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Journal articles on the topic 'Primary school girl'
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Kipkulei, Benjamin C., Micah C. Chepchieng, Mary J. Chepchieng, and Lydia M. Boitt. "SELECTED FACTORS AFFECTING GIRLS’ PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION IN KENYA." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 48, no. 1 (2012): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.48.52.
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The girl child participation in primary school level of education has become a real concern in all nations of the World particularly in the developing countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya included. Girl child education worldwide provides benefits to the family and the society at large thus factors affecting it should be addressed for the sake of human and societal development. The objective of the study was to establish the factors affecting girls’ participation in primary schools in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated the effect socio-economic, socio-cultural and school -based factors have on a girl-child’s participation in primary school education in Kenya. In some parts of Kenya, there is low girls’ participation in primary school education thus the interest in establishing the factors that may be contributing to this problem. This was considered crucial as Kenya strives to achieve basic Education for All by 2015. The study employed a survey design. 210 girls drawn from primary classes 6, 7 and 8 participated in the study. The simple random technique was used in the selection of the sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data that were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). The findings of the study revealed that socio-economic, socio-cultural and school related factors affect girls’ participation in primary schools in Kenya. In effect, unless these factors are expeditiously addressed, primary school girls will continue to be disadvantaged in the Kenya’s school system. This will frustrate the world’s efforts in attaining basic education for all by 2015. The study therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education in Kenya should create awareness to all education stakeholders on the importance of girl child education in the country. It was also recommended that a large scale study involving sub-Saharan Africa developing nations experiencing low girls' participation in education be carried out to falsify or corroborate the findings. Key words: education, factors, girls’ participation, socio-economic, socio-cultural, school-based.
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Ross, Amy, Susan J. Paxton, and Rachel F. Rodgers. "Y's Girl: Increasing body satisfaction among primary school girls." Body Image 10, no. 4 (2013): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.06.009.
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Nyagah, S. N., and S. W. Luketero. "Transition Rate Of Girls From Lower Primary To Upper Primary, Kajiado County." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 7 (2016): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n7p418.
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This study is on factors that influence the girls’ transition rate from lower primary to upper primary in public primary schools of Kajiado County, Kenya. Four study questions guided the study. Literature review focused on international calls on girl’s education among the pastoral communities and the girl’s education in Kenya and Africa at large. The study focused on the factors that influence girls’ education which include the socio-cultural factors, socio-economic factors, school based factors and early teenage pregnancies which include the flight of the girls due to the effects of HIV/AIDS and FGM. The study used the descriptive survey design. The target population for the study was 524 comprising of 14 head teachers and 510 class six girls from all the fourteen public primary schools in Kajiado County. The sample for the study was 14 head teachers, and 16% of the girls (82) in class six from the selected schools. Based on the findings the following conclusions were made: Early marriage was found to be the main cause of girls not graduating to the next higher level of education in public primary schools. Female genital mutilation (FGM) was the second contributing factor to low transition rate of girls. Results on physical facilities had mixed reactions. Majority of the girls (72.5%) belief that lack of physical facilities had no influence on them being or not being in school. This meant that whether the physical facilities are available or not the girls will still continue with their education. Early pregnancies represented by 88.4% most likely to lead to girls leaving school before completing the entire primary cycle. Only 8.7% of the respondents indicated that early pregnancy had no influence on girls being or not being in school. It was found that there was high percentage of girls out of school due to lack of female teachers in their school to act as role models. The study also established that most of the girls from poor households go through FGM as compared to those from rich households, in which case FGM will lead to early pregnancies hence the girl leaving school.
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Tyagi, Dr Nisha. "Causes & Effects Of Absentees Of Girl Students In Government Primary Schools Of Rajasthan." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, no. 3 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1315.
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The major objectives of the present research study were to analyse the factors affecting the educational development of the girl students and the magnitude of absentees of girls at primary level in the Government school of Rajasthan. India. An attempt was made to address the phenomenon of absenteeism in Government schools in the present context. This research was based on both primary and secondary data. The Structured Questionnaire were constructed for collecting data. The primary data was collected from teachers, parents, out of schoolgirls, administrators and focus groups. The secondary data was collected from government agencies, civil society organizations, existing research studies, newspapers, magazines and reports. The data was collected through random sampling method. Here some of the major reasons of girls’ absenteeism at primary school level in rural areas: 1. Unfavourable attitude of parents. 2. Involvement of girl children in domestic activities. 3. Poverty of parents. 4. Gender discrimination. 5. Early marriage and pregnancy. 6. Violence against girls in schools. 7. Funding. 8. Child-domestic labour. 9. Lack of government schools. 10. Lack of encouragement.
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Abou, Pokou Edouard. "Does Domestic Work Affect the Academic Performance of Girls in Primary School in Côte d’Ivoire? Empirical Evidence from Probit Model." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 35 (2016): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n35p368.
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The objective of this paper is to highlight the effects of domestic work of girls on their school results in Cȏte d’Ivoire. From a probit model, the analysis indicates that domestic work favours, meaningfully, the fact about repeating a school year for the girl child. Besides, the availability of basic services in schools significantly reduces failure of girls in schools in rural areas. Thus, policy makers must equip schools with canteens, toilets for girls, and they should also provide the necessary facilities for drinking water points.
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Ampofo, Justice Agyei, and Michael Tetteh Pac. "THE IMPACT OF GHANA SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME ON GIRLS’ ENROLMENT AND ATTENDANCE IN ST. CECILIA PRIMARY ‘A’ SCHOOL, SOMBO IN WA MUNICIPALITY." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (2020): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v2i4.166.
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This study seeks to assess the impact of Ghana’sSchool Feeding Programme on girls’ enrolment and attendance in St. Cecilia Primary ‘A’, Sombo in the Wa Municipality. Using a mixed design strategy, primary data were obtained from the Chairperson of Ghana School Feeding Programme Implementation Committee, Head Teacher and Teachers in St. Cecilia Primary ‘A’, Sombo, Girl Students and Parents of school girls in St. Cecilia Primary ‘A’, Sombo in the Wa Municipality. The result indicated that the programme has influence girls’ enrolment and attendance in St. Cecilia Primary ‘A’, Sombo. The Ghana School Feeding Programme was implemented in 2012 in the school. Besides, the meal provided for the girl students cuts down household expenditure on education for girls. The programme also reduces the incidence of sexual activities among girls. This occurs through its effects of reducing short term hunger that pushes girls into sexual activities to get money and buy food during school hours. Moreover, the programme motivated parents to enroll and keep their girls in the school by generating direct or indirect livelihood sources for them. By empowering parents and providing meals for girls during school socio-economic challenges such as poverty and sexual harassment which affects girls’ enrolment in the school hasbeen minimized. The study recommends that the management of the programme should give special attention togirls in the school. Strong collaboration among key stakeholders is also recommended to support the school feeding programme. Keywords:Ghana School FeedingProgramme, Girl’s Enrolment, Girls Attendance, St. Cecilia Primary ‘A’, Sombo, Wa Municipality.
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Oluwayemi, IO, IP Ade-Ojo, and IA Ajayi. "Myasthenia gravis following chicken pox infection in a Nigerian primary school girl." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 40, no. 2 (2013): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v40i2.21.
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We report a case of myasthenia gravis occurring post Chicken pox infection in a 9 year old Nigerian girl. The girl was growing and seeing normally until 2weeks after a chicken pox infection when she observed progressive drooping of both upper eye lids which worsens as the day progresses and has persisted for more than one year. There was good response to Neostigmine.
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Lysenko, O. F., and T. V. Rusinova. "DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL PERSONALITY IN GIRLS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 56, no. 2 (2021): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2021-56-2-279.
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Statement of the problem. At the moment, there is a decrease in the value of motherhood and child in Russian society. In this regard, a wide range of practical studies on the psychology of motherhood are carried out in science. Researchers agree that the maternal sphere of personality and psychological readiness for motherhood is formed throughout ontogenesis, but the main emphasis is on working with pregnant women; there is also a number of studies conducted among adolescents. Girls of primary school age pass a number of important stages in the formation of the maternal sphere, while a modern family does not create necessary conditions for future successful motherhood of a girl and there are no specially organized appropriate psychological and pedagogical conditions. The purpose of the article is to study the characteristics of the maternal sphere of personality among girls of primary school age, to determine tpsychological and pedagogical conditions for successful formation of the maternal sphere of personality. Materials and methods. The methodology of the study consists of the concept of ontogenesis of the maternal need-motivation sphere by G. G. Filippova, the theory of psychological readiness for motherhood (E.V. Matveeva, S.Yu. Meshcheryakova), analysis and synthesis of research papers on the psychology of motherhood by Russian and international authors. Four diagnostic methods were applied: the projective technique “Family Drawing” (V.K. Loseva), the questionnaire “Analysis of Family Relations” (E.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitsky), the questionnaire “Methodology for Identifying Children with Parents” (A.I. Zarov), the author’s questionnaire for mothers (reveals features of passing the stages of formation of the maternal sphere in a girl). The basis of the study was Gymnasium No. 5 and Lyceum No. 28 in Krasnoyarsk. The sample included 53 girls (8–10 years old) and their mothers. Research results. Indicators of the formation of the maternal sphere of personality in girls of primary school age according to the stages of its formation are presented. The maternal sphere of personality at this stage of age development is quite developed among 51 % of girls, it is relatively developed among 45,2 % and it is not developed enough among 3,8 %. A more favorable picture is observed in the formation of an operational block, which is formed among 83 % of the surveyed. The need-emotional block is formed among a slightly smaller number of girls – 77,3 %. The greatest difficulties were noted in the formation of the value-sense block, which is formed among 70 % of the sample. Of all the results obtained, it is especially alarming that in junior school age for 41,5 % of girls the most significant figure in the family is not mother and only 45,3 % of respondents are in a psychologically close relationship with their mother. Conclusion. Conclusions are made about the formation of the maternal sphere of personality in the junior school age. The obtained data make it possible to talk about various and coordinated types of activities of teachers, narrow school specialists to create psychological and pedagogical conditions necessary for successful formation of the maternal need-motivation sphere of personality.
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Kazianga, Harounan, Dan Levy, Leigh L. Linden, and Matt Sloan. "The Effects of “Girl-Friendly” Schools: Evidence from the BRIGHT School Construction Program in Burkina Faso." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 3 (2013): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.3.41.
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We evaluate a “girl-friendly” primary school program in Burkina Faso using a regression discontinuity design. After 2.5 years, the program increased enrollment by 19 percentage points and increased test scores by 0.41 standard deviations. For those caused to attend school, scores increased by 2.2 standard deviations. Girls' enrollment increased by 5 percentage points more than boys' enrollment, but they experienced the same increase in test scores as boys. The unique characteristics of the schools are responsible for increasing enrollment by 13 percentage points and test scores by 0.35 standard deviations. They account for the entire difference in the treatment effects by gender. (JEL I21, I28, J16, O15)
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Read, Barbara. "Britney, Beyoncé, and me – primary school girls’ role models and constructions of the ‘popular’ girl." Gender and Education 23, no. 1 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540251003674089.
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Dar, Parvaiz Ahmad. "Universalization of Elementary Education: Challenges, Issues and Efforts." IARS' International Research Journal 11, no. 2 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v11i2.2021.165.
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The Indian education system is perhaps the largest system in the world catering the need of millions of students of different socio-economic background. Education is globally acknowledged as the most powerful means of empowerment. Education is utmost important for every child irrespective of its gender. It is disheartening that, even in current modern scenario, some people are still against the education of the girl children. Every child has the right to receive elementary education however, Due to many factors girls are forced to leave school while others never have been provided an opportunity to enroll in schools. Among children not attending schools there are more girls than boys and among illiterate adults, there are more women than women. Many girls continue to dropout that adversely affects the efficiency of the education system and respective progressive expectations. The unfinished task in terms of un-enrolled and out-of-school girl child is the manor challenge. Rigorous and continuous efforts are required to bring and retain girl children under the purview of education system. The community and government schemes in this direction, can jointly play a vital role in bringing and retaining girl children to schools for primary and secondary education. To understand the problems and challenges faced by girls at elementary education level the author conducted a study in education zone Magam. The zone progressed significantly but still it has many areas of concern that are primarily responsible for un-fulfilment of the goals of universal literacy. There are number of problems which become hindrance in the way of education of girls but whatever the reason is if significant efforts were taken this problem can be then tackled easily. So, the authors hope that this study can help us to illuminate some of the complexities around education of the girls at elementary level and bring new insight to policy makers and educational practitioners.
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Verma, Neeti, and Prashant Kumar Bajpai. "Health status of primary school children: study in urban slums of Lucknow." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (2021): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211449.
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Background: Children are the wealth of any nation because they constitute one of the population's essential segments. Through school health services, morbidity patterns and nutritional status deficiencies are detected early and controlled to get a healthy and economically productive future generation. The present study was undertaken to assess the health status of primary school children in slum areas of Lucknow and find the morbidity pattern of the study population.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 760 students of primary schools. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and semi-structured questionnaire was used as a study tool.Results: Most of the subjects 362 (47.7%) were in age group of 7-9 years, and were distributed almost equally in the classes from 1st to 5thstandard. About one fourth (26.8%) school children were underweight, whereas 5.6% school children were found overweight. Girls (34.0%) were found underweight more than the boys (20.8%). In contrast, more boys (8.8%) were overweight than girl students (2.6%).Conclusions: The common infirmities found were underweight (26.8%), dental caries (6.1%), anemia (14.9%), pediculosis (17.2%) and ear discharge (2.2%). Proper knowledge regarding and the creation of awareness amongst the school children, their families, about the causes and ill effects of the various morbidities are essential. Emphasis should be given to school children regarding prevailing morbidities amongst them by class teachers.
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KUNWAR, RAJESH, and PB PILLAI. "NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF GIRL CHILD A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 54, no. 4 (1998): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30592-0.
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Lawrence, Caroline. "Interactive Mithras: Giving Primary School Children an Introduction to Mithras." Journal of Classics Teaching 19, no. 38 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s205863101800017x.
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The year before I had become obsessed with the grave of a 14-year-old Roman girl found in Lant Street, South London. Her bones and grave goods tell us that although she was blue-eyed with North European ancestry, she grew up in the Southern Mediterranean, (maybe even North Africa). When she was about nine or ten she made the long trip to London. She died five years later, aged about 14, and was buried with several interesting objects, including an exotic folding knife with an ivory handle in the shape of a leopard.
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Sharma, Sushil. "Perceptions and Practices Regarding Sexual Activities among Girl Students." Journal of Health Promotion 6 (November 25, 2018): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v6i0.21809.
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This study attempts to reflect the perception of higher secondary level girl students towards various sexual activities. Since it is the peak point of sexual desire, they are more probable to involve in various sexual activities. The study is based on primary data, mainly focuses to dig-out the perception and practices of various sexual activities among higher secondary level girls students in Pokhara. There are 61 public and 47 private higher secondary schools in Kaski district. Out of them, 17 public higher secondary schools have education stream which is the universe population of the study. In selecting these schools as the source of study population, purposive sampling method is used. Here, eight public higher secondary schools are selected by simple random sampling method and 12 unmarried girl students are selected from each school on random basis. Altogether 96 students are considered as the respondents for the study and the questionnaire method is chosen as the tool to track-out their sexual activities. As per their responses, masturbation, premarital sex etc are found as the sexual practices. Masturbation is found to be more common in girls. In most cases, masturbation, mutual sharing of sexual knowledge and teasing and poking related to sex, observatory practice of porn films and habit of reading sex related literatures are found more common in them. In addition, parents’ educational background and occupations have a lot to do with their view towards various sexual activities.Journal of Health Promotion Vol.6 2008, p.86-91
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Ogamba, Ikedinachi K. "“Of age – off school”: sexual maturation, girls’ education and capabilities." Health Education 119, no. 3 (2019): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-03-2019-0012.
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PurposeOver the years, efforts to ensure equal participation of girls in school in Nigeria have been met with some setbacks, amidst significant progress in mobilising communities for gender equality and mainstreaming. The purpose of this paper is to explore a number of features associated with sexual maturation that affect girls’ non-enrolment, limited attendance, performance at school and gender inequality in primary and secondary education in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe analytical engagement with the capability approach draws out elements of inequalities and demonstrates that issues of sexual maturation do not just constitute personal health challenge for adolescent girls, but bring up wider issues of socio-cultural, community and institutional deprivation and injustice.FindingsThough laudable initiatives have been in place to improve girls’ participation and attainment in education, there is a dire need for appropriate policy and actions to address the supply and demand barriers to meeting girls’ needs, including making schools more girl-friendly and safe, providing school-based health programmes, sex education and sanitation facilities, train teachers against gender-stereotype, flexible school schedules and enforce re-admission policy. But beyond school policy and environment, there is also the need to respond to opportunity costs of schooling and leverage collective capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper argues that cultural and socioeconomic factors surrounding sexual maturation are implicated in gender differentials in participation and performance of girls and gender inequality in education. It suggests the need for the application of collective capabilities for action towards addressing girls’ sexual maturation issues and education in the society.
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Riram, Bombi, and T. K. Lhungdim. "To Study the Various Co-curricular Activities of Girl Student of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya and Government Upper Primary School of East Siang District Arunachal Pradesh." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 11 (2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.369.
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Co-Curricular Activities are important part of curriculum. These activities are important for the overall development of students. Though CCA are non-academic activities, it supports the academic purpose of schools, through positive reinforcements for the social and emotional aspects. It benefits the school children in gaining valuable academic and social experiences by providing wide range of opportunities and experience for self-expression and participation. The present study is an attempt to study the participation of girls’ students in various co-curricular activities that are organised in the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya and Government Upper Primary School of East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh. A sample of 4 KGBV and 4 GUPS from 2 blocks,5 teachers and 10 girls’ students from each school have been taken by following simple random technique. The total sample consist of 8 schools,40 teachers and 80 girls’ students. It is a descriptive research study. For collecting various information, the researcher used the constructed questionnaire. The data analysis had been done by using simple frequency and percentage technique. The findings of the study revealed that girls’ students of KGBV took more active participation in CCA than GUPS.
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Bhardwaj, Aman, Aswathy Sreedevi, Sanjeev Vasudevan, and Geetha Vidyadharan. "Pattern of anaemia, determinants and weekly iron and folic acid supplementation programme among tribal adolescent girls attending a primary health centre in Wayanad, Kerala." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 7 (2020): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203017.
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Anaemia is a major cause of concern during adolescence particularly among the persons of tribal origin. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of anaemia, determinants and coverage of the weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS) programme among adolescent girls in a tribal area. A cross sectional study was conducted among 196 adolescent girls at a primary health care centre in tribal area of Kerala. Every alternate adolescent girl attending the centre was chosen over a period of three months. Assent and informed consent from accompanying parents was obtained. Haemoglobin was estimated by Sahli’s method and peripheral smear prepared. Three fourths of the adolescent girls had iron deficiency anaemia; of which 48.64% had moderate anaemia 5.40% had severe anaemia and 1.6% had sickle cell anaemia. Adolescents belonging to Paniya tribe and those not consuming Iron and folic acid tablets under WIFS programme were three times (OR 2.95 95% CI 1.38,6.28) and two times (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.24, 5.11) respectively were more likely to be anaemic. Most (80%) of the anaemic girls were unaware about WIFS scheme and the intake of the iron supplementation was significantly higher in school going girls. Strengthening the WIFS scheme by targeting the vulnerable adolescent girls of Paniya tribe and out of school girls are of extreme importance in tackling the problem of anaemia among tribal adolescent girls.
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Batubara, Jose R. L., Paruhum T. Siregar, M. Lutfi, Daniel Makes, and Wawan Hermawan. "Primary Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Single Parathyroid Adenoma." Paediatrica Indonesiana 35, no. 9-10 (2018): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.236-40.
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Primary hyperparathyroidism is rarely found in children under sixteen years old. We report the first case seen at the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Jakarta. This 15-year old girl was admitted to the Department, referred by an orthopedic surgeon because of pathologic fractures suspected to be caused by hyperparathyroidism. The physical examination was unremarkable, and the laboratory findings showed increased level of parathyroid hormone. Roentgenologic examination showed lytic skull lesions, loss of the lamina dura of the dentis, subperiosteal resorption of the symphysis and generalized osteoporosis with pathologic fractures. Color Doppler USG using a high resolution ultrasound examination was performed to find the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism. The result revealed single parathyroid adenoma in the right superior region measuring 2.7 x 1.7 x 1 cm. The clinical manifestation and laboratory findings showed improvement following surgery.
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Pandita, Ramesh. "Enrolment & Dropout Percentage among Boys & Girls up to Secondary Level in India: A Comparative Study." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 49 (March 2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.49.123.
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Purpose: The present paper seeks to examine the enrolment and dropout percentage of children in India, supported with empirical findings up to secondary level. Although, the study is general in nature, but the emphasis has been laid on the girl child education, which is one of the greatest concerns in the Indian school education sector. Some of the aspects studied include, enrolment and dropout of children during the period of study, under both boys and girls category, their corresponding growth rate in enrolment, their corresponding decline rate in dropout and many other allied aspects.Scope: The study is confined to secondary level education and the findings have direct bearing on the Indian school education system. Given the population size of India and the socioeconomic conditions of the country, there is a need to observe caution, while generalizing the findings for other countries.Methodology/Approach: The present study is purely based on the analysis of secondary data retrieved from the official website of the Ministry of Human Resource and Development, Govt., of India. The data lasts for the decade 2001-02 to 2010-11 and was retrieved on October 02, 2014. Since the data on the website stands up-dated up to the year 2010-11, as such the findings simply reflect a trend in the enrolment and dropout percentage in India and may show variation by the time figures are updated.Findings: The study reveals that during the period of study, the enrolment percentage of girls has improved over two fold to that of boys. As, compared to 18.17% increase in the overall enrolment of boys, the enrolment percentage of girls increased by 40.52% during the decade. The corresponding growth surely reflects the changed mindset of male dominated Indian social setup towards the girl child. Even, the average annual dropout percentage of girls remained better to that of boys, as the girls recorded a corresponding decline in their dropout percentage by 3.53%, while as in case of boys the dropout percentage declined by 2.54% annually. Despite all these positives, the discouraging part is that compared to 57.39% boys, 60.39% girls’ dropout by or before reaching the upper primary level and against 78.40% boys, 81.72% girls’ dropout by or before reaching the secondary level.Social Implications: Given the new and changed world order, no country can afford to remain elusive of basic formal education, what is commonly known as elementary education and so holds true of India. The study is a positive indicator of the growing awareness among Indian masses towards the promotion of girl child education, but still there is lot yet to be done to reduce the dropout percentage between upper primary and secondary level for both boys in general and girls in particular.
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Nurfitri, Nurfitri, Andi Rizky Amaliah, and Nour Sriyanah. "THE EFFECT OF ABDOMINAL STRETCHING EXERCISE ON THE INTENSITY OF DYSMENORRHEA." Jurnal Kesehatan 14, no. 1 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v14i1.21665.
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Aim: to assess the effect of abdominal stretching exercise on the reduction of intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girl students at the State Senior High School. Method: This study was a quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest research design with a total of the study samples were 40 respondents by purposive sampling technique. Assessment of the effect of abdominal stretching exercise was carried out before and after 8 abdominal stretching exercise trials. The gathered data were processed and analyzed using the paired samples t-test using IBM SPSS statistical software, version 26. Results of the present study demonstrated a significant effect of abdominal stretching exercise on the reduction of dysmenorrheal intensity (P < 0.05). Discussion The effects of high-intensity exercise on progesterone, prostaglandin metabolites (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (KDPGF2α), TNF-α, and pain intensity were found to be increased in progesterone and decreased KDPGF2α, TNF-α, and pain intensity after exercise high intensity is relative without exercise. The mechanisms underlying high-intensity exercise-induced analgesia use hormones (progesterone) and cytokine-mediated mechanisms to reduce pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: abdominal stretching exercise significantly reduced the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girl students. Therefore, abdominal stretching exercise is beneficial to be used as an alternative method in reducing intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.
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Gonong, Danielle Anne, and Manuelito Madrid. "Metachronous Primary Cerebral Rhabdomyosarcoma After Treatment of Oral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor/ Ewing’s Sarcoma in a School-Aged Girl: A Case Report." Philippine Journal of Pathology 5, no. 2 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21141/pjp.2020.13.
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Multiple primary malignancies are defined as two or three malignant neoplasms arising in different organ systems. Several cases of multiple primary malignancies are emerging in recent years due to the advancement in medical therapy and diagnostics. Multiple primary malignancies are not uncommon occurring at 0.7-16% of cancer patients, however, reported cases of multiple primary sarcomas are sparse. Presented in this report is a pediatric patient diagnosed with primary metachronous cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma after being treated for primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing’s sarcoma of the oral cavity. Despite limited cases addressing multiple primary sarcomas, this entity must not be overlooked as it is associated with a meager outcome compared to an index case of sarcoma alone.
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Permeiswari, Sadhya. "Learning from “Totto-chan: the Little Girl at the Window”: An Educational Perspective from Japanese Author." Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education 1, no. 1 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/utamax.v1i1.2816.
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The novel “Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window” is a novel which some parts of its story reflects concept of education that is unique and different. The concept education in this novel related with educational value according to Moleong perspective. Therefore, this research is mainly purposed to search about what are the educational values found in Tottochan: The Little Girl at the Window”? and how educational values appear in “Tottochan: The Little Girl at the Window” based on Moleong perspective. This research is qualitative one by using content analysis method. Two data sources were chosen the primary data source is the novel itself and the secondary data are books, literature, official websites and other relevant materials. In general, the result found educational values contained in the novel based on Moleong perspective. By this research, it is expected that teachers can implement the positive things that exist in this study and in the novels at school and also encourage students’ interest in literature.
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Kellermann, Ingrid, and Christoph Wulf. "Mobbing in einer Grundschule?" Paragrana 27, no. 1 (2018): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2018-0006.
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AbstractThis article reconstructs a conflict arising in a primary school in an inner-city district of Berlin. A pencil case of a newly enrolled girl with a migration background has been hidden. Is it a mobbing act? The teacher feels affected and reacts aggressively. In a longue monologue she collectively holds to account the children. Through her facial expressions, her gestures, her posture, and the prosody of her voice she communicates her moral point of view and her critique of the children. Emphatically she demands not to exclude but to integrate the girl. The interruption of the lesson indicates the importance of the conflict. To avoid the creation of a scapegoat the situation is taken seriously. Committed to the idea of a parenting instruction the teacher wants to secure recognition and appreciation among the children. The question arises if her strong emotional reaction is the adequate way to avoid the exclusion of the girl.
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Yuwono, Natalia, Dominicus Husada, and Sukmawati Basuki. "PREVALENCE OF SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS AMONG ELEMENTARY CHILDREN IN SORONG DISTRICT, WEST PAPUA." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 7, no. 4 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i4.7362.
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Soil transmitted helminthiasis are common in the world and cause illness, especially in developing countries. It can cause infection in humans by contact with parasitic eggs or larvae that live in moist and warm soil. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is often caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus. In Indonesia, Soil transmitted helminthiasis prevalence is still high in some places. The tropical climate and high humidity support for the development of worms like in Sorong District, but there was no data. The purpose of this study is to identify the presece of Soil transmitted helminthiasis in primary school children in Sorong District. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two elementary schools located in Sorong District, West Papua, Indonesia. The two elementary schools are SDN 22 in Klain village and SD Inpres 24 in sub-district Mayamuk. Once collected, the pot that has contained stool is given formalin 10%. Stool examinattion using direct smear method to determine the presence of soil transmitted helminthiasis. Researchers get the subject as many as 147 children. The proportion of elementary school children by sex consists of 72 boys (49%) and 75 girls (51%). The prevalence of Soil transmitted helminthiasis as a whole was 30.6% (45/147) with 40.1% (18/45) single infections and 59.9% (27/45) mixed infections. The single infection that most frequent is Trichuris trichiura, then followed by Ascaris lumbricoides. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis mostly found in girl than boy and mostly found in 6-9 years age group. The worm species that infect elementary school children in the district is Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. This is probably related with the climate and low sanitation level. To eliminate soil transmitted helminthiasis among elementary school children, in addition to routine treatment also needs intensive counseling about the importance of maintaining personal hygiene and the environment.
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Olawale, Sunday, and Juliet Perumal. "Girl-Child Streetism and Possible Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 3 (2021): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n3a8.
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Streetism is a growing problem worldwide and Africa is one of the continents with the highest population of street children. United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) refers to street children as children whom the street, more than their family, becomes their real home. The recent statistics released by UNICEF revealed that States in the North-east and North-west regions of Nigeria have female primary net attendance rates of 47.7 per cent and 47.3 per cent, which shows that more than half of the girls in those parts of the country are not in school. This paper examined streetism from the gender perspective, to draw the attention of the government, civil societies, and other stakeholders towards responding to the menace of street girls. This study was carried out by conducting document analysis and careful study of various secondary data sources obtained online. Google scholar, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL) were used to retrieve journal articles, news items and other electronic materials written on the complexities of streetism as it affects girl children in Sub-Saharan Africa. High vulnerability to violence, rape, sexually transmitted diseases, and teenage pregnancy are the major problems found in the literature to be of peculiarity to street girls. Special programmes such as street education and literacy, and vocational skills acquisition programmes for street children were suggested as possible interventions to respond to the menace of streetism in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
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Mohanty, Seemita, Apparao Thamminaina, and Pallavi Kanungo. "DELIVERING QUALITY EDUCATION TO GIRLS FROM PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGS) IN INDIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 1 (2019): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7143.
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Purpose of the study: The Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are the least developed among all the communities in India. In spite of multiple state-supported schemes to bring about positive changes in their lives, the results have been abysmally poor. This study aims at identifying the social and cultural barriers that have prevented school-going PVTG girls to participate in education and to suggest the enablers that would facilitate their level of participation in education.
 Methodology: The study was conducted in Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha (India) comprising four PVTGs, namely, Paudi Bhuiyan, Lodha, Hill Kharia, and Mankidia. For the selection of villages in the districts, a list of villages inhabited by these four tribes was prepared. After filtering out the populated villages, a random selection of four villages was made for each selected tribe. The study included PVTG girls in the age group of 6-14 years, and 80 girls, including both school-going students, and out-of-school girls were randomly accessed to meet the objectives of the study. A mixed-method approach was adopted to identify the barriers to participation in education. Firstly, the primary responses were collected during a five-month period from Aug-Dec, 2018 by using three separate interview schedules for the girls, their parents, and the school teachers. Data triangulation was further done through four focused group discussions (FGD) in the selected villages. The feedbacks thus received were used to prepare the proposed educational structure for the PVTG girls. Additionally, content analysis of all the audio-visual recordings collected during the fieldwork was done to enumerate the case-studies pertaining to each district.
 Main Findings: The results indicate that the dropout percentage is more among students in classes VI-VII as compared to lower classes. Assisting in household work and in agricultural lands during harvest season, single-teacher schools, which are a reality in many remote schools of the districts, and predominantly male teachers in day-schools, are other hindering factors.
 Applications of this study: The study holds implications for researchers and scholars working in the fields of tribal studies and education and other allied areas. It can assist the policymakers in taking corrective measures to address some of the persistent issues relating to tribal girl-child education.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the paper lies in the proposed methodical model that takes into account the ground-level realities, which need to be addressed to enhance the tribal girls ’ participation in quality education. Neg- ative and positive influences of siblings staying and studying in the same residential schools have been identified in this study which could be taken up for further research.
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Hayati, Erlina, and Husna Sari. "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI DENGAN UPAYA PENANGANAN DISMENOREA DI SMA NEGERI 1 NAMORAMBE KAB. DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2019." Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro 2, no. 1 (2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpk2r.v2i1.174.
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In Indonesia the incidence of primary type of dysmenorrhoea is around 54.89% while the rest are patients with secondary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhea occurs in teenage girl with a prevalence ranging from 43% to 93%, of which around 74-80% of teenage girl experience mild dysmenorrhea, while the incidence of endometriosis in teenage girl with pelvic pain is estimated at 25-38%, whereas in teenage girl who do not respond positively to treatment for menstrual pain, endometriosis is found in 67% of cases in laparoscopy. Dismenorrhea is an imbalance of the hormone progesterone in the blood resulting in pain, psychological factors play a role in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in some women. Knowledge of dysmenorrhea is very influential on attitudes in dealing with dysmenorrhea. The attitude shown by young women is seen from how much knowledge teenage girl have. The research design used was descriptive analytic with cross sectional design. The studies sample was a 76 students of with dysmenorrhea class XI teenage girl in Namorambe 1 Senior High School Distric Deli Serdang In 2019 there were 76 people with dysmenorrhoea. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by Chi Square test. The results showed that the value of knowledge with efforts to treat dysmenorrhea was significant 0.006 p ≤ 0.05 and the attitude value with efforts to treat dysmenorrhea was significant 0.014 p ≤ 0.05. It is expected that young women can increase their knowledge about reproductive health, especially the problem of dysmenorrhoea and efforts to handle it from reliable sources such as parents, health workers, teachers or reading books about women's reproductive health.
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Baumgartner, Kabria. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Education and Abolition." Ethnic Studies Review 32, no. 2 (2009): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2009.32.2.52.
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Some thirty years before Harriet Ann Jacobs opened the Jacobs Free School in Alexandria, Virginia in January 1864, one of her first students was her fifty-threeyear-old uncle, Fred. The seventeen-year-old Harriet appreciated her uncle's “most earnest desire to learn to read” and promised to teach him.1 As slaves, both teacher and student risked the punishment of “thirtynine lashes on [the] bare back” as well as imprisonment for violating North Carolina's anti-literacy laws targeting African Americans.2 Nevertheless they agreed to meet three times a week in a “quiet nook” where she instructed him in secret.3 While the primary goal for him was to read the Bible, this moment in Jacobs' slave narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl revealed her early commitment to African American literacy and education as well as her rejection of the laws of American slavery. In that moment, the vocations of education and abolition took root for Harriet Jacobs.
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Baumgartner, Kabria. "Searching for Sarah: Black Girlhood, Education, and the Archive." History of Education Quarterly 60, no. 1 (2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2019.49.
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Roberts v. City of Boston is a well-known legal case in the history of US education. In 1847, the Boston School Committee denied Sarah C. Roberts, a five-year-old African American girl, admission to the public primary school closest to her home. She was instead ordered to attend the all-black Abiel Smith School, about a half-mile walk from her home. In March 1848, Sarah's father, Benjamin, sued the city of Boston for denying Sarah the right to attend the public school closest to her home. The case wound its way through the courts, eventually reaching the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. In 1850, Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw ruled in favor of the city of Boston, affirming that the Boston School Committee had “not violated any principle of equality, inasmuch as they have provided a school with competent instructors for the colored children, where they enjoy equal advantages of instruction with those enjoyed by the white children.” And thus, the doctrine of separate but equal was born in Massachusetts.
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Hashim, Haida Umiera, and Melor Md Yunus. "English as a Second Language (ESL) Learning: Setting the Right Environment for Second Language Acquisition." Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah 3, no. 2 (2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v3i2.2941.
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Early exposure to English is very important as it is crucial for learners to acquire English language at early age as English is a global language that is used not only in the level of primary and secondary school but also in tertiary level of education. Schools can be one of the important roles in influencing second language acquisition, particularly English language. However, most schools did not consider acquiring English from the perspective of learners’ fluency and rarely consider movements or approaches that they can take to improve ESL learning among students. This study intended to investigate the influence of school settings and routines on ESL learning among secondary students. A qualitative method is used in this study as data were collected through the method of observation and interview. The observation period throughout the process of collecting data has been conducted based on a field note specifically prepared for this study. The participants involved in this study were all-girl school students located in Selangor. The gathered data were then interpreted in the findings analysis. Based on this study, it was proven that there are co-relations between the school settings and routines on ESL learning among secondary students. It was found that school settings and routines do influence ESL learning among secondary students. Discussion and recommendations are further explained in this study. Thus, it is hoped for future researchers to conduct further research on related factors that might help to contribute in ESL learning among ESL learners.
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Cooper, Jane, and Louise Oliaro. "School-Based Filial Therapy with a Seven-Year-Old Girl in a Rural Australian Primary School: Addressing Emotional and Behavioral Barriers to Meaningful Engagement in Education." International Journal of Learner Diversity and Identities 26, no. 1 (2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-0128/cgp/v26i01/37-45.
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Gharsan, Fatehia Nasser, Naglaa Fekry Abdel-Hamed, Somia Abd Alla Mohammed Elhassan, and Nihad Gubara Abdel Rahman Gubara. "The prevalence of infection with head lice pediculus humanus capitis among elementary girl students in Albaha region-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 2, no. 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20161426.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head lice infestation with <em>Pediculus humanus capitis</em> is a widespread health concern among school children. The prevalence of lice infestation and the associated risk factors were assessed among primary school girls in Albaha region.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 672 girls in Al Makhwa area were examined and interviewed. The prevalence of pediculosis was 45.45%.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated there was a significant relation between lice infestation and several risk factors: crowdness in classrooms (89.52% in heavily crowded classes); sharing bedrooms (P≤0.001); hair washing frequency and the person washing it (P≤0.001); sharing combs and towels (69.53 and 71.4% respectively); using a hair-dryer (P≤0.001). Girls' school class level, hair characters, family income, number of family members, mother's education and occupation, mode of transport to school and presence of a house servant were found to have no significant impact on head lice infestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Family education is needed to implement proper personal hygiene practices and cease sharing personal items. Periodic screening of students at school and home is recommended for early detection and treatment.</p>
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Hernández, Marisela, Estefany Terrazas, Fernando Martínez, et al. "Exergames to study psychomotor factors of children with ADHD: Preliminary findings." Avances en Interacción Humano-Computadora, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47756/aihc.y5i1.70.
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Exergaming is considered an effective way to promote physical exercising for young children. Previous work has argued in favor of using exergaming to help with health problems such as obesity, or to contribute with brain maturation, which may affect motor and cognitive abilities. In this work, we describe the preliminary results of a study focused on observing the psychomotor factors exposed by a child with ADHD attending a public primary school. The case of study is an eleven-year-old girl who attends a public primary school but who receives academic support from special education therapists. An off-the-shelf exergame was selected based on its instructional and physical activation features, which the child played with for six weeks. The exergame meets its aim to stimulate psychomotor factors. Attention, speed of reaction, body posture, temporospatial and dissociation skills are categories used for video analysis. Preliminary results seem to indicate that the child’s interaction with the game has produced positive outcomes for reading comprehension, writing, memory, and visuomotor skills. CUMANES and MABC-2 are the batteries used for PRE and POST tests.
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Gunawati, Arista, and Wenny Artanty Nisman. "Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Dismenorea di SMP Negeri di Yogyakarta." Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi 8, no. 1 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkr.56294.
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Background: : The prevalence of incidence primary dysmenorrhea in Indonesia reaches 72,89 %. The level of dysmenorrhea varied among teenage girls from mild, moderate, to severe pain. There are various factors affecting the level of dysmenorrhea include age, nutritional status, age of menarche student, age of menarche her mother, the pain menarche, menstrual cycle, duration menstruation, body condition before menstruation, dysmenorrhea frequency, duration dysmenorrhea and disruption of activity.Objective: To know the factors correlated with level of dysmenorrhea among students in one of Junior High School in Yogyakarta.Method: This was observational research with cross sectional study and instruments used were questionnaire. This research conducted on Mei 2016. Total population was 195 students with 74 as minimum sample. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling and the study involved 94 students as sample.Results and Discussion: Factors associated with the level of dysmenorrhea were pain during menarche, dysmenorrhea frequency and disruption of the activities of the female students in one of the Junior High School in Yogyakarta. Factors not related to the level of dysmenorrhea were age, nutritional status, age of menarche student, age of menarche her mother, menstrual cycle, duration menstruation, body condition prior to menstruation and duration of dysmenorrhea of the female students in one of the Junior High School in YogyakartaConclusion: Factors associated with level of dysmenorrhea was pain of menarche, dysmenorrhea frequency and disruption of the activities of the female students. Keywords: dysmenorrhea level; menstruation; teenage girl.
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Feyissa, Mulugeta, Tadesse Nigussie, Yitagesu Mamo, and Temesgen Aferu. "Adolescent Girl–Mother Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues Among Students in Fiche Town, Oromia, Central Ethiopia." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272094051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720940511.
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Background: Adolescents who have communication about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with their parents are less likely to participate in risky sexual behaviors and to utilize modern contraceptives. However, communication on SRH issues between adolescents and their parents continues to be below the desired goals in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To assess SRH communication between adolescent girls and their mothers among students in secondary and preparatory schools in Fiche town, Oromia, Central Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 27 to March 30, 2017, using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A total of 181 adolescent female students selected from 2 schools in the town participated in the study. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, student-mother communication, and knowledge about and attitudes toward SRH issues. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables with a P value less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 103 (56.9%) of the students had discussed SRH issues with their mothers. The mothers’ educational status (ie, primary school and above, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.01, 95% CI = 3.55-28.19; the student living with friends, AOR = 5.29, 95% CI = 1.09-25.47; the students’ knowledge about SRH issues, AOR = 8.57, 95% CI = 3.61-20.35; and students’ attitude toward SRH issues, AOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.26-6.15) were identified as independent positive predictors of student-mother communication on selected SRH issues. Conclusion: More than half of the study participants had communication on SRH issues with their mothers. SRH communication was positively associated with maternal educational status, the students’ living with friends, and the student’s knowledge of and attitude toward SRH issues.
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Zhou, Yanli, Sensen He, Ke Zhou, et al. "Psychometric Properties of the Chinese-Language Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale: A Confirmatory Study on Chinese Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179253.
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Background: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS) using a cross-sectional design. Methods: The sample consisted of 692 primary students in China (boy 52.6%, girl 47.4%). The mean age of the participants was 9.4 years (SD = 0.92). Psychometric properties of the 57-item APAS was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The hypothesized seven factors model was supported by CFA (CFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.901, SRMR = 0.041, RMSEA = 0.029) after 22 items were removed and the inclusion of seven residual covariance for items loaded on the same factor. Cronbach’s alphas of the scales ranged between 0.50 and 0.76. The composite reliability (CR) was between 0.50 and 0.75. All inter-factor correlation coefficient was less than 0.85. Conclusions: Findings provided empirical evidence that the Chinese version of the APAS has adequate psychometric properties for assessing attitudes of primary school children in China toward physical activity.
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Khatun, Hazera, and Tarannum Rahman. "Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS): A Case History." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 4, no. 1 (2015): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v4i1.52875.
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is an inherited X-linked recessive disease with a mutation in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene resulting in - functioning of Y sex chromosome and abnormality on X sex chromosome, where affected individuals have male chromosomes and male gonads with complete or partial feminization of the external genitals. Recently a case of complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) is reported at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka. A 15 years old school girl was admitted with primary amenorrhea with bilateral inguinal hernia. Diagnosis of complete AIS is confirmed by discovering an adult male testosterone level, 46, XY karyotype, absence of axillary and pubic hair and a shallow vagina, with no cervix or uterus.
 Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2014; 4(1): 33-37
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Roberts, Judith. "Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up interactive bi-lingual resources to support the delivery of sex and relationships education for students aged 5 to 12 years." Health Education 115, no. 1 (2015): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-12-2013-0065.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of new interactive, bi-lingual Sex and Relationships Education (SRE) resources called Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up, suitable for students aged between five and 12 years. It also discusses the evidence used to support the development of the resources, the support provided for teachers and parents and an initial evaluation following their use. Design/methodology/approach – Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up are interactive bi-lingual (Welsh and English) SRE teaching resources for primary schools suitable for students aged five to 12 years. These resources comprise of two components, an interactive electronic web-based programme and a floor mat illustrating a naked boy and girl. The electronic web-based programme is used to introduce puberty changes, loving relationships, conception, pregnancy and birth and is suitable for students aged nine to 12 years. The floor mat is suitable to be used with students aged between five and 12 years. Teaching activities can include naming body parts, discussing gender differences, personal safety, distinguishing between appropriate and inappropriate touching, discussing puberty changes and other health promotion activities as well as delivering aspects of the National Curriculum for Wales. Findings – The results from the initial evaluation undertaken with year six students and teachers demonstrates how the resources have impacted on the teaching and learning experiences of primary teachers and students. It also demonstrates how the teacher training sessions and using the Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up resources have increased teachers’ confidence in delivering SRE. Practical implications – The learning experiences of students and their enjoyment of using the Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up resources were significantly high. The implementation of teacher training improved teaching practice and increased teachers’ confidence in the subject. The resources have facilitated the delivery of effective whole school comprehensive SRE programmes for primary schools. These factors confirm the value of the investment given to their development. The resources could easily be customised in line with diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious requirements. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates how the Tyfu i Fyny/Growing Up interactive SRE resources have influenced the teaching and learning experiences of primary school teachers and students.
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Sulistiyowati, Anugrah, Andik Matulessy, and Herlan Pratikto. "Psikoedukasi Seks untuk Mencegah Pelecehan Seksual pada Anak Prasekolah." Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan 6, no. 1 (2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v6i1.5171.
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Abstrak. Pelecehan seksual pada anak adalah perilaku yang mengarah pada hal yang bersifat seksual pada anak, tidak dikehendaki oleh anak, serta menimbulkan dampak negative pada anak. Kasus pelecehan seksual pada anak semakin meningkat pertahunnya sehingga perlu dilakukan pencegahan melalui psikoedukasi seks pada anak prasekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh psikoedukasi seks dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pelecehan seksual anak prasekolah. Penelitian tersebut menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain one group pretest posttest. Subyek yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah siswa TK atau prasekolah sebanyak 10 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan yang dipilih secara purposif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon singed rank digunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh psikoedukasi seks untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pelecehan seksual pada anak prasekolah sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Didapatkan nilai z sebesar -3.926 dengan p=0.000 (p<0.01) hal ini menunjukan pengetahuan tentang pelecehan seksual pada anak setelah diberikan intervensi meningkat, namun tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan antara anak laki-laki dengan anak perempuan.Kata kunci: Pelecehan seksual anak, psikoedukasi seksAbstract. Child Sexual Abuse is a form of violation against children’s right and it leads to various negative effects on them. Child Sexual Abuse cases is growing day each day. In order to protect them, it is necessary to conduct primary prevention through improving knowledge about child sexual abuse towards pre-school children. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of psycho sexual education to improve child sexual abuse knowledge among pre-school girl and boy. This study used quantative method with one group pre-test post-test group design. The subjects of this study were pres-school student (kindergarten students) selected by purposive sampling method. Wilcoxon Sign-Ranked Test used to measure the effect of psycho sexual education to improve child sexual abuse knowledge among pre-school students before and after intervention gained z score -3,926 at p0.000 (p<0.01). This results showed there was sexual abuse knowledge improvement towards children after given intervention, but there was sexual abuse knowledge improvement no differences between girl and boy students.Key words : Child sexual abuse, Psychoeducation Sex
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Cartei, Valentina, Alan Garnham, Jane Oakhill, Robin Banerjee, Lucy Roberts, and David Reby. "Children can control the expression of masculinity and femininity through the voice." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 7 (2019): 190656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190656.
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Pre-pubertal boys and girls speak with acoustically different voices despite the absence of a clear anatomical dimorphism in the vocal apparatus, suggesting that a strong component of the expression of gender through the voice is behavioural. Initial evidence for this hypothesis was found in a previous study showing that children can alter their voice to sound like a boy or like a girl. However, whether they can spontaneously modulate these voice components within their own gender in order to vary the expression of their masculinity and femininity remained to be investigated. Here, seventy-two English-speaking children aged 6–10 were asked to give voice to child characters varying in masculine and feminine stereotypicality to investigate whether primary school children spontaneously adjust their sex-related cues in the voice—fundamental frequency ( F 0) and formant spacing (Δ F )—along gender stereotypical lines. Boys and girls masculinized their voice, by lowering F 0 and Δ F , when impersonating stereotypically masculine child characters of the same sex. Girls and older boys also feminized their voice, by raising their F 0 and Δ F , when impersonating stereotypically feminine same-sex child characters. These findings reveal that children have some knowledge of the sexually dimorphic acoustic cues underlying the expression of gender, and are capable of controlling them to modulate gender-related attributes, paving the way for the use of the voice as an implicit, objective measure of the development of gender stereotypes and behaviour.
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ul Rashid, Manzoor. "EMPOWERING FEMALES THROUGH FIT INDIA MOVEMENT PROGRAM." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (2021): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12347.
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Fit India Movement is a nation-wide movement in India to encourage people to remain healthy and fit by including physical activities and sports in their daily lives. It was launched by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi at Indira Gandhi Stadium in New Delhi on 29 August 2019 (National Sports Day). At present there are significant disparities in the gender distribution in India with a clear preponderance for males. At this juncture the government is taking all steps to improve the scenario. But the fact remains that there are very few initiatives being implemented to make the girl child stronger and healthier. Physical activity is important for everybody, including all teenagers, but especially for girls who are generally less active than boys in the same age. As teens juggle the transition from primary school to high school there are other pressures that come with it: socially, at home, and at school. Issues such as body image, the onset of menstruation, and general feelings of insecurity about the changing body can surface in these years. Physical activity sometimes takes a back seat to other priorities. However, physical activity is an important part of health and wellbeing, and girls should remain active as they grow up. The purpose of the research article is to shed light on the benefits which women and girls gain through participation in sports. The word Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social, educational, gender, or economic strength of individuals and communities. Today sports and physical activity as a strategy for the empowerment of girls and women has been gaining recognition worldwide. Women could be empowered through education, sports and physical activities and by giving them equal opportunities in different walks of life. A woman is both Mahamaya and Maha Shakti and holds the key of the world. As Swami Vivekananda wrote that it is very difficult to understand why in this country so much difference is made between men and women, whereas the Vedanta declares that one and the same Conscious self is present in all beings. In short, woman empowerment is the breaking of personal limitations. Sports and Physical Education play important and major role in all these segments of women Empowerment.
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Oktaviani, Refni, and Nanda Novziransyah. "HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN USIA MENARCHE PADA SISWI SMP NEGERI 1 KUNTO DARUSSALAM TAHUN 2016." Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan 3, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34008/jurhesti.v3i1.18.
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Menarche is the first period experienced (menstruation) by every adolescent who will enter puberty. The age when a girl began menstruating are very varied. Several recent studies indicate that the age of menarche in adolescence has decreased in recent years. The decline in the age of menarhe caused by several factors, one of them is nutritional status. This type of research is used observational analytic to determine the relationship of nutritional status and the age of menarche in junior high school 1 Kunto Darussalam 2016 with cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all students of Junior high school 1 Kunto Darussalam totaling 210 people. Consecutive sampling method is used to take a sample with a sample of 68 people overall. The collected data include consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by direct measurement and questionnaires, secondary data obtained from the Administration School. Analysis techniques data used are analysis techniques data univariate and bivariate. Hypothesis testing was doing at the level of significance of 0.05 or 95%.The results of this research shown the average age of menarche in junior high school 1 Kunto Darussalam 2016 is 11.66 years. From the results showed that there are differences in the average age of menarche between the nutritional status Underweight, Normalweight, Pre-Obesity and Obesity. It was found that the average age of menarche earlier occurred in student years Obesity is 10.25. Based on the analysis using Chi-Square(p-value = 0.013), it can be concluded that there is relationship between nutritional status and age of menarche. From results of this research suggested to the adolescent to live a life style and a healthy life style, so that it can achieve normal reproductive health.Key words : menarche, nutritional status
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Uehara, Erika, Tomohiro Nagata, Tomoko Ota, et al. "Primary Aldosteronism as the Initial Presentation of Adrenocortical Multiple Hormone Producing Tumor." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A152—A153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.308.
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Abstract Introduction: Primary aldosteronism (PA) accounts for ∼10% of cases of hypertension in adults, however it’s a rare disease in children. We present a rare pediatric case with PA as the initial presentation of adrenocortical multiple hormone producing tumor. Case: A 7-year-old Japanese girl, who had right-sided hypoplastic leg and foot syndactyly, presented to our hospital due to abnormal ECG of ST depression at V6 on school health check-up. She showed normal growth, no signs of virilization nor Cushingoid appearance. She had elevated blood pressure (164/98 mmHg), low potassium (2.6–3.0 mEq/L) and low cardiac ejection fraction (30–40%). Her plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was 441 pg/mL and aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) was 1470. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI showed a right adrenal mass (34×22×30 mm) with high lipid content, which led to the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism by the right adrenal adenoma. Adrenal venous sampling failed to identify localization of aldosterone production. Since the possibility of bilateral production of aldosterone remained, the girl was treated with multiple anti-hypertensive medicine including spironolactone and potassium supplementation. Although the serum potassium levels were maintained within normal range, exercise-induced PVCs occurred 6 months after first visit. Abdominal US showed no changes in size of the tumor. Ten months later, she showed gradual weight gain without growth deceleration. Twelve months later, abdominal US revealed apparent enlargement of the right adrenal mass, and MRI scan showed a 156% increase in size of the right adrenal mass (32×50×53 mm). She showed further weight gain with moon face, hirsutism and acne. Hormonal analysis revealed elevated serum and urine cortisol levels (30–40μg/dL and 269–337 μg/m2/day, respectively), and suppressed ACTH levels with no diurnal variation. Serum testosterone levels elevated to 1.00 ng/mL and serum DHEA-S to 273 μg/dL. Retrospective analysis of serum testosterone at the first visit was already mildly elevated to 0.47 ng/mL. Although no distant metastases were detected before surgery, direct liver invasion was found at right adrenal tumor rejection. Clinical Lessons: Primary aldosterone producing adenoma is extremely rare in childhood. In our case, initially the adrenal tumor produced aldosterone predominantly, and it revealed to produce glucocorticoid and androgen later on. Androgen producing adrenal tumor in children tends to have malignant nature. Although initial presentation was compatible with the primary aldosteronism, intense follow-up with detailed monitoring of various hormone levels and images, and early surgical intervention should be considered.
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Badoe, Ebenezer V. "Dopa-responsive dystonia or Segawa disease in Ghana: a case report." Third Edition of the HSI Journal: Volume 2 Issue 1, 2021 Publication. 2, no. 1 (2021): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46829/hsijournal.2021.6.2.1.202-204.
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Dystonias are rare in childhood and consist of variably sustained twisting deformation of a limb or parts of a trunk. Dystonias can be considered primary because of a genetic disorder or secondary due to a central nervous system injury like cerebral palsy or medications. The rare dopa-responsive dystonia is often mistaken for cerebral palsy, stroke, localized limb trauma or conversion disorder. The aim of this report is to increase the awareness of a rare but eminently treatable type of dystonia known as dopa–responsive dystonia or Segawa disease. In this report a young girl with dystonia who was severely disabled and could not attend school was misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy for two years. After treatment with low dose L-dopa within 48 hours, a dramatic and sustained response with restoration of foot dystonia and mobility was observed. Recognition of L-dopa dystonia facilitates proper treatment and significant improvement in quality of life
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Belagavi, Dr Dayanand. "Awareness: Treatment and Prevention of Anemia among Higher Primary School Girls." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (2020): 4156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020128.
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Varga-Tóth, Andrea, Gábor Németh, and Edit Paulik. "A szexuális nevelésről orvosi szemmel a hazai adatok és a nemzetközi irányelvek tükrében." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 13 (2019): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31359.
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Abstract: Introduction: The prevention of early sexual life and its unwanted consequences is a worldwide problem. National and international surveys have shown that adolescents have their first sexual intercourse at a younger age. Aim: The study aimed to determine the way of sexual education of young people provided by physicians – general practitioners, paediatricians, obstetricians, gynaecologists etc. – in accordance with the results of a questionnaire-based study, the experiences gained during the interactive education and the suggestions of international guidelines dealing with sexual education. Method: Self-administered questionnaire-based study was performed among 13–18-year-old girls attending primary or secondary school (N = 868) between 2009 and 2016. The sexual activity of adolescent girls, their knowledge related to contraception and sexually transmitted infectious diseases, gynaecological (e.g., cancer screening) experiences were measured before sexual education performed by a gynaecologist. Results: Every 4th girl had the first sexual act at the age of 14 or before, but at the same time their sexual knowledge was incomplete and there was a significant proportion of those who already have had sex but have never had a gynaecological examination. Conclusion: The results highlighted the educational deficiencies of reproductive life, which is a complex task to solve, to address the changing approach of national healthcare and education systems, to adopt and follow scientific evidence-based guidelines. All health-care workers who are in contact with adolescents during their work must be involved in the sexual education. It is essential to continue incorporating sex education into education from early childhood to young adult age. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(13): 494–501.
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Kamareh, Sanaz, Majid Kazem, Maryam Foroozandeh, and Atefeh Gohari. "Management of two taurodont primary molars with pulp involvement using calcium-enriched mixture cement pulpotomy in a patient with accompanied drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: a case report." Biomedical Research and Therapy 6, no. 5 (2019): 3184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v6i5.545.
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Background: Taurodontism is considered a variation in tooth morphology associated with several syndromes.
 Case Presentation: This report presents a case of taurodontism associated with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. A 5-year-old girl, with a history of DRESS syndrome, was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry at the School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, with a chief complaint of toothache. Clinical and Radiographic examinations showed deep carious lesions with large pulp chambers and short roots present in relation to second mandibular primary molars. Routine pulpectomy could not be performed as a result of complex tooth morphology. Instead, we played a deep pulpotomy with calcium-enriched mixture cement agent, and the crowns were restored. Follow-up observations after six and 12 months showed that the tooth was asymptomatic, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed no swelling, no sensitivity to percussion and palpation.
 Conclusion: In patients with carious taurodont deciduous teeth, deep pulpotomy with biomaterials such as calcium-enriched mixture cement can result in favorable outcomes.
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Uppal, Charu. "Over Time and Beyond Disney—Visualizing Princesses through a Comparative Study in India, Fiji, and Sweden." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040105.
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Disney animated princesses are broadcasted around the world through Disney Channel and its global affiliates as well as through numerous other networks that purchase distribution rights. In an attempt to provide diversity in the last 25 years, Disney has featured nonwestern princesses such as those in Aladdin (1992), Pocahontas (1995), Mulan (1998), and Moana (2016). This study examines how princesses in animated Disney movies are perceived and understood by girls (8–15 years) in three different countries, over two time-periods with a gap of nearly a decade (2009 and 2018). The primary research question, considering Disney’s global reach, is how race, culture, and presence of a royal family interact with transnational access to the same media content in the perception of the princess concept and about being a girl. The selected countries provide an opportunity to explore differences in perception of Disney princesses between girls raised in countries with and without a royal family, and between girls in nonwestern and western countries. Differences in the perception are attributed to local and national cultures that allow a different lens to view the same content. A mixed method combining interviews, focus groups, and participant-generated images was used to gather data in India, Fiji, and Sweden. Results indicate Disney princesses, with their ubiquitous presence in various formats, e.g., media content, costumes and school stationery, have created a uniform idea of beauty across countries. Princesses in Disney were perceived by participants as being Caucasian and American, regardless of the race or country they represented. Girls in India and Fiji did not identify with Jasmine or Mulan, whom they considered ‘American’, whereas girls in Sweden considered Jasmine and Mulan as princesses of nonwestern origin. Girls in India and Fiji did not think they could be princesses because of their skin color, and did not want to lead a life ‘restricted with responsibilities’, but girls in Sweden considered the same question from the place of a choice, i.e., they preferred not to lead a ‘boring’ and regulated life like that of a princess. Participants from Fiji, with the least access to domestic programming that showed girls of their same Fijian origin, were least likely to consider themselves capable of being a princess.
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Paechter, Carrie. "Tomboys and girly-girls: embodied femininities in primary schools." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 31, no. 2 (2010): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01596301003679743.
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