Journal articles: 'Primary producer'

1

TADA, KUNINAO, and SADAAKI YOSHIMATSU. "Primary producer in a tidal flat." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 70, no. 5 (2004): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.70.787.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ray, G. F. "The Decline of Primary Producer Power." National Institute Economic Review 121 (August 1987): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018712100104.

Full text

Abstract:

The middle years of this decade will go down in economic history as a period when primary products hit rock bottom, whatever method is used to illustrate their real value or purchasing power. There have been hardly any exceptions to this general decline. Petroleum (by far the most important primary product), foodstuffs, agricultural industrial materials, minerals and metals all shared the same fate, though the extent of their losses differed. The only exception has been coffee, owing to unusually adverse weather conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Harpole, W. Stanley, Jacqueline T. Ngai, Elsa E. Cleland, Eric W. Seabloom, Elizabeth T. Borer, Matthew E. S. Bracken, James J. Elser, et al. "Nutrient co-limitation of primary producer communities." Ecology Letters 14, no. 9 (July 12, 2011): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01651.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Finer, MH, TJ Dull, L. Qin, D. Farson, and MR Roberts. "kat: a high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes." Blood 83, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.1.43.43.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We describe a novel retroviral packaging system in which high titer amphotropic retrovirus was produced without the need to generate stable producer clones. kat expression vectors, which produce high levels of retroviral vector transcripts and retroviral packaging functions, were transfected into 293 cells followed by virus harvest 48 hours posttransfection. Viral titers as high as 3.8 proviral copies/cell/mL of frozen supernatant in 3T3 cells were obtained, 10- to 50-fold greater than transient viral titers reported using 3T3-based retroviral packaging lines. Cocultivation of primary human CD8+ T lymphocytes after transient transfection of 293 cells with kat plasmids resulted in transduction efficiencies of 10% to 40%, 5- to 10-fold greater compared to cocultivation with a high titer PA317 producer clone and significantly greater than previously reported results for transduction of primary human T lymphocytes with retroviral vectors. Virus produced using the kat system was shown to be free of detectable replication competent retrovirus by an extended provirus mobilization assay, demonstrating that this system is as safe as currently available stable packaging lines. The kat virus production system should be of general use for the rapid production of high titer viral supernatants, as well as for high-efficiency transduction hematopoietic cell types refractory to retroviral transduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Finer, MH, TJ Dull, L. Qin, D. Farson, and MR Roberts. "kat: a high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes." Blood 83, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.1.43.bloodjournal83143.

Full text

Abstract:

We describe a novel retroviral packaging system in which high titer amphotropic retrovirus was produced without the need to generate stable producer clones. kat expression vectors, which produce high levels of retroviral vector transcripts and retroviral packaging functions, were transfected into 293 cells followed by virus harvest 48 hours posttransfection. Viral titers as high as 3.8 proviral copies/cell/mL of frozen supernatant in 3T3 cells were obtained, 10- to 50-fold greater than transient viral titers reported using 3T3-based retroviral packaging lines. Cocultivation of primary human CD8+ T lymphocytes after transient transfection of 293 cells with kat plasmids resulted in transduction efficiencies of 10% to 40%, 5- to 10-fold greater compared to cocultivation with a high titer PA317 producer clone and significantly greater than previously reported results for transduction of primary human T lymphocytes with retroviral vectors. Virus produced using the kat system was shown to be free of detectable replication competent retrovirus by an extended provirus mobilization assay, demonstrating that this system is as safe as currently available stable packaging lines. The kat virus production system should be of general use for the rapid production of high titer viral supernatants, as well as for high-efficiency transduction hematopoietic cell types refractory to retroviral transduction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Daufresne, Tanguy, and Michel Loreau. "Ecological Stoichiometry, Primary Producer-Decomposer Interactions, and Ecosystem Persistence." Ecology 82, no. 11 (November 2001): 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2679835.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Daufresne, Tanguy, and Michel Loreau. "ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY, PRIMARY PRODUCER–DECOMPOSER INTERACTIONS, AND ECOSYSTEM PERSISTENCE." Ecology 82, no. 11 (November 2001): 3069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3069:esppdi]2.0.co;2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Jurd, Stephen. "Drama as primary prevention: my life as a producer." Australasian Psychiatry 21, no. 6 (August 30, 2013): 592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856213498429.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sharma, Sushma, Soniya Acharya, Samikshya Regmi, Avishek Poudel, and Gokarna Adhikari. "Production Activities and Value Chain Analysis of Sericulture in Western Inner Terai Region of Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i2.36614.

Full text

Abstract:

The study was conducted in Nov 2019 – Feb 2020 with the objective of assessing the whole value chain of sericulture products in the Western inner terai region of Nepal. The beginning of sericulture in the region was due to some personal interest but gained popularity and huge return and turned out to achieve the objectives of food security and source of employment. As per the finding and research, Bi-voltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori) was mainly reared which feeds upon the leaves of the mulberry plant. The interview result indicates that producers produce cocoon at an average of 30.05 kg per ropani in one production round and production was made twice a year. In this region, three marketing channels were identified (producer to the primary collector/small hand processor) and (producer to primary processor or reelers) and the producer himself as the processor and distributor. Producers sold the cocoon to primary collectors at NRs 500per kg cocoon which was 15% more than percent sales while selling to the government, fetching an average BC ratio of 1.3. Problems recorded as per farmers were lack of appropriate technology to widen the scope of sericulture and modern silkworm rearing techniques, lack of proper irrigation facilities, and governmental aids and support. This research will address various problems and make an emphasis to make regional sericulture production mature and profitable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Young, Matthew, Emily Howe, Teejay O’Rear, Kathleen Berridge, and Peter Moyle. "Food Web Fuel Differs Across Habitats and Seasons of a Tidal Freshwater Estuary." Estuaries and Coasts 44, no. 1 (July 11, 2020): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00762-9.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEstuarine food webs are fueled by multiple different primary producers. However, identifying the relative importance of each producer to consumers is difficult, particularly for fishes that utilize multiple food sources due to both their mobility and their generally high trophic levels. Previous studies have documented broad spatial differences in the importance of primary producers to fishes within the Upper San Francisco Estuary, California, including separation between pelagic and littoral food webs. In this study, we evaluated the importance of primary producers to adult fishes in three closely spaced subregions that represented disparate habitat types (a tidal wetland channel, a turbid backwater channel, and a deep open-water channel), each a potential outcome of local restoration projects. Using stable isotope analysis coupled with a Bayesian mixing model, we identified significant differences in primary-producer contribution to fishes and invertebrates across habitats and seasons, especially in the relative contribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and phytoplankton. Most fishes utilized multiple primary producers and showed little segregation between pelagic and littoral food webs among habitats. Availability of primary producers differs seasonally and across multiple spatial scales, helping to buffer environmental variability and thus enhancing food web resilience. Ecosystem restoration may improve with emphasis on restoring a wide variety of primary producers to support consumers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mormul, Roger Paulo, Sidinei Magela Thomaz, Márcio José da Silveira, and Liliana Rodrigues. "Epiphyton or Macrophyte: Which Primary Producer Attracts the SnailHebetancylus moricandi?" American Malacological Bulletin 28, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4003/006.028.0205.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Parrott, Lael, and Robert Kok. "A generic primary producer model for use in ecosystem simulation." Ecological Modelling 139, no. 1 (March 2001): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(01)00232-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Reaver, N. G. F., D. A. Kaplan, R. A. Mattson, E. Carter, P. V. Sucsy, and T. K. Frazer. "Hydrodynamic Controls on Primary Producer Communities in Spring‐Fed Rivers." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 4715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082571.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Davis, B. L. "Secondary non-ferrous business as viewed by the primary producer." Conservation & Recycling 8, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(85)90016-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Duruyurek, Merve, Cihan Dusgun, Mehmet Fuat Gulhan, and Zeliha Selamoğlu. "Production of Bioethanol from Waste Potato." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (February 10, 2015): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i5.331-334.277.

Full text

Abstract:

Using primary energy sources in World as fossil fuels, causes air pollution and climate change. Because of these reasons, people looking for renewable energy suppliers which has less carbondioxide and less pollution. Carbon in biofuels is producing from photosynthesis. For this, burning biofuels don’t increase carbondioxide in atmosphere. Scientists predict that plants with high carbonhydrate and protein contents are 21. centuries biofuels. Potatoes are producing over 280 million in whole world and Turkey is 6th potato producer. Turkey produces 5250000 tonne of potatoes. Approximately 20% of potatoes are waste in Niğde. Our study aimed to produce bioethanol from Solanum tuberosum by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result renewable energy sources can be produced from natural wastes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Brennan, Georgina L., Nick Colegrave, and Sinéad Collins. "Evolutionary consequences of multidriver environmental change in an aquatic primary producer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 28, 2017): 9930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703375114.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change is altering aquatic environments in a complex way, and simultaneous shifts in many properties will drive evolutionary responses in primary producers at the base of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. So far, evolutionary studies have shown how changes in environmental drivers, either alone or in pairs, affect the evolution of growth and other traits in primary producers. Here, we evolve a primary producer in 96 unique environments with different combinations of between one and eight environmental drivers to understand how evolutionary responses to environmental change depend on the identity and number of drivers. Even in multidriver environments, only a few dominant drivers explain most of the evolutionary changes in population growth rates. Most populations converge on the same growth rate by the end of the evolution experiment. However, populations adapt more when these dominant drivers occur in the presence of other drivers. This is due to an increase in the intensity of selection in environments with more drivers, which are more likely to include dominant drivers. Concurrently, many of the trait changes that occur during the initial short-term response to both single and multidriver environmental change revert after about 450 generations of evolution. In future aquatic environments, populations will encounter differing combinations of drivers and intensities of selection, which will alter the adaptive potential of primary producers. Accurately gauging the intensity of selection on key primary producers will help in predicting population size and trait evolution at the base of aquatic food webs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Younghans-Haug, Christopher O., Martha F. Wolfe, Ronald S. Tjeerdema, and Michael L. Sowby. "EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO QUANTIFY CHEMICALLY DISPERSED CRUDE BIOAVAILABILITY TO PHYTOPLANKTON." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-858.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A method for quantifying the influence of dispersants on petroleum bioavailability to primary producers in marine food chains has been developed, using the common marine alga Isochrysis galbana as the primary producer. Considerations pertinent to exposure media preparation, exposure chamber apparatus, and quantification strategies are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hall, Spencer R., Val H. Smith, David A. Lytle, and Mathew A. Leibold. "CONSTRAINTS ON PRIMARY PRODUCER N:P STOICHIOMETRY ALONG N:P SUPPLY RATIO GRADIENTS." Ecology 86, no. 7 (July 2005): 1894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-1045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Allen, Joey L., Joséphine Leflaive, Charlotte Bringuier, Loïc Ten-Hage, Eric Chauvet, Julien Cornut, and Michael Danger. "Allelopathic inhibition of primary producer growth and photosynthesis by aquatic fungi." Fungal Ecology 29 (October 2017): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2017.07.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Junaedi, J., Herri Susanto, and Benny Haryoso. "Kajian modifikasi unit reforming pabrik amoniak pusri iii dan kajian pemanfaatan gas paduser sebagai bahan bakar pengganti gas alam di pt pupuk sriwidjaja." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.5.

Full text

Abstract:

Study of reforming unit modification of ammonia plant Pusri iii and gas producer utilization as subtitution fuel for natural gas in PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja. This study dealt with an energy conservation program at the reforming unit in PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja, to anticipate the increase of price and possible shortage of natural gas in the nearfillure. A potential reduction of natural gas consumption was evaluated based on thermodynamic modeling and simulation. Three process modifications were studied and their performance had heen compared to the existing unit: KRES (KBR Reforming Exchanger System); totally replace the existing primary reformer; ATR (AutoThermal Reformer): totally replace the existing primary reformer; KRES-revamp: appending KRES on the existing unit. Compared to that of the existing reformer of 37.15 MMBtu/metric ton of NH3 the natural gas consumption in the proposed modified process are lower by 9%, 15%, and 20% in KRES-revamp, KRES. and ATR, respectively. Unfortunately, the proposed modified process produces less steam as by-product due to the decrease of waste sensible heat. Therefore, to restore the steam supply, the proposed modified process requires an additional auxiliary boiler with a capacity of 105 tons/hour for KRES-revamp, 137 tons/hour for KRES and 97 tons/hour for ATR. KRES-revamp has been considered as the most attractive modification. This modification may give an annual natural gas saving of about 8.39%. In addition based on investment aspect. KRES-revamp is very attractive due to payback period of about 10 months. The use of producer gas (produced from the gasification of coal) as a substitute of natural gas for fuel was found to be thermodynamically feasible. But a separate study shows that the producer gas price is about 5 USD/MMBtu. Thus, the use of producer gas was not attractive yet economically. Moreover, the producer gas consumption combined with natural gas is higher than natural gas only (37,26 vs. 34,86 MMBtu/metric ton of NH3 with some modifications in combustion system.Keywords: reforming unit, producer gas and energy efficiency. AbstrakSehuhungan dengan kecenderungan kenaikan harga dan ketidakpastian pasokan gas alam, PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja telah menyusun rencana penghematan konsumsi gas alam dengan modifikasi proses maupun pemanfaatan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap empat konfigurasi existing unit yang terdiri dari primary and secondary reformers, KRES yang berupa unit baru pengganti existing unit, ATR yang berupa unit baru pengganti existing unit, KRES-revamp yang menggahung KRES dengan existing unit. Secara termodinamika, teknologi produksi gas sintesis KRES-revamp, KRES. ATR terbukti lebih efisien dan dapat mengurangi konsumsi gas alam untuk pabrik amoniak berturut-turut: 9%, 15%. dan 20% dari kebutuhan gas alam untuk reformer konvensional sebesar 37,15 MMBtu/MT NH3. Walaupun efisiensi energi lebih baik, teknologi-teknologi tersebut juga memerlukan modifikasi steam system dan mengakibatkan penambahan auxiliary boiler dengan kapasitas berturut-turut: 105, 137, dan 97 ton/jam. Selanjutnya kajian diperdalam untuk KRES-revamp. Penerapan KRES-revamp dengan kapasitas produksi amoniak tetap 1200 MTPD (kasus yang pertama) dapat menurunkan biaya produksi hingga 8,39%/tahun. Hanya dengan memperhatikan investasi untuk tambahan KRES dan tambahan auxilliary boiler, Payback Period diperkirakan 10 bulan. Substitusi gas alam dengan gas produser untuk saat ini kurang menarik karena menurut kajian lain harga gas hasil gasifikasi diperkirakan mencapai 5 USD/MMBtu (pada kondisi tertentu). Terlebih lagi pemanfaatan gas produser sebagai bahan bakar pengganti gas alam memerlukan beberapa modifikasi pada sistem pembakaran. Di samping itu, konsumsi total energi gabungan gas alam dan gas produser lebih tinggi daripada yang hanya gas alam (37,26 vs. 34,86 MMBtu/MT NH3.Kata kunci: Reforming unit, Gas produser, Efisiensi Energi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ruchala, Justyna, Olena O. Kurylenko, Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk, and Andriy A. Sibirny. "Construction of advanced producers of first- and second-generation ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected species of non-conventional yeasts (Scheffersomyces stipitis, Ogataea polymorpha)." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 47, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-019-02242-x.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This review summarizes progress in the construction of efficient yeast ethanol producers from glucose/sucrose and lignocellulose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the major industrial producer of first-generation ethanol. The different approaches to increase ethanol yield and productivity from glucose in S. cerevisiae are described. Construction of the producers of second-generation ethanol is described for S. cerevisiae, one of the best natural xylose fermenters, Scheffersomyces stipitis and the most thermotolerant yeast known Ogataea polymorpha. Each of these organisms has some advantages and drawbacks. S. cerevisiae is the primary industrial ethanol producer and is the most ethanol tolerant natural yeast known and, however, cannot metabolize xylose. S. stipitis can effectively ferment both glucose and xylose and, however, has low ethanol tolerance and requires oxygen for growth. O. polymorpha grows and ferments at high temperatures and, however, produces very low amounts of ethanol from xylose. Review describes how the mentioned drawbacks could be overcome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Lambert, Dayton M., Christopher D. Clark, Laura J. Medwid, Shawn A. Hawkins, and Hannah A. McClellan. "Best pasture management practice adoption and sediment abatement." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 204–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.42.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractResearch on producer willingness to adopt individual best pasture management practices (BMPs) is extensive, but less attention has been paid to producers simultaneously adopting multiple, complementary BMPs. Applications linking primary survey data on BMP adoption to water quality biophysical models are also limited. A choice-experiment survey of livestock producers is analyzed to determine willingness to adopt pasture BMPs. Sediment abatement curves are derived by linking estimates of producer responsiveness to incentives to adopt rotational grazing with a biophysical simulation model. Current cost share rates of $24/acre should yield a 12% decrease in sediment loading from pastures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Jetz, Walter, Holger Kreft, Gerardo Ceballos, and Jens Mutke. "Global associations between terrestrial producer and vertebrate consumer diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1655 (October 2, 2008): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1005.

Full text

Abstract:

In both ecology and conservation, often a strong positive association is assumed between the diversity of plants as primary producers and that of animals, specifically primary consumers. Such a relationship has been observed at small spatial scales, and a begetting of diversity by diversity is expected under various scenarios of co-evolution and co-adaptation. But positive producer–consumer richness relationships may also arise from similar associations with past opportunities for diversification or contemporary environmental conditions, or from emerging properties of plant diversity such as vegetation complexity or productivity. Here we assess whether the producer–consumer richness relationship generalizes from plot to regional scale and provide a first global test of its strength for vascular plants and endothermic vertebrates. We find strong positive richness associations, but only limited congruence of the most diverse regions. The richness of both primary and higher-level consumers increases with plant richness at similar strength and rate. Environmental conditions emerge as much stronger predictors of consumer richness, and after accounting for environmental differences little variation is explained by plant diversity. We conclude that biotic interactions and strong local associations between plants and consumers only relatively weakly scale up to broad geographical scales and to functionally diverse taxa, for which environmental constraints on richness dominate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kiss, Konrád. "THE SATISFACTION OF PRODUCERS, SELLING IN VARIOUS MARKETPLACES – RESULTS OF A PRIMARYSURVEY FROM HUNGARY." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3542.

Full text

Abstract:

Scientific interest in short supply chains (SSC) and local food has increased in the past decade. Due to the concentration of trade, sale opportunities for small sized agricultural producers has decreased. Short supply chains can offer alternate opportunities for them in trading. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their profitability and role in rural development. In the article, producer satisfaction with marketplaces, by means of primary survey is investigated. The sample area consisted of marketplaces with different sizes and types, and were located in a 40-kilometer-radius area of the capital city, Budapest, and Gyöngyös (located in the Mátra region). Paper-questionnaires with 214 market-producers between August and December of 2018 were carried out, in 22 different places. The survey is based on conventional markets (and market-halls), producer markets, and an eco-market. Results showed that differences between producer markets and conventional ones were more determining than simple territorial differences. Differences between conventional markets of the two areas were not statistically significant. In light of the results, it is worth launching future studies or campaigns that deal with rural consumer susceptibility on producer markets. In this survey, rural producer markets – that could increase producer satisfaction – were not typical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Jangsawang, Woranuch. "Performance testing of a downdraft biomass gasifier stove for cooking applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820404011.

Full text

Abstract:

A down draft biomass gasifier stove with four steps of cleaning gas system was developed to produce the producer gas for replacing LPG for cooking applications in lunch project for the student in rural school area. This project has been implemented at Bangrakam primary school that located at Pitsanuloke Province, Thailand. The biomass fuels used are Mimosa wood twigs. The gasifier stove was developed based on down draft fixed bed gasifier with the maximum fuel capacity of fourteen kilograms. The performance testing of the biomass gasifier stove showed that the heating value of the producer gas is 4.12 MJ/Nm3 with the thermal efficiency in the percentage of 85.49. The results from this study imply that it has high potential to replace LPG with producer gas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Shi, Shoi, Sayuri Seki, Tetsuro Matano, and Hiroyuki Yamamoto. "IL-21-producer CD4+ T cell kinetics during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection." Microbes and Infection 15, no. 10-11 (September 2013): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2013.06.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Weis, Jerome J., and David M. Post. "Intraspecific variation in a predator drives cascading variation in primary producer community composition." Oikos 122, no. 9 (February 5, 2013): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00258.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ilorah, Richard. "Measuring Producer Benefits of Price Stabilization in the Nigerian Primary Sector: History Revisted." African Development Review 18, no. 1 (April 2006): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2006.00131.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Florín, M., and C. Montes. "Fluctuations of hydrochemical equilibrium in temporary saline lagunas with different primary producer communities." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 26, no. 3 (March 1998): 1387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11900951.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Lázár, Attila N., Andrew J. Wade, and Brian Moss. "Modelling Primary Producer Interaction and Composition: an Example of a UK Lowland River." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 21, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-015-9473-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Pakrashi, Sunandan, Swayamprava Dalai, Natarajan Chandrasekaran, and Amitava Mukherjee. "Trophic transfer potential of aluminium oxide nanoparticles using representative primary producer (Chlorella ellipsoides) and a primary consumer (Ceriodaphnia dubia)." Aquatic Toxicology 152 (July 2014): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.024.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Simpson, I. H., G. Kay, and W. K. Mason. "The SGS Regional Producer Network: a successful application of interactive participation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02190.

Full text

Abstract:

The Regional Producer Network (RPN) functioned across southern Australia as the primary delivery mechanism of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Program for 5 years (1996–2001) and the Harvest Year (2001–2002). It consisted of a network of Producer Committees that provided on-ground organisation to coordinate extension activities in the 11 SGS regions. The operation of the RPN was modelled on a participation mode called Interactive Participation. The main objective was to support the adoption of a large-scale practice change in the high rainfall zone towards more productive, profitable and sustainable grazing systems. Strong producer leadership developed and information exchange improved to achieve a high level of impact on management skills among those producers motivated to improve their grazing operations. The characteristics of Interactive Participation were incorporated into the processes and operation of the RPN. Defined and structured methodologies were used for collective and context-specific learning within the framework of a producer network that encouraged interaction. The strength of Interactive Participation was that producers saw participation as a right and not just a means to achieve the program goal. Each region took control over local decisions including the allocation of available resources. The process engaged all sectors of the program (producers, researchers, management and funders). The experiential extension procedures used systematic and structured learning activities to support producers who were committed to learning, on-farm change and improvement to grazing management. In developing a coordinated approach to their operation, the Producer Committees engaged grazing industry researchers, public and private extension practitioners and community groups. This collaboration strengthened local organisations and developed community confidence in the grazing industries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cherchi, Carla, Milos Miljkovic, Max Diem, and April Z. Gu. "nTiO 2 induced changes in intracellular composition and nutrient stoichiometry in primary producer — cyanobacteria." Science of The Total Environment 512-513 (April 2015): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tillmann, Urban, Malte Elbrächter, Bernd Krock, Uwe John, and Allan Cembella. "Azadinium spinosumgen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins." European Journal of Phycology 44, no. 1 (February 2009): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670260802578534.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Cerezo, Maria Isabel, and Susana Agustí. "PAHs reduce DNA synthesis and delay cell division in the widespread primary producer Prochlorococcus." Environmental Pollution 196 (January 2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kumagai, Yutaro, Osamu Takeuchi, Hiroki Kato, Himanshu Kumar, Kosuke Matsui, Eiichi Morii, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Taro Kawai, and Shizuo Akira. "Alveolar Macrophages Are the Primary Interferon-α Producer in Pulmonary Infection with RNA Viruses." Immunity 27, no. 2 (August 2007): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Christian, Robert R., Elisenda Forés, Francisco Comin, Pierluigi Viaroli, Mariachiara Naldi, and Ireneo Ferrari. "Nitrogen cycling networks of coastal ecosystems: influence of trophic status and primary producer form." Ecological Modelling 87, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(95)00019-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

GILMANOV, Alexander Ya, Konstantin M. FEDOROV, and Alexander P. SHEVELEV. "THE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL FIELDS AT THE PRIMARY STAGE OF THE STEAM-ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE PROCESS." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 7, no. 2 (2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2021-7-2-27-42.

Full text

Abstract:

This article analyzes the temperature distribution in a producer well at the primary stage of the steam-assisted gravity drainage process. The increase in share of hard-to-recover reserves requires using steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). Its successful application, in turn, depends on warming up the inter-well zone, which demands steam circulation in both wells at the primary stage of the process. The duration of this stage affects the transition to oil production and the profitability of the process, which emphasizes the importance of analyzing thermal fields at this stage to assess its duration. The existing research does not allow estimating the temperature in the producer, using the correct formulation of the problem. This paper presents the temperature distribution in a producer for SAGD for classical and chess well patterns for the first time. The aim of the work is to choose a development system for the minimum duration of primary stage of SAGD. For this purpose, the fundamental solution of the non-stationary heat equation for a continuous stationary point source in an unbounded medium is used. The estimation of temperature, at which oil becomes mobile, allows determining the primary stage duration. The authors compare the classical and chess well patterns. In addition, they have obtained the temperature distribution in producer. The results show that classical well pattern provides faster heating of inter-well zone. It is determined that the closest injection well has the greatest influence on the temperature in the producing well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

R, Dayanandan, and Tadele Yaya Ataro. "Determinants of cassava production and its marketing channel efficiency - an assessment." Journal of Management and Science 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2018.12.

Full text

Abstract:

Cassava production has got an international attention and currently different organizations and foundations are involved in research and development activities. But cassava producers in the study area are facing different challenges in production system and marketing for cassava products. Hence, the main focus of this research paper is to see the determinants of cassava production and its marketing channel efficiency in the study area. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to address the objectives and the primary data was collected from 181 sample farmers drown from three cassava producer rural villages using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Furthermore, inferential statistics like multiple linear regression model was employed to identify the determinants of cassava production. The study results indicate that the production trend of cassava in the area has been increasing time to time. The regression analysis results also disclosed that educational level, access to agricultural input, age of the farmers, pests attack, extension visit, fertility of the soil, farm size, irrigation, experience and family size were the variables that significantly influence households cassava production. It is also found that direct sale (producers sell their cassava products to the final consumers) brings the biggest price share (35%) for the farmers and it is the best channel to increase efficiency and the wealth of farmers. The challenging factors influencing the cassava producers in the study area are shortage of farm landholding, marketing chain efficiency, soil fertility, high population pressure, and drought etc. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the government, non-government, cooperatives and agricultural research centers should support the cassava producer farmers by giving improved variety and promote the non-producer farmers to participate in cassava production and create market chain in the study area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yue, Chengyan, R. Karina Gallardo, James Luby, Alicia Rihn, James R. McFerson, Vicki McCracken, Vance M. Whitaker, et al. "An Evaluation of U.S. Strawberry Producers Trait Prioritization: Evidence from Audience Surveys." HortScience 49, no. 2 (February 2014): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.2.188.

Full text

Abstract:

The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the relative importance of strawberry fruit quality and plant traits to strawberry producers. Previous studies focus on strawberry traits that impact postharvest quality and marketable yield; however, studies emphasizing the importance of these traits to strawberry producers are scarce. To investigate U.S. strawberry producer trait preferences, a series of audience surveys were conducted at four strawberry producer meetings across the United States. Results indicate that fruit firmness, fruit flavor, and fruit shelf life at retail were the most important fruit/plant traits to producers for a successful strawberry cultivar to possess. Growing state and producers’ years involved in the decision-making process of strawberry farms impacted the relative importance of the fruit/plant traits. This study directly contributes to a larger investigation of supply chain members’ trait preferences to improve the efficiency of Rosaceae fruit crop breeding programs and to increase the likelihood of new cultivar adoption. The overall project should result in a more efficient approach to new strawberry cultivar development and commercialization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Van Goethem, Ryan R., Casey J. Huckins, and Amy M. Marcarelli. "Effects of Invasive Watermilfoil on Primary Production in Littoral Zones of North-Temperate Lakes." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020082.

Full text

Abstract:

Species invasions are changing aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Submerged aquatic macrophytes control lake ecosystem processes through their direct and indirect interactions with other primary producers, but how these interactions may be altered by macrophyte species invasions in temperate lakes is poorly understood. We addressed whether invasive watermilfoil (IWM) altered standing crops and gross primary production (GPP) of other littoral primary producers (macrophytes, phytoplankton, attached algae, and periphyton) in littoral zones of six Michigan lakes through a paired-plot comparison study of sites with IWM (standardized abundance 7–56%) compared to those with little or no IWM (standardized abundance 0–2%). We found that primary producer standing crops and the GPP of epiphytes, phytoplankton, and benthic periphyton were variable among lakes and not significantly different between paired study plots. Macrophyte standing crops predicted rates of benthic periphyton GPP, and standing crops of all other primary producers across all study plots. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of IWM on other primary producers in littoral zones may be lake-specific, and are likely dependent on the density of IWM, or whether it is functionally similar to other native species that it replaces or co-exists with. Moreover, in lakes where IWM is established but does not dominate macrophyte assemblages, the effects on littoral zone productivity may be minimal. Instead, overall macrophyte biomass is the primary factor controlling the rates of production and biomass of the other littoral zone primary producers, as has long been understood and observed in lake ecosystems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sofonia, Jeremy J., and Richard K. F. Unsworth. "Development of water quality thresholds during dredging for the protection of benthic primary producer habitats." J. Environ. Monit. 12, no. 1 (2010): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b904986j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gusha, Molline N. C., Tatenda Dalu, Ryan J. Wasserman, and Christopher D. McQuaid. "Zooplankton grazing pressure is insufficient for primary producer control under elevated warming and nutrient levels." Science of The Total Environment 651 (February 2019): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.132.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ohkouchi, N., Y. Kashiyama, J. Kuroda, N. O. Ogawa, and H. Kitazato. "An importance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria as a primary producer during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2." Biogeosciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (June 16, 2006): 575–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-3-575-2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In Livello Bonarelli black shale deposited during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE-2, ca. 94 Ma), nitrogen isotopic compositions of bulk sediments are in a narrow range from −2.7 to −0.7. We also determined molecular distribution and nitrogen isotopic compositions of geoporphyrins extracted from the black shale. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of C32 Ni deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin (DPEP) and total Ni porphyrins are −3.5 and −3.3, respectively, leading us to the estimation that the mean nitrogen isotopic composition of photoautotrophic cell was around +1 during the formation of Bonarelli black shale. This value is suggestive of N2-fixation a dominant process for these photoautotrophs when assimilating nitrogen. Furthermore, Ni-chelated C32 DPEP, derived mainly from chlorophyll a was the highest concentration. Based on these evidence, we conclude that diazotrophic cyanobacteria were major primary producers during that time. The cyanobacteria may be key photoautotrophs during the formation of black shale type sediments intermittently observed throughout the later half of the Earth's history, and hence may have played a crucial role in the evolution of geochemical cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

ROUSSEL, H., L. TENHAGE, S. JOACHIM, R. LECOHU, L. GAUTHIER, and J. BONZOM. "A long-term copper exposure on freshwater ecosystem using lotic mesocosms: Primary producer community responses." Aquatic Toxicology 81, no. 2 (February 28, 2007): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Waters, Matthew N., Joseph M. Smoak, and Colin J. Saunders. "Historic primary producer communities linked to water quality and hydrologic changes in the northern Everglades." Journal of Paleolimnology 49, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-011-9569-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Field, Thomas G. "Factors that influence producer decisions to implement management strategies." Animal Health Research Reviews 15, no. 2 (November 7, 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252314000310.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCow–calf enterprises in the USA are widely divergent in size, locale, resource availability, management skill, and market focus. Furthermore, variation exists in dependence on the cow–calf enterprise as a primary source of income, perception about the utility of a particular management practice or technology, and assessment of cost: benefit resulting from implementation impact decisions. Enterprises with larger cow inventories, greater dependence on income from the cattle enterprise, and that retain ownership further into the supply chain beyond the cow–calf operation are more likely to institute management protocols such as vaccination programs, defined calving seasons, and reproductive technologies. Successful cow–calf managers place the highest priority on herd nutrition, pasture and range management, herd health, financial management marketing, production management, and genetics. Management practices are more likely to be adopted when they align with a manager's perception of the utility, labor availability, favorable cost: benefit outcomes and profit motivation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kennedy, Alison, Catherine Cosgrave, Joanna Macdonald, Kate Gunn, Timo Dietrich, and Susan Brumby. "Translating Co-Design from Face-to-Face to Online: An Australian Primary Producer Project Conducted during COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084147.

Full text

Abstract:

Primary producers face considerable risks for poor mental health. While this population can be difficult to engage in programs to prevent poor mental health, approaches tailored to reflect the context of primary producers’ life and work have been successful. This paper reports on the co-design phase of a project designed to prevent poor mental health for primary producers—specifically, the advantages, challenges and considerations of translating face-to-face co-design methods to an online environment in response to COVID-19 restrictions. The co-design phase drew upon the existing seven-step co-design framework developed by Trischler and colleagues. Online methods were adopted for all steps of the process. This paper models how this co-design approach can work in an online, primary producer context and details key considerations for future initiatives of this type. The development of online co-design methods is an important additional research method for use not only during a pandemic but also when operating with limited resources or geographic constraints. Results demonstrate the following: (i) co-designing online is possible given adequate preparation, training and resource allocation; (ii) “hard to reach” populations can be engaged using online methods providing there is adequate early-stage relationship building; (iii) co-design quality need not be compromised and may be improved when translating to online; and (iv) saved costs and resources associated with online methods can be realigned towards intervention/service creation, promotion and user engagement. Suggestions for extending Trischler and colleagues’ model are incorporated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Yap, C. K., A. Ismail, H. Omar, and S. G. Tan. "Toxicities and tolerances of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a primary producer (Isochrysis galbana) and in a primary consumer (Perna viridis)." Environment International 29, no. 8 (February 2004): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00141-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kiss, Konrád. "SHORT SUPPLY CHAINS – FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PRODUCERS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3233.

Full text

Abstract:

The modern food retail trade means a concentrated and overstocked market in developed countries as well as in many developing countries. Joining the food chains of the “modern retail trade” often poses a problem for small-sized agricultural producers, which decreases their market opportunities. Trading in short supply chains is an option for producers to reach markets and increase incomes. The object of this exploring study is to use primary interviews to assess the opinions and satisfaction of the producers trading in short supply chains about their sales opportunities. The main question is how short supply chains can perform their given roles as regards both producer positions and in rural development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Primary producer'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles