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Journal articles on the topic 'Primordial mantle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Zhou, Susannah M. Dorfman, Jabrane Labidi, et al. "Primordial metallic melt in the deep mantle." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 8 (2016): 3693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068560.

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2

Gülcher, Anna Johanna Pia, Maxim Dionys Ballmer, and Paul James Tackley. "Coupled dynamics and evolution of primordial and recycled heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle." Solid Earth 12, no. 9 (2021): 2087–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2087-2021.

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Abstract. The nature of compositional heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle remains a long-standing puzzle that can inform about the long-term thermochemical evolution and dynamics of our planet. Here, we use global-scale 2D models of thermochemical mantle convection to investigate the coupled evolution and mixing of (intrinsically dense) recycled and (intrinsically strong) primordial heterogeneity in the mantle. We explore the effects of ancient compositional layering of the mantle, as motivated by magma ocean solidification studies, and of the physical parameters of primordial material. Depe

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3

Hallis, Lydia J., Gary R. Huss, Kazuhide Nagashima, et al. "Evidence for primordial water in Earth’s deep mantle." Science 350, no. 6262 (2015): 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4834.

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4

Jackson, M. G., J. G. Konter, and T. W. Becker. "Primordial helium entrained by the hottest mantle plumes." Nature 542, no. 7641 (2017): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21023.

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5

Ichikawa, Hiroki, Steeve Gréaux, and Shintaro Azuma. "Subduction of the primordial crust into the deep mantle." Geoscience Frontiers 8, no. 2 (2017): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.08.003.

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6

Anderson, D. L. "Helium-3 from the Mantle: Primordial Signal or Cosmic Dust?" Science 261, no. 5118 (1993): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5118.170.

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7

Lee, Cin-Ty A., Peter Luffi, Tobias Höink, Jie Li, Rajdeep Dasgupta, and John Hernlund. "Upside-down differentiation and generation of a ‘primordial’ lower mantle." Nature 463, no. 7283 (2010): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08824.

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8

Strazzulla, G., G. A. Baratta, R. E. Johnson, and B. Donn. "Primordial comet mantle: Irradiation production of a stable organic crust." Icarus 91, no. 1 (1991): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(91)90129-h.

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9

Deng, Hongping, Maxim D. Ballmer, Christian Reinhardt, et al. "Primordial Earth Mantle Heterogeneity Caused by the Moon-forming Giant Impact?" Astrophysical Journal 887, no. 2 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab50b9.

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10

Boyet, Maud, Michael O. Garcia, Raphaël Pik, and Francis Albarède. "A search for142Nd evidence of primordial mantle heterogeneities in plume basalts." Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 4 (2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004gl021873.

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11

Timmerman, S., M. Honda, A. D. Burnham, et al. "Primordial and recycled helium isotope signatures in the mantle transition zone." Science 365, no. 6454 (2019): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax5293.

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Isotope compositions of basalts provide information about the chemical reservoirs in Earth’s interior and play a critical role in defining models of Earth’s structure. However, the helium isotope signature of the mantle below depths of a few hundred kilometers has been difficult to measure directly. This information is a vital baseline for understanding helium isotopes in erupted basalts. We measured He-Sr-Pb isotope ratios in superdeep diamond fluid inclusions from the transition zone (depth of 410 to 660 kilometers) unaffected by degassing and shallow crustal contamination. We found extreme

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12

Lin, Huei-Ting, Marvin D. Lilley, John E. Lupton, and Michael S. Rappé. "Mantle degassing of primordial helium through submarine ridge flank basaltic basement." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 546 (September 2020): 116386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116386.

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13

Jain, Charitra, Antoine B. Rozel, Paul J. Tackley, Patrick Sanan, and Taras V. Gerya. "Growing primordial continental crust self-consistently in global mantle convection models." Gondwana Research 73 (September 2019): 96–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.03.015.

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14

Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy, and Rita Parai. "Noble Gases: A Record of Earth's Evolution and Mantle Dynamics." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 47, no. 1 (2019): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060238.

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Noble gases have played a key role in our understanding of the origin of Earth's volatiles, mantle structure, and long-term degassing of the mantle. Here we synthesize new insights into these topics gained from high-precision noble gas data. Our analysis reveals new constraints on the origin of the terrestrial atmosphere, the presence of nebular neon but chondritic krypton and xenon in the mantle, and a memory of multiple giant impacts during accretion. Furthermore, the reservoir supplying primordial noble gases to plumes appears to be distinct from the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) reservoir

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15

Anderson, Don L. "A model to explain the various paradoxes associated with mantle noble gas geochemistry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 16 (1998): 9087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.16.9087.

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As a result of an energetic accretion, the Earth is a volatile-poor and strongly differentiated planet. The volatile elements can be accounted for by a late veneer (≈1% of total mass of the Earth). The incompatible elements are strongly concentrated into the exosphere (atmosphere, oceans, sediments, and crust) and upper mantle. Recent geochemical models invoke a large primordial undegassed reservoir with chondritic abundances of uranium and helium, which is clearly at odds with mass and energy balance calculations. The basic assumption behind these models is that excess “primordial” 3He is res

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16

Matsumoto, Takuya, Yuelong Chen, and Jun-ichi Matsuda. "Concomitant occurrence of primordial and recycled noble gases in the Earth’s mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 185, no. 1-2 (2001): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00375-7.

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17

Caffee, M. W. "Primordial Noble Gases from Earth's Mantle: Identification of a Primitive Volatile Component." Science 285, no. 5436 (1999): 2115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5436.2115.

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18

Gülcher, Anna J. P., David J. Gebhardt, Maxim D. Ballmer, and Paul J. Tackley. "Variable dynamic styles of primordial heterogeneity preservation in the Earth's lower mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 536 (April 2020): 116160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116160.

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19

Trieloff, Mario, Joachim Kunz, and Claude J. Allègre. "Noble gas systematics of the Réunion mantle plume source and the origin of primordial noble gases in Earth’s mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 200, no. 3-4 (2002): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00639-8.

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20

Trieloff, Mario, and Joachim Kunz. "Isotope systematics of noble gases in the Earth's mantle: possible sources of primordial isotopes and implications for mantle structure." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 148, no. 1 (2005): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2004.07.007.

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21

Dottin, James W., Jabrane Labidi, Vedran Lekic, Matthew G. Jackson, and James Farquhar. "Sulfur isotope characterization of primordial and recycled sources feeding the Samoan mantle plume." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 534 (March 2020): 116073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116073.

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22

Broadley, Michael W., Peter H. Barry, David V. Bekaert, et al. "Identification of chondritic krypton and xenon in Yellowstone gases and the timing of terrestrial volatile accretion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 25 (2020): 13997–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003907117.

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Identifying the origin of noble gases in Earth’s mantle can provide crucial constraints on the source and timing of volatile (C, N, H2O, noble gases, etc.) delivery to Earth. It remains unclear whether the early Earth was able to directly capture and retain volatiles throughout accretion or whether it accreted anhydrously and subsequently acquired volatiles through later additions of chondritic material. Here, we report high-precision noble gas isotopic data from volcanic gases emanating from, in and around, the Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming, United States). We show that the He and Ne isotopic

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23

Galsa, A., M. Herein, L. Lenkey, M. P. Farkas, and G. Taller. "Effective buoyancy ratio: a new parameter for characterizing thermo-chemical mixing in the Earth's mantle." Solid Earth 6, no. 1 (2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-93-2015.

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Abstract. Numerical modeling has been carried out in a 2-D cylindrical shell domain to quantify the evolution of a primordial dense layer around the core–mantle boundary. Effective buoyancy ratio, Beff was introduced to characterize the evolution of the two-layer thermo-chemical convection in the Earth's mantle. Beff decreases with time due to (1) warming of the compositionally dense layer, (2) cooling of the overlying mantle, (3) eroding of the dense layer through thermal convection in the overlying mantle and (4) diluting of the dense layer through inner convection. When Beff reaches the ins

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24

Galsa, A., M. Herein, L. Lenkey, M. P. Farkas, and G. Taller. "Effective buoyancy ratio: a new parameter to characterize thermo-chemical mixing in the Earth's mantle." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 2 (2014): 2675–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-2675-2014.

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Abstract. Numerical modeling has been carried out in a 2-D cylindrical shell domain to quantify the evolution of a primordial dense layer around the core mantle boundary. Effective buoyancy ratio, Beff was introduced to characterize the evolution of the two-layer thermo-chemical convection in the Earth's mantle. Beff decreases with time due to (1) warming the compositionally dense layer, (2) cooling the overlying mantle, (3) eroding the dense layer by thermal convection in the overlying mantle, and (4) diluting the dense layer by inner convection. When Beff reaches the instability point, Beff

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25

Dostal, J., R. A. Wilson, and J. D. Keppie. "Geochemistry of Siluro-Devonian Tobique volcanic belt in northern and central New Brunswick (Canada): tectonic implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 6 (1989): 1282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-108.

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Siluro-Devonian volcanic rocks of the northwestern mainland Appalachians are found mainly in the Tobique belt of New Brunswick where they consist predominantly of bimodal mafic–felsic suites erupted in a continental-rift environment. The axis of the Tobique rift trends north-northeast – south-southwest, obliquely to the regional northeast–southwest trend of the Appalachians. These geometric relationships are interpreted as being the result of rifting in a sinistral shear regime produced during emplacement of the Avalon terrene. The basaltic rocks are continental tholeiites and transitional bas

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26

Yoshioka, Takahiro, Michael Wiedenbeck, Svyatoslav Shcheka, and Hans Keppler. "Nitrogen solubility in the deep mantle and the origin of Earth's primordial nitrogen budget." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 488 (April 2018): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.021.

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27

Schaefer, Laura, and Linda T. Elkins-Tanton. "Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2132 (2018): 20180109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0109.

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Magma oceans are a common result of the high degree of heating that occurs during planet formation. It is thought that almost all of the large rocky bodies in the Solar System went through at least one magma ocean phase. In this paper, we review some of the ways in which magma ocean models for the Earth, Moon and Mars match present-day observations of mantle reservoirs, internal structure and primordial crusts, and then we present new calculations for the oxidation state of the mantle produced during the magma ocean phase. The crystallization of magma oceans probably leads to a massive mantle

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28

Thorpe, R. S., M. E. Cosgrove, and P. W. C. van Calsteren. "Rare earth element, Sr- and Nd-isotope evidence for petrogenesis of Permian basaltic and K-rich volcanic rocks from south-west England." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 357 (1986): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.357.11.

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AbstractPermian basic/ultrabasic lavas from south-west England may be divided into a ‘basaltic’ and a K-rich group. Both groups have enrichment of large-ion lithophile (LIL) elements relative to high field strength (HFS) elements, and the K-rich group show large degrees of LIL enrichment (c.50–500 times primordial mantle) in association with varied transition element concentrations. Samples from both groups 87Sr/86Sri = 0.704–0.705 and 143Nd/144Ndi = 0.5123–0.5127 and plot close to the mantle array on an ɛSr−ɛNd diagram. These data are interpreted in terms of derivation of the lavas from magma

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29

Mundl-Petermeier, A., R. J. Walker, M. G. Jackson, J. Blichert-Toft, M. D. Kurz, and S. A. Halldórsson. "Temporal evolution of primordial tungsten-182 and 3He/4He signatures in the Iceland mantle plume." Chemical Geology 525 (October 2019): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.026.

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30

Charlier, Bernard, Timothy L. Grove, Olivier Namur, and Francois Holtz. "Crystallization of the lunar magma ocean and the primordial mantle-crust differentiation of the Moon." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 234 (August 2018): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.05.006.

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31

Ni, Huaiwei, Yong-Fei Zheng, Zhu Mao, Qin Wang, Ren-Xu Chen, and Li Zhang. "Distribution, cycling and impact of water in the Earth's interior." National Science Review 4, no. 6 (2017): 879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx130.

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Abstract The Earth's deep interior is a hidden water reservoir on a par with the hydrosphere that is crucial for keeping the Earth as a habitable planet. In particular, nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) in the silicate Earth host a significant amount of water by accommodating H point defects in their crystal lattices. Water distribution in the silicate Earth is highly heterogeneous, and the mantle transition zone may contain more water than the upper and lower mantles. Plate subduction transports surface water to various depths, with a series of hydrous minerals and NAMs serving as water car

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32

Palot, M., P. Cartigny, J. W. Harris, F. V. Kaminsky, and T. Stachel. "Evidence for deep mantle convection and primordial heterogeneity from nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes in diamond." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 357-358 (December 2012): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.09.015.

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33

Huang, Dongyang, James Badro, and Julien Siebert. "The niobium and tantalum concentration in the mantle constrains the composition of Earth’s primordial magma ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 45 (2020): 27893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007982117.

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The bulk silicate Earth (BSE), and all its sampleable reservoirs, have a subchondritic niobium-to-tantalum ratio (Nb/Ta). Because both elements are refractory, and Nb/Ta is fairly constant across chondrite groups, this can only be explained by a preferential sequestration of Nb relative to Ta in a hidden (unsampled) reservoir. Experiments have shown that Nb becomes more siderophile than Ta under very reducing conditions, leading the way for the accepted hypothesis that Earth’s core could have stripped sufficient amounts of Nb during its formation to account for the subchondritic signature of t

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34

Limare, Angela, Claude Jaupart, Edouard Kaminski, Loic Fourel, and Cinzia G. Farnetani. "Convection in an internally heated stratified heterogeneous reservoir." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 870 (May 7, 2019): 67–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.243.

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The Earth’s mantle is chemically heterogeneous and probably includes primordial material that has not been affected by melting and attendant depletion of heat-producing radioactive elements. One consequence is that mantle internal heat sources are not distributed uniformly. Convection induces mixing, such that the flow pattern, the heat source distribution and the thermal structure are continuously evolving. These phenomena are studied in the laboratory using a novel microwave-based experimental set-up for convection in internally heated systems. We follow the development of convection and mix

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35

Giuliani, Andrea, Matthew G. Jackson, Angus Fitzpayne, and Hayden Dalton. "Remnants of early Earth differentiation in the deepest mantle-derived lavas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (2020): e2015211118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015211118.

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The noble gas isotope systematics of ocean island basalts suggest the existence of primordial mantle signatures in the deep mantle. Yet, the isotopic compositions of lithophile elements (Sr, Nd, Hf) in these lavas require derivation from a mantle source that is geochemically depleted by melt extraction rather than primitive. Here, this apparent contradiction is resolved by employing a compilation of the Sr, Nd, and Hf isotope composition of kimberlites—volcanic rocks that originate at great depth beneath continents. This compilation includes kimberlites as old as 2.06 billion years and shows t

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36

Costa, Maria M., Ninna K. Jensen, Laura C. Bouvier, et al. "The internal structure and geodynamics of Mars inferred from a 4.2-Gyr zircon record." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 30973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016326117.

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Combining U–Pb ages with Lu–Hf data in zircon provides insights into the magmatic history of rocky planets. The Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034/7533 meteorites are samples of the southern highlands of Mars containing zircon with ages as old as 4476.3 ± 0.9 Ma, interpreted to reflect reworking of the primordial Martian crust by impacts. We extracted a statistically significant zircon population (n= 57) from NWA 7533 that defines a temporal record spanning 4.2 Gyr. Ancient zircons record ages from 4485.5 ± 2.2 Ma to 4331.0 ± 1.4 Ma, defining a bimodal distribution with groupings at 4474 ± 10 Ma and

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37

Szwillus, Wolfgang, Jörg Ebbing, and Bernhard Steinberger. "Increased density of large low-velocity provinces recovered by seismologically constrained gravity inversion." Solid Earth 11, no. 4 (2020): 1551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1551-2020.

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Abstract. The nature and origin of the two large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) in the lowest part of the mantle remain controversial. These structures have been interpreted as a purely thermal feature, accumulation of subducted oceanic lithosphere or a primordial zone of iron enrichment. Information regarding the density of the LLVPs would help to constrain a possible explanation. In this work, we perform a density inversion for the entire mantle, by constraining the geometry of potential density anomalies using tomographic vote maps. Vote maps describe the geometry of potential density anoma

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38

Li, Yang, Frédéric Deschamps, and Paul J. Tackley. "Effects of low-viscosity post-perovskite on the stability and structure of primordial reservoirs in the lower mantle." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 20 (2014): 7089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl061362.

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39

Nakagawa, Takashi, and Paul J. Tackley. "Influence of combined primordial layering and recycled MORB on the coupled thermal evolution of Earth's mantle and core." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, no. 3 (2014): 619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gc005128.

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40

Loewen, Matthew W., David W. Graham, Ilya N. Bindeman, John E. Lupton, and Michael O. Garcia. "Hydrogen isotopes in high 3He/4He submarine basalts: Primordial vs. recycled water and the veil of mantle enrichment." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 508 (February 2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.012.

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41

Rasskazov, Sergei, Yi-Min Sun, Irina Chuvashova, et al. "Trace-Element and Pb Isotope Evidence on Extracting Sulfides from Potassic Melts beneath Longmenshan and Molabushan Volcanoes, Wudalianchi, Northeast China." Minerals 10, no. 4 (2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040319.

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In the Wudalianchi volcanic field, eruptions started with low-Mg potassic lava flows 2.5–2.0 Ma ago and later changed to both low- and moderate-Mg potassic compositions. Volcanic rocks from the Molabushan and Longmenshan volcanoes record an unusually wide range of Pb abundances (from 3.7 ppm to 21 ppm relative to predominant range of 10–15 ppm). To determine the cause of these, we performed a comparative trace-element and Pb isotope study of rocks from these volcanoes and older lava flows. On a uranogenic lead diagram, older low-Mg lavas from lithospheric mantle sources plot on a secondary iso

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42

Ballentine, Chris J., and Greg Holland. "What CO 2 well gases tell us about the origin of noble gases in the mantle and their relationship to the atmosphere." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1883 (2008): 4183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0150.

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Study of commercially produced volcanic CO 2 gas associated with the Colorado Plateau, USA, has revealed substantial new information about the noble gas isotopic composition and elemental abundance pattern of the mantle. Combined with published data from mid-ocean ridge basalts, it is now clear that the convecting mantle has a maximum 20 Ne/ 22 Ne isotopic composition, indistinguishable from that attributed to solar wind-implanted (SWI) neon in meteorites. This is distinct from the higher 20 Ne/ 22 Ne isotopic value expected for solar nebula gases. The non-radiogenic xenon isotopic composition

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43

Barr, Jay A., and Timothy L. Grove. "Experimental petrology of the Apollo 15 group A green glasses: Melting primordial lunar mantle and magma ocean cumulate assimilation." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 106 (April 2013): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.035.

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44

Brown, Stephanie M., Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, and Richard J. Walker. "Effects of magma ocean crystallization and overturn on the development of 142Nd and 182W isotopic heterogeneities in the primordial mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 408 (December 2014): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.025.

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45

Permi, Harish S., Sandeep Rai, Padma Shetty, Sunil Kumar Y., and Kiran H. S. "CYTOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE OF PAEDIATRIC RETROPERITONEAL GANGLIONEUROMA- A RARE CASE REPORT." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 02 (2014): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703786.

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Abstract:Ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor that originates from primordial neural crest cells which migrate from the mantle layer of the developing spinal cord to the sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and other sites. The most affected anatomical sites are the posterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, adrenal gland, head and neck. It occurs most commonly in children over 10 years of age and consists of ganglion and Schwann cells. We report a case of 9 – year- old male child who presented with mass per abdomen in the right hypochondrium. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed mature ganglion c

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46

Neumann, Wladimir, Ralf Jaumann, Julie Castillo-Rogez, Carol A. Raymond, and Christopher T. Russell. "Ceres’ partial differentiation: undifferentiated crust mixing with a water-rich mantle." Astronomy & Astrophysics 633 (January 2020): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936607.

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Aims. We model thermal evolution and water-rock differentiation of small ice-rock objects that accreted at different heliocentric distances, while also considering migration into the asteroid belt for Ceres. We investigate how water-rock separation and various cooling processes influence Ceres’ structure and its thermal conditions at present. We also draw conclusions about the presence of liquids and the possibility of cryovolcanism. Methods. We calculated energy balance in bodies heated by radioactive decay and compaction-driven water-rock separation in a three-component dust-water/ice-empty

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47

Ernst, W. G., Norman H. Sleep, and Tatsuki Tsujimori. "Plate-tectonic evolution of the Earth: bottom-up and top-down mantle circulation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 11 (2016): 1103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0126.

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Intense devolatilization and chemical-density differentiation attended accretion of planetesimals on the primordial Earth. These processes gradually abated after cooling and solidification of an early magma ocean. By 4.3 or 4.2 Ga, water oceans were present, so surface temperatures had fallen far below low-pressure solidi of dry peridotite, basalt, and granite, ∼1300, ∼1120, and ∼950 °C, respectively. At less than half their T solidi, rocky materials existed as thin lithospheric slabs in the near-surface Hadean Earth. Stagnant-lid convection may have occurred initially but was at least episodi

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48

Schierjott, Jana, Antoine Rozel, and Paul Tackley. "On the self-regulating effect of grain size evolution in mantle convection models: application to thermochemical piles." Solid Earth 11, no. 3 (2020): 959–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-959-2020.

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Abstract. Seismic studies show two antipodal regions of lower shear velocity at the core–mantle boundary (CMB) called large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). They are thought to be thermally and chemically distinct and therefore might have a different density and viscosity than the ambient mantle. Employing a composite rheology, using both diffusion and dislocation creep, we investigate the influence of grain size evolution on the dynamics of thermochemical piles in evolutionary geodynamic models. We consider a primordial layer and a time-dependent basalt production at the surface to dyna

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Arkani-Hamed, Jafar. "The history of the core dynamos of Mars and the Moon inferred from their crustal magnetization: a brief review." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 9 (2019): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0068.

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Abstract:

The core dynamos of Mars and the Moon have distinctly different histories. Mars had no core dynamo at the end of accretion. It took ∼100 Myr for the core to create a strong dynamo that magnetized the martian crust. Giant impacts during 4.2–4.0 Ga crippled the core dynamo intermittently until a thick stagnant lithosphere developed on the surface and reduced the heat flux at the core–mantle boundary, killing the dynamo at ∼3.8 Ga. On the other hand, the Moon had a strong core dynamo at the end of accretion that lasted ∼100 Myr and magnetized its primordial crust. Either precession of the core or

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Li, Yang, Frédéric Deschamps, and Paul J. Tackley. "Small post‐perovskite patches at the base of lower mantle primordial reservoirs: Insights from 2‐D numerical modeling and implications for ULVZs." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 7 (2016): 3215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl067803.

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