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Journal articles on the topic 'Prime implicates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Bienvenu, M. "Prime Implicates and Prime Implicants: From Propositional to Modal Logic." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 36 (October 20, 2009): 71–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2754.

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Prime implicates and prime implicants have proven relevant to a number of areas of artificial intelligence, most notably abductive reasoning and knowledge compilation. The purpose of this paper is to examine how these notions might be appropriately extended from propositional logic to the modal logic K. We begin the paper by considering a number of potential definitions of clauses and terms for K. The different definitions are evaluated with respect to a set of syntactic, semantic, and complexity-theoretic properties characteristic of the propositional definition. We then compare the definitions with respect to the properties of the notions of prime implicates and prime implicants that they induce. While there is no definition that perfectly generalizes the propositional notions, we show that there does exist one definition which satisfies many of the desirable properties of the propositional case. In the second half of the paper, we consider the computational properties of the selected definition. To this end, we provide sound and complete algorithms for generating and recognizing prime implicates, and we show the prime implicate recognition task to be PSPACE-complete. We also prove upper and lower bounds on the size and number of prime implicates. While the paper focuses on the logic K, all of our results hold equally well for multi-modal K and for concept expressions in the description logic ALC.

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2

Kean, Alex, and George Tsiknis. "An incremental method for generating prime implicants/implicates." Journal of Symbolic Computation 9, no. 2 (February 1990): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0747-7171(08)80029-6.

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3

Schrag, Robert, and James M. Crawford. "Implicates and prime implicates in Random 3-SAT." Artificial Intelligence 81, no. 1-2 (March 1996): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(95)00053-4.

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4

Echenim, Mnacho, Nicolas Peltier, and Sophie Tourret. "Prime Implicate Generation in Equational Logic." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 60 (December 18, 2017): 827–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5481.

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We present an algorithm for the generation of prime implicates in equational logic, that is, of the most general consequences of formulæ containing equations and disequations between first-order terms. This algorithm is defined by a calculus that is proved to be correct and complete. We then focus on the case where the considered clause set is ground, i.e., contains no variables, and devise a specialized tree data structure that is designed to efficiently detect and delete redundant implicates. The corresponding algorithms are presented along with their termination and correctness proofs. Finally, an experimental evaluation of this prime implicate generation method is conducted in the ground case, including a comparison with state-of-the-art propositional and first-order prime implicate generation tools.

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5

Van De Putte, F. "Prime implicates and relevant belief revision." Journal of Logic and Computation 23, no. 1 (November 7, 2011): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exr040.

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6

Prasad, V. C. "Quality of Minimal Sets of Prime Implicants of Boolean Functions." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 63, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2017-0022.

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Abstract Two new problems are posed and solved concerning minimal sets of prime implicants of Boolean functions. It is well known that the prime implicant set of a Boolean function should be minimal and have as few literals as possible. But it is not well known that min term repetitions should also be as few as possible to reduce power consumption. Determination of minimal sets of prime implicants is a well known problem. But nothing is known on the least number of (i) prime implicants (ii) literals and (iii) min term repetitions , any minimal set of prime implicants will have. These measures are useful to assess the quality of a minimal set. They are then extended to determine least number of prime implicants / implicates required to design a static hazard free circuit. The new technique tends to give smallest set of prime implicants for various objectives.

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7

Jabbour, Said, Yue Ma, Badran Raddaoui, and Lakhdar Sais. "Quantifying conflicts in propositional logic through prime implicates." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 89 (October 2017): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2016.12.017.

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8

Dunne, Paul E., and Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon. "The maximum length of prime implicates for instances of 3-SAT." Artificial Intelligence 92, no. 1-2 (May 1997): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00018-0.

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9

Singh, Arindama, and Manoj K. Raut. "An algorithm for computing theory prime implicates in first order logic." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 1, no. 1 (2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijict.2007.013273.

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10

Matusiewicz, Andrew, Neil V. Murray, Paul Olsen, and Erik Rosenthal. "Computing prime implicates by pruning the search space and accelerating subsumption." Journal of Logic and Computation 27, no. 4 (October 16, 2015): 961–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exv071.

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11

Marangolo, Paola, Enrico Di Pace, Robert Rafal, and Donatella Scabini. "Effects of Parietal Lesions in Humans on Color and Location Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 6 (November 1998): 704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998563112.

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To determine whether the parietal lobes contribute to the selection of nonspatial features known to be processed in the ventral stream, the current study examined the effect of chronic unilateral parietal lobe lesions in humans on color and location priming. Patients and normal controls performed a go/no-go color discrimination task in which either the same color and different color pairs of stimuli (prime and probe) were projected sequentially either in the same hemifield or in opposite hemifields. Control subjects and patients both showed independent effects of color and location priming. In the patients, primes in either field produced color priming for target probes in the ipsilesional field but not for probes in the contralesional field. This observation implicates the parietal cortex in processing activated codes of stimulus attributes not only for spatial information but also for visual features processed in the ventral visual pathways.

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12

Anggraini, Dita Rizki, Ismail Petrus, and Rita Inderawati. "Theoretic Analysis of Implicatures in Pride and Prejudice and Its Pedagogical Implications." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching 4, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v4i2.309.

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This study was aimed at finding out the implicatures, the types of the implicatures, and the intended meaning of the implicatures employed by the characters in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. This study was a descriptive qualitative study with corpus-based approach. The data were collected through some procedures, namely reading the novel repeatedly and thoroughly, determining the utterances containing implicatures in dialogues based on the relevance theory, and selecting and organizing the data to be analyzed. To analyze the data, the procedures were presenting and describing the data, interpreting the data by referring to the relevance theory, determining the implicated premises and implicated conclusions, determining the strongly implicated conclusions and weakly implicated conclusions, and interpreting and describing the intended meanings of the implicatures. From the results, there were 60 implicatures found in the novel and the two types of them were strong and weak implicatures. As the follow-up, a dissemination to the second semester students of Graduate Program of Sriwijaya University was conducted which yielded to the result that there was no significant association between the respondents’ knowledge of implicatures and relevance theory and their performance in analyzing implicatures using the theory with the p-value of 0.406 (p-value > 0.05).

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13

Slep, Kevin C. "The role of TOG domains in microtubule plus end dynamics." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 5 (September 21, 2009): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371002.

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The XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule-associated protein 215) and CLASP [CLIP-170 (cytoskeletal linker protein 170) associated protein] microtubule plus end tracking families play central roles in the regulation of interphase microtubule dynamics and the proper formation of mitotic spindle architecture and flux. XMAP215 members comprise N-terminally-arrayed hexa-HEAT (huntingtin, elongation factor 3, the PR65/A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and the lipid kinase Tor) repeats known as TOG (tumour overexpressed gene) domains. Higher eukaryotic XMAP215 members are monomeric and have five TOG domains. Yeast counterparts are dimeric and have two TOG domains. Structure determination of the TOG domain reveals that the six HEAT repeats are aligned to form an oblong scaffold. The TOG domain face composed of intra-HEAT loops forms a contiguous, conserved tubulin-binding surface. Nested within the conserved intra-HEAT loop 1 is an invariant, signature, surface-exposed tryptophan residue that is a prime determinant in the TOG domain–tubulin interaction. The arrayed organization of TOG domains is critical for the processive mechanism of XMAP215, indicative that multiple tubulin/microtubule-binding sites are required for plus end tracking activity. The CLASP family has been annotated as containing a single N-terminal TOG domain. Using XMAP215 TOG domain structure determinants as a metric to analyse CLASP sequence, it is anticipated that CLASP contains two additional cryptic TOGL (TOG-like) domains. The presence of additional TOGL domains implicates CLASP as an ancient XMAP215 relative that uses a similar, multi-TOG-based mechanism to processively track microtubule ends.

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14

Wahyuni, Tri, and M. Suryadi Suryadi. "UMPATAN DALAM BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA LAMPUNG: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK LINTAS BUDAYA [The Swearing Words in Javanese and Lampungic Language: A Study of Cross Culture Pragmatics]." TOTOBUANG 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v9i1.247.

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Swearing words or curse are a part of the communication that exists in a language. Javanese and Lampung languagewhich live side by side in the Lampung region as one of the transmigration destinations are subjects of pragmatic which highlight the swearing words in non-formal communication. This article discusses swearing words in Javanese and Lampung in general. This qualitative descriptive study used the method of elicitation (used DCT) and agih by listening, note-taking technique, and interview. Prime data in form of both languages spoken by respondents. Secondary data in the form of studies that have been conducted become a starting point for studies in this article aimed at describing the types of Javanese and Lampung language swearing words and their functions in non-formal communication. Beside, the purpose of this article is uncovering the implicatures of swearing words in the two languages which have difference local tradition and comparing the structure of swearing words that are built up in the expressions of swearing words. After analyzing the data, the result shows that not all cursing came from the ten classifications defined in two languages. The ten classifications show that curses in Javanese were more complex and varied, while curses in Lampung were limited to certain classifications. The implication of all swearing in two languages, both Javanese and Lampung, was an expression of resentment, anger, and disappointment. However, the use of cursing without reference implicates the diverting conversation. Umpatan atau sumpah serapah merupakan bagian dari komunikasi yang ada dalam sebuah bahasa. Bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung—yang hidup berdampingan di wilayah Lampung sebagai salah satu daerah tujuan transmigrasi— menjadi objek kajian pragmatik yang menyoroti umpatan yang ada dalam komunikasi nonformal. Artikel ini membahas umpatan dalam bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung secara umum. Penelitian berjenis deskriptif kualitatif ini menggunakan metode elisitasi (menggunakan (Discourse Compeltion Task) DCT) dan agih dengan teknik simak, catat, dan wawancara. Data primer berupa tuturan dua bahasa oleh responden. Data sekunder berupa penelitian-penelitian yang pernah dilakukan menjadi titik tolak kajian dalam artikel yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis umpatan bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Lampung dan fungsinya di dalam komunikasi nonformal. Selain itu, tujuan dari artikel ini adalah mengungkap implikatur yang ada dalam tindak tutur berupa umpatan dalam dua bahasa daerah yang memiliki tradisi yang berbeda dengan membandingkan struktur umpatan yang terbangun dalam pengungkapan umpatan. Setelah dilakukan telaah data didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak semua umpatan bersumber sepuluh klasifikasi yang ditetapkan ada di dua bahasa. Pada sepuluh klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa umpatan dalam bahasa Jawa lebih kompleks dan beragam, sementara umpatan dalam bahasa Lampung terbatas pada beberapa klasifikasi tertentu. Implikatur yang ada pada semua umpatan di dua bahasa, baik Jawa dan Lampung adalah pengungkapan kekesalan, kemarahan, dan kekecewaan. Namun, pada penggunaan umpatan tanpa referen merupakan implikatur untuk mengalihkan pembicaraan.

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15

Silliman, Christopher C., Brian R. Curtis, Patricia M. Kopko, Samina Y. Khan, Marguerite R. Kelher, Randy M. Schuller, Baindu Sannoh, and Daniel R. Ambruso. "Donor antibodies to HNA-3a implicated in TRALI reactions prime neutrophils and cause PMN-mediated damage to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in a two-event in vitro model." Blood 109, no. 4 (October 12, 2006): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-05-025106.

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Abstract Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Antibodies to HNA-3a are commonly implicated in TRALI. We hypothesized that HNA-3a antibodies prime neutrophils (PMNs) and cause PMN-mediated cytotoxicity through a two-event pathogenesis. Isolated HNA-3a+ or HNA-3a− PMNs were incubated with plasma containing HNA-3a antibodies implicated in TRALI, and their ability to prime the oxidase was measured. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were activated with endotoxin or buffer, HNA-3a+ or HNA-3a− PMNs were added, and the coculture was incubated with plasma ± antibodies to HNA-3a. PMN-mediated damage was measured by counting viable HMVECs/mm2. Plasma containing HNA-3a antibodies primed the fMLP-activated respiratory burst of HNA-3a+, but not HNA-3a−, PMNs and elicited PMN-mediated damage of LPS-activated HMVECs when HNA-3a+, but not HNA-3a−, PMNs were used. Thus, antibodies to HNA-3a primed PMNs and caused PMN-mediated HMVEC cytotoxicity in a two-event model identical to biologic response modifiers implicated in TRALI.

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16

Baharom, Zulkhibri, Maizlinda Izwana Idris, Tee Chuan Lee, Sharifah Adzila Syed Abu Bakar, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "Characterizations on Microencapsulated Sunflower Oil as Self-Healing Agent Using In Situ Polymerization Method." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.433.

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This paper emphasizes the characterization on the microencapsulation of sunflower oil as self-healing agent. In-situ polymerization method mainly implicates in the microencapsulation process. The analysation of microencapsulated sunflower oil via prominent characterization of yield of microcapsules, microcapsules characteristics and Fourier Transmission Infa-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The prime optimization used was reaction time of microencapsulation process in the ranges of 2, 3 and 4 h. The higher reaction time of microencapsulation process resulted in a higher yield of microcapsules. The yield of microcapsules increases from 46 to 53% respectively by the increasing of reaction time from 2 to 4 h. The surface morphology study associating the diameter of microcapsules measured to analyse the prepared microcapsules. It was indicated that microcapsules were round in shape with smooth micro-surfaces. It was discovered that the diameter of microcapsules during microencapsulation process after 4 h reaction time was in average of 70.53 μm. This size was measured before filtering the microcapsules with solvent and dried in vacuum oven. Apparently, after filtering and drying stage, the diameter of microcapsules specifically identified under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showing the size of 2.33 μm may be due to the removing the suspended oil surrounded the microcapsules. Sunflower oil as core content and UF as shell of microcapsules demonstrated the proven chemical properties on characterization by FTIR with the stretching peak of 1537.99 - 1538.90 cm-1 (-H in-CH2), 1235.49 - 1238.77 cm-1 (C-O-C Vibrations at Ester) and 1017.65 - 1034.11 cm-1 (C-OH Stretching Vibrations). It was showed that sunflower oil can be considered as an alternative nature resource for self-healing agent in microencapsulation process. The characterization of microencapsulated sunflower oil using in-situ polymerization method showed that sunflower oil was viable healant to be encapsulated and incorporated in metal coating.

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17

Tyrväinen, Tero. "Prime implicants in dynamic reliability analysis." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 146 (February 2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.10.007.

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18

Singh, Arindama. "Computing prime implicants via transversal clauses." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 70, no. 3 (January 1999): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207169908804764.

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19

Čepek, Ondřej, Petr Kučera, and Stanislav Kuřík. "Boolean functions with long prime implicants." Information Processing Letters 113, no. 19-21 (September 2013): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2013.07.001.

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20

Morris, SW, L. Daniel, CM Ahmed, A. Elias, and P. Lebowitz. "Relationship of bcr breakpoint to chronic phase duration, survival, and blast crisis lineage in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients presenting in early chronic phase [see comments]." Blood 75, no. 10 (May 15, 1990): 2035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.10.2035.2035.

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Abstract Strong evidence implicates fusion of control elements and 5′ sequences of the bcr gene of chromosome 22 with 3′ sequences of the c-abl gene of chromosome 9 in the pathogenesis of Ph-positive and certain cases of Ph- negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Since this fusion gene gives rise to a chimeric tyrosine protein kinase with transforming potential, and since the bcr exon contribution to this chimeric protein is variable, the question has arisen as to whether bcr breakpoint location and bcr exon contribution could influence the clinical course of CML. Prior studies have yielded conflicting results on this point. Here we have looked, in a manner approximating a prospective analysis, at the relation of bcr breakpoint localization to the duration of chronic phase, total survival, and blast crisis phenotype in 81 patients presenting in the chronic phase of CML. We have found no significant differences in chronic phase duration or total survival among patients with breakpoints in the three major subregions of a breakpoint cluster region within the bcr gene. These findings indicate that chronic phase duration and total survival cannot be predicted from bcr breakpoint for CML patients presenting in chronic phase and suggest that unknown oncogenic events determining the onset of blast crisis are the prime determinants of prognosis. Combined analysis of blast crisis cell lineage in our patients and patients presented in a previous study has revealed an overall ratio of myeloid:lymphoid (M:L) crisis of 3.4:1, but a striking predominance of myeloid crisis in patients with breakpoints in subregion 2 (M:L of 9:1), and a lower than expected M:L ratio (1.6:1) among patients with breakpoints in subregion 3 (P for subregion 2 versus 3 = .012; subregions 0,1,2 versus 3 = .012; subregions 0,1,3 versus 2 = .032). The molecular basis for this divergence from the anticipated M:L ratio in patients with breakpoints in bcr subregions 2 and 3 is unknown.

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21

Morris, SW, L. Daniel, CM Ahmed, A. Elias, and P. Lebowitz. "Relationship of bcr breakpoint to chronic phase duration, survival, and blast crisis lineage in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients presenting in early chronic phase [see comments]." Blood 75, no. 10 (May 15, 1990): 2035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.10.2035.bloodjournal75102035.

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Strong evidence implicates fusion of control elements and 5′ sequences of the bcr gene of chromosome 22 with 3′ sequences of the c-abl gene of chromosome 9 in the pathogenesis of Ph-positive and certain cases of Ph- negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Since this fusion gene gives rise to a chimeric tyrosine protein kinase with transforming potential, and since the bcr exon contribution to this chimeric protein is variable, the question has arisen as to whether bcr breakpoint location and bcr exon contribution could influence the clinical course of CML. Prior studies have yielded conflicting results on this point. Here we have looked, in a manner approximating a prospective analysis, at the relation of bcr breakpoint localization to the duration of chronic phase, total survival, and blast crisis phenotype in 81 patients presenting in the chronic phase of CML. We have found no significant differences in chronic phase duration or total survival among patients with breakpoints in the three major subregions of a breakpoint cluster region within the bcr gene. These findings indicate that chronic phase duration and total survival cannot be predicted from bcr breakpoint for CML patients presenting in chronic phase and suggest that unknown oncogenic events determining the onset of blast crisis are the prime determinants of prognosis. Combined analysis of blast crisis cell lineage in our patients and patients presented in a previous study has revealed an overall ratio of myeloid:lymphoid (M:L) crisis of 3.4:1, but a striking predominance of myeloid crisis in patients with breakpoints in subregion 2 (M:L of 9:1), and a lower than expected M:L ratio (1.6:1) among patients with breakpoints in subregion 3 (P for subregion 2 versus 3 = .012; subregions 0,1,2 versus 3 = .012; subregions 0,1,3 versus 2 = .032). The molecular basis for this divergence from the anticipated M:L ratio in patients with breakpoints in bcr subregions 2 and 3 is unknown.

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22

Palopoli, Luigi, Fiora Pirri, and Clara Pizzuti. "Algorithms for selective enumeration of prime implicants." Artificial Intelligence 111, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(99)00035-1.

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23

Rawat, Saurabh, and Anushree Sah. "Prime and Essential Prime Implicants of Boolean Functions through Cubical Representation." International Journal of Computer Applications 70, no. 23 (May 31, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/12204-7638.

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24

Chiodini, R. J. "Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 90–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.2.1.90.

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Crohn's disease is a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis, of unknown etiology, which generally affects the patient during the prime of life. Medical treatment is supportive at best, and patients afflicted with this disorder generally live with chronic pain, in and out of hospitals, throughout their lives. The disease bears the name of the investigator who convincingly distinguished this disease from intestinal tuberculosis in 1932. This distinction was not universally accepted, and the notion of a mycobacterial etiology has never been fully dismissed. Nevertheless, it was 46 years after the distinction of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis before research attempting to reassociate mycobacteria and Crohn's disease was published. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the possible association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease due largely to the isolation of genetically identical pathogenic Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from several patients with Crohn's disease in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and France. These pathogenic organisms have been isolated from only a few patients, and direct evidence for their involvement in the disease process is not clear; however, M. paratuberculosis is an obligate intracellular organism and strict pathogen, which strongly suggests some etiologic role. Immunologic evidence of a mycobacterial etiology, as assessed by humoral immune determinations, has been conflicting, but evaluation of the more relevant cellular immunity has not been performed. Data from histochemical searches for mycobacteria in Crohn's disease tissues have been equally conflicting, with acid-fast bacilli detected in 0 to 35% of patients. Animal model studies have demonstrated the pathogenic potential of isolates as well as elucidated the complexity of mycobacterial-intestinal interactions. Treatment of Crohn's disease patients with antimycobacterial agent has not been fully assessed, although case reports suggest efficacy. The similarities in the pathology, epidemiology, and chemotherapy of Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses are discussed. The issue is fraught with controversy, and the data generated on the association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease are in their infantile stages so that a general conclusion on the legitimacy of this association cannot be made. While no firm evidence clearly implicates mycobacteria as an etiologic agent of Crohn's disease, the notion is supported by suggestive and circumstantial evidence and a remarkable similarity of Crohn's disease to known mycobacterial diseases.

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25

Shiny, A. "Computation of prime implicants using matrix and paths." Journal of Logic and Computation 8, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/8.2.135.

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26

Garribba, S., E. Guagnini, and P. Mussio. "Multiple-Valued Logic Trees: Meaning and Prime Implicants." IEEE Transactions on Reliability R-34, no. 5 (December 1985): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.1985.5222234.

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27

Di Maio, Francesco, Samuele Baronchelli, and Enrico Zio. "A Visual Interactive Method for Prime Implicants Identification." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 64, no. 2 (June 2015): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2014.2371015.

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28

Strzemecki, Tadeusz. "Polynomial-time algorithms for generation of prime implicants." Journal of Complexity 8, no. 1 (March 1992): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-064x(92)90033-8.

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29

Li, Wen, Richard E. Zinbarg, Stephan G. Boehm, and Ken A. Paller. "Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Affective Priming from Unconsciously Perceived Emotional Facial Expressions and the Influence of Trait Anxiety." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20006.

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Affective judgments can often be influenced by emotional information people unconsciously perceive, but the neural mechanisms responsible for these effects and how they are modulated by individual differences in sensitivity to threat are unclear. Here we studied subliminal affective priming by recording brain potentials to surprise faces preceded by 30-msec happy or fearful prime faces. Participants showed valence-consistent changes in affective ratings of surprise faces, although they reported no knowledge of prime-face expressions, nor could they discriminate between prime-face expressions in a forced-choice test. In conjunction with the priming effect on affective evaluation, larger occipital P1 potentials at 145–175 msec were found with fearful than with happy primes, and source analyses implicated the bilateral extrastriate cortex in this effect. Later brain potentials at 300–400 msec were enhanced with happy versus fearful primes, which may reflect differential attentional orienting. Personality testing for sensitivity to threat, especially social threat, was also used to evaluate individual differences potentially relevant to subliminal affective priming. Indeed, participants with high trait anxiety demonstrated stronger affective priming and greater P1 differences than did those with low trait anxiety, and these effects were driven by fearful primes. Results thus suggest that unconsciously perceived affective information influences social judgments by altering very early perceptual analyses, and that this influence is accentuated to the extent that people are oversensitive to threat. In this way, perception may be subject to a variety of influences that govern social preferences in the absence of concomitant awareness of such influences.

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30

Babini, Maurizio. "II Diario del primo amore di Giacomo Leopardi: lettura dello scritto leopardiano con l´ausilio della psicoanalisi." Revista de Italianística, no. 6-7 (July 30, 2003): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-8281.v0i6-7p97-112.

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No Diario del primo amore Giacomo Leopardi analisa de maneira quase psicanalitica seu "innamoramento" pela prima Gertrude Cassi Lazzari. O Diario parece revelar, com riqueza de detalhe, o conflito interior que atormentou Leopardi no longínquo dezembro de 1817. Partindo da análise da relação com Gertrude e da "paixão amorosa" de Leopardi, apontaremos as implicações psicanalíticas que afloram da leitura do Diario.

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31

Hayase, K. "OBDDs of a Monotone Function and Its Prime Implicants." Theory of Computing Systems 31, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002240000104.

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32

Raut, Manoj K., and Arindama Singh. "Prime implicants of first order formulas via transversal clauses." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 81, no. 2 (February 2004): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160310001650071.

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33

Wiśniewski, R., Ł. Stefanowicz, G. Bazydło, and M. Węgrzyn. "Application of Hypergraphs in the Prime Implicants Selection Process." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 4 (2015): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.051.

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34

McMullen and Shearer. "Prime Implicants, Minimum Covers, and the Complexity of Logic Simplification." IEEE Transactions on Computers C-35, no. 8 (August 1986): 761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.1986.1676828.

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35

Tateyama, Masaki, Naoki Oyaizu, Thomas W. McCloskey, Soe Than, and Savita Pahwa. "CD4 T lymphocytes are primed to express Fas ligand by CD4 cross-linking and to contribute to CD8 T-cell apoptosis via Fas/FasL death signaling pathway." Blood 96, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.1.195.

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Abstract CD4 molecules serve as coreceptors for the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex that are engaged coordinately with TCR and facilitate antigen-specific T-cell activation leading to interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and proliferation. However, cross-ligation of CD4 molecules prior to TCR stimulation has been shown to prime CD4 T cells to undergo apoptosis. Although in vivo and in vitro experiments have implicated the involvement of Fas/FasL interaction in this CD4 cross-linking (CD4XL)-induced apoptosis, detailed mechanisms to account for cell death induction have not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD4XL in purified T cells not only led to Fas up-regulation but also primed CD4 T cells to express FasL upon CD3 stimulation and rendered the T cells susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Notably, in addition to CD4+ T cells, CD4XL-induced sensitization for apoptosis was observed in CD8+ T cells as well and was associated with Bcl-x down-modulation. Both CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets underwent apoptosis following cell–cell contact with FasL+ CD4 T cells. CD28 costimulation abrogated CD4XL/CD3-induced apoptosis with restoration of IL-2 production and prevented Bcl-x down-modulation. As CD4 molecules are the primary receptors for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), we conclude that HIV-1 envelope mediated CD4XL can lead to the generation of FasL-expressing CD4+ T cells that can lead to apoptosis of CD4 as well as CD8 T cells. These findings implicate a novel mechanism for CD8 T-cell depletion in HIV disease.

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36

Tateyama, Masaki, Naoki Oyaizu, Thomas W. McCloskey, Soe Than, and Savita Pahwa. "CD4 T lymphocytes are primed to express Fas ligand by CD4 cross-linking and to contribute to CD8 T-cell apoptosis via Fas/FasL death signaling pathway." Blood 96, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.1.195.013k51_195_202.

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CD4 molecules serve as coreceptors for the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex that are engaged coordinately with TCR and facilitate antigen-specific T-cell activation leading to interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and proliferation. However, cross-ligation of CD4 molecules prior to TCR stimulation has been shown to prime CD4 T cells to undergo apoptosis. Although in vivo and in vitro experiments have implicated the involvement of Fas/FasL interaction in this CD4 cross-linking (CD4XL)-induced apoptosis, detailed mechanisms to account for cell death induction have not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD4XL in purified T cells not only led to Fas up-regulation but also primed CD4 T cells to express FasL upon CD3 stimulation and rendered the T cells susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Notably, in addition to CD4+ T cells, CD4XL-induced sensitization for apoptosis was observed in CD8+ T cells as well and was associated with Bcl-x down-modulation. Both CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets underwent apoptosis following cell–cell contact with FasL+ CD4 T cells. CD28 costimulation abrogated CD4XL/CD3-induced apoptosis with restoration of IL-2 production and prevented Bcl-x down-modulation. As CD4 molecules are the primary receptors for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), we conclude that HIV-1 envelope mediated CD4XL can lead to the generation of FasL-expressing CD4+ T cells that can lead to apoptosis of CD4 as well as CD8 T cells. These findings implicate a novel mechanism for CD8 T-cell depletion in HIV disease.

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37

Amengual, Jennifer E. "Can we use epigenetics to prime chemoresistant lymphomas?" Hematology 2020, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2020000092.

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Abstract Chemoresistance remains a challenging clinical problem in the treatment of many lymphoma patients. Epigenetic derangements have been implicated in both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. Mutations in epigenetic processes shift entire networks of signaling pathways. They influence tumor suppressors, the DNA-damage response, cell-cycle regulators, and apoptosis. Epigenetic alterations have also been implicated in contributing to immune evasion. Although increased DNA methylation at CpG sites is the most widely studied alteration, increased histone methylation and decreased histone acetylation have also been implicated in stem-like characteristics and highly aggressive disease states as demonstrated in both preclinical models of lymphoma and patient studies. These changes are nonrandom, occur in clusters, and are observed across many lymphoma subtypes. Although caution must be taken when combining epigenetic therapies with other antineoplastic agents, epigenetic therapies have rarely induced clinical meaningful responses as single agents. Epigenetic priming of chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies in lymphoma patients may create opportunities to overcome resistance.

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Kristal, B. "Primed neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular injury." American Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 11 (November 2001): A257—A258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02011-8.

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39

Sloan, Robert H., Balázs Szörényi, and György Turán. "On k-Term DNF with the Largest Number of Prime Implicants." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 21, no. 4 (January 2008): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/050632026.

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40

Maio, Francesco Di, Samuele Baronchelli, and Enrico Zio. "A Computational Framework for Prime Implicants Identification in Noncoherent Dynamic Systems." Risk Analysis 35, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.12251.

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41

Chukhrov, I. P. "Connected Boolean Functions with a Locally Extremal Number of Prime Implicants." Journal of Applied and Industrial Mathematics 15, no. 1 (February 2021): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990478921010038.

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42

Booth, Ben B. B., Nick J. Dunstone, Paul R. Halloran, Timothy Andrews, and Nicolas Bellouin. "Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability." Nature 484, no. 7393 (April 4, 2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10946.

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43

Jacques, P. S., B. M. Wöhrl, M. Ottmann, J. L. Darlix, and S. F. Le Grice. "Mutating the “primer grip” of p66 HIV-1 reverse transcriptase implicates tryptophan-229 in template-primer utilization." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 42 (October 1994): 26472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47218-3.

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44

Zhou, Tao, Alex M. Murphy, Mathew G. Lewsey, Jack H. Westwood, Heng-Mu Zhang, Inmaculada González, Tomás Canto, and John P. Carr. "Domains of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b silencing suppressor protein affecting inhibition of salicylic acid-induced resistance and priming of salicylic acid accumulation during infection." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.063461-0.

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The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b silencing suppressor protein allows the virus to overcome resistance to replication and local movement in inoculated leaves of plants treated with salicylic acid (SA), a resistance-inducing plant hormone. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants systemically infected with CMV, the 2b protein also primes the induction of SA biosynthesis during this compatible interaction. We found that CMV infection of susceptible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) also induced SA accumulation. Utilization of mutant 2b proteins expressed during infection of tobacco showed that the N- and C-terminal domains, which had previously been implicated in regulation of symptom induction, were both required for subversion of SA-induced resistance, while all mutants tested except those affecting the putative phosphorylation domain had lost the ability to prime SA accumulation and expression of the SA-induced marker gene PR-1.

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45

Castelo Branco, Samantha. "História Oral: reflexões sobre aplicações e implicações." Novos Rumos Sociológicos 8, no. 13 (August 9, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/norus.v8i13.18488.

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Nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento, pesquisadores dispõem de variadas opções metodológicas para realizar suas investigações. A História Oral (HO) emerge como possibilidade metodológica em meados do século XX e, no caso brasileiro, vem sendo utilizada em estudos científicos desde a década de 1970. Diretamente associada à noção de memória, esse método se apoia em testemunhos e depoimentos orais, possibilitando a manifestação de fontes normalmente excluídas dos relatos oficiais. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva abordar a HO como opção metodológica, bem como refletir sobre suas aplicações e implicações, além de problematizar aspectos éticos e técnicos relacionados a essa metodologia. Recorrendo-se à pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de autores como Alberti (1990, 2005), Joutard (1999; 2006), Meihy (1998; 2006), Portelli (2001; 2016) e Thompson (2002), expõe-se, ainda, orientações que podem ser adotadas pelos pesquisadores nas fases de planejamento, coleta e análise dos depoimentos, de modo que o entrevistador prime pelo seu papel dialógico e possa conferir, à produção de conhecimento, riqueza e profundidade.

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46

Yoon, Hye Jin. "Creating the mood for humor: arousal level priming in humor advertising." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2017-2074.

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Purpose Surprise has been recognized as a key process in humor. Past studies have seldom tested elements that could increase the surprise in humor advertising, subsequently increasing perceived humor and positive ad outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to test the effects of priming a lower arousal baseline before humor ad exposure. It proposed that this would generate greater humor ad surprise because of contrast effects, leading to greater perceived humor and positive ad effects. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments tested the effects of arousal and valence of primes on humor ads. Attention, perceived humor and ad effectiveness of the humor ads were measured. Findings Evidence of lower (vs higher) arousal primes leading to greater humor ad evaluations was found across three experiments. Felt arousal of the ad mediated the relationship between the prime conditions and perceived humor. Originality/value No study has focused on context effects of the unique process of humor ads. This study advanced the arousal theory of incongruity-resolution humor and further emphasized the role of surprise. The findings implicate that the surroundings of the humor ad could increase its effectiveness.

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Cardona Prieto, Marcela. "Me miro, me ves, nos implicamos..." Infancias Imágenes 16, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/16579089.9939.

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Este dibujando escribo trata de establecer de qué manera construye pensamiento Tomás, desde lo dibujado y lo escrito, durante el primer año de formación escolar (2013). Entendiendo este sujeto de análisis como un sujeto de experiencia, desde la mirada de François Dubet, en una conversación constante, mirando, viendo, dejándose ver, implicándose con este otro en una doble vía de co-implicación. En el presente artículo doy cuenta de los conceptos que son transversales a las tres categorías enunciadas: lo dibujado, lo escrito y lo pensado, así como del concepto de sujeto-niño desde el que me posiciono. Parto de los conceptos frontera e interculturalidad, desde donde intento mirar y ver para implicarme.

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48

Boufkhad, Y., and O. Dubois. "Length of prime implicants and number of solutions of random CNF formulae." Theoretical Computer Science 215, no. 1-2 (February 1999): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(95)00184-0.

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49

Yau, Michael, George Apostolakis, and Sergio Guarro. "The use of prime implicants in dependability analysis of software controlled systems." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 62, no. 1-2 (October 1998): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(98)00002-7.

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50

Prescott, Rasa Remenyte, and John D. Andrews. "Prime implicants for modularised non-coherent fault trees using binary decision diagrams." International Journal of Reliability and Safety 1, no. 4 (2007): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijrs.2007.016259.

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