Relevant bibliographies by topics / Primary sources

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Primary sources'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Primary sources"

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Tsontakis, George. "Primary Sources." Musical Quarterly 77, no. 4 (1993): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mq/77.4.769.

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Adams, Annis Lee. "Primary sources." Public Services Quarterly 19, no. 4 (2023): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2023.2266362.

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Callahan, Cynthia, and Emily Hipchen. "Primary Sources: Literature." Adoption & Culture 4, no. 1 (2014): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ado.2014.0005.

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McMichael, Mandy. "Engaging primary sources." Teaching Theology & Religion 20, no. 3 (2017): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/teth.12396.

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Anstey, Peter. "Primary sources review." Metascience 9, no. 3 (2000): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02913491.

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Palazzola, Benedette. "Sources: World Religions: Almanac, Biographies, Primary Sources." Reference & User Services Quarterly 46, no. 4 (2007): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.46n4.95.

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DeNotto, Michael. "Research Methods Primary Sources." Charleston Advisor 23, no. 3 (2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.3.51.

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Adam Matthew Digital's (AMD) product Research Methods Primary Sources (RMPS) is designed to offer a way for pedagogues to enhance their teaching of archival and historical documents by integrating digital case studies and learning tools like interviews with archivists, librarians, and conservators to help students evaluate, utilize, and interpret primary sources in academic research. This product would be useful across the humanities including literary, medieval, global, and media studies, but most particularly within the context of history courses. And there is ample material related to gender, disability, race, and other critical studies that operate across disciplines. Research Methods Primary Sources works on its own, though it is enhanced with additional subscriptions to Adam Matthew Digital primary source collections.
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Cook, David. "Primary lithium power sources." Electronics and Power 33, no. 8 (1987): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ep.1987.0313.

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Tunnicliffe, Nerys. "Teaching with primary sources." Archives and Records 38, no. 2 (2017): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23257962.2017.1351338.

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&NA;. "Primary and Secondary Sources." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 109, no. 4 (2009): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000348612.62478.db.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primary sources"

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Meier, Lori T. "Episode 4: Primary & Secondary Sources." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/social-studies-education-oer/4.

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In this episode, we discuss the use of primary and secondary sources in the elementary social studies classroom. We explore the definitions for both primary and secondary sources, examine how they are connected to K-5 standards and curriculum frameworks, and visit various digital resources where teachers can find engaging primary sources for their students.<br>https://dc.etsu.edu/social-studies-education-oer/1003/thumbnail.jpg
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FERNANDEZ, J. LASSO. "HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM RENEWABLE PRIMARY SOURCES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/366899.

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ABSTRACT One of the most attracting renewable sources for energy production is bioethanol, which can be obtained from biomass. Special attention is here focused on the steam reforming reaction of ethanol (SRE) in which the principal product, hydrogen, is an interesting energy vector to produce power, electricity and heat. However, the process has not yet come to maturity and it should be optimized in order to made it industrially available. To this aim, we focused our work on catalysts synthesis for SRE, trying to couple high activity and durability. Different catalyst formulations based on Ni as active phase, supported over zeolite-BEA, zirconia, titania and lanthana were synthesized and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-rays diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and infra-red Fourier transform spectroscopy. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated for SRE by using absolute ethanol and bioethanol 50 and 90 vol%, obtained from second generation biomass and kindly supplied by Mossi&Ghisolfi. An important aim of the work was the intensification of the process from the energetic point of view, decreasing the energy input to the reformer (endothermal reaction) to better integrate this high temperature stage with the hydrogen purification section and the possible use of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM-FC).
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Vella, Yosanne. "Supporting young children's learning with primary historical sources." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249418.

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Carslaw, David Carlin. "Transport sources of primary nitrogen dioxide in London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416941.

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Boyum, Danielle C. "Primary Sources in Social Studies| A Multiple Case Study Examining the Successful Use of Primary Sources in the Secondary History Classroom." Thesis, Piedmont College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288372.

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<p> The ultimate goal of teaching history to young people is to create effective, responsible citizens (Fallace, 2009). Despite such ambitious goals, the traditional teacher-centered method of instruction has not proven to have engaged students. As a result, students often rank history as their least-liked subject, particularly at the secondary level. One instructional strategy that may ameliorate this problem is the incorporation of primary sources. Identifying the inhibitors and inducers of primary sources, the researcher in this study explored and described the elements of successful primary source use in the secondary American and world history classrooms of three teacher participants in a qualitative, semester-long case study. Student and teacher perspectives of the impact of primary sources were also considered. In contrast to some of the existing literature, primary sources can be employed successfully and consistently in the secondary history classroom as demonstrated by the three teacher participants in this semester-long study in a large suburban Atlanta, Georgia, school district.</p>
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Chaudhary, Abdul Jabbar. "Added-value chemicals from secondary and low-grade primary sources." Thesis, City University London, 1990. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7664/.

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A number of metals have been recovered from a variety of secondary and low-grade primary sources. Processing the leach solution directly to recover metals has the advantage over the conventional metal salt recovery system which usually requires the expensive chemical purification steps to get high added-value chemicals. Metals were recovered from dilute solutions using fluidised bed electrolysis in an easily dissolved form to produce added value-chemicals. A detailed study on the separation of cobalt and nickel from cobalt-nickel cake by oxidative precipitation using Caro's acid as an oxidant is also reported. Following encouraging laboratory studies the process was successfully tested on pilot scale at a copper nickel smelter. The cobalt level was brought down from 8.6 g/l to 50 ppm with the pH kept above 4. Studies have also been carried out for the recovery of gold along with other metals from computer scrap. Following nitric acid pretreatment the gold was recovered using acidic thiourea leaching method. The manufacture of arsenic acid from arsenic(IH) oxide by nitric acid was also studied. Two reported methods are, (1) standard method (addition of solid arsenic oxide to hot acid) and (2) slurry method (addition of acid to slurried arsenic oxide). The problems associated with the standard method are, (a) Excessive foaming and (b) Evolution of large volume of gases leads to uncontrollable reaction. These problems were avoided by changing the standard route to slurry method. The slurry method was tested successfully on a plant scale production at William Blythe & Co. Ltd., U.K. The company is now producing arsenic acid routinely using slurry method. The production of aluminium sulphate from clay samples and the purification of quartz for glass industry is also reported. The use of 50% sulphuric acid was found to be the best to extract all the aluminium in the clay samples. The excess of sulphuric acid (23% of stochiometry) is required to leach all the aluminum. The product was found to contain trace level impurities of iron, calcium, potassium, and sodium. The quartz purification step includes the use of sulphide and non-sulphide collectors to remove the undesirable impurities. The final stage involves the acid washing step to dissolve the acid soluble impurities. The acid washed product was pure and suitable for glass industry.
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Meier, Lori T. "Learning with Walt Disney: Primary Sources from WWII to Tomorrowland." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5904.

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Dulli, Lisa S. Foshee Vangie. "Primary socialization theory and bullying the effects of primary sources of socialization on bullying behaviors among adolescents /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,491.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education." Discipline: Health Behavior and Health Education; Department/School: Public Health.
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Wang, Nai-Ching. "Supporting Historical Research and Education with Crowdsourced Analysis of Primary Sources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87437.

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Historians, like many types of scholars, are often researchers and educators, and both roles involve significant interaction with primary sources. Primary sources are not only direct evidence for historical arguments but also important materials for teaching historical thinking skills to students in classrooms, and engaging the broader public. However, finding high quality primary sources that are relevant to a historian's specialized topics of interest remains a significant challenge. Automated approaches to text analysis struggle to provide relevant results for these "long tail" searches with long semantic distances from the source material. Consequently, historians are often frustrated at spending so much time on manually the relevance of the contents of these archives other than writing and analysis. To overcome these challenges, my dissertation explores the use of crowdsourcing to support historians in analysis of primary sources. In four studies, I first proposed a class-sourcing model where historians outsource historical analysis to students as a teaching method and students learn historical thinking and gain authentic research experience while doing these analysis tasks. Incite, a realization of this model, deployed in 15 classrooms with positive feedback. Second, I expanded the class-sourcing model to a broader audience, novice (paid) crowds and developedthe Read-agree-predict (RAP) technique to accurately evaluate relevance between primary sources and research topics. Third, I presented a set of design principles for crowdsourcing complex historical documents via the American Soldier project on Zooniverse. Finally, I developed CrowdSCIM to help crowds learn historical thinking and evaluated the tradeoffs between quality, learning and efficiency. The outcomes of the studies provide systems, techniques and design guidelines to 1) support historians in their research and teaching practices, 2) help crowd workers learn historical thinking and 3) suggest implications for the design of future crowdsourcing systems.<br>Ph. D.<br>Historians, like many types of scholars, are often researchers and educators, and both roles involve significant interaction with primary sources. Primary sources are not only direct evidence for historical arguments but also important materials for teaching historical thinking skills to students in classrooms, and engaging the broader public. However, finding highquality primary sources that are relevant to a historian’s specialized topics of interest remains a significant challenge. Automated approaches to text analysis struggle to provide relevant results for these “long tail” searches with long semantic distances from the source material. Consequently, historians are often frustrated at spending so much time on manually the relevance of the contents of these archives other than writing and analysis. To overcome these challenges, my dissertation explores the use of crowdsourcing to support historians in analysis of primary sources. In four studies, I first proposed a class-sourcing model where historians outsource historical analysis to students as a teaching method and students learn historical thinking and gain authentic research experience while doing these analysis tasks. Incite, a realization of this model, deployed in 15 classrooms with positive feedback. Second, I expanded the class-sourcing model to a broader audience, novice (paid) crowds and developed the Read-agree-predict (RAP) technique to accurately evaluate relevance between primary sources and research topics. Third, I presented a set of design principles for crowdsourcing complex historical documents via the American Soldier project on Zooniverse. Finally, I developed CrowdSCIM to help crowds learn historical thinking and evaluated the tradeoffs between quality, learning and efficiency. The outcomes of the studies provide systems, techniques and design guidelines to 1) support historians in their research and teaching practices, 2) help crowd workers learn historical thinking and 3) suggest implications for the design of future crowdsourcing systems.
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Nelson, Michelle RaeLynn. "A comprehensive approach to using primary sources in elementary curriculum development." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3229.

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A teacher resource packet was created that teachers can use at the third through sixth grade levels to effectively implement the use of primary sources into their existing curriculum to promote greater historical understanding, imagination, emapthy and critical thinking. This project is intended to change teacher behaviors of teaching using an archival view of history to one that applies critical thinking and promotes in-depth student understanding of historical events.
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Books on the topic "Primary sources"

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1969-, Haugen David M., ed. Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2003.

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1974-, Torr James D., ed. Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2002.

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Tait, Leia. Primary sources. Weigl Publishers, 2008.

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1969-, Haugen David M., ed. Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2002.

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1933-, Swisher Clarice, ed. Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2003.

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Saari, Peggy. Space exploration: Primary sources. UXL, Thomson Gale, 2004.

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Textile Society of America. Proceedings. Textiles as primary sources. Textile Society of America, 1988.

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Haldon, John F. Primary Sources. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199252466.013.0002.

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Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2003.

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Primary sources. Lucent Books, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Primary sources"

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Andrés-Toledo, Miguel Ángel. "Primary Sources." In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785539.ch34.

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Sheffield, Daniel J. "Primary Sources." In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785539.ch35.

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Sheffield, Daniel J. "Primary Sources." In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785539.ch36.

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Griffini, Marianna. "Primary Sources." In The Politics of Memory in the Italian Populist Radical Right. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252597-12.

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"Select Primary Sources." In A Companion to World War I. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323634.source.

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"Primary Sources." In Naming the Land. Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vxpx.16.

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"Primary Sources." In The Romantic Foundations of the American Renaissance. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501745669-032.

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"Sources: Primary." In Reformed Scholasticism. T&t Clark, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567679758.ch-002.

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"Primary sources." In The Cambridge Companion to the Cistercian Order. Cambridge University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cco9780511735899.025.

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"Primary Sources." In The Cambridge World History of Lexicography. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316827437.036.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primary sources"

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Nitcheva, Olga. "PRIMARY STUDIES FOR THE PRESENCE OF OFFSHORE FRESHENED GROUNDWATER IN THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA SHELF." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s12.20.

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The groundwaters draining in the continental shelf area can be an unconventional resource of fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes in water-scarce coastal areas. Recently, possible offshore sources of such groundwater in the coastal zone have been subject of increased investigation and description. The aim of the present research is to identify similar, available for use, potential sources of Offshore Frehsened Groundwater (OFG) in the area of the shelf of the Northern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. In the watershed of this region, which has the least rainfall in the country, there is almost no surface runoff, the rainfall mainly feeds the groundwater. A hydrogeological analysis of the region was carried out to identify potential submarine sources of fresh groundwater. 40 years ago in that shelf area, on the basis of temperature and mineralization anomalies of the seafloor waters, continental Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) zones were established. The present studies, based on the detection of anomalies in the distribution of bottom and surface sea water temperature in the area, were carried out to confirm the then established data on the availability of potential submarine sources of fresh water. For this purpose, data from observation obtained by modern high-tech means were used. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) mapping and water contrast plume zones establishment was conducted for Northern Bulgaria by applying a high-resolution satellite product (GHRSST, CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature) from the NASA data-set. The locations of mapped potential groundwater discharge determined by the present SST study are consistent with those previously estimated. The study is the basis for further research, local sampling to assess the existence and magnitude of the Offshore Freshened Groundwater (OFG) and its potential utility.
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Bruemmer, S. M., L. A. Chariot, and C. H. Henager. "Microstructure and Microdeformation Effects on IGSCC of Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tubing." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87088.

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Abstract Microdeformation characteristics in Alloy 600 tubing have been examined after various tensile deformations. Microstructure developed during processing was found to control subsequent microdeformation behavior. Grain boundary carbides were the most effective source of dislocations, activating at lower macro-strains and continuing to operate at higher macrostrains than other sources. Ledges within grain boundaries, twin boundaries and matrix carbides also acted as dislocation sources. Most dislocation activity at low strains was confined to planar arrays. A conceptual model is presented to account for the effects of interfacial and matrix microstructure on microdeformation and primary-side SCC of Alloy 600 tubing. Microstructure is linked to IGSCC resistance through its influence on microdeformation behavior and the resultant crack-tip stress state. Dislocation source activity at grain interfaces is proposed to be a critical aspect controlling IGSCC susceptibility. Effective sources such as grain boundary carbides promote crack blunting, decrease the crack-tip stress state and increase resistance to cracking.
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Veresiu, Silvia, Madalina Rus, Elena Mereuta, Valentin Amortila, and Mihai Gingarasu. "STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY ON THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION OF WASTEWATER IN ROMANIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s19.59.

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This research aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the necessity for generating electrical energy using conventional methods, simultaneously assessing the impact on water quality. Wastewater, originating from fluids used in industrial processes or households, contains various impurities and is discharged into the natural aquatic environment (such as rivers, lakes, or the Black Sea) or onto various lands, either with or without prior treatment. The production and utilization of primary energy raw materials, such as coal, oil, natural gas, firewood, or the generation of energy through hydroelectric, nuclear, and unconventional sources, entail the need for water in associated technological processes. Consequently, wastewater becomes a potential source of pollution, even when subjected to treatment in a purification station or a complex of facilities developed or adapted to reduce pollutant concentrations. This investigation was initiated with the objective of identifying the categories and methods of energy production that generate significant quantities of pollutants. The identification of a statistical correlation (Pearson coefficient) between primary fuels used in energy generation and the level of pollution in industrial waters suggests the imperative need to restrict or eliminate certain fuel sources in favor of environmental protection, as part of an effort to promote sustainable development. The analysis was conducted over a period spanning from 2006 to 2022, encompassing the evaluation of various fuels, including coal, lignite, and others, which generate pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, mercury, etc. The information utilized in this analysis was sourced from official channels, specifically from the National Institute of Statistics in Romania.
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"DIGITAL PRIMARY SOURCES – RAUM FÜR PRIMÄR DIGITALE ANGELEGENHEITEN." In digital humanities austria 2018. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/dha-proceedings2018s10.

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Kim, Kisik, and Emil Wolf. "Field correlations within fluctuating nonradiating primary sources." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wx6.

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In a paper published not long ago, field correlations within 3-D homogeneous primary sources were studied.1 It was found that if the source is also isotropic, the degree of spectral coherence of the field has, in general, a universal form that is independent of the actual form of the source-correlation function. We present results relating to some of the special cases for which the universal form does not hold. These represent limiting cases for large dimensions of nonradiating stochastic sources.2 We consider in detail a class of large nonradiating primary sources which are Bessel-correlated, and we derive explicit expressions for their field-correlation functions. We examine some consequences of these results. We find, in particular, that with increasing separation of the source points, the field correlations decrease more slowly than the source correlations.
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Keller, Roderich. "Primary ion sources for EBIS." In The eighth international symposium on electron beam ion sources and traps and their applications. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1390119.

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Keller, Roderich. "Primary ion sources for EBIS devices." In International symposium on electron beam ion sources and their applications. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38400.

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Foley, J. T., Kisik Kim, and Emil Wolf. "Field correlations within homogeneous, isotropic, primary steady-state sources." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.thh6.

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An explicit expression is derived for the cross- spectral density function of the field generated by homogeneous, isotropic, primary steady-state sources of a wide class. It is found that, in general, the degree of spectral coherence of the field is sinc-correlated, regardless of the nature of the source correlation. The only exceptions are fields generated by sources whose cross-spectral density at frequency ω does not contain spatial-frequency components of periods 2πc/ω (c = speed of light in vacuo). These exceptional cases are shown to be associated with nonradiating, stochastic source distributions. It is found that the field produced by such a source may be correlated over appreciably larger source regions.
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Nanetti, Andrea, John Pavlopoulos, and Erik Cambria. "Sentiment Analysis of Primary Historical Sources." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdmw60847.2023.00104.

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Wolf, Emil. "Invariance of spectrum of light on propagation from primary, quasi-homogeneous sources." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fr1.

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It was shown in a recent publication1 that, in general, the normalized spectrum of light changes on propagation through free space. For light generated by sources of a certain class, which includes the usual thermal sources, the normalized spectrum was, however, found to be invariant on propagation provided that the degree of coherence of the source satisfies a certain scaling law. In this paper the analysis is extended to light from quasi-homogeneous, primary, planar sources. An analogous scaling law is derived. It is also shown that with sources of this type, a single relation exists between the spectrum of the primary source distribution and the spectrum of the light in the source plane. The results are illustrated by black-body sources.
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Reports on the topic "Primary sources"

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Hershcovitch, A. HOLLOW HEAVY PRIMARY ION SOURCES FOR EBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151310.

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Cohen, Israel Dov, and Wondwosen Mengesha. Anomaly metrics to differentiate threat sources from benign sources in primary vehicle screening. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029822.

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Barnett, Janet, Guram Bezhanishvili, Hing Leung, et al. Primary Historical Sources in the Classroom: Discrete Mathematics and Computer Science. The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci003984.

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Tanaka, Kurtis, Daniel Abosso, Krystal Appiah, et al. Teaching with Primary Sources: Looking at the Support Needs of Instructors. Ithaka S+R, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18665/sr.314912.

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Weinberger, Eliot. Anonymous Sources: A Talk on Translators and Translation. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007942.

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Withers, Clare, Diana Dill, Jeanann Haas, Kathy Haines, and Berenika Webster. Library Impact Research Report: A Toolkit for Demonstrating and Measuring Impact of Primary Sources in Teaching and Learning. Association of Research Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.pitt2022b.

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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, a team from the University of Pittsburgh Library System addressed how special collections support teaching, learning, and research. This project developed a toolkit that allows measurement of impact of engagement with primary sources. The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) initially worked with University of California, Irvine (UCI) to develop student learning outcomes based on the ACRL/RBMS–SAA Guidelines for Primary Source Literacy and used a logic model framework to identify three types of outcomes: initial (attainment of new skills and knowledge), intermediate (behavioral change), and long-term (change in status). Pitt studied two successive cohorts of their Archival Scholars Research Awards (ASRA), a semester-long undergraduate scholarship program that matches each student with a University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) librarian/archivist and a Pitt faculty mentor to engage in an in-depth research project. Next, Pitt refined, expanded, and tested the toolkit for use in class visits to assess student learning and archivist/librarian performance in supporting instructor learning goals. The mapping and assessment toolkit Pitt developed may be applied to teaching with primary sources across different disciplines and institutional settings.
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Perkey, David W., Anthony M. Priestas, Jeffrey M. Corbino, et al. Sediment Provenance Studies of the Calcasieu Ship Channel, Louisiana : A Synopsis Report. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44905.

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To maintain the navigability of the Calcasieu Ship Channel (CSC), the US Army Corps of Engineers annually dredges millions of cubic yards of sediment from the inland channel. To assess sources of channel shoaling, a previous study examined river and bankline erosion as inputs. Results from that study accounted for approximately 20% of dredged volumes. Through the support of the Regional Sediment Management Program, a follow-up investigation reviewed prior sediment budgets, identified potential missing sediment sources, modeled potential sediment pathways, and utilized geochemical fingerprinting to discern primary shoaling sources to the channel. The missing sediment sources from the original budget include coastally derived sediment from the Gulf of Mexico and terrestrially derived sediment from Lake Calcasieu and surrounding wetlands. Results from geochemical fingerprinting of various potential sediment sources indicate the Calcasieu River and the Gulf of Mexico are primary contributors of sediment to the CSC, and sediments sourced from bankline erosion, Lake Calcasieu bed, and interior wetlands are secondary in nature. These results suggest that engineering solutions to control shoaling in the CSC should be focused on sources originating from the Gulf of Mexico and river headwaters as opposed to Lake Calcasieu, channel banklines, and surrounding wetlands.
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8

Cohen, Deborah J., Annette M. Totten, Robert L. Phillips, Jr., et al. Measuring Primary Healthcare Spending. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb44.

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Background. Policy leaders and researchers have identified a range of primary care spending conceptualizations, developed frameworks and methods for measuring primary care spending, and documented the pros and cons of different approaches. However, these efforts have not been comprehensive, particularly as the number of estimates has grown. We continue this work by identifying the definitions, data sources, and approaches used to estimate primary care spending in the United States. Our objective was to identify where there is and is not consensus across methods, and how initial steps toward a standardized approach to estimating primary care spending might be achieved. We approached this comparison from a societal economic perspective. Methods. Searches were conducted in Ovid MEDLINE® and Cochrane CENTRAL databases (inception to May 2, 2023), and were supplemented by manual reviews of reference lists, Scopus searches of key articles, gray literature searches of State and organization websites, and responses to a Federal Register Notice, as well as recommendations from Key Informants. Websites of States and organizations that produced reports were reviewed in November 2023 to identify updates. Publicly available estimates and reports of methods were supplemented by discussions with experts who have supported States’ estimates. Findings. We identified 67 primary care spending estimates for 2010 to 2021: 42 of these were produced by 11 State Governments for their State, 2 were published by the Veterans Health Administration, and 23 were published by researchers or other organizations, which include foundations and policy organizations. Forty-four estimates reported on primary care spending for a single State, one estimate reported spending for the New England States, and 22 reported national spending. To date, 13 State Governments have developed and/or are implementing measurements of primary care spending. When State Governments measure primary care spending, they produce regular, often yearly, estimates. States have produced one to eight estimates, demonstrating some States have more experience with this task than others. Primary care spending estimates in our sample ranged from 3.1 to 10.3 percent. These estimates started with definitions of primary care, which are often labeled narrow or broad. Estimates may use these same labels to mean different things. Narrow definitions of primary care usually include fewer providers, locations, or service types, while broad definitions include more. State, regional, or national estimates are either reported as two estimates, one using a narrow and one using a broad definition of primary care, or as a single estimate labeled neither narrow nor broad. Variations in what providers, services, and locations are included in definitions of primary care are significant and likely contribute to variation in primary care spending estimates. However, it is difficult to distinguish differences in definitions and measurement from differences in actual primary care spending. Conclusions. While there are some core similarities in how primary care spending is measured across State, regional, and national estimates, there are more differences. While there may be rationale behind some of these variations, this variation limits comparisons and what could be understood about the impact of policies. Furthermore, lack of clear, detailed reporting of methods can obscure precisely how and why estimates differ. Research is needed that quantifies the impact different decisions and measurement methods have on spending estimates. To assure the validity and reliability of estimates of primary care spending, and facilitate comparisons and links to health outcomes, Federal, State, and policy leaders need to: (1) collaborate to create a primary care clinician database that can function as a public utility for States to allow for more precise identification of primary care clinics and clinicians, and reduce reliance on Current Procedural Terminology/Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes; (2) develop a template for transparent reporting of methods used to estimate primary care spending; (3) foster collaboration among Federal agencies and State leaders to develop a consensus definition of primary care and process for estimating primary care spending, with consideration of methods that are easy to understand and transparent; and (4) support the development and ongoing maintenance of State All-Payer Claims Databases, expand to include nonclaims payments, and supply Medicare and Medicaid estimates for every State.
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Sander, T., I. Billas, M. Kelly, D. J. Maughan, and D. R. Shipley. Changes to the NPL reference air kerma rate primary standard TH100C for high dose rate 192Ir brachytherapy sources. National Physical Laboratory, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47120/npl.ir67.

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10

Fedasiuk, Ryan. The China Scholarship Council: An Overview. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200042.

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The Chinese government seeks to exert influence through its scholarship and exchange programs. This issue brief assembles a picture of the China Scholarship Council—the primary vehicle by which the state provides scholarships—through Chinese-language sources.
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