Relevant bibliographies by topics / Primitive streak

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Primitive streak'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Primitive streak"

1

Bellairs, Ruth. "The primitive streak." Anatomy and Embryology 174, no. 1 (1986): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318331.

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Ramkumar, Nitya, and Kathryn V. Anderson. "SnapShot: Mouse Primitive Streak." Cell 146, no. 3 (2011): 488–488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.028.

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Psychoyos, D., and C. D. Stern. "Fates and migratory routes of primitive streak cells in the chick embryo." Development 122, no. 5 (1996): 1523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.5.1523.

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We have used carbocyanine dyes to fate map the primitive streak in the early chick embryo, from stages 3+ (mid-primitive streak) to 9 (8 somites). We show that presumptive notochord, foregut and medial somite do not originate solely from Hensen's node, but also from the anterior primitive streak. At early stages (4- and 4), there is no correlation between specific anteroposterior levels of the primitive streak and the final position of their descendants in the notochord. We describe in detail the contribution of specific levels of the primitive streak to the medial and lateral halves of the somites. To understand how the descendants of labelled cells reach their destinations in different tissues, we have followed the movement of labelled cells during their emigration from the primitive streak in living embryos, and find that cells destined to different structures follow defined pathways of movement, even if they arise from similar positions in the streak. Somite and notochord precursors migrate anteriorly within the streak and pass through different portions of the node; this provides an explanation for the segregation of notochord and somite territories in the node.
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Wei, Y., and T. Mikawa. "Formation of the avian primitive streak from spatially restricted blastoderm: evidence for polarized cell division in the elongating streak." Development 127, no. 1 (2000): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.1.87.

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Gastrulation in the amniote begins with the formation of a primitive streak through which precursors of definitive mesoderm and endoderm ingress and migrate to their embryonic destinations. This organizing center for amniote gastrulation is induced by signal(s) from the posterior margin of the blastodisc. The mode of action of these inductive signal(s) remains unresolved, since various origins and developmental pathways of the primitive streak have been proposed. In the present study, the fate of chicken blastodermal cells was traced for the first time in ovo from prestreak stages XI-XII through HH stage 3, when the primitive streak is initially established and prior to the migration of mesoderm. Using replication-defective retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and vital dye labeling, precursor cells of the stage 3 primitive streak were mapped predominantly to a specific region where the embryonic midline crosses the posterior margin of the epiblast. No significant contribution to the early primitive streak was seen from the anterolateral epiblast. Instead, the precursor cells generated daughter cells that underwent a polarized cell division oriented perpendicular to the anteroposterior embryonic axis. The resulting daughter cell population was arranged in a longitudinal array extending the complete length of the primitive streak. Furthermore, expression of cVg1, a posterior margin-derived signal, at the anterior marginal zone induced adjacent epiblast cells, but not those lateral to or distant from the signal, to form an ectopic primitive streak. The cVg1-induced epiblast cells also exhibited polarized cell divisions during ectopic primitive streak formation. These results suggest that blastoderm cells located immediately anterior to the posterior marginal zone, which secretes an inductive signal, undergo spatially directed cytokineses during early primitive streak formation.
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Frumkin, A., R. Haffner, E. Shapira, N. Tarcic, Y. Gruenbaum, and A. Fainsod. "The chicken CdxA homeobox gene and axial positioning during gastrulation." Development 118, no. 2 (1993): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.118.2.553.

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The chicken homebox containing gene, CdxA (formerly CHox-cad), was previously shown to be expressed during gastrulation. Localization of CdxA transcripts by in situ hybridization to tissue sections revealed that, during gastrulation, expression of this gene exhibits a posterior localization along the primitive streak. The transcripts are localized to epiblast cells in the vicinity of the primitive streak, to cells of the primitive streak itself and in the definitive endoderm as it replaces the hypoblast. In order to study in greater detail the pattern of expression of the CdxA gene during gastrulation, we expressed the full-length CdxA protein as a fusion protein in E. coli and generated monoclonal antibodies against it. Chicken embryos at different stages of gastrulation were processed for whole-mount immunohistochemical localization of the protein using anti-CdxA antibodies. Once the pattern of expression in the whole embryo was determined, the same embryos were sectioned to determine the identity of the cells expressing the CdxA protein. Detailed analysis of the CdxA protein in embryos, from the onset of primitive streak formation to the beginning of the tail bud stage (stages 2 to 10), has shown different patterns of expression during primitive streak elongation and regression. The CdxA protein is initially detected at the posterior marginal zone and the expression moves rostrally into the primitive streak during mid-streak stages. As the primitive streak elongates, the CdxA stripe of expression moves anteriorly. By definitive streak stages, the CdxA stripe of expression delineates a position along the anterior-posterior axis in the primitive streak. CdxA, like its Drosophila homologue cad, is expressed during gastrulation in a stripe localized to the posterior region of the embryo. These observations suggest that CdxA as a homebox gene may be part of a regulatory network coupled to axial determination during gastrulation in the early chick embryo.
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Shah, S. B., I. Skromne, C. R. Hume, et al. "Misexpression of chick Vg1 in the marginal zone induces primitive streak formation." Development 124, no. 24 (1997): 5127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.24.5127.

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In the chick embryo, the primitive streak is the first axial structure to develop. The initiation of primitive streak formation in the posterior area pellucida is influenced by the adjacent posterior marginal zone (PMZ). We show here that chick Vg1 (cVg1), a member of the TGFbeta family of signalling molecules whose homolog in Xenopus is implicated in mesoderm induction, is expressed in the PMZ of prestreak embryos. Ectopic expression of cVg1 protein in the marginal zone chick blastoderms directs the formation of a secondary primitive streak, which subsequently develops into an ectopic embryo. We have used cell marking techniques to show that cells that contribute to the ectopic primitive streak change fate, acquiring two distinct properties of primitive streak cells, defined by gene expression and cell movements. Furthermore, naive epiblast explants exposed to cVg1 protein in vitro acquire axial mesodermal properties. Together, these results show that cVg1 can mediate ectopic axis formation in the chick by inducing new cell fates and they permit the analysis of distinct events that occur during primitive streak formation.
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Streit, A., K. J. Lee, I. Woo, C. Roberts, T. M. Jessell, and C. D. Stern. "Chordin regulates primitive streak development and the stability of induced neural cells, but is not sufficient for neural induction in the chick embryo." Development 125, no. 3 (1998): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.3.507.

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We have investigated the role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) and a BMP antagonist, chordin, in primitive streak formation and neural induction in amniote embryos. We show that both BMP-4 and chordin are expressed before primitive streak formation, and that BMP-4 expression is downregulated as the streak starts to form. When BMP-4 is misexpressed in the posterior area pellucida, primitive streak formation is inhibited. Misexpression of BMP-4 also arrests further development of Hensen's node and axial structures. In contrast, misexpression of chordin in the anterior area pellucida generates an ectopic primitive streak that expresses mesoderm and organizer markers. We also provide evidence that chordin is not sufficient to induce neural tissue in the chick. Misexpression of chordin in regions outside the future neural plate does not induce the early neural markers L5, Sox-3 or Sox-2. Furthermore, neither BMP-4 nor BMP-7 interfere with neural induction when misexpressed in the presumptive neural plate before or after primitive streak formation. However, chordin can stabilise the expression of early neural markers in cells that have already received neural inducing signals. These results suggest that the regulation of BMP signalling by chordin plays a role in primitive streak formation and that chordin is not sufficient to induce neural tissue.
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Ooi, V. E. C., E. J. Sanders, and R. Bellairs. "The contribution of the primitive streak to the somites in the avian embryo." Development 92, no. 1 (1986): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.92.1.193.

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Chick embryos were removed from the egg at stages 6–11 and explanted in culture. The greater part of the postnodal primitive streak of each embryo was replaced with a similar region taken from a corresponding quail embryo. The reciprocal experiment was also carried out, chick primitive streak being grafted in place of quail. After further incubation, the grafted primitive streak cells were found to contribute to lateral plate mesoderm, somites and intermediate cell mass. In an additional series of experiments, the postnodal primitive streak was extirpated and the embryo allowed to heal without a graft being inserted; after further incubation, many more somites formed in these embryos. It is concluded therefore that the contribution of cells from the primitive streak shown in the first experiment may not be essential for somite formation. It is suggested moreover that two major morphogenetic movements are taking place simultaneously in the mesoderm during this period: one is the mediolateral migration of cells after ingression through the streak, whilst the other is an anteroposterior movement associated with regression.
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Lockwood, Michael. "Human Identity and the Primitive Streak." Hastings Center Report 25, no. 1 (1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562496.

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Alev, C., Y. Wu, T. Kasukawa, L. M. Jakt, H. R. Ueda, and G. Sheng. "Transcriptomic landscape of the primitive streak." Development 137, no. 17 (2010): 2863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.053462.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Primitive streak"

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Taylor, Hazel. "Characterisation of the primitive streak promoter of the murine Brachyury gene." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264913.

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Ehrman, Lisa Ann. "MOLECULAR REGULATION OF ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CELL FATES IN THE PRIMITIVE STREAK STAGE AVIAN EMBRYO." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998398595.

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Morrison, Fiona. "Studies ot the Role of E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin in Formation of the Chick Primitive Streak." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521703.

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Yamauchi, Kaori. "Cardiomyocytes develop from anterior primitive streak cells induced by β-catenin activation and the blockage of BMP signaling in hESCs". Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142556.

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Hardy, Katharine, Tatiana Yatskievych, J. H. Konieczka, Alexander Bobbs, and Parker Antin. "FGF signalling through RAS/MAPK and PI3K pathways regulates cell movement and gene expression in the chicken primitive streak without affecting E-cadherin expression." BioMed Central, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610371.

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BACKGROUND:FGF signalling regulates numerous aspects of early embryo development. During gastrulation in amniotes, epiblast cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the primitive streak to form the mesoderm and endoderm. In mice lacking FGFR1, epiblast cells in the primitive streak fail to downregulate E-cadherin and undergo EMT, and cell migration is inhibited. This study investigated how FGF signalling regulates cell movement and gene expression in the primitive streak of chicken embryos.RESULTS:We find that pharmacological inhibition of FGFR activity blocks migration of cells through the primitive streak of chicken embryos without apparent alterations in the level or intracellular localization of E-cadherin. E-cadherin protein is localized to the periphery of epiblast, primitive streak and some mesodermal cells. FGFR inhibition leads to downregulation of a large number of regulatory genes in the preingression epiblast adjacent to the primitive streak, the primitive streak and the newly formed mesoderm. This includes members of the FGF, NOTCH, EPH, PDGF, and canonical and non-canonical WNT pathways, negative modulators of these pathways, and a large number of transcriptional regulatory genes. SNAI2 expression in the primitive streak and mesoderm is not altered by FGFR inhibition, but is downregulated only in the preingression epiblast region with no significant effect on E-cadherin. Furthermore, over expression of SNAIL has no discernable effect on E-cadherin protein levels or localization in epiblast, primitive streak or mesodermal cells. FGFR activity modulates distinct downstream pathways including RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK or AKT indicate that these downstream effectors control discrete and overlapping groups of genes during gastrulation. FGFR activity regulates components of several pathways known to be required for cell migration through the streak or in the mesoderm, including RHOA, the non-canonical WNT pathway, PDGF signalling and the cell adhesion protein N-cadherin.CONCLUSIONS:In chicken embryos, FGF signalling regulates cell movement through the primitive streak by mechanisms that appear to be independent of changes in E-cadherin expression or protein localization. The positive and negative effects on large groups of genes by pharmacological inhibition of FGF signalling, including major signalling pathways and transcription factor families, indicates that the FGF pathway is a focal point of regulation during gastrulation in chicken.
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Furuichi, Kenji. "Nonlinear stress relaxation of entangled polymer chains in primitive chain network simulation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180357.

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Jeanson, Ludovic. "Recherche de nouveaux facteurs moléculaires impliqués dans la physiopathologie des polyposes nasosinusiennes primitives et secondaires : approche protéomique et cellulaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0045.

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Les cellules épithéliales nasales humaines (CENH) sont des acteurs importants de la physiopathologie de la polypose naso-sinusienne (PNS), le plus souvent la PNS est primitive (étiologie inconnue), plus rarement, elle est secondaire à la mucoviscidose (PNS CF) ou la dyskinésie ciliaire primitive (PNS DCP). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier des protéines différentiellement exprimées dans les PNS primitives et secondaires par approche protéomique puis de les caractériser par des techniques classiques. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé des cultures primaires (interface air/liquide) de CENH, dérivant de déchet per-opératoire (PNS) ou de brossages (muqueuse saine). Le marquage iTRAQ suivie d'une analyse par nano-LC-MALDI-TOF-TOF à en particulier montré : 1) une augmentation de six marqueurs du stress du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) dans la PNS primitive et la PNS CF, 2) une altération du métabolisme du glucose dans la PNS CF (sous-expression de 6 protéines dont la pyruvate kinase, enzyme clef de la glycolyse) et 3) une sous expression de 12 protéines des filaments acto-myosines dans la PNS DCP (dont 3 tropomyosines). Nous avons caractérisé le stress du RE dans la PNS primitive, montrant qu'il est induit par le biais d'une sensibilité des CENH à un stress oxydatif probablement d'origine mitochondrial et qu'il participe activement à l'inflammation (sécrétion d'IL-8 et de LTB4). Ces observations nous permettent de proposer que, dans la PNS primitive, il existe un cercle vicieux entre stress du RE, stress oxydatif et inflammation et que la sensibilité au stress oxydatif observée apparaît comme une nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans le traitement de la PNS<br>Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) play an important role in nasal polyposis(NP). NP have generally an unknown etiology, less frequently, NP is secondary to cystic fibrosis (CF NP) or primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD NP). The aim of this thesis is to identify differentially expressed proteins in NP, CF NP and PCD NP using proteomic approach then to characterize them by classical methodes. In this study, we used primary culture (air/liquid)of HNEC derived from NP patients (surgery waste) or healthy patients (brushing). The iTRAQ labeling folowing by nano-LC-MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis shown in particular :1)an increased expression of six endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in NP and CF NP, 2)an alteration of glucose metabolism (decreased expression of six proteins with in particular the pyruvate kinase, glycolysis key enzyme) and 3)an decreased expression of 12 acto-myosin filament proteins (in particular three tropomyosins). We caracterized the ER stress in NP showing that ER stress is activated by an oxydative stress susceptibility of NP HNEC probably of mitochondrial origin and that it directly participate to inflammation (IL-8 and LTB4 secretions). Altogether, our results underline a vicious circle that exists between oxidative stress, ER stress and inflammation.The oxydative stress susceptibility observed in NP may represent new therapeutic target in such a pathology
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Barro, Marietta. "Approche cellulaire de la dystrophie facioscapulohumérale : développement et caractérisation de cultures primaires musculaires dérivées de patients FSHD." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20116.

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La dystrophie Facioscapulohumérale (FSHD), troisième maladie neuromusculaire, se caractérise par une dégénérescence progressive de groupes de muscles squelettiques spécifiques à l'âge adulte. Elle est due à une anomalie génétique située en 4q35 mais demeure énigmatique puisqu'aucun gène directement responsable de cette pathologie n'a pu être mis en évidence. Plusieurs hypothèses ont été avancées quant aux voies de signalisation susceptibles d'être impliquées via l'utilisation de cultures primaires musculaires issues de patients atteints de FSHD. Mais les différentes études ont générées de nombreux résultats contradictoires, qui pourraient être du au fait que les cellules FSHD provenaient de muscles présentant des niveaux d'atteinte différents. Aussi, un des objectifs de ces travaux de thèse était de caractériser quatorze cultures primaires musculaires de muscles cliniquement et non cliniquement atteints de patients FSHD par comparaison avec quatorze cultures primaires musculaires de muscles de personnes saines. Ce travail a montré que, quelque soit l'origine musculaire, tous les myoblastes FSHD présentent une sensibilité accrue au stress oxydatif et des anomalies morphologiques en différenciation. Parallèlement, une approche protéomique comparative entre les cultures primaires FSHD et contrôles a été réalisée. L'identification des protéines dont les niveaux d'expression sont spécifiquement altérés dans les cellules FSHD conduira à la détermination des voies spécifiquement mises en jeu dans ces cellules. De plus, les travaux antérieurs du laboratoire réunissant des analyses protéomiques et biochimiques réalisées sur des biopsies musculaires FSHD et contrôles ont permis de proposer des hypothèses quant aux voies de signalisation susceptibles d'être impliquées dans cette pathologie. Grâce à la mise en place et à la caractérisation des cultures primaires FSHD, ces hypothèses sont en cours de test<br>Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD), the third neuromuscular disorder, is characterized by a progressive wasting of specific skeletal muscle groups at adult age. It is due to a genetic defect located in 4q35, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease are still unknown. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed so far to determine signalling pathways involved in FSHD by using primary muscular cells isolated from FSHD patients, but these studies have led to contradictory results probably because FSHD cells were isolated from muscles with different levels of affection. Thus, one major aim of this thesis work was to characterize fourteen primary muscular cell cultures from affected and non-clinically affected muscles from FSHD patients by comparing them to fourteen primary muscular cell cultures from healthy individuals. This work showed that all FSHD myoblasts were highly sensitive to oxidative stress and were morphologically altered in differentiation. A proteomic approach between FSHD and control primary cultures was also conducted. The identification of proteins specifically altered in FSHD cell cultures will allow the determination of altered pathways within these cells. Moreover, previous work from the lab combining proteomic and biochemical analysis on FSHD and control muscular biopsies led to the identification of putative pathways involved in this pathology. With the characterization of FSHD primary cultures, these hypotheses are currently being tested
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Goven, Delphine. "Régulation de l’hème oxygénase-1 dans les macrophages au cours des pathologies pulmonaires liées à l’exposition de la fumée de cigarette." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0051.

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L’intoxication tabagique, source d’oxydants, est un facteur de risque important de développement de l’emphysème pulmonaire et du pneumothorax spontané primitif. Les macrophages alvéolaires contribuent pour une large part à l’inflammation pulmonaire au cours de ces pathologies en produisant des métalloprotéases et des espèces réactives de l’oxygène à l’origine du déséquilibre des balances protéase/anti-protéase et oxydant/antioxydant. L'hème oxygénase-1 (HO-1), exprimée principalement par les macrophages, est une enzyme clé des défenses anti-oxydantes pulmonaires. Nous avons initialement étudié l’expression et la localisation cellulaire de l’HO-1 et de ses régulateurs potentiels (Nrf2, Keap1, Bach1 et HIF-1a) dans les macrophages alvéolaires au cours de l’emphysème pulmonaire post-tabagique et du pneumothorax spontané primitif. Les voies de régulation de l’expression de ces protéines ont été analysées in vitro sur des macrophages dérivés de la lignée THP-1 exposés ou non au condensat de fumée de cigarette et à l’hypoxieréoxygénation visant à mimer une partie des effets de l’atélectasie-réexpansion observée lors de la prise en charge thérapeutique des pneumothorax récidivants. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse nous ont permis de mettre en évidence une altération de l’expression de la voie Nrf2/Keap1-Bach1 associée à une diminution de l’expression des enzymes anti-oxydantes, dont l’HO-1, dans les macrophages alvéolaires au cours de l’emphysème pulmonaire sévère post-tabagique, malgré un stress oxydant important. In vitro, ces altérations pourraient être liées à une activation spécifique des MAPKinases ERK1/2 et JNK par le condensat de fumée de cigarette. Nous avons également montré que la stimulation du système de l’HO-1 était probablement orchestrée par la voie du facteur HIF-1a, et non par celle de Nrf2, dans les macrophages alvéolaires au cours du pneumothorax spontané primitif récidivant du sujet fumeur. Ces résultats pourraient contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la physiopathologie de l’emphysème pulmonaire et permettre d’envisager de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques basées sur la préservation et/ou la restauration de l’équilibre Nrf2/Keap1-Bach1. Nos travaux suggèrent également que la physiopathologie du pneumothorax spontané primitif est différente chez les patients fumeurs et non fumeurs. Le pneumothorax du sujet fumeur est associé à un stress oxydant pulmonaire et à une induction de l’HO-1 probablement orchestrée par HIF-1a. Ces résultats, confirmés in vitro, mettent en évidence une interaction potentielle entre le stress oxydant et l’hypoxie-réoxygénation<br>Chronic cigarette smoking, a source of oxidants, is an important risk factor for lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax development. Alveolar macrophages are mainly involved in lung inflammation observed in these pathologies through the production of metalloproteases and reactive oxygen species resulting to protease/anti-protease and oxidant/anti-oxidant imbalances. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), mainly expressed in macrophages, is a key enzyme in pulmonary anti-oxidant defences. Therefore, the first aim of our studies was to investigate the expression and cellular localisation of HO-1 and its potential regulators (Nrf2, Keap1, Bach1 and HIF-1a) in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Regulation pathways involved in expression of these proteins were assessed in vitro in macrophage cell line THP-1 exposed or not to cigarette smoke condensate and with or without hypoxia-reoxygenation mimicking parts of events induced by atelectasia-reexpansion during recurrent pneumothorax constitution and treatment. In these studies, we showed an altered expression of Nrf2/Keap1- Bach1 pathway associated with a reduced expression of anti-oxidants enzymes, like HO-1, in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema patients, despite an important oxidative stress. These alterations might be related to cigarette smoke condensate activated ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKinases as observed in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we showed that HO- 1 system induction was mediated by HIF-1a instead of Nrf2 pathway in alveolar macrophages from smoking related recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. These findings may contribute to a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of lung emphysema and could provide new therapeutic approaches based on preservation and/or restoration of Nrf2/Keap1-Bach1 equilibrium. Our results also suggest that the pathophysiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax could be different in smokers and non smokers. Spontaneous pneumothorax in smokers is associated with lung oxidative stress and the orchestrated induction of HO-1 probably via HIF-1a. These results provide a new link between oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation
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Stankova, Viktoria. "Planar Cell Movements and Axial Patterning During Early Gastrulation of the Rabbit Embryo." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5EC2-A.

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Books on the topic "Primitive streak"

1

Taylor, Hazel. Characterisation of the primitive streak promoter of the murine Brachyury gene. typescript, 1996.

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Klinowska, Teresa Caroline Maria. The emergence and migration of primitive streak mesoderm during gastrulationin the mouse. University of Manchester, 1994.

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Virginia, Hopkins, ed. Dr. Earl Mindell's what you should know about nutrition for active lifestyles. Keats Pub., 1996.

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Arianism: Roman heresy and barbarian creed. Ashgate, 2014.

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Lopez-Sanchez, Carmen, Virginio Garcia-Lopez, Gary C. Schoenwolf, and Virginio Garcia-Martinez. From epiblast to mesoderm: elaboration of a fate map for cardiovascular progenitors. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0003.

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The origin and migration of cardiovascular progenitors have been identified using multiple cell fate mapping techniques monitoring marked epiblast cells through time at carefully defined stages of early gastrulation. These studies have revealed that ordered groups of cells from the epiblast move into the anterior region of the primitive streak, and then migrate anterior laterally to define the first heart field in the mesodermal layer. Subsequently, the right and left components of the first heart field fuse into a single straight heart at the embryonic midline. Additional cells derived from the second heart field are added to the cardiac tube and contribute to further heart development. Heterotopic and heterochronic transplantation studies have revealed that cardiac precursor cells are plastic and do not form a specific subpopulation of the cardiac mesoderm. Specification of the heart fields occurs after ingression of precardiac cells through the primitive streak.
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Adnan, Shapan. Land Grabs, Primitive Accumulation, and Resistance in Neoliberal India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.003.0004.

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This chapter critically interrogates the historical trajectories of capitalism and the resolution of the agrarian question therein. The paths of early capitalist development are not possible to replicate in developing countries, more so under contemporary globalization. However, far from the agrarian question being “dead” for these countries, it is all the more relevant within a complex of neo-liberal exploitation of developing world peasantry. The chapter studies the patterns of accumulation under neo-liberalism in Indian agriculture based on primary and secondary data. The accumulation process under agrarian crisis in India illustrates the new delineations within the peasantry and possible alliances against neo-liberalism. This chapter links the agrarian question with that of land and draws insights on the different streams of growing resistance to land acquisition in recent times.
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Jackson, MacDonald P. Screening the Tragedies. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.37.

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Jonathan Miller’s BBC TV production of King Lear and Michael Elliott’s version for Granada TV, starring Laurence Olivier, illustrate contrasting approaches to the small-screen medium, with Miller recording lengthy takes of characters artfully choreographed within bare sets, and Elliott employing a montage technique to view individuals in expressive close-ups. The near-monochrome BBC costumes suggest the world of Jacobean politics, whereas Granada’s pastel colours suit the ‘Once upon a time’ quality of Shakespeare’s opening. The cinematic adaptations by Peter Brooke and Grigori Kozintsev better convey the play’s vastness, bleakness, and grandeur, Brooke filming in the snow-bound tundra of Northern Jutland, Kozintsev in a primitive rock-strewn Russian landscape, through which peasants trudge. Brooke’s style is New Wave, his vision unsparing. Kozintsev draws on both traditional epic convention and Christian-humanist tradition. Several other screen versions merit attention, notably Akiro Kurosawa’s Ran and Brian Blessed’s undervalued movie with himself as Lear.
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E, Tezduyar T., and Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, eds. Finite element techniques for the Navier-Stokes equations in the primitive variable formulation and the vorticity stream-function formulation: Interim report for the work performed under NASA-Johnson Space Center. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Primitive streak"

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Schnell, S., K. J. Painter, P. K. Maini, and H. G. Othmer. "Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in Early Development: A Review of Primitive Streak Formation and Somitogenesis." In Mathematical Models for Biological Pattern Formation. Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0133-2_2.

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Mileva, Aleksandra, Vesna Dimitrova, Orhun Kara, and Miodrag J. Mihaljević. "Catalog and Illustrative Examples of Lightweight Cryptographic Primitives." In Security of Ubiquitous Computing Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10591-4_2.

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AbstractThe main objective of this chapter is to offer to practitioners, researchers and all interested parties a brief categorized catalog of existing lightweight symmetric primitives with their main cryptographic features, ultimate hardware performance, and existing security analysis, so they can easily compare the ciphers or choose some of them according to their needs. Certain security evaluation issues have been addressed as well. In particular, the reason behind why modern lightweight block cipher designs have in the last decade overwhelmingly dominated stream cipher design is analyzed in terms of security against tradeoff attacks. It turns out that it is possible to design stream ciphers having much smaller internal states.
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Jakubowski, Mariusz H., and Ramarathnam Venkatesan. "The chain & sum primitive and its applications to MACs and stream ciphers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0054133.

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Suenaga, Kohei, Naoki Kobayashi, and Akinori Yonezawa. "Extension of Type-Based Approach to Generation of Stream-Processing Programs by Automatic Insertion of Buffering Primitives." In Logic Based Program Synthesis and Transformation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11680093_7.

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"Streak (primitive streak)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_16231.

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"Primitive Streak." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_13424.

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Streit, Andrea, and Claudio D. Stern. "Chapter 1 Operations on Primitive Streak Stage Avian Embryos." In Methods in Cell Biology. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-679x(08)00201-x.

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Chuai, Manli, and Cornelis J. Weijer. "The Mechanisms Underlying Primitive Streak Formation in the Chick Embryo." In Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2153(07)81004-0.

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Raffaelli, Ana, and Claudio D. Stern. "Signaling events regulating embryonic polarity and formation of the primitive streak in the chick embryo." In Gastrulation: From Embryonic Pattern to Form. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.001.

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Newman, Timothy J. "Grid-Free Models of Multicellular Systems, with an Application to Large-Scale Vortices Accompanying Primitive Streak Formation." In Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2153(07)81005-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Primitive streak"

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Zamir, Evan A., Brenda J. Rongish, and Charles D. Little. "Dynamic Movement of Sub-Epiblastic ECM During Primitive Streak Formation." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-189864.

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A well known “Polonaise” pattern of epiblast cell movements accompanies formation of the amniote primitive streak (PS), which is the organizing center for gastrulation. Although the movements observed in classical (text book) and modern studies appear similar, the biophysical mechanisms driving these movements are unknown. In comparison to studies of dynamic cellular movements during PS formation, and more generally, gastrulation, there is a relative paucity of data regarding movement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) lying adjacent to the ventral surface of the epiblast. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated decades ago the presence of a nascent basement membrane-like structure, which we refer to as the sub-epiblastic ECM (SE ECM), containing, at least, fibronectin [1] and collagen [1]. Using ultrastructural markers, Sanders [2] found that the SE ECM is transported medially to the PS with the epiblast cells. Almost two decades later, Bortier et al. [3] grafted radiolabeled quail cells into the epiblasts of chicken blastoderms, and concluded that whole groups of epiblast cells slide across (move relative to) the SE ECM — thus, contradicting Sanders’ earlier findings.
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Thanontip, K., P. Pimton, and S. Sirisup. "Cell fate decision of ESCs into primitive streak state using differential equations." In 2017 10th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon.2017.8229136.

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Owen, Drew, and Evan Zamir. "The Role of Actomyosin Contractility During Early Avian Gastrulation." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19574.

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Actin-myosin contraction has been shown to play a major role in early morphogenetic movements in Drosophila (fly) and Xenopus (frog) [1,2]. However, the specific role of actomyosin contractility in amniote embryos (reptiles, birds, and mammals) during primitive streak (PS) formation, the “organizing center” for gastrulation (formation of three primary germ layers), is not known. Current theories regarding primitive streak formation in higher order amniotes center around cell-cell intercalation or chemotactic cell movement [3,4]. We hypothesize that contraction via actin-myosin (AM) filaments is conserved from anamniotes and drives formation of the PS and the associated morphogenetic cell movements.
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Guojun Sheng. "Keynote talk 2: The primitive streak: — An interface between technology, embryology and morality." In 2013 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776768.

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Henkels, Julia A., and Evan A. Zamir. "A Novel Biomimetic Model for Studying Mechanics of Embryonic Morphogenesis and Differentiation." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19608.

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Before the explosion of genetics research in the last century, embryonic development was largely studied from a mechanical perspective. Paired with genetic advances in understanding developmental signaling pathways and induction mechanisms, an important goal for understanding morphogenesis is to discover how the genome codes for changes in the mechanical movements of the embryonic cells. After formation of the zygote, a phase of rapid mitotic cell division is followed by epithelialization resulting in a cohesive sheet of cells termed the epiblast. During the next major phase of triploblastic development called gastrulation, a group of undifferentiated cells in the epiblast moves collectively to the embryonic midline and eventually gives rise to the three primary germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. At the primitive streak—the “organizing center” in amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) which delineates anterior-posterior polarity—prospective endodermal and mesodermal precursors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), internalization, and eventually organogenesis. “It is not birth, marriage, or death, but gastrulation which is truly the most important time in your life” (Lewis Wolpert, 1986).
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Du, Lue Derek, and Charles Dalton. "A CFD Study of Flow Past a Rotating Cylinder to Re = 1000." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30100.

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In this paper, we examine, computationally, a uniform flow past a rotating circular cylinder. The objective is to determine the effect the rotation has on the lift and drag acting on the cylinder, on the vortex structures and on the vortex-shedding frequency. A streakline calculation illustrates the effect the rotation has on the vortex-structure in the wake. A combination of finite-difference and spectral methods is used to calculate the three-dimensional incompressible unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variable form in nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates. A second-order accurate in time fractional-step method is used to decouple pressure and velocity components. High-order compact-difference schemes are used to avoid the problem of the so-called checker-board behavior. The calculated lift coefficient (CL), drag coefficient (CD) and pressure coefficient (CP) of the flows at a Reynolds number of 200 and α = 1 to 5 (α is the nondimensional ratio of the rotating speed-to-free stream speed) agreed very well with results in the literature. However, streak line patterns were not presented in these earlier studies. We also have drag and lift results at Re = 1000 for the same range of α values. These results are found to follow the same trends as at Re = 200. These results have a practical application in offshore drilling.
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Beale, Steven B. "On the Implementation of Stream-Wise Periodic Boundary Conditions." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72271.

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Fully-developed periodic boundary conditions have frequently been employed to perform calculations on the performance of typical elements of heat exchangers. Many such calculations have been achieved by transforming the equations of motion to obtain a new set of state variables which are cyclic in the stream-wise direction. In others, primitive variables, based on substitution schemes are employed. In this paper; a review of existing procedures is provided, and a new method is proposed. The method is based on the use of primitive variables with periodic boundary conditions combined with the use of slip values. Either pressure difference or mass flow rate may be prescribed, and both constant wall temperature and constant heat flux wall conditions may be considered. The example of an offset-fin plate-fin heat exchanger is used to illustrate the application of the procedure. The scope and limitations of the method are discussed in detail, and the mathematical basis by which the method may be extended to the consideration of problems involving mass transfer, with associated continuity, momentum, and species source/sinks is proposed.
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Wu, Xin-Wen, Soo Ngee Koh, and Chee-Cheon Chui. "Primitive polynomials for robust scramblers and stream ciphers against reverse engineering." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2010.5513547.

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Calvar, Jerome, Raphael Tremblay-Lessard, and Sylvain Halle. "A Runtime Monitoring Framework for Event Streams with Non-primitive Arguments." In 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icst.2012.135.

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Domingo-Ferrer, Josep, and Jordi Soria-Comas. "Steered Microaggregation: A Unified Primitive for Anonymization of Data Sets and Data Streams." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdmw.2017.141.

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