives for non-primary export development in Russia and measures of its tax incentives." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2018): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.08.

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Non-primary export is one of the most promising areas for the development of Russian foreign economic activity. However, the significant influence of geopolitical problems and underdeveloped internal mechanisms of statutory regulation, state support and stimulation of non-primary exports in Russia do not allow to use all available potential in this regard. As such, the problems of non-primary export development in Russia are being actualized with a view to ensuring a positive influence of this kind of foreign economic activity both on the welfare of the state as a whole and on strengthening its positions in world markets.The purpose of the article is to consider the specifics of non-primary export development in Russia and to propose measures to stimulate its growth.The object of the study is the existing system of non-primary export in Russia with its inherent features and operating principles.The research methodology is as follows: scientific search, generalization, systematization, analysis, graphical construction, modeling, formalization, and forecasting.The key research results consist in the systematization of information on Russia’s promising non-primary export industries, the study of the current system of state support for export, the identification of problematic aspects and the search for solutions, and the development and justification of mechanisms for tax incentives for non-primary export, including due to the proposed division of enterprises into target groups depending on the volume of income from their foreign economic activities.The practical value of the results obtained is that they can be used at the macro level by introducing amendments to the regulatory and legislative acts of the Russian Federation on export regulation in accordance with the results of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for stimulating and supporting non-primary export.
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Sansone, R. A. "Use of Psychological Measures in Primary Care." Archives of Family Medicine 7, no. 4 (July 1, 1998): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.7.4.367.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primary measures"

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Walker, Trevor Charles. "Leading primary schools through and beyond special measures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020516/.

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The status of special measures has been an outcome of school inspection for more than a decade. This study contributes to understanding the leading of primary schools through and beyond that outcome. Through self-perception, headteachers examine the relationship and interplay between their leadership and their schools' cultures. The study focuses on the agency of leadership through a process of change, so generating propositional ideas that extend the current theoretical framework. Two cultural typologies are identified that are specifically associated with this status. One is encountered at the outset of the journey of special measures and represents the root of the predicament. The other represents the cultural territory of schools that have moved beyond special measures. The study finds special measures to be an episodic journey of change. So doing it identifies three distinctive phases (the last divided into sub-phases representing an increasing complexity). In each the theme of culture and leadership is explored through the application of a conceptual model. These are configured to demonstrate the necessary dynamic for the formulation and transformation of schools' cultures. The differing and adaptive manifestations of phase-specific leadership are respectively described as: leading through cultural dissonance, leading counter-culturally, and leading through cultural congruence. The literature review identifies three conceptual orientations of leadership, each accordingly being related to special measures. These are technical-rational, transformational and critical forms of leadership. Each is seen as making a contribution at some point and to some degree through the course of the journey. The study, moreover, presents a conceptualisation of headship based on school context and circumstance - style, approach and theoretical positioning. This formulation emphasises the appropriateness of the leadership practice offered at given moments. However, the overall success of moving beyond special measures lies in each school's capacity for journeying through the phases to a position of cultural congruence.
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Olaisen, R. Henry. "Developing and Assessing Measures of Primary Care in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1523036135517028.

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Mukiapini, Shapi. "Baseline measures of Primary Health Care Team functioning and overall Primary Health Care performance at Du Noon Community Health Centre." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24504.

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Background: The importance of effective team work for improving quality of care has been demonstrated consistently in research. We conducted a baseline measure of team effectiveness and a baseline measure of primary health care performance. Aim: To improve Primary health care team effectiveness and ultimately the quality and user experience of primary care at Du Noon Community Health Centre. (CHC) Setting: Du Noon CHC in the southern/western substructure of the Cape Town Metro district services. Methods: A cross sectional study using a combination of Nominal Group Technique (NGT) method and a questionnaire survey to assess PHC team effectiveness and to obtain baseline measure for Primary Health Care (PHC) organization and performance. Results: Data from 20 providers from the primary health care team, showed that the PHC team members perceived their team as a well functioning team (70% agreement on the 7 items of the PHC team assessment tool, incorporated in the ZA PCAT. The NGT method reveals that communication and leadership are the main challenges to effective team functioning, The NGT also provides ideas on how to deal with these challenges. Data from 110 users and 12 providers using the ZA PCAT: 18.2% of users rated first contact-access as acceptable to good; 47,3% rated ongoing care as acceptable to good. The remaining subdomains of the ZA PCAT were rated as acceptable to good by at least 65% of the users. 33% of the providers (doctors and clinical nurse practitioners) rated first contact-access as acceptable to good; 25% rated ongoing care as acceptable to good, the remaining subdomains of the ZA PCAT were rated as acceptable to good by at least 50% of providers. First contact-access received the lowest acceptable to good score (18.2%) and comprehensiveness (service available) received the highest score (88.2%) from the users. For the providers the lowest acceptable to good score was for ongoing care (25%) and the highest acceptable to good score was for primary health care team (100%). The total primary scores are good (above 60%) for both users and providers but moderately higher for the providers. Conclusions: How teams perceive their effectiveness can motivate them to generate ideas for improvement. There were discrepancies between ZA PCAT (PHC team functioning) results and the NGT method results. The ZA PCAT (8 pre-existing domains) baseline results show a contrast between providers' and users' perceptions of the PHC system at Du Noon consistent with the finding of the Western Cape ZA PCAT study. We encourage Du Noon CHC to use these results to improve the user experience of primary health care services there.
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Pandelova, Marchela Edvart. "Emissions minimization of chlorinated micropollutants in coal solid waste co-combustion by primary measures." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974171158.

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Freeman, Charles David. "An Analysis of Preschool Enrollment and Student Progress Measures among Primary and Elementary Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1746.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference in Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) scores exists between students who attended Tennessee's Voluntary Preschool for All program, Head Start, private preschool, or daycare and those who did not attend any type of preschool program for students in grades kindergarten through fifth. The sample consisted of students who attended kindergarten through fifth grade during the 2009-2010 school year in one east Tennessee school system. Data gathered were from Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) scores obtained during the 2009-2010 school year and a survey. A two-way analysis of variance was used to identify any relationship between variables. The investigation of the comparison between the type of preschool attended or no preschool and DIBELS scores will provide information to parents considering enrolling a child in one of the many state funded preschools, daycare, or preparing their child at home. The data will also assist with the implementation of new preschool programs and the improvement of existing programs within the public school setting. Results of this study will be of immediate interest to preschool programs in the surveyed school system. Other school systems interested in the efficacy of preschool education for increasing student achievement will benefit from the information as well. Statistical analyses were conducted for DIBELS scores in Letter Naming Fluency (LNF), Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF), and Nonsense Word Fluency for kindergarten students. Statistical analyses were conducted for DIBELS scores in Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF), Nonsense Word Fluency, Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), and Retell Fluency (RF) for first grade students. Statistical analyses were conducted for DIBELS scores Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) and Retelling Fluency (RF) for grades 3, 4, and 5. The results of this study did not support a significant difference among DIBELS scores and the type of preschool experience and gender for students enrolled in Hamblen County schools. The results did support a significant main effect for type of preschool for students enrolled in Hamblen County schools. Students who attended private preschool scored better than students who attended the state program, Head Start, daycare, or did not attend a preschool.
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Henninger, Matthew W., and Andrea D. Clements. "Identifying Intimate Partner Violence: A Review of Three Measures for Implementation in Primary Care Settings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7221.

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Strydom, Willemien. "Leadership development of Heads of Department in public primary schools." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80523.

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It is well known that leadership plays a key role in the overall success of school and learner achievement. Therefore, this multiple case study investigates what developmental programmes and training opportunities are in place to prepare HoDs to meet the demands of a formal leadership position. How these programmes are perceived by HoDs s also be outlined and analysed. The importance of the role that HoDs fulfil in schools is explored, as well as the importance of investing in their leadership development through formal and informal leadership developmental programmes. This qualitative study used interview data obtained from eight purposefully sampled recently appointed Heads of Department (HoDs) in public primary schools in Pretoria. This study outlined the importance of middle managers, such as HoDs and what measures need to be taken into account to ensure they are adequately prepared to meet expectations.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria 2020.
Education Management and Policy Studies
MEd
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Thomas, Ruth. "Test of a Smock System on CPR Primary Emergency Measures and Medical Errors During Simulated Emergencies." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/759.

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Rates of survival of victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) using cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have shown little improvement over the past three decades. Since registered nurses (RNs) comprise the largest group of healthcare providers in U.S. hospitals, it is essential that they are competent in performing the four primary measures (compression, ventilation, medication administration, and defibrillation) of CPR in order to improve survival rates of SCA patients. The purpose of this experimental study was to test a color-coded SMOCK system on:1) time to implement emergency patient care measures 2) technical skills performance 3) number of medical errors, and 4) team performance during simulated CPR exercises. The study sample was 260 RNs (M 40 years, SD=11.6) with work experience as an RN (M 7.25 years, SD=9.42).Nurses were allocated to a control or intervention arm consisting of 20 groups of 5-8 RNs per arm for a total of 130 RNs in each arm. Nurses in each study arm were given clinical scenarios requiring emergency CPR. Nurses in the intervention group wore different color labeled aprons (smocks) indicating their role assignment (medications, ventilation, compression, defibrillation, etc) on the code team during CPR. Findings indicated that the intervention using color-labeled smocks for pre-assigned roles had a significant effect on the time nurses started compressions (t=3.03, p=0.005), ventilations (t=2.86, p=0.004) and defibrillations (t=2.00, p=.05) when compared to the controls using the standard of care. In performing technical skills, nurses in the intervention groups performed compressions and ventilations significantly better than those in the control groups. The control groups made significantly (t=-2.61, p=0.013) more total errors (7.55 SD 1.54) than the intervention group (5.60, SD 1.90). There were no significant differences in team performance measures between the groups. Study findings indicate use of colored labeled smocks during CPR emergencies resulted in: shorter times to start emergency CPR; reduced errors; more technical skills completed successfully; and no differences in team performance.
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Roberts, Kathy Patrice. "The effects of primary disability types on handicapped persons utilizing rehabilitation services: measures of client satisfaction." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2509.

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The primary purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which clients were satisfied with rehabilitation counseling services. A secondary purpose was to determine if primary disability types such as psychotic disorders, mental and emotional disturbance and mental retardation, borderline (IQ range 70 to 85) influenced the degree to which clients expressed satisfaction with services rendered. The study was conducted in Atlanta, Georgia. Data were obtained from former clients of the XYZ rehabilitation center. Data on 83 former clients who received rehabilitation counseling at XYZ rehabilitation center in fiscal years 1983, 1984 and 1985, were used in this study. Frequency Analysis, Measures of Central Tendency and Variability were used for statistical purposes. Results of the study revealed that, overall, XYZ clients expressed satisfaction with services rendered. In addition, results also indicated that of the three primary disability groups, overall, the mentally retarded, borderline group indicated being most highly satisfied with center services followed by the mental and emotional group and then the psychotic disorder group. Furthermore, the study revealed that primary disability types had no effect on the clients’ expressed satisfaction with rehabilitation services.
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Glaser, Margaret Kane. "A Comparison of Primary and Secondary Psychopathy in the Prediction of Explicit and Implicit Measures of Empathy." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1375127938.

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Books on the topic "Primary measures"

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Lesley, Hallam, and Doggett Marie-Anne, eds. Measures of need and outcome for primary health care. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Attwood, Tony. Security in primary schools: What you can do. Peterborough: First and Best Education, 1997.

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Janssen, Beatrice Ann. Clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity in primary systemic necrotising vasculitis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Allan, sheila. A measure of responsibility: The effects of a special measures judgment on the staff of a primary school. Birmingham: University of Central England in Birmingham, 2001.

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Safe and sound. Longmont, CO: Sopris West Educational Services, 2003.

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Higson, N. Risk management: Health and safety in primary care. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

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Alysoun, Moon, and Williams Margaret, eds. Food, environment, and health: A guide for primary school teachers. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1990.

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Venkatraman, N. On the correspondence between 'primary' and 'secondary' measures of business economic performance: An attempt at methodological triangulation. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

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Sokoloskie, Kendell. Measures of vulnerability to difficulties encountered within the primary and secondary schools of Elliot Lake: By Kendell Sokoloskie. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Human Development Department, 2000.

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Lipsey, Robert E. Quality change and other influences on measures of export prices of manufactured goods and the terms of trade between primary products and manufactures. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Primary measures"

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Tishler, Julie, Kristin T. Huang, and Deborah Blazey-Martin. "Quality Improvement and Population Management in Adult Primary Care." In Quality Measures, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37145-6_13.

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Bos, H. G. "Primary Measures for NOx Reduction." In Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides in Industrial Waste Gases: Emission, Legislation and Abatement, 205–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3624-2_12.

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Ahmed, Imran, and Michael J. Thorpy. "Determinants and Measures of Daytime Sleepiness." In Primary Care Sleep Medicine, 99–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1185-1_10.

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Bossi, Paolo, and Luigi Lorini. "Optimal Supportive Measures during Primary Treatment." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 221–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_15.

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AbstractSupportive care during curative treatment of head and neck cancer patients has different scopes: reducing the burden of acute toxicities and limiting the risk of developing late adverse effects; increasing the quality of life of the patients; allowing to perform optimal curative therapy, maintaining treatment dose intensity; preventing higher grade toxicities so to reduce also the costs associated with hospitalization, examinations, visits and use of drugs. At the same time, it is necessary to give uniformity in the supportive care protocols, as these preventive and therapeutic measures may influence the results of oncological treatments and their efficacy should be evaluated in a consistent manner. Several preventive and therapeutic interventions are available, particularly in the context of chemoradiotherapy, where the adverse events are more prominent. An accurate evaluation of the patient and a tailored approach with preventative indications and therapeutic interventions represent key factors. This approach could be easily identified within a “simultaneous care” strategy, as the optimal supportive measures are provided concurrently to the best therapeutic approach since the beginning of the treatment.
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Sapp, Mark V. "Assessment of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Clinical Measures, Evaluation, and Treatment." In School Violence and Primary Prevention, 155–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77119-9_8.

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Sziklai, Istvan. "Outcome Measures After Primary Surgery of Stapes Fixations." In Surgery of Stapes Fixations, 117–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28576-4_12.

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Talen, Mary R., Joane G. Baumer, and Misty M. Mann. "Screening Measures in Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care Settings." In Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care, 239–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6889-9_12.

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Barton, Ellen C., and Thomas S. Roukis. "Preventative Measures Against Wound Healing Complications After Total Ankle Replacement." In Primary and Revision Total Ankle Replacement, 495–502. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69269-8_36.

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Sever, P. S. "The Treatment of High Blood Pressure: Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Measures." In Primary Health Care in the Making, 442–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69977-1_87.

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Cosme-Blanco, Wilfredo, Yanira Arce-Ayala, Iona Malinow, and Sylvette Nazario. "Primary and Secondary Environmental Control Measures for Allergic Diseases." In Allergy and Asthma, 785–819. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05147-1_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primary measures"

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Baslerova, Pavlina, Jan Michalik, and Ivana Hrubesova. "I. LEVEL SUPPORT MEASURES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION." In 7th SWS International Scientific Conference on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2020 Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2020.7.1/s08.51.

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Schmillen, Karl, Markus Schwaderlapp, and Joachim Wolschendorf. "Primary Noise Reduction Measures on IDI Diesel Engines." In Noise & Vibration Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931309.

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Carni, Domenico Luca, Francesco Lamonaca, Francesco Nastro, Alfonso Nastro, and Monica Vasile. "Diagnostic metodology for the primary coxarthrosis based on objective measures." In 2013 IEEE 7th International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2013.6662638.

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Ozgocmen, S., O. Bolgen Cimen, and O. Ardicoglu. "SAT0136 Chest expansion and spirometric measures in patients with primary fibromyalgia." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.595.

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Choo, Kyosung, Renan Manozzo Galante, and Michael Ohadi. "Energy Conservation Measures of a Primary Data Center on an Academic Campus." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17061.

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Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) of the primary data center at the University of Maryland are developed. Measurement and simulation are performed to validate the developed ECMs. Three ECMs — 1) Increase in the return temperature at Computer Room Air Conditionings (CRACs) 2) Cold aisle containment 3) Elimination of unnecessary CRACs — are suggested to reduce energy consumption by optimizing the thermo-fluid flow in the data center. Power savings of 12.7 kW – 17.4 kW and 14.1 kW are obtained by increasing the return air temperatures at the CRACs and performing the cold aisle containment, respectively. In addition, a power saving of 11.2 kW is obtained by turning off CRACs 3 and 8 which have an adverse effect on the data center cooling.
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Rubbo, Bruna, Florian Gahleitner, Claire Jackson, Myrofora Goutaki, Florian Halbeisen, Jana Hueppe, Laura Behan, et al. "Clinical outcome measures for use in primary ciliary dyskinesia research: a scoping systematic review." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa307.

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LANZERSTORFER, Christof, and Andreas GAHLEITNER. "Primary measures for the reduction of nox emissions from iron ore sintering – a review." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.667.

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Li, Wang, Zhao Hui, Luo Zhengbang, Yu Yongyang, Liu Ximin, and Xie Yutong. "Effectiveness analysis of primary and secondary protective measures for 500 kV substation switch transient field." In 2017 First International Conference on Electronics Instrumentation & Information Systems (EIIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiis.2017.8298624.

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Afzan, Z. Z., S. A. Hadi, B. T. Shamsul, H. Zailina, I. Nada, and A. R. S. Rahmah. "Mismatch between school furniture and anthropometric measures among primary school children in Mersing, Johor, Malaysia." In 2012 Southeast Asian Network of Ergonomics Societies Conference (SEANES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seanes.2012.6299557.

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Uspuras, Eugenijus, and Algirdas Kaliatka. "Implementation of preventive measures against local flow degradation in the primary circuit of RBMK-1500." In International Heat Transfer Conference 12. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc12.4360.

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Reports on the topic "Primary measures"

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Kroenke, Kurt, David Haggstrom, Patrick Monahan, Jacob Kean, Timothy Stump, and Tasneem Talib. Incorporating PROMIS Symptom Measures into Primary Care Practice. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/5.2018.me.140312043.

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Gopinath, Ranjani, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, Sungsup Ra, and Giridhara R. Babu. Tuberculosis Control Measures in Urban India: Strengthening Delivery of Comprehensive Primary Health Services. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200409-2.

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Approximately 2.69 million tuberculosis (TB) cases—about a quarter of the global cases—were reported in India on The Global TB Report 2019. There are nearly half a million “missing” cases every year, either undiagnosed, unaccountable, or inadequately diagnosed and treated. This paper analyzes the magnitude of TB transmission and the quality of interventions in urban areas and migrant populations in India. It identifies key factors and areas that need to be further strengthened for the country to achieve its goal of eliminating TB by 2025. The study is aligned with the government’s objective to strengthen the provision of comprehensive primary health care services for the urban poor as part of India’s National Strategic Plan, 2017–2025.
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Gopinath, Ranjani, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, Sungsup Ra, and Giridhara R. Babu. Tuberculosis Control Measures in Urban India: Strengthening Delivery of Comprehensive Primary Health Services. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200409-2.

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Approximately 2.69 million tuberculosis (TB) cases—about a quarter of the global cases—were reported in India on The Global TB Report 2019. There are nearly half a million “missing” cases every year, either undiagnosed, unaccountable, or inadequately diagnosed and treated. This paper analyzes the magnitude of TB transmission and the quality of interventions in urban areas and migrant populations in India. It identifies key factors and areas that need to be further strengthened for the country to achieve its goal of eliminating TB by 2025. The study is aligned with the government’s objective to strengthen the provision of comprehensive primary health care services for the urban poor as part of India’s National Strategic Plan, 2017–2025.
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Fraumeni, Barbara, Marshall Reinsdorf, Brooks Robinson, and Matthew Williams. Price and Real Output Measures for the Education Function of Government: Exploratory Estimates for Primary & Secondary Education. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14099.

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Lipsey, Robert. Quality Change and other Influences on Measures of Export Prices of Manufactured Goods and the Terms of Trade between Primary Products and Manufacture. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4671.

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Bertoni, Eleonora, Gregory Elacqua, Carolina Méndez, and Humberto Santos. Teacher Hiring Instruments and Teacher Value Added: Evidence from Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003123.

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In this article, we explore whether the evaluation instruments used to recruit teachers in the national teacher hiring process in Peru are good predictors of teacher effectiveness. To this end, we estimate teacher value-added (TVA) measures for public primary school teachers in 2018 and test for their correlation with the results of the 2015 and 2017 national evaluations. Our findings indicate that among the three sub-tests that comprise the first, centralized stage of the process, the curricular and pedagogical knowledge component has the strongest (and significant) correlation with the TVA measure, while the weakest correlation is found with the reading comprehension component. At the second, decentralized stage, we find no significant correlation with our measures of TVA for math, as well as non-robust correlations for the professional experience and classroom observation evaluation instruments. A positive and significant correlation is found between the classroom observation component and TVA for reading. Moreover, we find correlations between our measure of TVA and several teacher characteristics: TVA is higher for female teachers and for those at higher salary levels while it is lower for teachers with temporary contracts (compared to those with permanent positions).
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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.

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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.
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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, Erik Bikelman, Bailey Egan, Diana Clarke, Debbie Gibson, Barbara Casanova, and Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.

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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.
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Melby, Jeffrey, Thomas Massey, Fatima Diop, Himangshu Das, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Victor Gonzalez, Mary Bryant, et al. Coastal Texas Protection and Restoration Feasibility Study : Coastal Texas flood risk assessment : hydrodynamic response and beach morphology. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41051.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Coastal Texas Protection and Restoration Feasibility Study coastal storm risk management (CSRM) project for the region. The project is currently in the feasibility phase. The primary goal is to develop CSRM measures that maximize national net economic development benefits. This report documents the coastal storm water level and wave hazard, including sea level rise, for a variety of flood risk management alternatives. Four beach restoration alternatives for Galveston Island and Bolivar peninsula were evaluated. Suites of synthetic tropical and historical non-tropical storms were developed and modeled. The CSTORM coupled surge-and-wave modeling system was used to accurately characterize storm circulation, water level, and wave hazards using new model meshes developed from high-resolution land and sub-aqueous surveys for with- and without-project scenarios. Beach morphology stochastic response was modeled with a Monte Carlo life-cycle simulation approach using the CSHORE morphological evolution numerical model embedded in the StormSim stochastic modeling system. Morphological and hydrodynamic response were primarily characterized with probability distributions of the number of rehabilitations and overflow.
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Oza, Shardul, and Jacobus Cilliers. What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/027.

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In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.
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