Academic literature on the topic 'Primitive reflex'
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Journal articles on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Scherzer, Alfred L. "Primitive Reflex Profile." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 27, no. 1 (November 12, 2008): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1985.tb04532.x.
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Stephens-Sarlós, Erzsébet. "The relationship between primitive reflex profile and development of vestibular maturity in early school years." Exercise and Quality of Life 16, no. 2 (December 6, 2024): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.31382/eqol.241202.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Previous research indicates that vestibular perception is related to muscle tone regulation. Muscle tone influences auditory and visual perception. Research findings suggest that the functioning of primitive reflexes affects the maturation and condition of the vestibular organ. The goal of the study is to examine whether the primitive reflex profile can be influenced by appropriate exercises and whether inhibition of persistent primitive reflexes affects vestibular functions. The sample consisted of 506 children aged 5&ndash;8 years (237 boys and 269 girls). In kindergartens and schools, 443 participants performed reflex inhibition exercises 3&ndash;5 times a week for 7 months. A control group of 63 individuals attended only regular PE lessons. Input and output results were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, and effect sizes were calculated. Input primitive reflex profile and vestibular maturity: not significant. Effect size: primitive reflex profile: 0.109; vestibular maturity: 0.052. Output: primitive reflex profile: p &lt;0.001; vestibular maturity: p &lt;0.001. Effect size: primitive reflex profile: 0.572; vestibular maturity: 0.306. The results obtained with appropriate non-parametric measurements show that children participating in the intervention achieved statistically significantly higher scores in all tested variables of primitive reflex profile and vestibular maturity compared to the control group. The children in the intervention group showed significant improvement in both primitive reflex profile and vestibular maturity: p &lt;0.001; effect size: primitive reflex profile: 0.714; effect size: vestibular maturity: 0.664; while there was no significant improvement in the control group: effect size primitive reflex profile: 0.01; vestibular maturity: 0.06. We found a strong, significant correlation between the inhibition of primitive reflexes and vestibular maturity: r=0.000; rho (&rho;)=0.000. Based on this study we recommend incorporating these exercises into physical education for 5&ndash;8-year-old children.</p>
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Calvin, Nicholas, and Yetty Ramli. "Detecting neurodevelopmental problems in children aged 1-5 years using the simple parent-reported screening tool in combination with primitive reflex assessment." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 31–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.1.2020.31-6.
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Background The Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan/DPsQ (Developmental Pre-screening Questionnaire/DPsQ) is a series of questions and instructions used as a developmental screening tool for children aged 3 months to 6 years. However, the DPsQ cannot fully detect the soft signs of future neurological disorders. However, the retained primitive reflex assessment as an adjunct to the DPsQ may be useful for such detection.
Objective To determine whether assessing for retained primitive reflexes can add to the usefulness of DPsQ as a neurodevelopmental screen in children aged 1 to 5 years.
Methods This cross-sectional study included children aged 1-5 years. Developmental screening was done using the DPsQ and retained primitive reflex assessment was performed using the Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP) screening and scoring guideline.
Results Of 46 subjects, 56.8% of children with normal DPsQ scores had not retained primitive reflexes, while 88.9% of children with suspect DPsQ score had retained primitive reflexes. Hence, children with suspect DPsQ score had a 10.5 times higher chance of retaining primitive reflexes (OR 10.50; 95%CI 1.19 to 92.73; P=0.034). Furthermore, 66.7-77.8% of children with suspect DPsQ score had retained the Moro reflex, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), and symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR). Neither gender nor age were significantly associated with either suspect DPsQ score or the presence of retained primitive reflexes.
Conclusion The DPsQ results correlate to integration of primitive reflexes, with 10.50 greater odds of children with ‘suspect’ DPsQ scores to have retained primitive reflexes. As such, retained primitive reflexes is not useful as a primary screen for future neurological problems. However, a high percentage of children (43.2%) with normal DPsQ scores also have retained primitive reflexes.
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Dr.Heena Pranavsinh Rathod, Dr. Anil Kumar Mishra, and Dr. Sneha Somrajan. "Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: Persistence of Primitive Reflexes and Related Motor Activity Issues." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 6, no. 07 (July 13, 2024): 2170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0318.
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To identify which primitive reflex is higher and its associated problem with motor performance in children with ADHD.14 children with ADHD (4–6 years old) from pediatric clinic of Surat were checked for the presence of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex, symmetric tonic neck reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex, Palmer, Galant, and Moro reflex test method given by sally Goddard. Motor skills were checked with the motor proficiency test (MOT 4–6 test) in those18 tasks. A child with ADHD has reflex activity in the following areas: ATNR right (42.9%), Galan right (21.4%), STNR extension (28.6%), and Moro (35.7%). Motor skills are inversely related to retained permeative reflex. ADHD Children with increased reflex activity facing difficulty on the MOT test. This study shows that ADHD symptoms are closely linked with persistence of primitive reflexes. The association between persisting primitive reflexes and motor skills suggests that ADHD symptoms may represent a compensation for unfinished developmental phases related to declining reflexes.
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Hendrik, H. D. "Sucking-pads and primitive sucking reflex." Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 6, no. 4 (2013): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/npm-1372413.
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DUBOWITZ, V. "How primitive is the Moro reflex?" European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 1, no. 5-6 (1997): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3798(97)80034-7.
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Katona, Ferenc. "How primitive is the Moro reflex?" European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 2, no. 2 (January 1998): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3798(98)80050-0.
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Capute, Arnold J., Bruce K. Shapiro, Pasquale J. Accardo, Renee C. Wachtel, Alan Ross, and Frederick B. Palmer. "Motor Functions: Associated Primitive Reflex Profiles." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 24, no. 6 (November 12, 2008): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13677.x.
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Futagi, Yasuyuki, Yasuhisa Toribe, and Yasuhiro Suzuki. "The Grasp Reflex and Moro Reflex in Infants: Hierarchy of Primitive Reflex Responses." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/191562.
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The plantar grasp reflex is of great clinical significance, especially in terms of the detection of spasticity. The palmar grasp reflex also has diagnostic significance. This grasp reflex of the hands and feet is mediated by a spinal reflex mechanism, which appears to be under the regulatory control of nonprimary motor areas through the spinal interneurons. This reflex in human infants can be regarded as a rudiment of phylogenetic function. The absence of the Moro reflex during the neonatal period and early infancy is highly diagnostic, indicating a variety of compromised conditions. The center of the reflex is probably in the lower region of the pons to the medulla. The phylogenetic meaning of the reflex remains unclear. However, the hierarchical interrelation among these primitive reflexes seems to be essential for the arboreal life of monkey newborns, and the possible role of the Moro reflex in these newborns was discussed in relation to the interrelationship.
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Muji Murtiningsih, Yuly Peristiowati, Agusta Dian Ellina, Nurwijayanti, and Ratna Wardani. "Effect of ATNR (Asymetrical Tonic Neck Reflexs) Primitive Reflexs on Postural Control and Focus of Children Aged 5-8 Years at the Touch Care Mataram Physiotherapy Clinic." Journal Of Nursing Practice 8, no. 2 (January 30, 2025): 448–54. https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v8i2.733.
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Background: Primitive reflexes affect emotional development, because in a healthy and well-developed brain, the baby will slowly integrate primitive reflexes naturally into a mature developed reflex pattern. In early childhood, children have begun to enter early childhood education, and the occurrence of postural disorders can occur due to the use of the wrong backpack, various types of movement behavior, physical activity and sports including genetic factors. Purpose: Analyze the effect of ATNR primitive reflex on postural control and focus of children aged 5-8 years at Touch Care physiotherapy clinic. Methods: Quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. This study was conducted at the Touchcare Mataram Physiotherapy clinic with a population of children aged 5-8 years who came to the TouchCare physiotherapy clinic to examine / consult. Sample determination using purposive sampling with the results of 102 children. Results: The results of the study based on hypothesis testing were 0.011 for postural control, which means that there is an effect of ATNR primitive reflexes on postural control in children aged 5-8 years. The focus variable has a significance level of 0.647, which means that the ATNR variable has no effect on the focus of children aged 5-8 years. The posture variable has a significance level of 0.155, which means that the ATNR primitive reflex variable has no effect on the posture of children aged 5-8 years. Conclusion: There is an influence between ATNR primitive reflex with postural control, posture and focus of children aged 5-8 years at Touchcare Mataram Physiotherapy clinic.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Bastiere, Julie. "Influence des réflexes primitifs sur les blessures, les performances athlétiques et technico-tactiques des footballeurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PAST3003.
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Les réflexes primitifs (RPs) sont des réponses automatiques intégrées durant la petite enfance par le système nerveux central. Cette thèse explore l'impact des RPs sur les compétences technico-tactiques et les blessures chez les footballeurs au sein d'un centre de formation. Six études ont été menées sur trois saisons dans une académie de football pour évaluer l'activité de quatre RPs et leurs effets sur les capacités athlétiques, technico-tactiques, ainsi que sur l'incidence des blessures. Les résultats montrent que plus des deux tiers des joueurs présentent une activité persistante de ces réflexes, avec une incidence plus marquée chez les joueurs surclassés. Bien que les RPs n'aient pas d'impact direct sur l'incidence ou la gravité des blessures, les résultats indiquent qu'une activité plus élevée des RPs est associée à un temps de réhabilitation prolongé avant la reprise des entraînements (+9,7 jours). Par ailleurs, l'activité des RPs n'affecte pas significativement les performances athlétiques lors des tests, mais elle est corrélée à une diminution des compétences technico-tactiques (ex. réussite diminuée de 31,8% pour les passes en zone de finition et de 26,0% pour les duels aériens). Nos travaux soulignent l'importance d'intégrer les aspects neurodéveloppementaux dans l'évaluation des footballeurs afin d'optimiser leurs performances globales. Elle ouvre également la voie à de nouvelles approches d'entraînement ciblant l'intégration des RPs pour améliorer non seulement les performances sportives, mais aussi favoriser la prévention des blessures et le retour au sport après blessurePrimitive reflexes (PRs) are automatic responses integrated during early childhood by the central nervous system. This dissertation explores the impact of PRs on technical-tactical skills and injuries among football players in a training academy. Six studies were conducted over three seasons in a football academy to evaluate the activity of four PRs and their effects on athletic abilities, technical-tactical skills, and injury incidence. Results show that over two-thirds of players exhibit persistent reflex activity, with a higher prevalence in players competing above their age category. While PRs do not have a direct impact on injury incidence or severity, higher PR activity is associated with prolonged rehabilitation time before returning to training (+9.7 days). Furthermore, PR activity does not significantly affect athletic performance in tests but correlates with reduced technical-tactical skills (e.g., a 31.8% decrease in passing accuracy in the final third and a 26.0% reduction in aerial duel success). This work highlights the importance of integrating neurodevelopmental aspects into football player assessments to optimize overall performance. It also paves the way for new training approaches targeting PR integration to enhance not only sports performance but also injury prevention and return-to-sport outcomes
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Burda, Jan. "Návrh a měření parametrů akustických difúzních prvků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377009.
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This work focuses on the issue of acoustic diffusers. The introductory chapter describes the necessary theory of the sound distribution through enclosed space. Acoustic fields are also described. A description of the different diffusion element types and theirs design methods follows. It focuses mainly on design, which uses pseudo-random mathematical sequences. The aim of the work is to produce several types of acoustic diffusors and to verify their diffusion properties by means of measurements. The work uses the AFMG Reflex to simulate the diffusion properties of the proposed elements. Further, the thesis contains a description of the diffusion properties measurement process by the boundary plane method and the process of evaluating the measured data using the Matlab program.
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Herring, Ingrid. "Le reflet des valeurs sociales et culturelles romaines traditionnelles dans la théologie pélagienne." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100025.
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Cette thèse cherche à montrer le caractère traditionnel romain de la théologie pélagienne, et les valeurs aristocratiques romaines s'y reflétant. Elle donne une brève explication théologique de certains concepts caractérisant à la fois cette théologie, et la mentalité romaine séculière. Elle analyse l'aspect légaliste romain en montrant l'importance donnée à la loi divine, son rôle, la place des notions d'équité et du mérite dans celle-ci, ainsi que son aspect contractuel. Elle montre aussi, au sein de cette théologie la mentalité utilitaire, la notion de justice et de rétribution, et enfin la fonction du châtiment avec sa valeur dissuasive. L'éthique aristocratique transposée dans cette théologie est manifeste par son esprit élitiste et par l'importance donnée à la culture. L'ascétisme pélagien, ainsi que certains concepts stoi͏̈ciens, y sont analysés. Cette thèse prend en compte le point de vue des différents auteurs pélagiensThe object of this thesis is to show the traditional Roman character of Pelagian theology and identify the Roman aristocratic values expressed in Pelagian views. A brief theological explanation of certain concepts that characterize this theology as well as secular Roman attitudes is given. The legal and traditional Roman aspect of Pelagian theology is then analysed, showing the importance of the notion of law and its role, the concept of equity and merit in divine law, the contractual aspect of Pelagian theology and its utilitarian character, the concept of justice and retribution and lastly the purpose of punishment as a detterent to crime. The way Pelagians appropriate traditional Roman aristocratic values is examined i. E. Their elitist attitude, their approach to ascetism, the influence of cerrain Stoic concepts, and the importance of culture and wisdom. This thesis examines the views of various Pelagian authors
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Forrest, Diane S. "Prevalence of retained primitive reflexes in patients with anxiety disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28040.
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Anxiety is not only one of the mental health disorders most commonly referred to clinicians, but is also a research interest, producing subsequent modification in treatment approaches. However, there are suggestions in the literature that the effectiveness of some psychological treatments have not been systematically evaluated (Department of Health, 2001), or that treatment studies have employed methods unrepresentative of everyday clinical practice (World Health Organization.2000). Furthermore, from analysis of outcome studies, psychological therapies have been reported as effective for only half of those treated (Fisher & Durham, 1999). These findings suggest that there are individuals with anxiety who fail to respond to available therapies, and that alternative approaches for this group are not well studied. Anxiety is not only one of the mental health disorders most commonly referred to clinicians, but is also a research interest, producing subsequent modification in treatment approaches. However, there are suggestions in the literature that the effectiveness of some psychological treatments have not been systematically evaluated (Department of Health, 2001), or that treatment studies have employed methods unrepresentative of everyday clinical practice (World Health Organization.2000). Furthermore, from analysis of outcome studies, psychological therapies have been reported as effective for only half of those treated (Fisher & Durham, 1999). These findings suggest that there are individuals with anxiety who fail to respond to available therapies, and that alternative approaches for this group are not well studied. tests employed in the study. From analysis of all individual test scores, two of these, detecting involvement of labyrinthine processes, resulted in the highest scores. The findings from analysis of resulting data are discussed in relation to implications for future study and further use of the measures with differing populations.
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Vreeling, Fred Willem. "Primitive reflexes in healthy adults and neurological patients a methodological and clinical study /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5905.
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BENEZECH, CATHERINE. "L'infection urinaire et le reflux vesico-ureteral primitif chez l'enfant premature." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3055.
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Johansson, Annika, and Katarina Gozzi. "Rörelse och motorik i förskola och förskoleklass : Förskollärares medvetenhet och kunskap kring motorisk träning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22239.
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Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på om förskollärare i förskola och förskoleklass arbetar medvetet med motorik och rörelse för att främja barns inlärning och utveckling. Det finns forskning som visar att barn idag är mer stillasittande än förut och att det hämmar deras motoriska utveckling och koncentrationsförmåga. Frågeställningen är vilken kunskap förskollärarna har om barns motorik, om kunskapen skiljer sig mellan dem och om de medvetet använder motorisk träning i deras verksamheter. För att ta reda på resultatet gjordes en kvalitativ forskning med åtta förskollärare som intervjuades enskilt där intervjufrågorna var öppna för att ge förskollärarna möjlighet att utveckla sina svar. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna har viss kunskap om barns motoriska utveckling och arbetar aktivt för att främja fortsatt fysisk aktivitet, men det är få som arbetar vidare medvetet med barns specifika svagheter. Forskning visar att det är viktigt att barn har utvecklat de grundläggande motoriska färdigheterna och integrerat vissa reflexer innan skolstart för att kunna tillgodogöra sig nya kunskaper. Det finns mycket observationsmaterial att tillgå men undersökningen visar att det är få förskollärare som använder sig av det. Resultatet visar också att förskollärarnas utbildningar skiljer sig en del men att flera har eget intresse kring motorik och hälsa vilket betyder att deras verksamheter visar en mer tydlig medvetenhet kring vikten av motorisk rörelse.
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Martin, Pascal. "Le reflux vesico-ureteral primitif chez l'enfant : etude retrospective de 164 dossiers des services de pediatrie de clermont-ferrand entre 1977 et 1985." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF13044.
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Dobremez, Eric. "Le méga-uretère primitif obstructif de l'enfant : histoire naturelle et facteurs prédictifs. A propos d'une série de 88 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23068.
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Kemp, Johanna Jacoba. "The efficacy of the Berard Auditory Integration Training method for learners with attention difficulties / Hannelie Kemp." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12774.
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Research on the Berard Auditory Integration Training method has shown improvement in the regulation of attention, activity and impulsivity of children whose auditory system have been re-trained. Anecdotal reports have found improvements in sleeping patterns, balance, allergies, eyesight, eating patterns, depression and other seemingly unrelated physiological states. During the Auditory Integration Training (AIT) procedure dynamic music, with a wide range of frequencies, is processed through a system of filters in the AIT device. The volume and tone of the music is constantly and randomly modulated.
The researcher explored Berard AIT as a possible intervention for learners between the ages of six and twelve years, who experienced problems with sustained attention and who have difficulty in shifting their attention from task to task. The aim was to investigate if Berard AIT method would enable the learner to stay calm, relaxed yet alert, with focused attention and thus concentration with appropriate reflection before action.
An experimental quantative study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was
conducted to investigate the effect that Berard Auditory Integration Training has on learners with attention problems. Checklists and different measurements were conducted before the training started and repeated three months after the training was completed, to monitor if any change in the way that the learners pay attention, occurred the case group of ten learners was compared with ten learners in a control group who did not initially receive the intervention. Although the results of the post-tests varied amongst the learners, most learners in the experimental group experienced a statistical significant increase in attention control and a reduction in behavioural problems by the third month following the listening sessions.Thesis (M.Ed.), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
Books on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Movements that Heal: Rhythmic Movement Training and Primitive Reflex Integration. Independently Published, 2011.
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Crawling for Brain Development: A Sensory + Primitive Reflex Integration Curriculum. Independent Publisher, 2023.
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Integrating Primitive Reflexes Through Play and Exercise: An Interactive Guide to the Spinal Galant Reflex. Polaris Therapy, 2023.
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McDonald, Kokeb. Integrating Primitive Reflexes Through Play and Exercise: An Interactive Guide to the Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex. Polaris Therapy, 2022.
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Integrating Primitive Reflexes Through Play and Exercise: An Interactive Guide to the Spinal Galant Reflex. Polaris Therapy, 2023.
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Integrating Primitive Reflexes Through Play and Exercise: An Interactive Guide to the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex. Polaris Therapy, 2021.
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McDonald, Kokeb. Integrating Primitive Reflexes Through Play and Exercise: An Interactive Guide to the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex. Polaris Therapy, 2022.
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Primitive Reflex Exercises for the Cherished Learner: With Rocket Dog the Friendly Beagle. Independently Published, 2021.
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Mason, Peggy. Reflexes and Gait. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0022.
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The importance of proprioception to motor function is revealed by the dramatic story of Ian Waterman, a man who lost function in all proprioceptive and tactile spinal afferents. The circuitry of the stretch reflex, termed the deep tendon reflex in clinical circles, is described in detail. In this context, the student is introduced to load, muscle spindles, Ia afferents, α- and γ- motoneurons, and α- γ coactivation. The concept of physiological extensors and flexors is useful for understanding the role of reflexes in normal and abnormal postures. The logic and utility of reflex testing is fully explained and the Ib and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes briefly introduced. Primitive reflexes and their modulation across development and in response to stroke or disease are presented. In a final segment, movements produced by central pattern generators and refined by reflexes are illustrated by a close examination of human gait across the life cycle.
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Compston, Alastair. Development, degeneration, and regeneration of the central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0180.
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What does the nervous system do? Primitive organisms respond to threats by reflex withdrawal and explore their environment through goal-directed activities. They sense and respond to their internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis. From these origins emerge more sophisticated forms of discriminative sensation and the acquisition of special senses; precision in the efficiency of movement and coordination between separate elements of motor skills; and cognitive behaviours that anticipate, conceptualize, and enrich physical and social interactions with the environment.
Book chapters on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Mori, Hiroki, and Yasuo Kuniyoshi. "Infant’s Primitive Walking Reflex from the Perspective of Learning in the Uterus." In Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (III), 243–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4792-0_33.
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Bildt, Annelies, George M. Anderson, and Ruud Minderaa. "Primitive Reflexes." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2368–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1560.
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de Bildt, Annelies, George M. Anderson, and Ruud Minderaa. "Primitive Reflexes." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3672–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1560.
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Edwards, Sandra J., Donna B. Gallen, Jenna D. McCoy-Powlen, and Michelle A. Suarez. "Primitive Reflexes that Influence Grasp." In Hand Grasps and Manipulation Skills, 53–65. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003524496-4.
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WU, Siegfried Zhiqiang. "The Prototype of the AI City." In The Urban Book Series, 41–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2560-4_3.
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Abstract This chapter examines the evolution of urban intelligent structures and their relationship with technological advances. Urban development has progressed through four distinct stages: primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization, and ecological civilization. The characteristics of cities in each stage reflect the societal needs and technological capabilities of that era. Notably, during the ecological civilization phase, cities have gradually developed the capacity to sense, respond, and make judgments, ultimately evolving into smart cities capable of learning and self-improvement. This chapter also analyzes the pivotal technological milestones in urban development, from mechanization to AI, each of which has significantly transformed the form and function of cities. Particularly, AI technologies, including big data and cloud computing applications, have elevated urban intelligence and facilitated the transition from automation to intelligence. Future cities will possess advanced perception, analysis, and decision-making capabilities, enabling them to achieve a higher quality of life and sustainable development through continuous self-optimization. This transformation will profoundly impact urban planning, industrial distribution, and residents’ lifestyles.
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Vittersø, Joar. "Affect." In Humanistic Wellbeing, 79–144. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69292-5_3.
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Abstract The term affect is used in a multitude of ways in the wellbeing literature, and this chapter identifies three diverging clusters of definitions. One considers affect to be an umbrella term, a top-down concept under which moods, emotions, feelings, and other kinds of affect are taxonomically organized. A second group of definitions holds affect to be a bottom-up phenomenon. Here, affect is taken to be a fundamental or primitive building block, a “natural kind” that is present in all other concepts referred to as affective or emotional. On this view, an emotion is not a kind of affect but contains affect as one of its constituents. The third cluster of affect definitions uses affect as a synonym for other concepts, such as moods, emotions, or feelings. The HTW uses affect as an umbrella term, and the chapter proceeds by surveying the major kinds of affect, such as temperament, mood, emotion, feeling, and evaluation. For emotions, three groups of theories are examined. They consider emotions to be basic, continuous, or constructed, respectively. Among the presented approaches, one of the basic theories, referred to as the communicative theory of emotions, appears to be the most promising. The theory offers a list of nine basic emotions, among which the “big four” of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are the best exemplars. According to the communicative theory, basic emotions are psychological primitives and therefore cannot be separated into lower-level states that are not themselves emotions. A feeling state is part of an emotion but is not limited to emotions. In contrast to emotions, feelings are always present in a conscious mind, and they reflect what it is like to have a subjective experience on a moment-to-moment basis. A feeling informs us if we are OK or in need of tending, and it comprises four components: valence (pleasure/displeasure) tells us how good a stimulus is; quality identifies the nature of what we are feeling; intensity accounts for the importance of the feeling; and duration tells us how long a feeling is lasting. An evaluation is another kind of affect; it represents a valuation mechanism and is quite similar to a feeling in terms of functions. However, evaluations are not restricted to being consciously experienced and can be integrated into other mental processes, such as perception. A promising approach has been developed by Shizgal, and it suggests that a good-bad evaluation interacts with nonevaluative dimensions to generate a value judgment. The last part of the paper provides an account of emotional happiness and emotional interest. Emotional happiness has many different meanings, but two major conceptualizations are easily identified. One associates happiness with active goal pursuits and with the execution of plans that are progressing well. The second conceptualization links happiness with low-effort activities and with goal achievement and the fulfillment of needs. The HTW refers to happiness in this latter sense as a harmony feeling. Emotional interest is related to learning and exploring unfamiliar territory. It often occurs when we are confronted with a challenge and when skills are developed. Interest therefore belongs to a category called “opportunity feelings.” Harmony feelings differ from opportunity feelings both functionally and phenomenologically. Hence, it is unfortunate that mainstream wellbeing research tends to collapse them both into the grab-bag notion of “positive affect.”
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Norman, Marc D. "The 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os Radiogenic Isotope Systems: Techniques and Applications to Metallogenic Systems." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 89–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_4.
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AbstractRhenium, Os, and Pt are redox sensitive elements that are concentrated in highly reducing environments such as those associated with black shales but mobile under more oxidizing conditions such as those associated with arc volcanism. They are chalcophile in many terrestrial ore-forming environments, and their isotopic systematics provide unique opportunities to date the formation of sulfide ore deposits and understand their petrogenesis. Fractional crystallization of magmatic sulfide ores generates primary variations in Re/Os and Pt/Os that allow mineral and whole rock isochron ages to be determined and discrimination of crustal and mantle sources based on initial Os isotopic compositions. Molybdenite is especially well suited for geochronology due to its high Re/Os and resistance to resetting. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite tend to reflect the composition or provenance of the ore-forming fluids, with higher concentrations associated with more primitive sources or more oxidized fluids and lower concentrations with more evolved and/or reduced conditions, although local and regional factors also have a significant influence. Many studies have used pyrite for dating but its typically low Re concentration, variable initial Os isotopic composition (reflecting fluid mxing), and susceptibility to re-equilibration makes its use as a geochronometer problematic in many cases. Other sulfide minerals such as bornite and arsenopyrite have shown promise for Re–Os isotope geochronology but additional studies are needed to evaluate their broader applicability for dating of ore deposits. The isobaric beta decay of parent isotope 187Re to 187Os has restricted investigation of this system by microbeam techniques such as ion microprobe or laser ablation mass spectrometry, especially for geochronology. This requires either chemically processing the sample to separate the elements or novel techniques such as collision-cells that preferentially ionize the Re and Os during the analysis. Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) are the most widely applied techniques for Re-Pt-Os isotopic analyses. Specialized techniques for sample digestion to ensure redox equilibrium between Os in the sample and the isotopically enriched spikes used for isotope dilution measurements are typically required. This chapter briefly reviews development of the 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os isotopic systems for earth science, physico-chemical controls on their behavior in ore-forming environments, and applications to metallogenic systems.
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Vittersø, Joar. "Hedonia." In Humanistic Wellbeing, 183–220. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69292-5_5.
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Abstract Hedonia is strictly speaking about pleasure and this chapter starts with reviewing that concept. The wellbeing literature defines pleasure in a variety of ways; it can, for instance, refer to a bodily sensation, a kind of feeling, an attitude, or an overarching referent for positive affect. The most stringent conceptualization of pleasure is offered in affective neuroscience. Most neuroscientists consider pleasure to be a specific attribute of a feeling state, a mental and evaluative property that tells an organism that it is functioning well, that the current situation is in harmony, and no urgent task needs to be taken care of right now. On this view, pleasure is a spontaneous valuation mechanism that gives us a rough idea about what is good in our lives. Hedonism refers to several philosophical theories that identify pleasure (and the absence of pain) as the only intrinsic—or noninstrumental—value in human life, and that being well means to maximizing pleasure (and minimizing pain). Some hedonic-oriented philosophers speak of enjoyment and suffering rather than pleasure and pain, but it is unclear what is meant by these terms. The lack of conceptual consensus poses a problem for hedonism since the different approaches do not agree on what a hedonist is supposed to maximize. Other objections against hedonism have been raised. One regards the so-called philosophy of swine debate, which can be explained as follows. If the amount of pleasure is quantified as an integral of the intensity and duration of pleasure, an extremely long life filled with low-intensity pleasure will outperform a short life of intense pleasure. Hence, if pleasure maximization is the only good, the life of a primitive organism experiencing barely noticeable pleasure during a time span of 1000 years must be better than the life of an extremely pleasant, but only 70 years long, human life. These numbers are arbitrary, but for a unidimensional feeling quality, there will always be a cutoff between intensity and duration. Only by introducing a distinction between higher and lower pleasures could John Stuart Mill solve the problem and argue that “it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied” (Mill, 2001, p. 9). However, with two qualitatively distinct pleasures, the maximization argument vanishes. Another objection against hedonism pursues Nozick’s notion of an experience machine. The machine offers to lock you up in a tank that is programmed to give you all the imaginable experiences you wish for. The downside is that you must stay in the machine for the rest of your life. Although the experience machine is a playful idea, it has not had the devastating effect on hedonism that Nozick hoped for. There are simply too many alternative ways of interpreting the thought experiment to make it useful. Hedonism was born long before the biological and social sciences. Today, confronted with modern knowledge, it is difficult to see this old doctrine as anything but an anachronism. A scientific understanding of pleasure and other valuation mechanisms is inconsistent with the idea that pleasure (net of pain) is the only noninstrumental value in life. The chapter ends by exploring the concept of hedonic wellbeing (HWB). HWB was introduced as a synonym for SWB and is defined as a combination of high life satisfaction, more positive affect, and less negative affect. Objections have been raised against the inclusion of life satisfaction as a component of a hedonic term, and some researchers therefore restrict HWB to be a composite of positive affect and negative affect. The humanistic theory of wellbeing uses the term HWB as the common name for two wellbeing indicators, referred to as harmony feelings (tranquility, contentment, happiness, and high pleasure) and spontaneous judgments (life satisfaction, domain satisfactions, and the presence of meaning in life).
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"Primitive Reflex." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5623. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_301814.
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deBoisblanc, Charles, and Alan D. Kaye. "Brainstem." In Basic Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 486–87. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584569.003.0195.
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Abstract The brainstem, responsible for many primitive reflexes, is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla, each of which performs critical roles in homeostasis. This chapter examines the anatomy and function of each region, as well as reviewing the brainstem’s role in postoperative nausea and emesis. Postoperative nausea and vomiting are, in part, related to the chemoreceptor trigger zone, located within the medullary area postrema; this area and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla constitute the most significant components of the vomiting center. Emetogenic substances activate receptors within the chemoreceptor trigger zone, and this signal is conducted to the nucleus tractus solitarius, which activates the vomiting reflex.
Conference papers on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Pessotti, Luciene. "Patrimônio ambiental urbano de Vitória: rupturas e permanências do traçado colonial na contemporaneidade." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5997.
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A pesquisa de pós-doutoramento desenvolvida entre 2009/2011 abordou a temática do Patrimônio
Cultural Urbano e sua relação com a paisagem cultural. Teve-se como objeto de estudo a Cidade de
Vitória, capital do Espírito Santo, que foi fundada em 1551 e passou por diversas transformações. O
tema visa refletir sobre o Patrimônio Ambiental de Vitória, ou seja, as rupturas e permanências do
traçado colonial na contemporaneidade e pressupõe a abordagem sobre a formação urbana da
primitiva sede da capitania do Espírito Santo, Brasil, na longa duração, e sobre os processos que
influenciaram em sua configuração espacial e paisagística.
Além disto, esta reflexão permitiu constatar quais as permanências urbanas da antiga vila na cidade
de hoje, isto é, o que na contemporaneidade constitui o patrimônio ambiental urbano de Vitória, suas
origens e referências.
A noção de patrimônio ambiental abordada na pesquisa está relacionada ao processo de construção
cultural, constantemente transformada pela interação do homem com seu habitat. Este processo de
acumulação sucessiva é denominado de construção cultural. Research postdoctoral developed between 2009/2011 addressed the theme of Urban Cultural
Heritage and its relation to the cultural landscape. Had as object of study the City of Vitoria, capital of
Espírito Santo, which was founded in 1551 and has undergone several transformations. The theme
aims to reflect on the Environmental Heritage Victory, namely. , ruptures and continuities traced in
colonial and contemporary approach presupposes on urban formation of primitive seat of the
Captaincy of the Espírito Santo, Brazil , in the long term , and the processes that influenced his space
and landscape configuration.
Moreover, this reflection have revealed which urban permanence of the ancient village in the city
today, namely, what constitutes the contemporary urban environmental heritage Victory, its origins
and references.
The concept of environmental equity addressed in the research is related to the cultural construction
process, constantly transformed by the interaction between man and his habitat. This process is called
successive accumulation of cultural construction
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Lomidze, Tamar. "Philosophy and Poetry (Fichte and Baratashvili)." In XII Congress of the ICLA. Georgian Comparative Literature Association, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62119/icla.3.8953.
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As a result of the semantic research carried out in the 20th century, it was found that `me' is an undefined word. Namely, the author of the original semantic theory, A. Wierzbicka aimed to identify those semantic units (`primitives') which are in themselves unexplained (intuitively clear meaning) and through which any word or expression can be defined. One such `primitive' is `me'. Thus, the semantics of `I' cannot be explained through other words (of course, here we mean psychological, philosophical, etc. explanations), i.e. It has a clear meaning in itself – ``I am me'' or ``I am me''. But ``I am I'' is the first (of three) basic provisions of that philosophical concept, which, V. According to Schlegel, it gave impetus to the origin of romanticism. We refer to Johann Gottlieb Fichte's ``General Doctrine of Science''. This provision of Fichte's theoretical system means the selfidentity of `I' in the logical aspect, and in the semantic aspect (although the philosopher will not ask this question) – that `I' is an indefinable concept. Fichte's concept of personality, which found expression in romanticism, is already meant here. According to this statement, the logical center of the universe is `I', that is, the universe is logically based in `I', as a `subject'. As a result of a special analysis, the article concludes that the poetic image of `I' in the poetry of Georgian romanticists (and, especially, N.Baratashvili) was formed in accordance with the same principles that were the basis for the development of the concept of `I' in Fichte's philosophical system.
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Marinho, Fernanda. "Lionello Venturi, Eugenio Battisti e as omissões em seus respectivos projetos modernos." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.12.2017.4518.
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A presente comunicação pretende propor uma breve reflexão a respeito dos paradigmas modernos na historiografia artística italiana, especificamente em Il gusto dei primitivi, de Lionello Venturi e em L?Antirinascimento, de Eugenio Battisti. Tal comparação se justifica na compreensão de ambas as obras como exemplares de uma corrente historiográfica italiana alternativa.
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Ilcheva, Madlena. "THE EFFECT OF A SPECIALIZED PHYSIOTHERAPY PROGRAM IN AN INFANT WITH A RARE GENETIC DISEASE." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/163.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The specialized physiotherapy program is a set of purposeful techniques and methodologies, profiled for work with children. Early physical therapy intervention is essential for the prevention and reduction of the pathological impact on the neuromotor capabilities of children with neurological impairment caused by a genetic disease. Purpose: The aim of the study is to monitor the effectiveness of a specialized physiotherapy program in a child with a deviation in neuromotor development. The therapy was performed 5 times a week for 3 months. The object of the study is the influence of physiotherapy in case of deviation in the neuromotor development of an infant with a rare genetic disease. The contingent of the study is 1 infant with a rare genetic disease - isovaleric acidemia and is the only case of a patient with such a disease in Bulgaria. The infant is 9 months old (7 adjusted months). The deviations are expressed in pathologically amplified and persistent primitive reflexes and delay in motor development. We assessed gross motor development by the method of Gross Motor Function Measure – 88 in the beginning and then made a reassessment on the 3rd month from the beginning of the therapy. Results: The analysis of the results shows that the specialized physiotherapy program influenced the neuromotor development of the patient - helping to integrate primitive reflexes; to develop and improve motor skills. Conclusions: Specialized physiotherapy is an effective treatment for neuromotor deviation in infant with a rare genetic disease.
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Zamir, Evan A., Brenda J. Rongish, and Charles D. Little. "Dynamic Movement of Sub-Epiblastic ECM During Primitive Streak Formation." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-189864.
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A well known “Polonaise” pattern of epiblast cell movements accompanies formation of the amniote primitive streak (PS), which is the organizing center for gastrulation. Although the movements observed in classical (text book) and modern studies appear similar, the biophysical mechanisms driving these movements are unknown. In comparison to studies of dynamic cellular movements during PS formation, and more generally, gastrulation, there is a relative paucity of data regarding movement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) lying adjacent to the ventral surface of the epiblast. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated decades ago the presence of a nascent basement membrane-like structure, which we refer to as the sub-epiblastic ECM (SE ECM), containing, at least, fibronectin [1] and collagen [1]. Using ultrastructural markers, Sanders [2] found that the SE ECM is transported medially to the PS with the epiblast cells. Almost two decades later, Bortier et al. [3] grafted radiolabeled quail cells into the epiblasts of chicken blastoderms, and concluded that whole groups of epiblast cells slide across (move relative to) the SE ECM — thus, contradicting Sanders’ earlier findings.
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Guilford, James, and Joshua Turner. "Representing Geometric Tolerances in Solid Models." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0040.
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Abstract ANSI standard Y14.5 defines a set of geometric tolerances to be used to control part variations in manufacturing. With the increasing trend towards replacing drawings with solid models, a representation is needed for expressing these tolerances unambiguously within the context of a solid model. This representation is complicated primarily by two factors: the drawing tolerances often contain “hidden” information which is not explicitly indicated, but which is inferred by the human reading the drawing; and some of the tolerances implicitly refer to the view of the drawing, which does not exist in a solid model. This paper discusses several complexities embedded in the standard and proposes ways to address them. It presents a fairly complete coding for geometric tolerances which addresses these complexities. The representation is concise — using only a small number of primitives augmented by a few generally applicable concepts The paper also lists the major areas which the representation does not address.
Reports on the topic "Primitive reflex"
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Wang, Meng, Jing Yu, Hyun-Duck Kim, and Angelita Cruz. Association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and primitive reflexes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0022.
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Zarrieß, Benjamin, and Patrick Koopmann. On the Complexity of Verifying Timed Golog Programs over Description Logic Actions (Extended Version). Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.241.
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Golog programs allow to model complex behaviour of agents by combining primitive actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory using imperative and non-deterministic programming language constructs. In general, verifying temporal properties of Golog programs is undecidable. One way to establish decidability is to restrict the logic used by the program to a Description Logic (DL), for which recently some complexity upper bounds for verification problem have been established. However, so far it was open whether these results are tight, and lightweight DLs such as EL have not been studied at all. Furthermore, these results only apply to a setting where actions do not consume time, and the properties to be verified only refer to the timeline in a qualitative way. In a lot of applications, this is an unrealistic assumption. In this work, we study the verification problem for timed Golog programs, in which actions can be assigned differing durations, and temporal properties are specified in a metric branching time logic. This allows to annotate temporal properties with time intervals over which they are evaluated, to specify for example that some property should hold for at least n time units, or should become specified within some specified time window. We establish tight complexity bounds of the verification problem for both expressive and lightweight DLs. Our lower bounds already apply to a very limited fragment of the verification problem, and close open complexity bounds for the non-metrical cases studied before.