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1
Romano, de Paula Valéria. "Social networks as a trade-off between optimal information transmission and reduced disease transmission." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ056/document.
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La structure sociale d'un groupe peut théoriquement réguler la transmission des informations et le risques de maladies via les contacts sociaux et la proximité. En théorie, les mêmes propriétés de réseau qui favorisent la transmission d'information favorisent également la transmission de pathogènes, créant de fait un potentiel compromis entre eux. Dans ma thèse, j'ai utilisé des données empiriques, des analyses de réseaux et modèle de simulation individuel afin de comprendre l'influence des structures sociales sur la transmission sociale chez les primates et dans des réseaux théoriques. Mes études ont montré que i) les macaques japonais centraux dans Je groupe transmettent les pathogènes plus rapidement mais sont également plus susceptibles d' être infectés; ii) le nombre d'individus infectés dans 40 groupes de primates est dépendant des propriétés globales du réseau et de l'étape de l'infection: iii) un pic d'efficacité de réseau à des valeurs intermédiaires de sous structure de groupe dans des réseaux empiriques et théoriques ; et iv) des variations dans les propriétés de réseaux sont la conséquence de décisions individuelles en fonction de compromise entre la collecte d'information et l'évitement de l'infection. Ainsi, ma thèse a démontré les mécanismes de transmission social et indiqué que les propriétés de réseau pourrait réflecter un compromise entre transmission de l'information et transmission de pathogèneSocial structure can theoretically regulate information transmission and disease risk via social contact or proximity. In theory, the same network properties that favor information transmission also favor pathogen transmission creating a potential trade-off between them. In my thesis, I used empirical data, network analysis and individual-based modelling to understand the influence of social structure on social transmission in primate and theoretical networks. My studies show that i) central Japanese macaques transmit disease faster but are also more prone to acquiring infectious agents; ii) the number of infected individuals in 40 wild primate groups is dependent on global network properties and epidemic time; iii) network efficiency peaks with intermediate values of group substructure in theoretical and empirical networks; and, iv) variation in the network properties is a consequence of individual decisions given the trade-offs between collecting information and avoiding infection. Altogether, my thesis reveals the mechanisms of social transmission and indicates that network properties might reflect a trade-off between information and pathogen transmission
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Wu, Jinfang. "Alzheimer's disease (AD) like pathology following developmental lead exposure in primates and the role of aging in AD-related genes regulation in rodents and primates /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314462.
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Han, Pengcheng, Megan Nielsen, Melissa Song, Junxiang Yin, Michele R. Permenter, Julie A. Vogt, James R. Engle, et al. "The Impact of Aging on Brain Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide, Pathology and Cognition in Mice and Rhesus Macaques." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624682.
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its age-related effects are unknown. We chose the rhesus macaque due to its closeness to human anatomy and physiology. We examined four variables: aging, cognitive performance, amyloid plaques and PACAP. Delayed nonmatching-to-sample recognition memory scores declined with age and correlated with PACAP levels in the striatum, parietal and temporal lobes. Because amyloid plaques were the only AD pathology in the old rhesus macaque, we further studied human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice. Aging was associated with decreased performance in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). In wild type (WT) C57BL/ 6 mice, the performance was decreased at age 24-26 month whereas in hAPP transgenic mice, it was decreased as early as 9-12 month. Neuritic plaques in adult hAPP mice clustered in hippocampus and adjacent cortical regions, but did not propagate further into the frontal cortex. Cerebral PACAP protein levels were reduced in hAPP mice compared to age-matched WT mice, but the genetic predisposition dominated cognitive decline. Taken together, these data suggest an association among PACAP levels, aging, cognitive function and amyloid load in nonhuman primates, with both similarities and differences from human AD brains. Our results suggest caution in choosing animal models and in extrapolating data to human AD studies.
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Day, Brian Keith. "MICROELECTRODE ARRAY STUDIES OF NORMAL AND DISEASE-ALTERED L-GLUTAMATE REGULATION IN THE MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/235.
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L-glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Monitoring extracellular Glu is critical to understanding Glu regulation to discriminate physiological and pathological roles. To overcome the limitations of previous in vivo extracellular Glu studies, we developed Glu selective microelectrode arrays with better spatial and temporal resolutions than commonly used techniques like microdialysis. We used these microelectrode arrays to characterize basal and potassium-evoked Glu neurotransmission in the normal rat brain. We then investigated disease-related Glu alterations in a rat model of Parkinson's disease and normal Glu regulation in young and aged rhesus monkeys. In the normal anesthetized rat striatum and frontal cortex, basal Glu was regulated by active release and uptake mechanisms, fully TTX-dependent, and measured at ~2 micromolar levels. Potassium-evoked Glu kinetics were fast, concentration-dependent, and rapidly reproducible at 15-20 seconds intervals. In the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat, there were significant bilateral increases in potassium-evoked Glu release in the striatum and frontal cortex compared to hemisphere-matched non-lesioned rats. Ipsilateral striatal effects may have been related to DA loss, while contralateral striatal effects and the bilateral frontal corticaleffects may have resulted from parkinsonian neurotransmitter changes or bilateral neuranatomical connectivity, especially in the cortex. There were also alterations in Glu kinetics in the nucleus accumbens in both non-lesioned and lesioned rats. With appropriate technological and methodological modifications, we successfully recorded normal Glu signaling in anesthetized nonhuman primates in the operating room. Fast potassium-evoked Glu signals were recorded in the motor cortex of all monkeys, and Glu ejections showed robust Glu uptake in the motor and frontal cortices of all monkeys. These findings are comparable to initial rat studies. Slow evoked Glu kinetics and high basal Glu levels with oscillatory behavior were recorded in the frontal cortex. The primary age-related differences between monkeys were the nearly ten-fold increases in the volumes of Glu ejected needed in the aged monkey to achieve amplitude-matched signals in the motor and frontal cortices and a decreased uptake rate in the motor cortex. Preliminary work with excised human tissue and future plans for patient-oriented research and clinical applications are discussed.
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Li, Pui-lin Jennifer. "Aspects of bacteriology/virology of shellfish in relation to public health /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734261.
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Pardanani, Neeta N. "Ecological determinants of lyme disease in an endemic community /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3160034.
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Salgueiro, Sancha P. "Molecular studies on pea enation mosaic virus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317586.
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Chu, Ka-wing, and 朱嘉永. "Diversity and evolution of coronaviruses and astroviruses in bat, wildbirds and rodents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849733.
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Bats and birds are known to be the reservoirs of a number of zoonotic diseases. The
capacity of flight and the diversity of these animals may make them special in maintaining
and disseminating diverse viruses leading to instances of emerging zoonoses. In particular
bats are increasingly recognized to be reservoirs of a wide range of viruses, including Nipah,
Ebola and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. In most instances these
viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in bats.
In this thesis I report the identification of novel astroviruses from different
insectivorous species of apparently healthy bats sampled in Hong Kong and in 11 provinces
of Mainland China with high positive rates. Astroviruses are important causes of diarrhea in
many animal species, including humans. This study revealed a remarkably high genetic
diversity of bat astroviruses, which form novel distinct phylogenetic groups in the genus
Mamastrovirus. Evidence for varying degrees of host restriction for bats astroviruses has
been found. The finding of diverse astroviruses in Miniopterus bats captured within a single
cave habitat in Hong Kong illustrates a very unusual virus host relationship between
astroviruses and these bats.
Surveillance of astroviruses in rodents, the only mammal with species numbers
surpassing that of bats, has revealed a novel astrovirus in only 1.6 % of the faecal samples of
urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Hong Kong in marked contrast with the prevalence
and diversity of astroviruses in bats. Rat astrovirus was phylogenetically related to human
astroviruses MLB1 which was detected from clinical samples from diarrhoeal patients in
Hong Kong in this study. The unusually high positive rates of astroviruses in bats have been
again highlighted.
Avastroviruses were detected in 7.1% of the aquatic wild bird samples. Avastrovirus
have also been detected in doves in Hong Kong, pond herons and a less whistling duck in
Cambodia. A phylogenetic analysis of these novel astroviruses together with other previously
known astroviruses revealed that avastrovirus can be divided into 3 monophyletic groups. On
the other hand, avian coronaviruses was detected in 12.5% of the aquatic wild bird samples.
Phylogenetic analysis of these avian coronaviruses has led us to suggest taxonomic separation
of these viruses into two groups as gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses. Frequent
interspecies transmissions of gammacoronaviruses between duck species were demonstrated.
Analysis of the avian viral sequences and host mitochondrial DNA sequences suggested that
some coronaviruses may have coevolved with birds from the same order.
With the discoveries of coronaviruses and astroviruses in mammalian and birds, we
now have a better understanding on the diversity and ecology of these two virus families in
wildlife. These findings provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of these viruses
in nature and have revealed possible inter-species transmissions of these viruses. The role of
bats as a reservoir of viruses with potential to pose zoonotic threats to human health was also
reinforced. Studies of the virus ecology in wildlife as demonstrated in this thesis will help
formulating better strategies for controlling emerging diseases in the future.published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Edler, Melissa K. "Alzheimer's disease pathology in aged chimpanzees." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461401487.
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Dark, Michael James. "Comparative genomics of Anaplasma marginale : a preliminary examination of factors involved in tick transmission." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/m_dark_110708.pdf.
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Chu, Ka-wing. "Novel coronaviruses in bats of the genus Miniopterus." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38523450.
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Fenoff, Roy S. "A survey of Wyoming mosquitoes for vectors of dog heartworm." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317326331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nurton, Jane Patricia. "An investigation of Borrelia burgdorferi in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005408.
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Four commonly occurring genera of ticks in South Africa were tested for their capacity to acquire and transmit Borrelia burgdoiferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Attempts were made to infect rabbits with a culture of B. burgdoiferi, and tick transmission experiments were carried out using the rabbits as the host of infection. Only one rabbit was successfully infected. Histological changes associated with a B. burgdoiferi infection were noted in this rabbit, but no spirochaetes were isolated. All other host animals failed to become infected with the B. burgdoiferi. As a consequence transmission experiments with the local ticks failed. Serological surveys conducted on rodents, horses and cattle using immunofluorescent and haemagglutination tests indicated that there is evidence that Borrelia species occur widely and that there is a possibility of B. burgdoiferi occurring in South Africa. Studies conducted on ticks from suspected endemic areas revealed the presence, in Ixodes bakeri only, of a spirochaete-like organism that reacted with monoclonal antibody H5332. Shortcomings of the study are highlighted and proposals are presented to address the problem of identifying specific B. burgdoiferi infections.
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Davis, Rex. "An economic analysis of the common cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in Queensland /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16443.pdf.
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Vatter, Heather. "Analysis of Simian Hemorragic Fever Virus Proteins and the Host Cell Responses of Disease Resistant and Susceptible Primates." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/128.
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African monkey species are natural hosts of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) and develop persistent, asymptomatic infections. SHFV was previously shown to also cause a rapid onset fatal hemorrhagic fever disease in macaques. Infection of macaques with a new isolate of SHFV from persistently infected baboon sera, that showed high nucleotide identity with the lab strain LVR, resulted in viremia, pro-inflammatory cytokine and tissue factor production, and symptoms of coagulation defects. Primary macrophages and myeloid dendritic cell cultures from disease-susceptible macaques efficiently replicated SHFV and produced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as tissue factor. Cells from disease resistant baboons produced low virus yields and the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. IL-10 treatment of macaque cells decreased IL-6 levels but had no effect on TNF-α levels, tissue factor or virus production suggesting that IL-10 plays a role in modulating immunopathology in disease-resistant baboons but not in regulating the efficiency of virus replication.
SHFV is a member of the family Arteriviridae. The SHFV genome encodes 8 minor structural proteins. Other arteriviruses encode 4 minor structural proteins. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the four additional SHFV minor structural proteins resulted from gene duplication. A full-length infectious clone of SHFV was constructed and produced virus with replication kinetics comparable to the parental virus. Mutant infectious clones, each with the start codon of one of the minor structural proteins substituted, were analyzed. All eight SHFV proteins were required for infectious virus production.
The SHFV nonstructural polyprotein is processed into the mature replicase proteins by several viral proteases including papain-like cysteine proteases (PLPs). Only one or two PLP domains are present in other arteriviruses but SHFV has three PLP domains. Analysis of in vitro proteolytic processing of C- and N-terminally tagged polyproteins indicated that the PLP in each of the three SHFV nsp1 proteins is active. However, the nsp1α protease is more similar to a cysteine protease than a PLP. Analysis of the subcellular localization of the three SHFV nsp1 proteins indicated they have divergent functions.
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Li, Sze-ming Kenneth. "Bat as the animal origin of SARS-CoV and reservoir of diverse coronaviruses." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182463.
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Damian, Maxwell Simon, Andreas Hertel, Peter Seibel, Heinz Reichmann, Georg Bachmann, Walter Schachenmayr, Gustav Hoer, and Wolfgang Dorndorf. "Follow-Up in Carriers of the ‘MELAS’ Mutation without Strokes." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133386.
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Eight carriers of the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA without stroke-like episodes were monitored for up to 7 years in clinical and metabolic studies, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). None developed mitochondrial encephalopathy (MELAS), but 2 developed diabetes mellitus, 1 terminal kidney failure and 2 cardiomyopathy. One patient improved markedly under ubiquinone. Electroencephalography showed progressive slowing in 2 cases, but electrophysiological tests and MRI were otherwise noncontributary. PET showed widespread cortical and basal ganglion metabolic deficits in 6 cases. We conclude that internal medical complications are more common than MELAS in adult carriers of the mutation. PET findings, firstly reported in such patients, suggest that chronic subclinical encephalopathy is very frequent, and PET may play a role in monitoring in the futureDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Battersby, Alexandra. "The physical and psychological health of x-linked carriers of chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2942.
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency in which there is a defect in one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase resulting in recurrent, severe infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. In the UK, 70% of cases are inherited in an X-linked (XL) manner, with the remainder being autosomal recessive (AR). Patients with CGD have an absent, or significantly reduced, neutrophil oxidative burst (NOB). XL-CGD carriers have a dual population of cells, those that function normally and produce an oxidative burst, and those that do not. XL-CGD carriers have been reported to have higher rates of discoid lupus, but there is little literature about other significant medical problems. Anecdotally, XL-CGD carriers suffer from more significant medical problems akin to that seen in CGD patients. Methods XL-CGD carriers were identified from the UK CGD Registry and through consultants caring for patients at the main centres in the UK; Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Ormond Street Hospital and the Royal Free Hospital, London. A control group of carriers of Muscular Dystrophy (MD) were recruited from the Great North Children’s Hospital. XL-CGD carriers completed questionnaires about their medical and psychological health. Blood samples were taken for neutrophil oxidative burst, autoantibody panel and cytokine measurement. MD carriers completed psychological health questionnaires. Questionnaires were compared with population data, where available, and published works about comparable groups. Psychological health questionnaires were compared to the recruited MD carrier control group. Results 81 XL-CGD carriers were recruited from 62 families, 2 were deceased. iii The mean NOB at enrolment was 47% with the majority of XL-CGD carriers falling in the range of 21-60%. Photosensitivity was reported in 74% of the recruited XL-CGD carriers and 40% reported a DLE-type malar rash. 26% of XL-CGD carriers met 4 or more of the ARA SLE criteria, whilst a further 30% met 3 or more criteria. 23% suffered recurrent or significant infection. 53% suffered from gastrointestinal symptoms and 59% suffered joint symptoms. Other autoimmune phenomena including Raynaud’s phenomenon were reported. 66% XL-CGD carriers suffered greater than normal levels of anxiety and 27% suffered depression. The XL-CGD carriers had significantly higher anxiety scores than parents of children with Cystic Fibrosis and had similar anxiety scores to published data about patients with SLE. 50% XL-CGD carriers suffered excessive fatigue. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in XL-CGD carriers compared to healthy controls. IL-8 levels were significantly higher in XL-CGD carriers reporting excessive fatigue than XL-CGD carriers who did not report significant fatigue. Quality of Life (QoL) Scores were reduced in all domains and significantly worse than UK population data. The XL-CGD carriers had poorer QoL than CGD patients in the social function, vitality and bodily pain domains. Conclusions This is the first study to have evaluated the health of XL-CGD carriers, and has demonstrated that XL-CGD carriers experience similar problems to CGD patients, with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity all demonstrated in this study. Excessive fatigue was reported in approximately half of the XL-CGD carriers and was associated with higher levels of IL-8. The aetiology for the symptoms seen in the XL-CGD carriers in this study is unclear. There was a lack of consistent correlation with degree of residual NOB function, with only recurrent skin abscesses, diarrhoea and abdominal pain being significantly associated with lower values. The raised IL-8 in the fatigued XL-CGD carriers supports the hypothesis of an inflammatory process but further work is required to investigate this. The lack of association with degree of iv residual NOB function means identifying XL-CGD carriers at risk of medical symptoms is not possible simply by assessing their NOB function. Psychological health has also been affected with the high rates of anxiety in the XL-CGD carrier population and significantly reduced QoL scores in comparison to UK population data. This has not been previously demonstrated. The psychological health problems are likely to be multifactorial in aetiology. This study has clearly demonstrated that XL-CGD carriers must now be considered as potential patients and should be pro-actively assessed and managed. It is not yet clear what the optimal medical management is, and this now needs to be investigated.
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Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noëlle Wilhelmina. "The evolution of cognitive, motor and behavioural characteristics in 'presymptomatic' carriers for huntington's disease : a prospective study /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40022359v.
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Wardrop, Elizabeth Ann. "Transmission of potato virus S by aphids." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63934.
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Guénette, Suzanne. "Characterization of Brugia pahangi b-tubulin genes and gene products." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70165.
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The $ beta$-tubulin gene family of the parasitic nematode, Brugia pahangi consists of three to five $ beta$-tubulin sequences. Two genomic clones containing $ beta$-tubulin sequences were isolated and characterized. The $ beta$1-tubulin gene spans 3.8 kb, is organized into 9 exons and expresses an mRNA of 1.7 kb which codes for a protein of 448 amino acids. A partial nucleotide sequence of the second clone confirmed the isolation of a distinct $ beta$-tubulin sequence, $ beta$2-tubulin. The $ beta$1-tubulin transcript is found in microfilariae and adult worms, whereas the $ beta$2-tubulin transcript is predominant in male adult worms but absent from microfilariae. Results of this study also indicate that the maturation of the $ beta$1-tubulin message involves the acquisition of the conserved nematode 22-nucleotide splice leader sequence. Antipeptide IgGs raised against the divergent carboxy-terminal region of $ beta$1-tubulin recognize the same $ beta$-tubulin isoform pattern as a phylum cross-reactive monoclonal antibody. This result suggests that the $ beta$1-tubulin is highly represented in B. pahangi adults and microfilariae.
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Damian, Maxwell Simon, Andreas Hertel, Peter Seibel, Heinz Reichmann, Georg Bachmann, Walter Schachenmayr, Gustav Hoer, and Wolfgang Dorndorf. "Follow-Up in Carriers of the ‘MELAS’ Mutation without Strokes." Karger, 1998. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26458.
Full textAbstract:
Eight carriers of the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA without stroke-like episodes were monitored for up to 7 years in clinical and metabolic studies, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). None developed mitochondrial encephalopathy (MELAS), but 2 developed diabetes mellitus, 1 terminal kidney failure and 2 cardiomyopathy. One patient improved markedly under ubiquinone. Electroencephalography showed progressive slowing in 2 cases, but electrophysiological tests and MRI were otherwise noncontributary. PET showed widespread cortical and basal ganglion metabolic deficits in 6 cases. We conclude that internal medical complications are more common than MELAS in adult carriers of the mutation. PET findings, firstly reported in such patients, suggest that chronic subclinical encephalopathy is very frequent, and PET may play a role in monitoring in the future.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Bloomstrand, Mollie Anne. "An analysis of learning and memory in two aged chimpanzees." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28573.
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Smith, Cassandra Lauren. "Comparative phylogenetic exploration of the human mitochondrial proteome : insights into disease and metabolism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284285.
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Mitochondria are a key organelle within human cells, with functions ranging from ATP synthesis to apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial function are associated with many diseases, as well as 'natural' processes like ageing. Mitochondria have a unique evolutionary origin, as the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between a bacterium and an archaeal cell. Therefore, the phylogenetic history of the mitochondrial proteome is also unique within the total human proteome. A new description of the genes encoding the human mitochondrial proteome - IMPI (Integrated Mitochondrial Protein Index) 2017 - provided an opportunity for exploration of mitochondrial proteome history and the application of this knowledge to the understanding of gene function, disease and ageing. To facilitate the exploration of the mitochondrial proteome, I created a manually curated dataset of 190,097 predicted orthologues of the 1,550 IMPI 2017 human genes across 359 species, using reciprocal best hit analysis as the basis for orthologue prediction. I used this to explore gene history and the potential for phylogenetic profiling to predict the function of uncharacterised genes. This inspired the use of phylogenetic profiling within two phyla of animals, to link presence and absence of metabolic genes to the function of mitochondrial transporters. Potential transport substrates were predicted for two groups of uncharacterised mitochondrial carriers. I also used the dataset to identify features of genes associated with monogenetic disease, as well as differences between recessive and dominant disease genes. A similar orthologue identification method was used to explore the total sequenced viral proteome for potential orthologues of mitochondrial proteins. This showed that a range of mitochondrial proteins are shared with viruses, potentially facilitating the co-opting of mitochondrial function during viral infection of eukaryotic cells. I then used orthology to explore the conservation of residues linked to protein acetylation and identify a link with lifespan in warm-blooded vertebrates. In conclusion, I have used orthology to further the understanding of human mitochondrial proteome history and developed applications of this information. For example, phylogenetic features of disease genes are being used as part of a wider pipeline to predict mitochondrial disease genes. Furthermore, predicted substrates of the SLC25A14/30 mitochondrial carriers are being tested. My dataset provides further opportunities to explore the evolution and function of the mitochondrion.
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Leung, Lai-king. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40721073.
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Lau, Hok-nang, and 劉學能. "Identification of novel coronaviruses in dead birds in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44660108.
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Liu, Hei-man, and 廖羲文. "The detection of picornaviruses in bat in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44660224.
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Lee, Chiu-fai, and 李照輝. "Molecular epidemiology of lineage C betacoronaviruses in bats in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196542.
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Nine years after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003, a novel human coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), emerged in the Middle East in 2012 and was believed to be of animal origin. Molecular study on the genome of MERS-CoV showed that it belongs to lineage C betacoronavirus and is closely related to the previously described Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV HKU4) and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (Pi-BatCoV HKU5) identified in Tylonycteris pachypus and Pipistrellus abramus respectively. In this study, 597 respiratory and 934 alimentary specimens from 1174 bats of 12 different species were collected in 20 sampling sites of Hong Kong over seven years from November 2005 to November 2012. Degenerate primers designed from alignment of RdRp genes of lineage C betacoronaviruses were able to amplify partial RdRp sequences in two bat species only in this study, including 8 lesser bamboo bats and 34 Japanese pipistrelle, with 200-bp sequences shared 99-100% and 96-100% nucleotide identities to Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5 were closely related to but still distinct from MERS-CoV, implying that the two bat coronaviruses are probably not the direct ancestor virus of MERS-CoV. The infection of Pi-BatCoV HKU5 is independent of sex (P = 0.494) but juvenile Japanese pipistrelles were more susceptible to the infection (P = 0.000101) while the infection of Ty-BatCoV HKU4 is independent of both sex (P = 0.464) and age (P = 0.193). Additionally, the mean body weight of the adult lesser bamboo bats positive for Ty-BatCoV HKU4 was significantly lower than that of the negative ones (P = 0.03). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the mean body weights between the positive and negative bats for Pi-BatCoV HKU5 among the juvenile Japanese pipistrelles (P = 0.06). Continuous surveillance study of coronaviruses on different bat species as well as other potential intermediate animal hosts should be carried on the evolution study of the lineage C betacoronaviruses.published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Khechara, Martin Peter. "The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model for bacterial infection." Thesis, n.p, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Poon, Wing-shan Rosana. "Discovery and characterization of two novel subgroups of coronaviruses." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278450.
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Jefferies, Ryan. "Emerging canine tick-borne diseases in Australia and phylogenetic studies of the canine Piroplasmida." Thesis, Jefferies, Ryan (2006) Emerging canine tick-borne diseases in Australia and phylogenetic studies of the canine Piroplasmida. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/114/.
Full textAbstract:
Canine tick-borne diseases are an emerging problem within Australia and throughout the world. This thesis investigates Babesia gibsoni and Anaplasma platys infections in dogs in Australia and also explores the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of the canine piroplasm species and the members of the order Piroplasmida.
A nested PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of the canine piroplasm species and was found to have a high detection limit, capable of detecting a 2.7 x 10-7 % parasitaemia or the equivalent of 1.2 molecules of target DNA. Detection of piroplasm DNA applied to Whatman FTA classic cards using nested-PCR was found to have a lower detection limit than when using DNA extracted from whole blood but higher than IsoCode Stix or QIAamp extraction from filter paper based techniques. The nested PCR-RFLP assay was further evaluated for the detection of B. gibsoni infection in dogs being exported from Australia to New Zealand and compared to the current screening methods, the Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and microscopy. Of 235 dogs screened, 11 were IFAT positive, 1 was microscopy positive and 3 were PCR positive for B. gibsoni, highlighting the discordance that exists between various detection techniques. Replacing microscopic examination of blood smears with PCR-RFLP is suggested for screening dogs entering New Zealand, in addition to revising the current IFAT cut-off titre to minimize false positive results. The first case of B. gibsoni in New South Wales is also reported.
A study was also conducted to further investigate the recent discovery of B. gibsoni in Australia and the association of this infection with American Pit Bull Terriers in an epidemiological study. Both American Pit Bull Terriers (n = 100) and other dog breeds (n = 51) were screened for B. gibsoni using IFAT and PCR-RFLP. A questionnaire was also completed by each dog owner regarding thethe husbandry and habits these dogs. Fourteen dogs were positive for B. gibsoni using IFAT and/or PCR-RFLP and all were American Pit Bull Terriers. Dogs that were male and/or were bitten by or were biters of other American Pit Bull Terriers were statistically more likely to be B. gibsoni positive, thus suggesting that blood-to-blood transmission may contribute to the spread of this disease.
Experimental B. gibsoni infections were established in vivo to investigate the efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin therapy and to determine the detection limits of PCR, IFAT and microscopy during various stages of infection. While atovaquone and azithromycin produced a reduction in circulating parasite levels, it did not cause total eradication, and possible drug resistance also developed in one dog. PCR was found to be most useful in detecting early and acute stage infections, while IFAT was most useful during chronic and acute infections. Microscopy is suggested to be only useful for detecting acute stage infections. This study also describes the detection of B. gibsoni in tissue samples during chronic infection for the first time, suggesting possible sequestration of this parasite.
Anaplasma platys has also only recently been reported in Australia and the distribution, molecular-charcterisation, pathogenesis, co-infection with Babesia canis vogeli and treatment of infection with doxycycline were investigated. For the first time, A. platys is reported in Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria, with each isolate found to be genetically identical on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene. No correlation could be established between A. platys infection and the development of clinical signs or pathogenesis and definitive treatment using doxycycline could not be determined.
Isolates of canine piroplasms from various geographical locations worldwide (n = 46), including Australia were characterised on the basis of multiple gene loci to explore the distribution, genetic variation and possible phylogeographical relationships of these species. Separate genotypes of B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. gibsoni are suggested and may be correlated to different geographical origins. Characterization of B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi on the basis of the HSP 70 gene and B. gibsoni on the basis of the ITS 1, 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS 2 is described for the first time. Elevation of each of the B. canis subspecies, with the exclusion of B. canis presentii, to separate species is also proposed.
The current paraphyly and taxonomic confusion associated with the members of the order Piroplasmida led to a review of the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of this group of organisms. Phylogenetic relationships are determined using 18S rRNA gene, 5.8S rRNA gene, HSP 70 gene and combined loci analyses. Rearrangement of the Piroplasmida into three families, including the new family Piroplasmiidae is proposed, in addition to the establishment of two new genera, the Piroplasma (Patton, 1895) and the Achromaticus (Dionisi, 1899). Other proposed schemes of classification and the limitations of phenotypic characteristics in taxonomic classification within the Piroplasmida are also discussed.
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Jefferies, Ryan. "Emerging canine tick-borne diseases in Australia and phylogenetic studies of the canine Piroplasmida." Jefferies, Ryan (2006) Emerging canine tick-borne diseases in Australia and phylogenetic studies of the canine Piroplasmida. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/114/.
Full textAbstract:
Canine tick-borne diseases are an emerging problem within Australia and throughout the world. This thesis investigates Babesia gibsoni and Anaplasma platys infections in dogs in Australia and also explores the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of the canine piroplasm species and the members of the order Piroplasmida.
A nested PCR-RFLP assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of the canine piroplasm species and was found to have a high detection limit, capable of detecting a 2.7 x 10-7 % parasitaemia or the equivalent of 1.2 molecules of target DNA. Detection of piroplasm DNA applied to Whatman FTA classic cards using nested-PCR was found to have a lower detection limit than when using DNA extracted from whole blood but higher than IsoCode Stix or QIAamp extraction from filter paper based techniques. The nested PCR-RFLP assay was further evaluated for the detection of B. gibsoni infection in dogs being exported from Australia to New Zealand and compared to the current screening methods, the Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and microscopy. Of 235 dogs screened, 11 were IFAT positive, 1 was microscopy positive and 3 were PCR positive for B. gibsoni, highlighting the discordance that exists between various detection techniques. Replacing microscopic examination of blood smears with PCR-RFLP is suggested for screening dogs entering New Zealand, in addition to revising the current IFAT cut-off titre to minimize false positive results. The first case of B. gibsoni in New South Wales is also reported.
A study was also conducted to further investigate the recent discovery of B. gibsoni in Australia and the association of this infection with American Pit Bull Terriers in an epidemiological study. Both American Pit Bull Terriers (n = 100) and other dog breeds (n = 51) were screened for B. gibsoni using IFAT and PCR-RFLP. A questionnaire was also completed by each dog owner regarding thethe husbandry and habits these dogs. Fourteen dogs were positive for B. gibsoni using IFAT and/or PCR-RFLP and all were American Pit Bull Terriers. Dogs that were male and/or were bitten by or were biters of other American Pit Bull Terriers were statistically more likely to be B. gibsoni positive, thus suggesting that blood-to-blood transmission may contribute to the spread of this disease.
Experimental B. gibsoni infections were established in vivo to investigate the efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin therapy and to determine the detection limits of PCR, IFAT and microscopy during various stages of infection. While atovaquone and azithromycin produced a reduction in circulating parasite levels, it did not cause total eradication, and possible drug resistance also developed in one dog. PCR was found to be most useful in detecting early and acute stage infections, while IFAT was most useful during chronic and acute infections. Microscopy is suggested to be only useful for detecting acute stage infections. This study also describes the detection of B. gibsoni in tissue samples during chronic infection for the first time, suggesting possible sequestration of this parasite.
Anaplasma platys has also only recently been reported in Australia and the distribution, molecular-charcterisation, pathogenesis, co-infection with Babesia canis vogeli and treatment of infection with doxycycline were investigated. For the first time, A. platys is reported in Western Australia, Queensland and Victoria, with each isolate found to be genetically identical on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene. No correlation could be established between A. platys infection and the development of clinical signs or pathogenesis and definitive treatment using doxycycline could not be determined.
Isolates of canine piroplasms from various geographical locations worldwide (n = 46), including Australia were characterised on the basis of multiple gene loci to explore the distribution, genetic variation and possible phylogeographical relationships of these species. Separate genotypes of B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. gibsoni are suggested and may be correlated to different geographical origins. Characterization of B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis and B. canis rossi on the basis of the HSP 70 gene and B. gibsoni on the basis of the ITS 1, 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS 2 is described for the first time. Elevation of each of the B. canis subspecies, with the exclusion of B. canis presentii, to separate species is also proposed.
The current paraphyly and taxonomic confusion associated with the members of the order Piroplasmida led to a review of the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of this group of organisms. Phylogenetic relationships are determined using 18S rRNA gene, 5.8S rRNA gene, HSP 70 gene and combined loci analyses. Rearrangement of the Piroplasmida into three families, including the new family Piroplasmiidae is proposed, in addition to the establishment of two new genera, the Piroplasma (Patton, 1895) and the Achromaticus (Dionisi, 1899). Other proposed schemes of classification and the limitations of phenotypic characteristics in taxonomic classification within the Piroplasmida are also discussed.
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Hayes, Sally. "Structural organisation of collagen in the corneas of primates and other mammals and the stromal changes associated with the disease keratoconus." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56112/.
Full textAbstract:
X-ray diffraction was used to determine the ultrastructural arrangement of collagen in the normal human, monkey and bovine cornea. Using the same technique, the ultrastructural organisation of collagen in human keratoconus corneal buttons and in the corneas of mice with a murine specific keratopathy (SKC), in which the males develop a cone shaped cornea, was also examined. Collagen fibrils were found to be most closely packed in the prepupillary region of the normal human cornea, suggesting an optimisation of tissue strength and transparency in the main optical zone. In humans and marmoset monkeys, fibril size and interfibrillar spacing increased rapidly at the limbus to provide additional tensile strength at the point where the cornea meets the less curved sclera. A difference in the preferred orientation of collagen fibrils was observed between human and bovine corneas. Throughout the human corneal stroma, (and predominantly in the posterior stroma), collagen fibrils are preferentially aligned in the superior-inferior and nasal-temporal directions this alignment coincides with the insertion points of the rectus muscles. The proportion of aligned collagen mass (relative to the total collagen mass), which increases in all four quadrants of the peripheral human cornea, is highest in the superior-nasal and inferior-temporal regions, revealing a symmetry between the left and right cornea in terms of collagen mass distribution. Abnormalities in collagen orientation and mass distribution were seen in the majority of keratoconus corneal buttons examined. A relationship between the size and shape of the cone and the extent of the structural alterations was seen in some cases however a large variation existed between corneas. These results are consistent with a theoretical mechanism of keratoconus progression which involves enzyme action and inter-fibrillar and inter-lamellar slippage. Examination of the structural organisation of collagen in SKC mice corneas, revealed the strain to be an unsuitable model for studying human keratoconus.
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Barrett, Janine. "Australian bat lyssavirus /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20040729.134623/index.html.
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Samra, Nada Abu. "Sero-prevalance and zoonotic implication of toxoplasmosis in sheep in South Africa." Electronic thesis, 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04112008-161617/.
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Groen, Simon Cornelis. "Manipulation of plant-insect interactions by insect-borne plant viruses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648187.
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Srivatsavai, Venkata Suresh Kumar Huettel Robin Norton. "Identification, distribution and vector biology of brome mosaic virus of wheat in Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1266.
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Billeter, Sarah Arnao. "Seroprevalence and attempted transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected ticks to cats." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1274.
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Sharma, Bikram. "Influence of co-infection on the infection density of Borrelia burgdorferi and Ixodes scapularis endosymbiont in Ixodes scapularis ticks." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/619.
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Mateu, Huertas Elisabet 1983. "Insight into disease processes of fragil X premutation carriers associated pathologies : expression-profile characterization and identification of a novel pathogenic mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145480.
Full textAbstract:
Male premutation carriers (PM) presenting between 55-200 CGG repeats in the
Fragile X-associated (FMR1) gene are at risk to develop Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia
Syndrome (FXTAS), and females to undergo Premature Ovarian Failure (POF1).
These pathologies are caused by toxic gain of function of the premutated FMR1
mRNA. Functional alterations of several gene expression regulators provide a
detrimental mechanism underlying FMR1 PM–associated pathologies. In this thesis,
we have characterized the transcriptome alterations associated to FMR1 premutation
and further characterized the relevance of the biogenesis and activity of a small RNAs
formed by repeated CGG (sCGG) in neuronal dysfunction linked to FMR1-PM. In
blood of FMR1 premutation carriers (fXPCs) we have detected a strong deregulation
of genes enriched in FXTAS-relevant biological pathways. We have also identified a
deregulated gene (EAP1) that may underlie POF1 in female fXPCs. In addition, we
found increased levels of sCGG in different models of FMR1-PM and further
demonstrated the neurotoxic activity of sCGG through a mechanism dependent on
RNA induced silencing machinery. We propose that the activity of sCGG may
contribute to transcriptome perturbations with downstream pathogenic consequences.
Overall, we provide mechanistic insight into the disease process and further suggest
targets for FXTAS diagnosis to the myriad of phenotypes associated with FXPC.Homes portadors de la premutació (PM) en el gen associat Fràgil X (FMR1), presenten entre 55-200 repeticions de CGG, estan en risc de desenvolupar el síndrome de tremolor/atàxia associat al X fràgil (FXTAS), i les dones fallida ovàrica precoç (POF1). Aquestes malalties són causades per la funció tòxica de l'ARN missatger. Alteracions funcional de diversos reguladors de l'expressió gènica s'ha proposat com a causa subjacent a aquests trastorns. En aquesta tesi, s'han caracteritzat les alteracions associades al transcriptome de la premutació en l’FMR1 i analitzat la rellevància de la biogènesi i l'activitat d'un petit ARN format per CGG repetits (sCGG) en la disfunció neuronal relacionada amb la PM del FMR1. En sang de portadors de la premutació en l’FMR1 (fXPCs) s'ha detectat una forta desregulació de gens enriquit en vies biològiques rellevants en FXTAS. També hem identificat un gen desregulat (EAP1) que pot ser la base POF1 en dones fXPCs. A més, hem trobat un augment en els nivells de sCGG en diferents models de FMR1-PM i demostrem la seva activitat neurotòxica a través d'un mecanisme dependent en la maquinària de silenciament gènic. Proposem que l'activitat de sCGG pot contribuir a causar pertorbacions en el transcriptoma i desencadenar conseqüències patògenes.En general, oferim un nou enfoc en procés de la malaltia i un diagnòstic més exacte per la gran varietat de fenotips associats amb fXPCs.
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Wyatt, Laura, and Ephron Rosenzweig. "Possible T Cell Immune Response to AAV Treatment in non-Human Primates with Spinal Cord Injury." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/163.
Full textAbstract:
Neurons in the spinal cord do not spontaneously regenerate, which often leads to debilitating injuries. One method proposed to promote axonal regeneration is the injection of viruses carrying genes for growth factors into the injured spinal cord. One such virus, the adeno-associated virus (AAV), has shown promise in gene therapy medical research. However, injecting AAV into rhesus macaques with C7 spinal cord hemisection lesions actually leads to motor neuron loss in the gray matter of the spinal cord, rather than contributing to the preservation or regeneration of axons. This unexpected result highlights the necessity of further testing with therapeutic approaches for axon regeneration in nonhuman primate models before moving into clinical trials. It is possible that an immune-related T cell response to the AAV-transfected cells causes this motor neuron loss. T cells are white blood cells that play a role in attacking cells infected with viruses. It is unknown whether such a response of the immune system to respond with an up-regulation of T cells may be taking place over a relatively short period (weeks) or over many months. This question was tested here: T cells were stained in spinal cord sections caudal (below) the lesion in the spinal cord and near AAV injection sites to determine whether there was a greater quantity of T cells in these areas compared to the subject’s baseline levels. Subjects that had AAV therapeutic injections and that were examined 6 months after the injection were found to have greater quantities of T cells than those who did not have injections containing AAV. It was also found that the AAV-injected subjects examined only 6 weeks post injection did not have greater quantities of T cells than control subjects. These results suggest that there may be a delayed immune response to the AAV injections in nonhuman primates with spinal cord injury, which occurs over a period of months. Pinpointing the mechanism that causes this cell death would allow researchers to create a safer therapeutic that could promote axonal growth in people with spinal cord injuries.
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Hurst, Timothy Parker. "Evaluation of Australian native fish and lavicides for the integrated control of freshwater mosquito vectors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18164.pdf.
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Modelski, Kimberly A. "Comparison of climatic conditions and mosquito abundances in New Castle County, Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.25 Mb., 229 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435830.
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Schmeisser, Glen A. "Location of the insect binding specificity domain of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 128 kDa toxin." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897503.
Full textAbstract:
The ultimate goal of this research was to perform a domain exchange between a computer identified insect specificity region of the mosquito larvicidal protein Cry IVB and a previously identified domain in a related protein toxin which targets lepidopteran insect larvae. If the insect specificity domain has been correctly identified, an exchange of DNA in this manner transfers the toxicity of one peptide to another by an exchange of the insect specificity domains. New, chimeric peptides may be designed which will target a larger spectrum of insect larvae.In previous research a domain exchange was performed between the two genes carried on plasmid vectors in E. coli and low levels of toxicity to mosquito larvae were observed. Initial efforts of this research attempted to identify these recombinants. However, stability was not achieved by sequential colony screens. Furthermore, a recently published three-dimensional structural model for all the B. thuringiensis crystalline toxins became available and it was quickly determined that the first exchanges excluded most of the f3-sheet domain that is responsible for insect cell receptor binding, the feature that gives the toxins their specificity. Therefore, it was decided that a larger, more inclusive region of Cry IVB DNA must be exchanged between the two toxins.Extensive computer analyses of the Cry IVB sequence and retroactive comparison of these sequences to the three-dimensional model yielded a fragment of DNA that encoded more than 60% of the putative insect specificity domain. Oligonucleotide primers were subsequently designed to flank this region so that the polymerase chain reaction could be employed to amplify the region. Additionally, the primers were engineered to contain terminal restriction endonuclease sites to ease in the exchange of the domain encoding region into Cry IA(c). The region of Cry IVB DNA flanked by the oligonucleotide primers was successfully amplified by the PCR and cloned into the plasmid vector pUC 19 as a reservoir for a future domain exchange.Department of Biology
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Robinson, Mary J. "Cloning a mosquitocidal fragment of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and location of the insect binding specificity domain of the 130 kDa toxin gene." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774740.
Full textAbstract:
Various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Mt.) produce crystalline endotoxins specific for larvae of different insect classes. Two strains, B.t. subspp. israelensis and kurstaki produce similar 130 kDa toxins encoded by the CryIVB gene (toxic to Diptera) and the CryIA gene (toxic to Lepidoptera), respectively. The N-terminal region of the CryIVB gene was cloned into the Escherichia coli expression vector pKX223-3. A mosquitocidal transformant was obtained as determined by mosquito bioassays. The gene fragment, if stable, can be cloned into cyanobacteria to achieve biological control of mosquito-borne diseases. A second goal was to identify the binding specificity domain of the CryIVB gene which encodes the portion of the protein toxin that binds the insect midgut causing cell lysis and death. Two potential insect binding specificity domains identified by computer analyses were switched with a known binding specificity region of the CryIA gene. The polymerase chain reaction was utilized to obtain gene fragments of the CryIVB gene which replaced the CryIA gene binding specificity domain. The resulting recombinant clones carrying the CryIA gene containing the .000nd proposed insect binding specificity domain of the CryIVB gene were fotsd to be mosquitocidal.Department of Biology
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Lewis, Lynn Owens. "Surface proteins of the mosquito-pathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77819.
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Bondy, Peter Jacob. "Cytauxzoon felis in Missouri ticks /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p14211147.
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梁麗琼 and Lai-king Leung. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721073.
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Benavides, Julio. "Dynamique des maladies dans les systèmes sociaux complexes : émergence des maladies infectieuses chez les primates." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20163/document.
Full textAbstract:
Comprendre l'émergence et la propagation des maladies infectieuses chez les animaux sauvages est devenue une priorité en santé publique et en conservation. En combinant la collecte de données et le développement de modèles épidémiologiques, cette thèse s'est focalisée sur la compréhension de deux phénomènes clés: (i) étudier comment l'hétérogénéité au niveau des individus, des groupes, de la population et de l'environnement influence la propagation de parasites et (ii) quantifier la transmission de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques depuis l'homme vers les animaux sauvages dans trois aires protégées d'Afrique (Tsaobis NP- Namibie, Lopé NP-Gabon et Dzanga-Ndoki NP- République Centrafricaine). Les principaux résultats de ce travail montrent que : (1) De multiples facteurs incluant la température, la pluie, l'utilisation du territoire, le genre, l'âge et la condition physique influencent la richesse spécifique de parasites gastro-intestinaux chez le babouin chacma, (2) Les contacts entre animaux autour des points d'attractions de l'habitat peuvent influencer de manière importante la propagation spatio-temporelle d'une maladie, (3) La transmission d'entérobactéries résistantes semble avoir lieu depuis les humains ou le bétail vers les animaux sauvages dans des zones où le contact entre ces populations est élevé, (4) Le gradient de densité de gorilles produit par la chasse peut générer une augmentation de prévalence d'un parasite avec la distance au point d'introduction. Les conclusions de ce travail ouvrent de nouvelles possibilités pour l'étude des maladies émergentes chez les animaux sauvagesUnderstanding the emergence and spread of infectious disease in wild animal populations has become an important priority for both public health and animal conservation. Combining the collection of empirical data with the development of epidemiological models, this thesis focuses on understanding two key issues of wildlife epidemiology: (i) how heterogeneity at the individual, group, population and landscape level affects parasite spread (ii) investigating whether transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria from humans to wildlife is occurring within three protected areas of Africa (Tsaobis NP-Namibia, Lope NP-Gabon and Dzanga-Ndoki NP-Central African Republic). The main findings of this work indicated that: (1) multiple-scale factors including temperature, rainfall, home range use, sex, age and body condition influence gastro-intestinal parasite richness among wild baboons; (2) animal contacts around ‘habitat hotspots' can substantially influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a disease; (3) antibiotic resistant enterobacteria seem to be spreading from humans/livestock to wildlife when the territory overlap between these two populations is expected to be high; (4) gradients in gorilla density created by bushmeat hunting can reverse the expected pattern of decreasing parasite prevalence with distance to human-spillover. The conclusions of this work open new possibilities for studying the mechanisms explaining the spread of emerging infectious diseases among wild animals
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Parente, Hilca Maria de Azevedo. "Prevalence of helicobacter pylori and cagA shells in carriers of intestinal inflammatory disease taken at Walter CantÃdio University hospital in Fortaleza-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19420.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorVÃrios trabalhos tÃm investigado o possÃvel papel protetor da infecÃÃo pelo H. pylori na doenÃa inflamatÃria intestinal (DoenÃa de Crohn e Retocolite ulcerativa), contudo os resultados sÃo controversos. Esse estudo prospectivo, transversal e de carÃter observacional foi realizado entre agosto/2014 e novembro/2016, teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalÃncia do H. pylori e do gene de virulÃncia cagA, nos pacientes portadores de DII e em controles atendidos no ambulatÃrio de Gastrenterologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio da Universidade Federal do Cearà - Fortaleza. Foram analisados 182 pacientes, sendo 41 pacientes com DII nos quais 31,7% (13/41) eram homens e 68,3% (28/41) eram mulheres com idade variando entre 18-72 anos e com 39,84  14,76 (mÃdia  SD) anos; e 141 pacientes dispÃpticos nÃo portadores de DII sendo 39,9% (55/141) homens e 60,1% (86/141) mulheres com idade variando entre 18-70 anos e com 40,1Â14,20 (mÃdiaÂSD) anos, pareados para a idade, os quais assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), sendo coletadas biÃpsias (antro, corpo e incisura). A detecÃÃo de H. pylori foi feita por meio do teste da urease, da anÃlise histolÃgica e da ReaÃÃo em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para o gene ureA. AlÃm disso foi realizado PCR para o gene de virulÃncia cagA. Dos 41 pacientes com DII, 36,5% (15/41) eram portadores da DoenÃa de Crohn e 63,5% (26/41) Retocolite ulcerativa. Sobre os achados endoscÃpicos, os pacientes com DII apresentaram erosÃo gÃstrica em 41,5% (17/41), associada a pangastrite crÃnica encontrada em 64,3,% (9/14) dos pacientes com DoenÃa de Crohn; e 56,5% (13/23) nos pacientes com Retocolite ulcerativa, a inflamaÃÃo ativa e leve foram os achados histopatolÃgicos mais encontrados sendo visualizados em 71,4% (10/14) e 73,9% (17/23); 64,3% (9/14) e 56,5% (13/23) na DoenÃa de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa respectivamente. A bactÃria foi encontrada em 73,2% (30/41) no grupo DII, no grupo controle essa prevalÃncia foi de 75,1% (106/141). Entre os grupos DC e RCU as prevalÃncias do H. pylori foram de 73,3% (11/15) e 73,1% (19/26) respectivamente. O gene cagA foi positivo em 43,9% (15/26) do grupo DII e em 76,3% (80/103) do controle, (p=0.038). A prevalÃncia de H. pylori nos pacientes portadores de DII e controles foi similiar. As cepas cagA foram significantemente menos prevalentes nos pacientes com DII.
VÃrios trabalhos tÃm investigado o possÃvel papel protetor da infecÃÃo pelo H. pylori na doenÃa inflamatÃria intestinal (DoenÃa de Crohn e Retocolite ulcerativa), contudo os resultados sÃo controversos. Esse estudo prospectivo, transversal e de carÃter observacional foi realizado entre agosto/2014 e novembro/2016, teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalÃncia do H. pylori e do gene de virulÃncia cagA, nos pacientes portadores de DII e em controles atendidos no ambulatÃrio de Gastrenterologia do Hospital UniversitÃrio da Universidade Federal do Cearà - Fortaleza. Foram analisados 182 pacientes, sendo 41 pacientes com DII nos quais 31,7% (13/41) eram homens e 68,3% (28/41) eram mulheres com idade variando entre 18-72 anos e com 39,84  14,76 (mÃdia  SD) anos; e 141 pacientes dispÃpticos nÃo portadores de DII sendo 39,9% (55/141) homens e 60,1% (86/141) mulheres com idade variando entre 18-70 anos e com 40,1Â14,20 (mÃdiaÂSD) anos, pareados para a idade, os quais assinaram um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), sendo coletadas biÃpsias (antro, corpo e incisura). A detecÃÃo de H. pylori foi feita por meio do teste da urease, da anÃlise histolÃgica e da ReaÃÃo em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para o gene ureA. AlÃm disso foi realizado PCR para o gene de virulÃncia cagA. Dos 41 pacientes com DII, 36,5% (15/41) eram portadores da DoenÃa de Crohn e 63,5% (26/41) Retocolite ulcerativa. Sobre os achados endoscÃpicos, os pacientes com DII apresentaram erosÃo gÃstrica em 41,5% (17/41), associada a pangastrite crÃnica encontrada em 64,3,% (9/14) dos pacientes com DoenÃa de Crohn; e 56,5% (13/23) nos pacientes com Retocolite ulcerativa, a inflamaÃÃo ativa e leve foram os achados histopatolÃgicos mais encontrados sendo visualizados em 71,4% (10/14) e 73,9% (17/23); 64,3% (9/14) e 56,5% (13/23) na DoenÃa de Crohn e Retocolite Ulcerativa respectivamente. A bactÃria foi encontrada em 73,2% (30/41) no grupo DII, no grupo controle essa prevalÃncia foi de 75,1% (106/141). Entre os grupos DC e RCU as prevalÃncias do H. pylori foram de 73,3% (11/15) e 73,1% (19/26) respectivamente. O gene cagA foi positivo em 43,9% (15/26) do grupo DII e em 76,3% (80/103) do controle, (p=0.038). A prevalÃncia de H. pylori nos pacientes portadores de DII e controles foi similiar. As cepas cagA foram significantemente menos prevalentes nos pacientes com DII.