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Journal articles on the topic 'Primordial germ cells (PGCs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Xin-Yan, Tang, Zeng Wei-Dong, Mi Yu-Ling, Liu Hong-Yun, and Zhang Cai-Qiao. "Isolation, culture and characterization of chicken primordial germ cells." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (2006): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cjb2006107.

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AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) were isolated from the genital ridges of chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos at the 19th stage and purified by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. PGCs were co-cultured with somatic cells in preliminary culture and subcultured. Identification of PGCs was carried out by histochemical methods, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). The proliferating activity of PGCs in subculture was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Meanwhile, proliferating PGCs were compared under different cu

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2

Stott, D., and C. C. Wylie. "Invasive behaviour of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 86, no. 1 (1986): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.86.1.133.

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We have isolated migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs) from 10.5-day mouse embryos and studied their behaviour when cultured on a mouse embryo fibroblast (STO) cell line. Living and fixed PGCs were identified by fluorescent labelling with a monoclonal antibody specific for PGCs in the culture system used. The behaviour of the cells was studied using interference reflexion microscopy (IRM) and time-lapse video cinematography. The IRM pattern displayed by PGCs is typical of highly motile cell types, the cells lack focal contacts and possess large areas of close contacts indicative of weak membr

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3

De Felici, Massimo. "Nuclear Reprogramming in Mouse Primordial Germ Cells: Epigenetic Contribution." Stem Cells International 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/425863.

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The unique capability of germ cells to give rise to a new organism, allowing the transmission of primary genetic information from generation to generation, depends on their epigenetic reprogramming ability and underlying genomic totipotency. Recent studies have shown that genome-wide epigenetic modifications, referred to as “epigenetic reprogramming”, occur during the development of the gamete precursors termed primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the embryo. This reprogramming is likely to be critical for the germ line development itself and necessary to erase the parental imprinting and setting t

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Hayashi, Yohei, Kei Otsuka, Masayuki Ebina, et al. "Distinct requirements for energy metabolism in mouse primordial germ cells and their reprogramming to embryonic germ cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (2017): 8289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620915114.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs), undifferentiated embryonic germ cells, are the only cells that have the ability to become gametes and to reacquire totipotency upon fertilization. It is generally understood that the development of PGCs proceeds through the expression of germ cell-specific transcription factors and characteristic epigenomic changes. However, little is known about the properties of PGCs at the metabolite and protein levels, which are directly responsible for the control of cell function. Here, we report the distinct energy metabolism of PGCs compared with that of embryonic stem cel

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Park, Eunsook, Bobae Lee, Bruce E. Clurman, and Keesook Lee. "NUP50 is necessary for the survival of primordial germ cells in mouse embryos." REPRODUCTION 151, no. 1 (2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0649.

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Nucleoporin 50 kDa (NUP50), a component of the nuclear pore complex, is highly expressed in male germ cells, but its role in germ cells is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of NUP50 during the embryonic development of germ cells using NUP50-deficient mice. NUP50 was expressed in germ cells of both sexes at embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), E13.5, and E12.5. In addition, NUP50 expression was also detected in primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrating into the genital ridges at E9.5. The gonads of Nup50−/− embryos of both sexes contained few PGCs at both E11.5 and E12

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Güralp, H., K. Pocherniaieva, M. Blecha, T. Policar, M. Pšenička, and T. Saito. "Migration of primordial germ cells during late embryogenesis of pikeperch Sander lucioperca relative to blastomere transplantation." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 3 (2017): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2016-cjas.

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Pikeperch Sander lucioperca is a valuable fish in Europe, and basic information about its embryonic development, especially primordial germ cell (PGC) migration, is important for use in biotechnology. We categorized pikeperch embryonic development into six stages as in other fish species: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and hatching and described PGC migration. PGCs were visualized by injection of synthesized green fluorescent protein (GFP) within the 3’untranslated region (UTR) mRNA of nanos3. GFP-positive PGCs appeared in all embryos at approximately 100% epiboly. Time-la

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Higaki, Shogo, Yoshiki Eto, Yutaka Kawakami, et al. "Production of fertile zebrafish (Danio rerio) possessing germ cells (gametes) originated from primordial germ cells recovered from vitrified embryos." REPRODUCTION 139, no. 4 (2010): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-09-0549.

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This study aimed to produce fertile zebrafish (Danio rerio) possessing germ cells (gametes) that originated from cryopreserved primordial germ cells (PGCs). First, to improve the vitrification procedure of PGCs in segmentation stage embryos, dechorionated yolk-intact and yolk-removed embryos, the PGCs of which were labeled with green fluorescent protein, were cooled rapidly after serial exposures to equilibration solution (ES) and vitrification solution (VS), which contained ethylene glycol, DMSO, and sucrose. Yolk removal well prevented ice formation in the embryos during cooling and improved

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8

Akita, Yasuko, and Masami Wakahara. "Cytological analyses of factors which determine the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in Xenopus laevis." Development 90, no. 1 (1985): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.90.1.251.

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Correlation of the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) at stage 47 with the amount of germ plasm at the 8-cell stage and with the number of the germ-plasm-containing cells (GPCCs) was analysed using two different laboratory-raised colonies of Xenopus laevis, HD and J groups. The average number of PGCs in J group tadpoles was significantly larger than that in HD group tadpoles. The amount of germ plasm in J group embryos was also demonstrated to be larger than in HD group embryos. The amount of germ plasm was related positively to the number of GPCCs at the 8-cell stage and to the resulting

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9

Chojnacka-Puchta, L., K. Kasperczyk, G. Płucienniczak, D. Sawicka, and M. Bednarczyk. "Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 1 (2012): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-011-0132-6.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens The transgenic chicken has great potential as a bioreactor for the production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins, notably in the oviduct/egg. Whereas conventional transgenic approaches have significant limitations in this species, an alternative approach employing primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitor cells to ova and spermatozoa, has now been successfully applied to the insertion of exogenous genes into birds. Recent developments in manipulating avian embryos make it possible to produce germline chimeras derived f

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10

Soo Kang, Kyung, Hyung Chul Lee, Hyun Jeong Kim, et al. "Spatial and temporal action of chicken primordial germ cells during initial migration." REPRODUCTION 149, no. 2 (2015): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0433.

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In most animals, primordial germ cells (PGCs) originate from an extragonadal region and migrate across the embryo to the gonads, where they differentiate and function. During their migration, PGCs move passively by morphogenetic movement of the embryo or move actively through signaling molecules. To uncover the underlying mechanism of first-phase PGC migration toward the germinal crescent in chickens, we investigated the spatial and temporal action of PGCs during primitive streak formation. Exogenously transplanted PGCs migrated toward the anterior region of the embryo and the embryonic gonads

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Aflatoonian, Behrouz, and Harry Moore. "Germ cells from mouse and human embryonic stem cells." Reproduction 132, no. 5 (2006): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0022.

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Mammalian gametes are derived from a founder population of primordial germ cells (PGCs) that are determined early in embryogenesis and set aside for unique development. Understanding the mechanisms of PGC determination and differentiation is important for elucidating causes of infertility and how endocrine disrupting chemicals may potentially increase susceptibility to congenital reproductive abnormalities and conditions such as testicular cancer in adulthood (testicular dysgenesis syndrome). Primordial germ cells are closely related to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ (EG) cells

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Felici, Massimo De, and Gregorio Siracusa. "Adhesiveness of mouse primordial germ cells to follicular and Sertoli cell monolayers." Development 87, no. 1 (1985): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.87.1.87.

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The adhesiveness of female and male mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) to somatic cell monolayers of various origin has been studied in the definite conditions of an in vitro system. PGCs were isolated from the gonads of embryos of various post coital ages according to the method of De Felici & McLaren (1982), and seeded on the cell monolayers. PGCs from 12·5 to 15·5 days post coitum (dpc) embryos specifically adhered to Sertoli and follicular cells obtained from adult gonads. The percentage of female PGCs which adhered to follicular cell monolayers was significantly higher than that of ma

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13

Nakamura, Y., Y. Yamamoto, F. Usui, et al. "150 THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS IN EARLY CHICK EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab150.

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In all vertebrates, primordial germ cells (PGCs) appear during early stages of development in extragonadal sites, then they migrate to the gonad and give rise to ova or spermatozoa. Unlike in other species, however, in avian and reptile embryos, PGCs use the vascular system as a vehicle to transport them to the future gonadal region where they leave the blood vessels. The present study was carried out to know the details of this unique migration pathway and the proliferation of endogenous PGCs in chicken embryos. Whole of the chicken embryos during stages X [Roman numerals refer to the staging

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Liao, Huijuan, Yan Chen, Yulong Li, et al. "CFTR is required for the migration of primordial germ cells during zebrafish early embryogenesis." Reproduction 156, no. 3 (2018): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0681.

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Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene affect fertility in both sexes. However, the involvement of CFTR in regulating germ cell development remains largely unknown. Here, we used zebrafish model to investigate the role of CFTR in primordial germ cells (PGCs) development. We generated a cftr frameshift mutant zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and investigated the migration of PGCs during early embryo development. Our results showed that loss of Cftr impairs the migration of PGCs from dome stages onward. The migration of PGCs was also perturbed

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Ying, Ying, Xiaoxia Qi, and Guang-Quan Zhao. "Induction of Primordial Germ Cells from Pluripotent Epiblast." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.155.

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The formation of germ cells during embryogenesis bears the ultimate importance for the continuation of every species. It becomes evident that mechanisms governing germ cell fate specification are not well conserved across the animal kingdom. In most of the invertebrate and nonmammalian vertebrate species, certain maternally derived factors are key to the establishment of germ cell lineage. In contrast, mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) are induced from the pluripotent epiblast cells before and during gastrulation by the extraembryonic cell-derived signals. The molecular identity for some of t

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Adams, Ian R., and Anne McLaren. "Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis." Development 129, no. 5 (2002): 1155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.5.1155.

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During embryogenesis, primordial germ cells (PGCs) have the potential to enter either spermatogenesis or oogenesis. In a female genital ridge, or in a non-gonadal environment, PGCs develop as meiotic oocytes. However, male gonadal somatic cells inhibit PGCs from entering meiosis and direct them to a spermatogenic fate. We have examined the ability of PGCs from male and female embryos to respond to the masculinising environment of the male genital ridge, defining a temporal window during which PGCs retain a bipotential fate. To help understand how PGCs respond to the male gonadal environment, w

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Hong-Mei, Ding, Xu Shi-Yong, Shao Gen-Bao, Sun Yan, Wang Meng, and Liu Hong-Lin*. "Lentiviral vector transfection of chicken embryo primordial germ cells in vitro." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001854.

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AbstractLentiviruses as gene transfer vectors have been used successfully to transfect mammal embryonic stem cells and germline stem cells, but this has not been attempted in avian primordial germ cells (PGCs). PGCs were isolated from the gonads of Isa-brown chicken embryos at stage 28 and co-cultured with gonadal stroma cells. A lentiviral vector pLenti-CMV-EGFP was constructed and the virus harvested by cotransfecting 293FT cells with the vector and packaging plasmids. Concentrated lentiviruses were used to transfect chicken PGCs, the transfection efficiency was up to 24.19%.

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Svoradová, Andrea, Jaromír Vašíček, Alexander Ostró, and Peter Chrenek. "Aldehyde dehydrogenase in fresh primordial germ cells as a marker of cell ‘stemness’." Zygote 27, no. 1 (2019): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199418000631.

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SummaryChicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the primary pluripotent stem cell types that will differentiate towards germ cells. High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is considered as a functional marker for the detection of cell ‘stemness’. In our study the ALDEFLUOR™ kit was used for determination of ALDH activity in PGCs. PGCs were co-stained with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) and ALDH and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed a small cell population (8.0 ± 3.3%) upon preincubation of the cells with the specific inhibitor DEAB, however cells without inhibitor staining sh

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Shim, S. W., S. J. Song, H. S. Shim, et al. "178 ESTABLISHMENT OF MOUSE PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS GENERATED FROM PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab178.

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Pluripotent stem cells have been generated from two embryonic sources: ES cells generated from ICM of blastocyst stage embryos, and embryonic germ (EG) cells generated from primordial germ cells (PGCs). Both ES and EG cells are pluripotent and exhibit important characteristics such as high alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, multicellular colony formation, normal and stable karyotype, continuous passaging ability, and capacity to differentiate into three embryonic germ layers. This study was performed to establish the culture system for mouse EG cells derived from mouse PGCs. PGCs collected fr

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Cantú, Andrea V., Svetlana Altshuler-Keylin, and Diana J. Laird. "Discrete somatic niches coordinate proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells via Wnt signaling." Journal of Cell Biology 214, no. 2 (2016): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201511061.

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Inheritance depends on the expansion of a small number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the early embryo. Proliferation of mammalian PGCs is concurrent with their movement through changing microenvironments; however, mechanisms coordinating these conflicting processes remain unclear. Here, we find that PGC proliferation varies by location rather than embryonic age. Ror2 and Wnt5a mutants with mislocalized PGCs corroborate the microenvironmental regulation of the cell cycle, except in the hindgut, where Wnt5a is highly expressed. Molecular and genetic evidence suggests that Wnt5a acts via Ror

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Kim, Heebal, Tae Sub Park, Woon Kyu Lee, et al. "MPSS profiling of embryonic gonad and primordial germ cells in chicken." Physiological Genomics 29, no. 3 (2007): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00067.2006.

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The massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) provides a greater depth of coverage than expressed sequence tag scan or microarray and provides a comprehensive expression profile. We used the MPSS technology to uncover gene expression profiling in the early embryonic gonads and primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the chicken. Total numbers of sequenced signatures were 1,012,533 and 995,676 for the PGCs and gonad, respectively. Using a noise distribution model, we found that 1.67% of all signatures are expressed at a higher level in PCGs and 2.81% of all signatures are expressed at a higher lev

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Weidinger, Gilbert, Uta Wolke, Marion Köprunner, Christine Thisse, Bernard Thisse, and Erez Raz. "Regulation of zebrafish primordial germ cell migration by attraction towards an intermediate target." Development 129, no. 1 (2002): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.1.25.

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Migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from their site of specification towards the developing gonad is controlled by directional cues from somatic tissues. Although in several animals the PGCs are attracted by signals emanating from their final target, the gonadal mesoderm, little is known about the mechanisms that control earlier steps of migration. We provide evidence that a key step of zebrafish PGC migration, in which the PGCs become organized into bilateral clusters in the anterior trunk, is regulated by attraction of PGCs towards an intermediate target. Time-lapse observations of wil

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Glumakova, K. A., O. N. Mityaeva, E. N. Antonova, O. V. Glazova, A. S. Komarchev, and P. Y. Volchkov. "95 Obtaining birds with chimeric gonads using invitro lentiviral transduction of primordial germ cells." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab95.

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Avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) have unique migration capacity towards the gonads via the bloodstream. Therefore, PGCs invitro genome modification is a dominant approach for poultry genetic modification. The aim of this study was to improve cultivation conditions of PGCs in terms of proliferation activity and further analyse their migration abilities. We isolated PGCs from whole blood cells collected from the embryonic dorsal aorta (Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 14-17) and cultured them without feeder cells in customized avian knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium basal medium supplem

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Scarlet, D., U. Reichart, G. Podico, et al. "57 Primordial germ cell distribution in the horse fetal gonad." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab57.

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Germ cell development and differentiation is a complex process associated with down-regulation of stem cell-associated genes and up-regulation of markers of germ cell differentiation and meiosis. In horses, putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) were identified outside the gonads starting 20 days after ovulation (Curran et al. 1997 Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 25, 72-76). However, no information is available after the time when these cells enter the gonad. The aim of this study was to identify, localise, and quantify PGCs in fetal male and female gonads. Twelve (5 males and 7 females) equine fetuses w

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Baloch, Fučíková, Rodina, et al. "Delivery of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles into Primordial Germ Cells in Sturgeon." Biomolecules 9, no. 8 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080333.

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Nanoparticles are finding increasing applications in diagnostics, imaging and therapeutics in medicine. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have received significant interest of scientific community due to their distinctive properties. For the first time, we have delivered IONs into germ cells in any species. Our results showed that sturgeon primordial germ cells (PGCs) delivered with IONs could be detected until seven days post fertilization (dpf) under fluorescent microscope and at 22 dpf by micro-CT. Delivery of IONs into cells could be helpful for studying germ cell biology and the improvement

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Ffrench-Constant, C., A. Hollingsworth, J. Heasman, and C. C. Wylie. "Response to fibronectin of mouse primordial germ cells before, during and after migration." Development 113, no. 4 (1991): 1365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.113.4.1365.

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The adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin is thought to play a central role in cell migration during embryogenesis. In order to define this role, we have examined the response to fibronectin in cell culture of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) before, during and after their migration from the hindgut into their target tissue, the genital ridges. Using an explant culture system, we show that PGCs will emigrate from tissue fragments containing hindgut, and that fibronectin stimulates this migration. Adhesion assays show that the start of PGC migration is associated with a fall

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McLaren, Anne, and Gabriela Durcova-Hills. "Germ cells and pluripotent stem cells in the mouse." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 8 (2001): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01080.

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For many years, attempts to achieve long-term culture of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) proved unsuccessful, even when feeder layers were used and individual growth factors were added to the medium. However, when three growth factors were added simultaneously to the medium, some of the cells continued to proliferate indefinitely. Similar to embryonic stem cell lines, these embryonic germ (EG) cell lines were capable of giving rise to embryoid bodies in vitro, and colonizing all cell lineages in chimeras, including the germline. Initially, EG cells were made from PGCs before migration, 8.5

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Alexopoulos, N. I., N. T. D'Cruz, and P. Maddox-Hyttel. "140 LOCALIZATION OF PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS IN DAY 21 BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab140.

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In most animal species, germ cell precursors, i.e., primordial germ cells (PGCs), arise from the epiblast and then migrate to the future gonadal ridge during development. At least in the mouse, PGCs may be cultured as embryonic germ cells that remain pluripotent. PGCs are the only cells in which OCT4 expression is maintained after gastrulation. The present study aimed at identifying the localization of PGCs in Day 21 in vivo-derived bovine embryos by immunohistochemical staining against OCT4. Six embryos were obtained after slaughter of superovulated heifers 21 days after insemination. The ute

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Ginsburg, M., M. H. Snow, and A. McLaren. "Primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo during gastrulation." Development 110, no. 2 (1990): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.2.521.

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With the aid of a whole-mount technique, we have detected a small cluster of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells in whole mounts of mid-primitive-streak-stage embryos, 7–7 1/4 days post coitum (dpc). Within the cluster, about 8 cells contain a small cytoplasmic spot, intensely stained for ALP activity and possibly associated with an active Golgi complex. The cluster lies just posterior to the definitive primitive streak in the extraembryonic mesoderm, separated from the embryo by the amniotic fold. Towards the end of gastrulation, the number of cells containing the ALP-positive spot rise

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Pepling, Melissa E. "Follicular assembly: mechanisms of action." REPRODUCTION 143, no. 2 (2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-11-0299.

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The differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) into functional oocytes is important for the continuation of species. In mammals, PGCs begin to differentiate into oocytes during embryonic development. Oocytes develop in clusters called germ line cysts. During fetal or neonatal development, germ cell cysts break apart into single oocytes that become surrounded by pregranulosa cells to form primordial follicles. During the process of cyst breakdown, a subset of cells in each cyst undergoes cell death with only one-third of the initial number of oocytes surviving to form primordial follicles.

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Ikenishi, K., and Y. Tsuzaki. "The positional effect of presumptive primordial germ cells (pPGCs) on their differentiation into PGCs in Xenopus." Development 102, no. 3 (1988): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.102.3.527.

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To determine whether the location of ‘germ plasm’-bearing cells [presumptive primordial germ cells (pPGCs)] is crucial for their differentiation into PGCs in Xenopus, [3H]thymidine-labelled pPGCs were implanted into the anterior or posterior halves of the endoderm in unlabelled host neurulae. Labelled PGCs in the genital ridges of experimental tadpoles were investigated by autoradiography. When the labelled pPGCs were implanted into posterior halves of the endoderm where host pPGCs are situated, 65 and 77% of the experimental tadpoles (designated as p-tadpoles) had the labelled PGCs in series

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Alonso, Edurne, Francisco J. Sáez, Juan F. Madrid, and Francisco Hernández. "Lectin Histochemistry Shows Fucosylated Glycoconjugates in the Primordial Germ Cells of Xenopus Embryos." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 2 (2003): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100212.

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Previous works have shown that glycoconjugates with terminal fucose (Fuc) are located in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of some mammals and might play a role in the migration and adhesion processes during development. The aim of this work was to identify the terminal Fuc moieties of Xenopus PGCs by means of three Fuc-binding lectins: from asparagus pea (LTA), gorse seed (UEA-I), and orange peel fungus (AAA). The histochemical procedures were also carried out after deglycosylation pretreatments: β-elimination with NaOH to remove O-linked oligosaccharides; incubation with PNGase F to remove N-

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Tam, P. P., S. X. Zhou, and S. S. Tan. "X-chromosome activity of the mouse primordial germ cells revealed by the expression of an X-linked lacZ transgene." Development 120, no. 10 (1994): 2925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.10.2925.

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We have determined the timing of the inactivation and reactivation of the X chromosome in the mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) by monitoring the expression of an X-linked HMG-lacZ reporter gene. PGCs were identified by their distinct alkaline phosphatase activity and they were first localised in the primitive streak and allantoic bud of the 7.5-day gastrulating embryo. Although inactivation of the transgene was found in some PGCs at these sites, at least 85% of the population were still expressing the lacZ gene. This suggests that, although X-inactivation has commenced during gastrulation, t

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Ying, Ying, Xiao-Ming Liu, Amy Marble, Kirstie A. Lawson, and Guang-Quan Zhao. "Requirement of Bmp8b for the Generation of Primordial Germ Cells in the Mouse." Molecular Endocrinology 14, no. 7 (2000): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.14.7.0479.

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Abstract In the mouse embryo, the generation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the epiblast requires a bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) signal from the adjacent extraembryonic ectoderm. In this study, we report that Bmp8b, a member of the Gbb-60A class of the BMP superfamily, is expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm in pregastrula and gastrula stage mouse embryos and is required for PGC generation. A mutation in Bmp8b on a mixed genetic background results in the absence of PGCs in 43% null mutant embryos and severe reduction in PGC number in the remainder. The heterozygotes are unaffe

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Babich, Bridget, George Roba, Siti Sarah Safura, Kevin Callahan, and Edward Freeman. "Transcription of nanos-1 in Zebrafish Embryos is not Affected by Bisphenol A: Evaluated Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 16, no. 1 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.012.

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The presence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is crucial for proper gonad formation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The many aspects of PGC migration that allow these cells to reach the proper location at the gonadal ridge include receptors, ligands, germ plasm components, and internal maintenance of PGCs. Any one of these factors could be affected by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which have been shown to alter the directed migration of these cells during early embryonic development. Based on recent research wherein the EDC bisphenol A (BPA) inhibited normal PGC migration, we have used the

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Hickford, D., A. Pask, G. Shaw, and M. B. Renfree. "264. Primordial germ cell specification in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs264.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of the gametes. In the mouse, PGCs are specified within the proximal epiblast in response to signals from the extraembryonic membranes during early gastrulation. Epiblast cells competent to form PGCs express Ifitm3. A subset of these cells then express Blimp1, a marker of PGC precursors. Once lineage-restricted, PGCs express Stella. Germ cells entering the gonads express VASA protein, which is a component of the germ plasm in animals in which germ cells are specified by the inheritance of maternal determinatives. Almost all of the research on mam

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Tsunoda, Y., T. Tokunaga, H. Imai, and T. Uchida. "Nuclear transplantation of male primordial germ cells in the mouse." Development 107, no. 2 (1989): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.107.2.407.

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We examined the developmental ability of enucleated eggs receiving embryonic nuclei and male primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse. Reconstituted eggs developed into the blastocyst stage only when an earlier 2-cell nucleus was transplanted (36%) but very rarely if the donor nucleus was derived from a later 2-cell, 8-cell, or inner cell mass of a blastocyst (0–3%). 54–100%, 11–67%, 6–43% and 6–20% of enucleated eggs receiving male PGCs developed to 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell and blastocyst stage, respectively, in culture. The overall success rate when taking into account the total number of att

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Houston, D. W., and M. L. King. "A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus." Development 127, no. 3 (2000): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.3.447.

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Xdazl is an RNA component of Xenopus germ plasm and encodes an RNA-binding protein that can act as a functional homologue of Drosophila boule. boule is required for entry into meiotic cell division during fly spermatogenesis. Both Xdazl and boule are related to the human DAZ and DAZL, and murine Dazl genes, which are also involved in gamete differentiation. As suggested from its germ plasm localization, we show here that Xdazl is critically involved in PGC development in Xenopus. Xdazl protein is expressed in the cytoplasm, specifically in the germ plasm, from blastula to early tailbud stages.

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Mucksová, Jitka, Markéta Reinišová, Jiří Kalina, Barbora Lejčková, Jiří Hejnar, and Pavel Trefil. "Conservation of chicken male germline by orthotopic transplantation of primordial germ cells from genetically distant donors†." Biology of Reproduction 101, no. 1 (2019): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz064.

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Abstract Successful derivation and cultivation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) opened the way to efficient transgenesis and genome editing in the chicken. Furthermore, implantation of male PGCs from non-chicken galliform species into the chicken embryos resulted in cross-species germline chimeras and viable offspring. We have recently improved the PGC technology by demonstrating that chicken male PGCs transplanted into the testes of adult cockerel recipients mature into functional sperms. However, the availability of this orthotopic transplantation for cross-species transfer remains to be expl

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Kostaman, Tatan, and Soni Sopiyana. "Primordial germ cells profiles incubated for 24 hours in phosphate buffer saline [-] solution." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 3 (2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i3.1802.

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Gonadal development is a sequential process that can be divided into three major events: the PGCs migration, sex determination and gonadal differentiation. This study was aimed to see the development of PGCs isolated from the gonads of embryos after being incubated for 7 days and then was incubated using a solution of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) [-]. The developing gonad can be isolated from 7 days old chick and can be incubated at a temperature of 37.8<sup>o</sup>C in a solution of PBS [-]: without Ca2+ and Mg2+. The release of gonadal PGC was observed within 1, 8, 16, and 24 ho

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Ohinata, Yasuhide, Mitsue Sano, Mayo Shigeta, Kaori Yamanaka, and Mitinori Saitou. "A comprehensive, non-invasive visualization of primordial germ cell development in mice by the Prdm1-mVenus and Dppa3-ECFP double transgenic reporter." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 4 (2008): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0053.

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The ability to monitor the development of a given cell lineage in a non-invasive manner by fluorescent markers bothin vivoandin vitroprovides a great advantage for the analysis of the lineage of interest. To date, a number of transgenic or knock-in mouse strains, in which developing germ cells are marked with fluorescent reporters, have been generated. We here describe a novel double transgenic reporter mouse strain that expresses membrane-targeted Venus (mVenus), a brighter variant of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), under the control ofPrdm1(Blimp1) regulatory elements and enhanced cyan flu

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Jiang, Jingyi, Chen Chen, Shaoze Cheng, et al. "Long Noncoding RNA LncPGCR Mediated by TCF7L2 Regulates Primordial Germ Cell Formation in Chickens." Animals 11, no. 2 (2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020292.

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Although lncRNAs have been identified as playing critical roles in the development of germ cells, their potential involvement in the development of PGCs in chickens remains poorly understood. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) from previous RNA-seq of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), PGCs, and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were analyzed by K-means clustering, from which a key candidate, lncRNA (lncRNA PGC regulator, LncPGCR) was obtained. We confirmed that LncPGCR plays a positive role in the development of PGCs by increasing the expression of the PGC marker gene (Cvh and C-kit), while dow

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Gomperts, M., M. Garcia-Castro, C. Wylie, and J. Heasman. "Interactions between primordial germ cells play a role in their migration in mouse embryos." Development 120, no. 1 (1994): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.1.135.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the founder cell population of the gametes which form during the sexually mature stage of the life cycle. In the mouse, they arise early in embryogenesis, first becoming visible in the extraembryonic mesoderm, posterior to the primitive streak, at 7.5 days post coitum (d.p.c.). They subsequently become incorporated into the epithelium of the hind gut, from which they emigrate (9.5 d.p.c.) and move first into the dorsal mesentery (10.5 d.p.c.), and then into the genital ridges that lie on the dorsal body wall (11.5 d.p.c.). We have used confocal microscopy to st

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Pandey, Vivek, Anima Tripathi, and Pawan K. Dubey. "Expression and intracellular localization of Nanos2-homologue protein in primordial germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells." Zygote 27, no. 02 (2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000066.

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SummaryThe decision by germ cells to differentiate and undergo either oogenesis or spermatogenesis takes place during embryonic development and Nanos plays an important role in this process. The present study was designed to investigate the expression patterns in rat of Nanos2-homologue protein in primordial germ cells (PGCs) over different embryonic developmental days as well as in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Embryos from three different embryonic days (E8.5, E10.5, E11.5) and SSCs were isolated and used to detect Nanos2-homologue protein using immunocytochemistry, western blotting, rev

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Svoradová, Andrea, Alexander Makarevich, Jaromír Vašíček, Lucia Olexiková, Sasa Dragin, and Peter Chrenek. "Microscopic Assessment of Dead Cell Ratio in Cryopreserved Chicken Primordial Germ Cells." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 05 (2019): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927619014934.

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AbstractThis study aimed to compare three methods of cell death assessment [trypan blue exclusion (TBE), propidium iodide viability assay (PIVA), and transmission electron microscopy] to evaluate fresh and frozen–thawed chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). For this study, chicken PGCs were collected from ROSS 908 and Oravka breed hens, cryopreserved-thawed according to the protocol, and submitted for different cell death assessments. We observed significant differences between TBE and PIVA techniques in the detectable proportion of dead cells in fresh (14.14 ± 1.27 versus 7.16 ± 1.02%, respec

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De Felici, Massimo, Anna Di Carlo, and Maurizio Pesce. "Role of stem cell factor in somatic–germ cell interactions during prenatal oogenesis." Zygote 4, no. 04 (1996): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003373.

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During embryogenesis germ cells originate from primordial germ cells (PGCs). The development of mammalian PGCs involves a number of complex events (formation and segregation of PGC precursors, PGC migration and proliferation) which lead to the differentiation of oocytes or prospermatogonia (for a review see De Feliciet al., 1992). During recent years developments in methods for isolation, purification and culture of mouse PGCs have led to significant progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of migration, proliferation and differentiation of these cells (for reviews see De Felici,

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de Souza, Aline Fernanda, Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri, and Daniele dos Santos Martins. "Step by Step about Germ Cells Development in Canine." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030598.

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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been described as precursors of gametes and provide a connection within generations, passing on the genome to the next generation. Failures in the formation of gametes/germ cells can compromise the maintenance and conservation of species. Most of the studies with PGCs have been carried out in mice, but this species is not always the best study model when transposing this knowledge to humans. Domestic animals, such as canines (canine), have become a valuable translational research model for stem cells and therapy. Furthermore, the study of canine germ cells ope

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Halfter, W., B. Schurer, H. M. Hasselhorn, B. Christ, E. Gimpel, and H. H. Epperlein. "An ovomucin-like protein on the surface of migrating primordial germ cells of the chick and rat." Development 122, no. 3 (1996): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.3.915.

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A mucin was discovered on the surface of migratory primordial germ cells (PGCs) from chick and rat embryos by means of two monoclonal antibodies. The protein was found to be identical or closely related to ovomucin, a 600 X 10(3) relative molecular mass glycoprotein, and a major constituent of the vitelline membrane of the avian yolk. Based on its resemblance to ovomucin it is referred to as ovomucin-like protein (OLP). The OLP was expressed on PGCs from E3 to E7 female, and from E3 to E12 male chick embryos as the PGCs migrate and colonize the gonadal ridges. After the PGCs have settled in th

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Zuo, Qisheng, Jing Zhou, Man Wang, Yani Zhang, Guohong Chen, and Bichun Li. "Study on the Function and Mechanism of Lin28B in the Formation of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells." Animals 11, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010043.

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Lin28A and Lin28B are two homologues of the same family of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). The function and molecular mechanism of Lin28A in the formation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are very clear, but the related research on Lin28B is rarely reported. Here, we found that the overexpression of Lin28B can promote the formation of PGC in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of Lin28B also resulted in the inhibition of totipotency gene expression and upregulated the PGCs marker genes, and a significant increase in the number of PGCs in genital ridge, as detected by Periodic Acid-Schiff(PAS) st

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Cheng, L., D. P. Gearing, L. S. White, D. L. Compton, K. Schooley, and P. J. Donovan. "Role of leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor in mouse primordial germ cell growth." Development 120, no. 11 (1994): 3145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.11.3145.

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The pleiotropic cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is able to promote the growth of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) in culture. It is unclear whether LIF acts directly on PGCs or indirectly via feeder cells or embryonic somatic cells. To understand the role of LIF in PGC growth, we have carried out molecular and cell culture analyses to investigate the role of both the LIF ligand and its receptor in PGC development. LIF is able to stimulate PGC growth independently of the presence of feeder cells supporting the hypothesis that LIF acts directly on PGCs to promote their growth. We sho

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