Relevant bibliographies by topics / Primary transducers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Primary transducers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Primary transducers"

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Ahern, Brian J., Jonathan D. Monti, Jason F. Naylor, Aaron J. Cronin, and Michael D. Perreault. "U.S. Army Combat Medic eFAST Performance with a Novel Versus Conventional Transducers: A Randomized, Crossover Trial." Military Medicine 185, Supplement_1 (2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz277.

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ABSTRACT Background Point-of-injury extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (eFAST) may identify life-threatening torso hemorrhage and expedite casualty evacuation. The purpose of this study was to compare combat medic eFAST performance between the novel and conventional ultrasound (US) transducers. Methods We conducted a randomized crossover trial. Medic participants, previously naïve to US, were randomized to the type of transducer first utilized. The primary outcome was eFAST completion time in seconds. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, technical adequacy, and t
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Dhahi, Alamin Y., Salwan Y. Bede, and Haig Khachadourian. "Reliability of the multipeg™ transducer in meas-uring dental implant stability by using a reso-nance frequency analysis device (Osstell®): An observational clinical study." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 35, no. 3 (2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v35i3.3455.

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Background: Measuring implant stability is an important issue in predicting treatment success. Dental implant stability is usually measured through resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Osstell® RFA devices can be used with transducers (Smartpeg™) that correspond to the implants used as well as with transducers designed for application with Penguin® RFA devices (Multipeg™). Aims: This study aims to assess the reliability of a MultiPeg™ transducer with an Osstell® device in measuring dental implant stability. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy participants who required dental implant treatmen
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Aslam, Mohammed, Praveen Nagarajan, and Mini Remanan. "A Comparative Study of Wave Excitation in Plates Using Piezoelectric Transducers Operating at Different Modes." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.128.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage detection techniques have recently gained attention in various fields of engineering for preventing catastrophic failures. Among different SHM techniques, Lamb wave propagation methods are widely used as these waves can propagate large distance from a single source. Piezoelectric (PZT) transducers are used here as actuators and sensors to generate and receive wave signals. Most of the studies conducted on wave propagation in plates are by use of conventional d31 mode piezoelectric transducer. However, so far very few studies have been done using ot
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Isaev, Alexander Е., Alexander M. Polikarpov, Stanislav V. Sil’vestrov, and Nikolai G. Shcherblyuk. "The standard facility for the transmission the unit of sound pressure at ultrasonic frequencies." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 6 (2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-6-61-65.

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Information is provided on a standard facility for calibrating hydrophones at frequencies from 100 kHz to 3 MHz, which created to expand the frequency range of the State primary standard GET 55-2017 to the area of high-frequency ultrasound. The actuality of the standard facility creation is justified. The possibilities of measurements and operation principles of the facility are briefly reviewed. The requirements to the characteristics of ultrasonic transducers are discussed. When selecting standard transducers, priority was given to their temporal stability, since the unevenness of the transd
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Zheleznyak, V. K., V. B. Tolubko, L. P. Kriuchkova, and A. P. Provozin. "Rationale for the parameters of the measuring transducer in RFID technology with inductive coupling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 1 (2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-1-98-109.

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In the work the technology of radio-frequency identification of objects with inductive coupling is considered, using passive electric oscillating circuits tuned to fixed frequencies from the working frequency range as identification features of the object. The choice of the primary measuring transducer and the informative parameter is based on the results of the analysis of the system of inductively coupled active and passive electric oscillation circuits, known from the theory of radio engineering circuits. The parameters of the measuring transducer ensuring the fulfillment of the requirement
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Tsypin, B. V., S. A. Zdobnov, and K. E. Utkin. "CORRECTION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSITIVE ELEMENTS PRESSURESENSORS." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 4 (2022): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-4-148-154.

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Methods for correcting the nonlinearity and temperature dependence of the conversion function of primary measuring transducers are given. On the example of pressure sensors, the advantages and disadvantages of correcting in the elements of the primary transducer, adjusting only in individual links, and correcting introduced into subsequent elements of the measuring circuit are considered. Options for introducing automatic correction are shown. A classification of methods for correcting the nonlinearity of the transformation function and methods for correcting the temperature error is given. Ke
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Shpak, Oleksandr, and Dariia Duviriak. "STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVE RADII OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 85 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2024.03.010.

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The study on the effective radii of ultrasonic transducers for hydrophone calibration at the National State Primary Standard of the Unit of Ultrasonic Pressure in Water (NDETU AUV-02-2018) is presented and the appropriate method is described. The impact of the effective radius on measurement distance and diffraction loss coefficients is evaluated. The uncertainty calculation of the effective radius measurement of ultrasonic transducers is provided, and its influence on the accuracy of hydrophone calibration is assessed. Considerable attention is given to estimating the measurement distance bet
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Yang, Xu, Kai Chen, Yaohui Wang, Dehong Yang, and Yongping Huang. "The Sex Determination Cascade in the Silkworm." Genes 12, no. 2 (2021): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020315.

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In insects, sex determination pathways involve three levels of master regulators: primary signals, which determine the sex; executors, which control sex-specific differentiation of tissues and organs; and transducers, which link the primary signals to the executors. The primary signals differ widely among insect species. In Diptera alone, several unrelated primary sex determiners have been identified. However, the doublesex (dsx) gene is highly conserved as the executor component across multiple insect orders. The transducer level shows an intermediate level of conservation. In many, but not a
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Pchel'nikov, Yu N., V. V. Annenkov, A. A. Elizarov, and A. V. Fadeev. "Primary measuring transducers based on retardation systems." Measurement Techniques 37, no. 5 (1994): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00980435.

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Karayannis, Chris G., Emmanouil Golias, Maria C. Naoum, and Constantin E. Chalioris. "Efficacy and Damage Diagnosis of Reinforced Concrete Columns and Joints Strengthened with FRP Ropes Using Piezoelectric Transducers." Sensors 22, no. 21 (2022): 8294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218294.

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Recent research has indicated that the implantation of a network of piezoelectric transducer patches in element regions of potential damage development, such as the beam–column joint (BCJ) area, substantially increases the efficacy and accuracy of the structural health monitoring (SHM) methods to identify damage level, providing a reliable diagnosis. The use of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers for the examination of the efficiency of an innovative strengthening technique of reinforced concrete (RC) columns and BCJs is presented and commented on. Two real-scale RC BCJ sub
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primary transducers"

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Vogl, Gregory William. "Nonlinear Dynamics of Circular Plates under Electrical Loadings for Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30095.

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We created an analytical reduced-order model (macromodel) for an electrically actuated circular plate with an in-plane residual stress for applications in capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). After establishing the equations governing the plate, we discretized the system by using a Galerkin approach. The distributed-parameter equations were then reduced to a finite system of ordinary-differential equations in time. We solved these equations for the equilibrium states due to a general electric potential and determined the natural frequencies of the axisymmetric modes for th
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Hammad, Bashar Khalil. "Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Micromechanical Filters Coupled with Capacitive Transducers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27744.

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The first objective of this Dissertation is to present a methodology to calculate analytically the mode shapes and corresponding natural frequencies and determine critical buckling loads of mechanically coupled microbeam resonators with a focus on micromechanical filters. The second objective is to adopt a nonlinear approach to build a reduced-order model and obtain closed-form expressions for the response of the filter to a primary resonance. The third objective is to investigate the feasibility of employing subharmonic excitation to build bandpass filters consisting of either two sets of two
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Сіра, А. Ю. "Система керування технологічною установкою випарювання виробництва цукру". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81300.

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Робота присвячена розробці інтегрованої системи керування випарною станцією цукрового заводу, яка задовольняє вимоги до якості регулювання і контролю. Використані прилади автоматики українських і зарубіжних виробників, контролера фірми «Siemens»; розглянутий технологічний алгоритм автоматичного контролю і регулювання процесу випарювання. Висуваються технічні пропозиції, пов'язані з комплексною автоматизацією випарної станції бурякоцукрового заводу. Виконано синтез та аналіз оптимальної одноконтурної САУ при використанні ПІД - закону регулювання. Синтезовано регулятор, який забезпечує перев
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Pirkuliyeva, Sona Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wienands, and Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Walter. "Structural and functional elucidation of the primary transducer module of the B cell antigen receptor / Sona Pirkuliyeva. Gutachter: Jürgen Wienands ; Lutz Walter. Betreuer: Jürgen Wienands." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074758498/34.

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Hosseininejad, Justin. "Design and Implementation of a Custom Force Pole Assembly for the Measurement of Primate Locomotor Kinetics." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1377357570.

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Pirkuliyeva, Sona. "Structural and functional elucidation of the primary transducer module of the B cell antigen receptor." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-6062-7.

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"The Primary Structures of Halobacterial Rhodopsins and Light-Sensing Transducer Proteins: An Implication to the Evolution of Bacterial Rhodopsins." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11211.

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北島, 智美, and Tomomi Kitajima. "The Primary Structures of Halobacterial Rhodopsins and Light-Sensing Transducer Proteins: An Implication to the Evolution of Bacterial Rhodopsins." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11211.

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(8086364), Remah Ali. "The Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) and 3 (STAT3) in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer." 2019.

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<p>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second most lethal cancer in women. Metastasis in breast cancer is invariably responsible for patient death and is comprised of many steps, of which proliferation in vital organs is responsible for morbidity and mortality due to vital organ failure. Patients with the metastatic disease are limited to chemotherapy, which non-specifically targets proliferating cells. Despite it being initially effective, chemotherapy is associated with high toxicity and many patients develop resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need to characte
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Book chapters on the topic "Primary transducers"

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Kalinchyk, Vasyl, Vitalii Kalinchyk, Oleksandr Meyta, Lyudmyla Guryeyeva, Olena Borychenko, and Vitalii Pobihailo. "Theoretical and Technical Aspects of Configuration of Primary Measuring Transducers of Power Consumption Modes." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76650-3_16.

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Tomashevskyi, Roman, and Dmitry Vasilchuk. "Primary Measuring Transducer of a Diagnostic Spirometer Based on a Venturi Flowmeter." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42782-4_11.

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Malik, Saafan Z., Margaret A. Maronski, Marc A. Dichter, and Deborah J. Watson. "The Use of Specific AAV Serotypes to Stably Transduce Primary CNS Neuron Cultures." In Neurotrophic Factors. Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-536-7_26.

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Perederko, Anatoly. "Correction of the Temperature Component of Error of Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor." In Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1415-3.ch011.

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In the aviation and aerospace industries, systems of artificial intelligence are being intensively implemented. For their effective functioning, it is necessary to provide reliable primary information. Information is collected by primary converters. In various systems of aviation technology, piezoelectric accelerometers are widely used as primary transducers. In particular, they are part of inertial navigation systems. These systems do not need external sources of information and are not affected by external interference. Therefore, they are widely used in aircraft for various purposes. These
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Maconie, Robin. "Instruments." In The Science of Music. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198166481.003.0014.

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Abstract ALL musical instruments are transducers. A transducer is a device that converts one kind of energy, the physical input of a performer, into another form of energy, which is radiated chiefly as sound. In a musical context what is normally of primary interest to a listener is the quality and beauty of instrumental tone, in itself and in rela tion to the music composed for it; appreciation of performing artistry follows close after that. A listener can give due considera tion to an expert performance given artistic terms of reference, and these are embodied in the structure and technique
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Manoj, Sumitha. "POWER GENERATION THROUGH HUMAN LOCOMOTION USING PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS." In Futuristic Trends in Network & Communication Technologies Volume 3 Book 3. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3binc3p6ch3.

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The primary focus of this essay is on how humans can generate electricity from their movements when they walk and the pressure they apply on the ground. The term "Footstep power generation system" refers to the process by which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy utilizing transducers and the pressure applied by a footstep. By converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, the power generating floor essentially creates power. The major goal is to end the global power crisis, even though it won't be adequate to meet the excessive demand for electricity. However, it will be
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Holland, Owen, and David McFarland. "Sensory processes and orientation." In Artificial Ethology. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198510574.003.0003.

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Abstract Before Muller’s (1827) doctrine of specific nerve energies it was thought that each specific environmental event, or stimulus, affected sensory nerves in a manner specific to the type of stimulus. Muller discovered that a given nerve pathway always produces the same type of sensation regardless of its mode of stimulation. Thus light falling upon the eye produces a visual sensation, but so does mechanical stimulation, such as a blow to the eye. If our ear could be attached to the optic nerve, auditory stimulation would then give rise to visual sensation. The sense organ acts as an ener
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Marinaki, Anthony M., Lynette D. Fairbanks, and Richard W. E. Watts. "Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Timothy M. Cox. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0230.

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Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism are due to abnormalities in the biosynthesis, interconversion, and degradation of the purines—adenine and guanine—and of the pyrimidines—cytosine, thymine, and uracil. The purine nucleotides, their cyclic derivatives (cAMP and cGMP), and their more highly phosphorylated derivatives have functions in many aspects of intermediary metabolism. Purine compounds also function as signal transducers, neurotransmitters, vasodilators, and mediators of platelet aggregation. Disorders of purine metabolism—the end point of purine metabolism in humans is uric ac
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Fletcher, Neville H. "The Inner Ear." In Acoustic Systems In Biology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069402.003.0012.

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Abstract Synopsis. The basic mechanical problem of the transduction organ is the achievement of frequency selectivity, so that some sort of spectral analysis of the acoustic signal can be made. At low frequencies, the firing of transducer cells is statistically synchronized with the exciting signal, so that the frequency analysis can be made at a higher neural level. At high frequencies there is no synchronization and neural impulses are correlated simply with signal intensity. If the individual transducer cells have mechanical resonant properties of their own, then they can form a series of s
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Abubakar Sadiq, Mohammed. "Glucose Sensing Technology." In Current Developments in Biosensor Applications and Smart Strategies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008549.

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The overwhelming number of diabetic patients globally and the devastating effects of the condition are largely due to its genetic predisposition, which is linked to certain factors that disrupt the patient’s immune system and general body homeostasis. It is therefore, very essential to develop an easier way to detect, manage and monitor blood glucose levels for diabetic patients, using non-invasive biosensors. Human body fluids, such as sweat, saliva and tears contain traces of glucose and are easily accessible. A portable and simple-to-use biosensor named “Biosad GlucoTech sensing Device” was
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Conference papers on the topic "Primary transducers"

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Anderson, William B., Richard F. Salant, and Jacek Jarzynski. "Detection of Lubricating Film Breakdown in Mechanical Seals." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1267.

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Abstract Mechanical seals generally fail as the result of the collapse of the lubricating film between the two seal faces. A system to detect the collapse of the film before mechanical and thermal damage is sustained is being developed. The approach involves placing piezoelectric transducers behind the seal faces. One of the transducers is used as a receiver, while the other is used as a source. A continuous series of ultrasonic wave packets of a specified primary frequency and amplitude are generated by the source, using a wave generator. When the lubricating film collapses, mechanical contac
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Onuoha, C., S. McDonnell, E. Pozniak, V. Shankar, and L. de Guzman. "Advancements in Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment Using an Integrated Approach." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11194.

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Abstract Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SCCDA), specified in NACE SP0204-2008, was developed to improve pipeline safety and reduce the threat of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on onshore petroleum pipeline systems. The SCCDA program can be utilized as a primary technique for difficult to pig pipelines and as a supplement technique for inline inspection (ILI) for piggable pipelines. SCCDA is a continuous improvement process that identifies and addresses locations where SCC has occurred, is occurring, or might occur. SCCDA, ILI, and Hydrostatic Testing (HT) are primary inspection
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Mende, Michael. "Primary Sinusoidal Calibration of Pressure Transducers." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2018.28.

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Pressure transducers are frequently used in dynamic environments such as combustion engines, aerospace applications or industrial process control. Like for every measurement task it is essential to know the uncertainty of the obtained measurement result, even in a dynamic environment. Therefore it is remarkable that there is no traceable standardized method to quantify the frequency response of a pressure transducer. Due to this lack of investigation methods the authors have made an effort to develop a primary method to calibrate pressure transducers dynamically. This method allows to measure
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Funakoshi, K., Y. Akiyama, T. Hoshino, and K. Morishima. "Size fractionation of primary muscle cells using hydrodynamics in microchannels." In TRANSDUCERS 2011 - 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2011.5969415.

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Konoplev, B., E. Ryndin, I. Lysenko, M. Denisenko, and A. Isaeva. "Highly sensitive devices for primary signal processing of the micromechanical capacitive transducers." In The International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics 2016, edited by Vladimir F. Lukichev and Konstantin V. Rudenko. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2266562.

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Xi, Ze, Xiangang Wang, Xiaowei Luo, Junjie Zhou, and Lei Song. "Preliminary Study on Endoscopic Ultrasound System for In-Service Inspection of Helical Tube Once-Through Steam Generator." In 2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone31-131874.

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Abstract The Helical-tube Once-through Steam Generator (H-OTSG) is a crucial component of the gas-cooled reactor, with the helical heat exchanger tube in the H-OTSG forming an integral part of the reactor’s primary pressure boundary. The volumetric in-service inspection of this helical heat exchanger tube presents a significant challenge due to constraints of accessibility, material, and weld inspection. To address this problem, an Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) inspection system is proposed. The structure and working mode of the EUS inspection system are described in detail. Then, the key sensor
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Akle, Barbar J., Mathew D. Bennett, and Donald J. Leo. "High-Strain Ionomeric-Ionic Liquid Composites via Electrode Tailoring." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61246.

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Ionomeric polymers are a class of electromechanical transducer consisting of an ionomeric substrate with metal-plated electrodes. Application of a low voltage (&amp;lt; 5 V) across the thickness of the membrane produces controllable strain. The advantage of ionomeric polymers compared to other types of electromechanical transducers (e.g. piezoelectric polymers) is low-voltage operation, high strain capability, and high sensitivity in charge mode. Two of the primary limitations of ionomeric polymers for electromechanical transducers are unstable operation in air and solvent breakdown at low vol
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Platte, Thomas. "Development of a Primary Dynamic Calibration Method for Pressure Sensors." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201927006.

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An increasing research activity in the field of dynamic calibration of pressure transducers can be recognized at some national metrology institutes. As an example the EMPIR project “development of measurement and calibration techniques for dynamic pressures and temperatures” can be named. Despite that efforts, no national reference standard for dynamic pressure calibration is available up to now. This makes the measurement of high fluctuating pressure signals difficult and unprecise. These dynamic pressure signals appears in aerospace applications, blast test and almost every fluidic circuit w
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Mikovity, Zoltán, Péter Odry, and Zoltán Vizvári. "Electrostatic transducers in acoustically polluted environments." In Entrepreneurship, engineering and management: Climate change as an engineering challenge, Zrenjanin, 26.04.2025. Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija, Zrenjanin, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/pim25279m.

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This paper presents a novel approach to refining the parameters of electro-acoustical transducers aimed at achieving the highest quality, most precise sound reproduction, with a primary focus on headphones. It outlines the motivations, objectives, and outcomes of research dedicated to creating a new type of electrostatic headphone system, usable in highly noise polluted environments for personal noise protection. Achieving accurate design for electro-acoustic transducers it is crucial to control the frequency, phase, and polar responses of the speaker or headphone systems. Most audio devices o
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Karimova, Dilbar, and Mirkhusan Sagatov. "CORRECTION OF DYNAMIC ERRORS OF MEASURING TRANSDUCERS USING DIGITAL FILTERS." In Status and development trends of standardization and technical regulation in the world. Tashkent state technical university, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-conf.22.1-77-0093.

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Structural and algorithmic bases of construction of computing adjusting devices for indemnification in real time a dynamic error of primary measuring converters of monitoring systems, supervision and management are stated.
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Reports on the topic "Primary transducers"

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Hall, Zanker, and Kelner. PR-343-06605-R02 USM Recalibration Frequency. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010155.

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This program is intended to improve the understanding of the stability over time of gas multi-path ultrasonic flow meters (USMs). Within the Natural Gas Industry, there are currently on universal standards requiring periodic recalibration of USMs. Removing these flow meters from serviced for recalibration is costly and inconvenient. However, the primary reason that a recalibration standard does not exist is the lack of definitive data regarding the long-term stability of installed USMs. In order to address this situation, collection and analysis of data was performed to help formulate a recali
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Ginzel. L51748 Detection of Stress Corrosion Induced Toe Cracks-Advancement of the Developed Technique. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010659.

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In the past few years an ongoing problem has existed with stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in pipelines around the world. Several member companies of the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. have experienced multiple incidents as a result of ERW defects and SCC. TCPL is running a series of hydrostatic tests and trial digs to identify the most severely affected areas. These excavations and failure studies have ascertained that most of the SCC causing failure has been on the outside diameter of long seam welded pipe at the edge of the weld. Defects at that location are known as "Toe-Crac
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Lank and Mudge. L51785 Development of Long Range Ultrasonic Methods of Assessing Pipeline Condition. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010654.

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The purpose of this phase of the work was to establish the performance of the technique with regard to defect detection, so that its application as a field inspection tool could be assessed. To this end, trials were conducted at the GRI West Jefferson Pipeline Simulation Facility near Columbus, Ohio, on a 24in. diameter specimen, situated in the pull rig, containing 128 controlled, well documented metal loss defects, used primarily to assess resolution of internal inspection tools. : An extensive study was carried out on this specimen, which enabled firm conclusions to be drawn about the defec
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4

Ting, Wang, and Jeff Sutherland. PR-469-143708-R02 In-line Inspection and Assessment for Pipeline Girth Weld Defects. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011487.

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During 2010 to 2012, the United States reported a total of eight girth weld failures and economic loss amounted to $4,382,000 [Summarized from data provided by PHMSA, http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/library/data-stats/flagged-data-files]. PRCI has several projects (current and historic) that investigate various integrity concerns of vintage girth weld defects. Globally, the integrity of girth welds of oil and gas pipelines has increased as a concern due to failures with high consequences. A primary integrity issue to pipelines that has been the motivation of this project, considers defects o
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