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Grissom, Jason A., Richard S. L. Blissett, and Hajime Mitani. "Evaluating School Principals: Supervisor Ratings of Principal Practice and Principal Job Performance." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 40, no. 3 (2018): 446–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373718783883.
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Numerous studies investigate high-stakes personnel evaluation systems in education, but nearly all focus on evaluation of teachers. We instead examine the evaluation of school principals at scale using data from the first 4 years of implementation of Tennessee’s multiple-measure administrator evaluation system. We focus specifically on the rubric-based practice ratings given by principals’ supervisors that constitute one half of principals’ overall evaluation scores. We find that supervisors’ ratings are internally consistent, relatively stable over time, and predictive of other performance measures, such as student achievement growth and teachers’ ratings of school leadership quality. However, raters fail to differentiate dimensions of principal practice, and ratings may be biased by factors, such as school poverty, outside the principal’s control.
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Gamar, Nur, and Syafrin Ngiode. "MANAJEMEN STRATEGIK KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH YANG KONDUSIF." Irfani 18, no. 1 (2022): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/ir.v18i1.2859.
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This study aims to determine the principal's strategic management in developing a conducive school environment. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative research using a questionnaire instrument with a sample of 20 teachers. The results of the study, namely the management of the principal's strategy for teachers in developing a conducive school environment at SDN 2 Gorontalo were in the good category with an average percentage of around 75.67%. This percentage gain is an accumulation of the dimensions of the principal's planning strategy in developing a conducive school environment which is in the good category with a percentage of 75%, the dimensions of the principal's implementation strategy in developing a conducive school environment are in the good category with a percentage of 77%, and follow-up strategies principals in developing a conducive school environment are in the good category with a percentage of 75%. The position of the principal when acting as the principal is very strategic or supportive to create a school environment. Because, the core element of the organizational environment is the relationship between school personnel, in the role of the principal when he becomes the principal it is stated that he has a function in realizing harmonious human relations to foster and develop cooperation between personnel.
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Ekta, Hooda, K. Hooda B., Manocha Veena, and Tanwar Nitin. "Principal Dimensions of Regional Agricultural & Socio-economic Disparities in Haryana." Advances in Research 10, no. 6 (2017): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2017/34767.
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The present study is an attempt towards identification of principal agricultural and socio-economic dimensions in Haryana using principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis techniques. Principal component analysis transforms the original set of variables into a smaller set of linear combinations that account for most of the variation of the original data whereas canonical correlation analysis determines pairs of canonical variates which are orthogonal linear combinations of the variables within each set that best explain the variability both within and between sets. Canonical correlation analysis also identifies and measures the strength of relationships between two vectors of variables measured on the same individuals. The study was conducted for three periods i.e. 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12. The district was considered as the unit of analysis and analysis is based on 19 indicators from the agriculture sector and 9 indicators from the socio-economic sector. The first principal component (PC) of agriculture sector represents the overall level of agriculture and livestock with 42.07, 28.71, and 28.01 per cent of the total variation in periods 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12. Whereas, the first PC of socio-economic sector extracted 43.2, 42.6 and 56.6 per cent variation for the periods 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12, respectively. Population density per sq km, number of vehicles on road/lakh population and number of cooperative societies/lakh population have been most important variables for the first principal component from the socio-economic sector in the periods 1991-92 and 2001-02. However, infant mortality rate, number of vehicles on road/lakh population and main workers as percentage of total population has observed to be the most important indicators during 2011-12. Canonical analysis of first two PCs from each of the agriculture and socio-economic sector indicated that the dimensions represented by the second principal component of agriculture sector and first principal component of socio-economic sector established a strong association between the agriculture and the socio-economic sectors. The significant canonical correlation between the vectors represented by first two PCs of agricultural and socio-economic sectors suggest that developments in socio-economic sectors and agricultural sectors go together. That is socio-economic development in Haryana can be achieved through development in agriculture.
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Jianping, Chen, Xu Jie, Gong You, and Xu Li. "Ship Hull Principal Dimensions Optimization Employing Fuzzy Decision-Making Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5262160.
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The paper presents an optimization method for the ship hull principal dimensions scheme employing the fuzzy decision-making theory. First of all, the paper establishes the fuzzy decision-making model of the ship hull principal dimensions optimization, and then a series of ship hull principal dimensions schemes are accordingly constructed by employing the variable value method. On the basis of this, the fuzzy decision-making method is employed to evaluate the series ship hull principal dimensions schemes. Finally, the optimal ship hull principal dimensions scheme is obtained. The example demonstration verified the proposed method’s validity for ship hull principal dimensions optimization economic performance.
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Machii, Tadanobu, and Yukio Nose. "Principal dimensions of Peruvian purse seiner." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 55, no. 7 (1989): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.55.1217.
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Akama, Yohji, Kei Irie, Akitoshi Kawamura, and Yasutaka Uwano. "VC Dimensions of Principal Component Analysis." Discrete & Computational Geometry 44, no. 3 (2009): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00454-009-9236-5.
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Vika Widiana Lestari, Dhinda Anggita Prameswari, Maryani Maryani, Rahmawati Rahmawati, and Bahtiyar Heru Susanto. "Analisis Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Kompetensi Kepala Sekolah." Journal Innovation In Education 2, no. 3 (2024): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59841/inoved.v2i3.1335.
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This research aims to find out the competence of school principals in educational leadership and examine the leadership competence of school principals who are effective in improving the quality of education. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection and analysis techniques by searching for literature through several books and scientific articles as well as other trusted sources. A leader is a figure who can be trusted and fosters a strong sense of loyalty towards his teammates. Leadership is one of several factors that determine an organization's ability to succeed. The principal is the person who leads the school. Effective leadership to organize, motivate, and influence leadership in organizations, which also summarizes performance and success. As an action, leadership functions to help achieve previously established work programs. Leaders encourage their subordinates to do things. According to Hersey and Blanchard, the four main dimensions of the principal's role are delegation, coaching, direction, and support. Becoming a school principal is not easy, because a school principal has various responsibilities and roles, one of which is being a strict school principal.
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Harsi, Renanda Bayu, and Nuzulul Arif. "Defining Ship Principal Dimensions Using Comparison Method." Journal of Applied Sciences, Management and Engineering Technology 2, no. 2 (2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jasmet.2021.v2i2.2129.
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<p align="center">Abstract</p><p>In the process of finding the principal dimension of the ship there are various methods that can be used. In this study, the Comparison method will be used to obtain the main size of the ship and the main dimensions of the ship are obtained, namely, length (L) = 20,152 meters, beam (B) = 5.5 meters, depth (H) = 2,939 meters, draft (T) = 1.5129 meters, service speed (Vs) = 20 knots. The ship's resistance is 152.6 kN at service speed (Vs) = 20 knots. And can be overcome with a power of 2426.31 HP. The power taken to meet these needs is 2500 HP supplied by 2 outboard engines with a power of 1300 HP each.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Comparison Method.</p>
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Browne, Ryan P., and Paul D. McNicholas. "Estimating common principal components in high dimensions." Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 8, no. 2 (2013): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11634-013-0139-1.
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Luo, Mingchu, Paul Bland, Edwin Church, and Caitlin Burk. "Chinese Principal Perceptions on the American School Leadership Standards." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 11 (2014): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss11.271.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of Chinese school principals on the importance of American Educational Leadership Program Standards. Seventy three principals from a county in Guangdong, China completed the Principal Leadership Standards Questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that the Chinese principals perceived the majority of American leadership standards to be either important or very important in school administration. Perception differences among the leadership dimensions were significant. The principal leadership standards in the management of school organization and school instruction were perceived to be significantly more important than the leadership dimensions of school vision and collaborative partnership. The results of the study contribute to the development of school leadership training programs in China. Recommendations were made in using the framework of American leadership standards in China for the development and re-development of university programs and professional trainings in school leadership.
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Sastramayani, Sastramayani. "Principal Strategy in Partnership Development." Shautut Tarbiyah 27, no. 1 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/str.v27i1.2927.
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This article aims to provide a conceptual overview of the principal's strategy in partnership development. The aspects studied are: 1) various dimensions of strategy; 2) The roles of school principals; and 3) Partnership development. The method used is a literature review, where the authors synthesize and develop various concepts and findings related to the principal's strategy in developing partnerships. The results of the study show that: first, strategy is a prerequisite in carrying out leadership roles. A reliable principal will be seen in his ability to read environmental conditions, internal and external, to formulate a grand design for school development. The concrete form is the formulation of the school's vision, mission, goals, and programs. Second, the roles of principals are increasingly complex in the midst of very fast environmental changes, as well as very tight competition between schools. Not only managerial roles, more than that the principal must appear as a leader who makes a difference. Third, partnership development is a deeper meaning of school quality. That schools do not exist in an empty space, but are directly connected to the community and the world of work as users of educational services. This article suggests the importance of increasing knowledge about strategy for school principals, followed up with technical skills in the strategy stages. Keywords: Strategy, School Management, Partnership, Quality
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Yunas, Muhammad. "Dimensions of Principals’ Characteristics for Improving Efficiency of Schools." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 10 (2014): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss10.244.
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The quality of education could be improved by promoting the internal efficiency of secondary schools, which largely depends on leadership skills of the principals. Principals today function as instructional leaders, who continuously struggle for promoting learning outcomes of pupils, understand curriculum content and instructional skills and motivate teachers to improve these skills by providing them professional and instructional support. Their instructional leaderships could be improved by knowledge of curriculum content and modern teaching methodologies, which promote the internal efficiency of schools. The principals benefit from each other in professional matters and promote collegiality among them. They interact with their colleagues to share knowledge and skills. The experienced principals are good mediators and conflict resolvers. They collaborate with parents and community for improving learning outcomes of students. Administrative competence is important in determining the performance of the best and worst schools. But it is hard to measure it directly. Years of administrative skills and planning are also relevant to competence, but are less likely to be available on any consistent basis and affect the internal efficiency of school. The education level of the principal must ensure that he is an excellent evaluator of the classroom and school objectives. He checks students’ work and gives feedback to teachers after classroom observations. Professional development of principals has an impact on the knowledge, skills and their dispositions. The professional development need of principal is somewhat different from those of teachers and is reflective of the four major categories of development: leadership skills, curriculum related (Instructional, supervision and evaluation) skills, human and financial resource management skills, and knowledge in using departmental rules and regulations. Effective supervision and good governance is affected by number of teachers in a school. Small number of teachers in school ensures close contact between principal and teachers, which makes monitoring and financial accountability more effective, resultantly promotes its efficiency.
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Rukmana, Adang. "Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru." Coopetition : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen 9, no. 1 (2019): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v9i1.54.
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The results of the analysis show the principal leadership style, teacher work motivation simultaneously significant and significant to teacher performance, thus hypothesis. Based on the results of data processing and research results there was an influence between the leadership style of principals and work motivation on the performance of madrasah teachers by 26.9%. So it can be said the better the quality of leadership style of principal and work motivation, the better the performance of teachers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded: (1) There is a positive and significant influence between principal leadership style and four sub-variables on Executive Style and Developer Style (2) There is a positive and significant influence between principal leadership style on teacher performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah / MTsS (3) There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation on teacher performance, achievement of financial motivation. (4) There is a positive and significant influence between the principal's leadership style and the motivation of cooperation on teacher performance. (5) Managerial efforts to improve the principal's leadership style and work motivation and teacher performance by increasing the dimensions that determine these variables.
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Effendi, Mukhlison, and Binti Maunah. "Dimensions of Transformational Leadership Headmaster." Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan 19, no. 2 (2021): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v19i2.3096.
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Leadership has a decisive position in the organization. Leaders who carry out their leadership effectively can lead others to achieve the goals; on the contrary, leaders as figures have no influence. Their leadership promotes weak organizational performance, which turns it into a downturn. This study aims to examine the dimensions of the principal's transformational leadership and its urgency for reform. By employing the literature study method, this study depicted that to run the principal's transformational leadership smoothly; they must apply all dimensions of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. Suppose the principal can apply the 4I dimensions of transformational leadership. In that case, as a leader of educational institutions, the principal succeeds in bringing changes to educational organizations for the better. Kepemimpinan memiliki kedudukan yang menentukan dalam organisasi. Pemimpin yang melaksanakan kepemimpinannya secara efektif dapat menggerakkan orang/personel ke arah tujuan yang dicita-citakan, sebaliknya pemimpin yang keberadaannya hanya sebagai figur, tidak memiliki pengaruh, kepemimpinannya dapat mengakibatkan lemahnya kinerja organisasi, yang pada akhirnya dapat menciptakan keterpurukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah dimensi kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah dan urgensinya terhadap pembaharuan. Dengan metode studi pustaka dapat dipaparkan bahwa agar kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dapat berjalan lancar, kepala sekolah harus mampu menerapkan seluruh dimensi idealiced influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation dan individual consideration. Apabila kepala sekolah mampu menerapkan dimensi 4I kepemimpinan transformasional tersebut, maka kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin lembaga pendidikan akan berhasil membawa perubahan pada organisasi pendidikan ke arah lebih baik.
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Zhang, Zhaoyan. "Principal dimensions of voice production and their role in vocal expression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 1 (2024): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027913.
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How we produce and perceive voice is constrained by laryngeal physiology and biomechanics. Such constraints may present themselves as principal dimensions in the voice outcome space that are shared among speakers. This study attempts to identify such principal dimensions in the voice outcome space and the underlying laryngeal control mechanisms in a three-dimensional computational model of voice production. A large-scale voice simulation was performed with parametric variations in vocal fold geometry and stiffness, glottal gap, vocal tract shape, and subglottal pressure. Principal component analysis was applied to data combining both the physiological control parameters and voice outcome measures. The results showed three dominant dimensions accounting for at least 50% of the total variance. The first two dimensions describe respiratory-laryngeal coordination in controlling the energy balance between low- and high-frequency harmonics in the produced voice, and the third dimension describes control of the fundamental frequency. The dominance of these three dimensions suggests that voice changes along these principal dimensions are likely to be more consistently produced and perceived by most speakers than other voice changes, and thus are more likely to have emerged during evolution and be used to convey important personal information, such as emotion and larynx size.
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Syam, Aldo Redho, Syarifan Nurjan, Rido Kurnianto, Lilis Sumaryanti, and Safitri Windi Handayani. "Kepemimpinan Visioner Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Pendidikan Pariwisata." Jurnal Pendidikan Nusantara 1, no. 3 (2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55080/jpn.v1i3.18.
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This study aims to understand and analyze the visionary leadership of school principals in improving tourism education. Using this type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, the research target is at SMK Negeri 2 Ponorogo. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Data analysis techniques include data collection, condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions. The results showed that the principal's visionary leadership in improving tourism education at SMK Negeri 2 Ponorogo has been running effectively and efficiently by showing three dimensions: commitment, consistency, and competence. The principal's visionary leadership has also shown himself to be an “agent of change”, which consists of conceptual skills, technical skills, and human relations. The efforts of the principal of SMK Negeri 2 Ponorogo in improving tourism education are: (1) the ability of the principal to manifest his behaviour and attitude to his members; (2) the principal's ability to communicate verbally and non-verbally, supported by thinking out of the box; (3) the ability of the principal in identifying and solving problems with new techniques and methods and not being too cooperative; (4) the ability of the principal to leave doubts, be ready to take risks for innovation, and be open to doing different things; (5) the principal's ability to use the power of imagination, appreciation, intuition in making decisions.
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Moneypenny, Kelvin, and Dorin Paul Bucur. "The Royal YachtHenriettaof 1679: Identification and principal dimensions." Mariner's Mirror 100, no. 2 (2014): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2014.901696.
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Vu, Vincent Q., and Jing Lei. "Minimax sparse principal subspace estimation in high dimensions." Annals of Statistics 41, no. 6 (2013): 2905–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-aos1151.
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Rafidah Yasin, Intan, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak, Zuraidah Abdullah, Suhaibah Mukhtar, and Nooni Ezdiani Yasin. "Understanding Principal Empowerment: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. III (2025): 2061–73. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.90300162.
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Principal empowerment has become an essential aspect of contemporary educational leadership, influencing school effectiveness, teacher commitment, and student achievement. As school leaders face increasing demands and accountability pressures, understanding the components of principal empowerment is crucial for fostering sustainable leadership practices. This study conducts a scoping review to systematically examine principal empowerment through three key dimensions: its definitions and conceptualisations, approaches to empowering principals, and associated outcomes. Utilising a systematic search of Scopus-indexed literature, this review maps existing research to identify theoretical perspectives, policy implications, and empirical findings on principal empowerment. The synthesis of evidence highlights a shift from traditional administrative roles to a multidimensional leadership paradigm, incorporating decision-making autonomy, institutional support, and strategic capacity building. Findings reveal that principal empowerment is strongly linked to transformational leadership theory, emphasising its role in fostering innovation, resilience, and school-wide change. However, the review also identifies critical tensions between neoliberal policy frameworks and leadership autonomy, wherein principals navigate expanding operational control alongside rigid performance metrics. Contextual factors play a significant role in shaping the effectiveness of principal empowerment. Socioeconomic conditions, governance structures, and cultural settings influence how empowerment initiatives are implemented and sustained. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further demonstrated the importance of empowered principals in crisis management, digital transformation, and institutional resilience. While principal empowerment has been shown to yield positive outcomes across individual, organisational, and societal dimensions, concerns remain regarding sustainability, workload pressures, and stakeholder expectations. This review highlights the critical importance of developing context-aware approaches to principal empowerment that carefully balance leadership autonomy with appropriate accountability mechanisms. Moving forward, researchers should investigate the long-term viability of empowerment initiatives, examine variations across different cultural contexts, and further explore how principal empowerment directly impacts student achievement outcomes. By expanding these scholarly conversations, we can develop more refined leadership frameworks and policy structures that effectively support and sustain empowered school leadership across diverse educational environments.
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Badakhshan Farahabadi, Fazel, Kianoush Fathi Vajargah, and Rahman Farnoosh. "Dimension Reduction Big Data Using Recognition of Data Features Based on Copula Function and Principal Component Analysis." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (July 11, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9967368.
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Nowadays, data are generated in the world with high speed; therefore, recognizing features and dimensions reduction of data without losing useful information is of high importance. There are many ways to dimension reduction, including principal component analysis (PCA) method, which is by identifying effective dimensions in an acceptable level, reducing dimension of data. In the usual method of principal component analysis, data are usually normal, or we normalize data; then, the principal component analysis method is used. Many studies have been done on the principal component analysis method as a step of data preparation. In this paper, we propose a method that improves the principal component analysis method and makes data analysis easier and more efficient. Also, we first identify the relationships between the data by fitting the multivariate copula function to data and simulate new data using the estimated parameters; then, we reduce the dimensions of new data by principal component analysis method; the aim is to improve the performance of the principal component analysis method to find effective dimensions.
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Setia, Shinta. "TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP IN INDONESIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS DURING THE POST-COVID ERA: A CASE STUDY OF SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS." Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 27, no. 1 (2025): 53–80. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.27.1.53-80.
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COVID-19 in Indonesia necessitated a shift from traditional face-to-face learning to technology-based distance learning. This transition also redefined the role of school principal who must lead change and work in new ways. This study aims to explore the new role of the principal as a technology leader and develop a technology leadership model in learning in the new normal era. Employing a qualitative approach with a single case study method, the study involved 20 participants, including 5 principals, 5 vice principals, 5 IT coordinators, and 5 subject teachers from five public junior high schools (SMP Negeri) in Surabaya, Indonesia.. The findings study show that school principal has a key role in keeping the school functioning well in the new normal era. This findings highlight the latest model of technology leadership in education by developing 5 dimensions of technology leadership from NETS-EL 2018 into 6 dimensions. The spiritual dimension makes technology leaders and teachers are more effective in leading schools during and after COVID-19. These findings specifically contribute to the development of a technology leadership framework and generally complement existing leadership theories.
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Hutton, Disraeli M. "Leadership Performance Model for the Effective School Principal." Journal of School Leadership 27, no. 4 (2017): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268461702700404.
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The article presents a conceptual model of effective school leadership which is based on the experience and knowledge gained from research work done with high-performing principals in the Jamaican school system. The basic and underlying premise is that to understand how leadership works, it is essential to explore the dimensions, components, and elements which shape and inform the behavior of the leaders. The article also presents the conceptual framework for the model and elaborates on the six dimensions which are the basis for analyzing and synthesizing leadership practice. The model would be useful as a diagnostic tool, and a guide for recruiting and developing training programs for principals.
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Wahab, Abdul, Fiaz Ahmad, and Razia Sultana. "The Impact of Visionary Leadership on Employee Commitment: Principal Leadership Perspective." Global Social Sciences Review IX, no. II (2023): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(ix-ii).07.
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The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of Principal Leadership on the performance of teachers. The basic objectives of the study were (a) to find the key dimensions of Principal visionary leadership that contribute to employee commitment in educational settings. (b) To explore the role of communication strategies by principals in enhancing employee commitment through visionary leadership. and (c) How do school principals perceive the impact of visionary leadership on employee commitment within their schools? Information was gathered through questionnaires using a Sample random sampling technique. Only 120 questionnaires were received and using different statistical methods, including mean, percentage, Pearson's correlation, and Regression. Research findings indicate that effective communication strategies employed by principals significantly enhance employee commitment through visionary leadership and also found that there is a significant impact of Principal Leadership on employee commitment.
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Zhu, Rui, Bity Salwana Alias, Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah, and Jamalullail Abdul Wahab. "Teacher technology usage, a catalyst for principal digital leadership practice." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 14, no. 2 (2025): 1227. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i2.31914.
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<p><span>In the digital age, university principals and teachers share the same responsibility for improving educational digital transformation. However, their performance remains disadvantaged. This study aims to investigate the relationship between principal digital leadership and teacher technology usage, and explores how teacher technology usage contributes to principal digital leadership. The study employed a quantitative method, collecting data from 500 teachers across 25 universities in Jilin Province, China. Pearson correlation analysis examined the association between principal digital leadership and teacher technology usage, while multiple regression explored how teacher technology usage contributes to principal digital leadership practices. The results revealed a positive relationship between principal digital leadership and teacher technology usage. All four dimensions of teacher technology usage contribute to digital leadership practices, with the professional development dimension showing the greatest impact. Overall, these findings prove that teacher technology usage indeed catalyzes principal digital leadership practices, which contributes to understanding of the interaction in leadership and provides a new perspective for enhancing principal digital leadership. It implies that principals and teachers can grow together in their interactions. Therefore, strengthening teachers’ professional development can contribute to principal digital leadership practice.</span></p>
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Massry-Herzallah, Asmahan, and Khalid Arar. "Gender, school leadership and teachers’ motivations." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 6 (2019): 1395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2019-0054.
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Purpose The research investigates perceptions of teachers in the Arab education system in Israel concerning the effect of their principal’s leadership and gender on their motivation. Relying on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as an analytic tool to understand the Arab school, the purpose of this paper is to answer the following research questions: first, how do the teachers perceive the leadership style and gender of their principal and what influence do these perceptions have on their motivation? Second, what are the influences of the different dimensions of culture described by Hofstede on the teachers’ motivation? Design/methodology/approach To answer these questions, 18 teachers from different schools in the Arab education system (10 female and 8 male) were interviewed. Findings The research revealed three themes which describe the teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ leadership styles with consideration of the principals’ gender: the principals’ involvement and sharing of school operations and decision making with the teachers; the extent of autonomy given to teachers; and establishment of principal–teacher relationships. Originality/value The paper concludes with implications of these leadership styles for teachers’ motivation for work, and suggestions are given to improve Arab principals’ practices and thus to enhance teachers’ motivation.
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Costa, R. "Principal train algebras of rank 3 and dimensions≦5." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 33, no. 1 (1990): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500028881.
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A commutative algebra A over the field F, endowed with a non-zero homorphism ω:A →F is principal train if it satisfies the identity xr+y1ω(x)xr−1 +… +yr−1ω(x)r−1x=0 where y1,…,yr−1 are fixed elements in F. We present in this paper, after the introduction of the concept of “type” of A, some results concerning the classification in the case r = 3. In particular we describe all these algebras of dimension≦5.
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Jung, Sungkyu, Myung Hee Lee, and Jeongyoun Ahn. "On the number of principal components in high dimensions." Biometrika 105, no. 2 (2018): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asy010.
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Hipp, Kristine A., and Paul V. Bredesqn. "Exploring Connections between Teacher Efficacy and Principals’ Leadership Behaviors." Journal of School Leadership 5, no. 2 (1995): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469500500202.
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This paper reports the results of an exploratory investigation of the connections between principals’ leadership behaviors and teachers’ sense of efficacy in selected middle schools currently involved in building-level change efforts. Our findings indicate that there is a significant difference between general teaching efficacy (GTE) and personal teaching efficacy (PTE), the two dimensions that define the construct of teacher efficacy. When asked to interpret principals’ leadership behaviors, there was a significant difference between teachers’ and principals’ perceptions of principals’ leadership behaviors. Finally, the principal leadership behaviors most strongly related to GTE were models behavior, provides contingent rewards and inspires group purpose. Modeling behaviors and providing contingent rewards were also significantly related to PTE. Implications for further research, for principal preparation, and for administrative practice are discussed.
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Hasanah, Siti Muawanatul, Agus Maimun, Marno Marno, and Ahmad Barizi. "Forging Qur'anic Character: A School Principal Leadership Model-Insights." Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 9, no. 1 (2024): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v9i1.4380.
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School principals are essential in shaping the Qur'anic character of the educational institutions they lead. This research is categorized as multi-case field research with data described descriptively. The main instrument of this research is the researcher, who explores data using three methods: interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique is carried out in two stages: individual case data analysis and cross-case data analysis. The researcher draws the following conclusions: First, the principal leadership model in two institutions: a) inclusive low profile model, b) social helpful model, and c) equilibrium structure model. Second, the school principal's strategic steps in forming Qur'anic character: a) integration of subjective spiritual and objective skills, b) implementation of organic spiritual collectivity strategies, and c) internalization of active, positive religiosity values. Third, students' Qur'anic character is formed through the leadership of the school principal: a) assimilation of spiritual values, b) exploration of dimensions of faith, c) contextualization of the Qur'an, d) planned disciplinary management, and e) religious inspiration in education This research provides the following theoretical implications: a) through the leadership model that is built, the principal, spiritual leader influences school culture in the formation of student character, b) the leadership model of the two school principals becomes a role model in the formation of students' Qur'anic character through the program. joint school activity program.
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Pinto, Vera Regina Ramos, Deborah Moraes Zouain, André Luís Faria Duarte, and Luiz Alexandre Valadão Souza. "Avaliação da influência da liderança transformacional do diretor de escola sobre o desempenho dos alunos: Análise a partir de microdados da Prova Brasil." education policy analysis archives 27 (September 2, 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4267.
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This article presents a study on the extent to which the leadership of Brazilian school principals has helped improve students’ achievements as reflected by the results of external evaluations of schools. The study sought to measure leadership dimensions based on microdata from contextual questionnaires answered by principals and teachers; propose a model that relates leadership dimensions to student achievement as reflected by schools’ IDEB results; and verify the relationships between leadership dimensions and student achievement. To that end, we performed multivariate analyzes, specifically structural equations modeling, on a database containing microdata from Prova Brasil and IDEB values. Results show that it is possible to measure leadership dimensions using these microdata. Based on the conceptual model developed, there is evidence that the relationships developed by the principal within the school have a greater effect on teachers’ commitment to improve teaching and learning, thus indirectly affecting school performance. In addition, school principals have sought to exercise transformational leadership combined with pedagogical leadership, which represents a challenge for them, since it covers many knowledge areas.
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Pinkas, Gabriel. "The Relationship Between Self-perceived and Teacher-perceived Principal Leadership Style." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 7, no. 2(19) (2022): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.2.571.
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This paper presents the results obtained on a sample of 467 teachers and 25 principals from elementary schools in the wider city area of Tuzla. The subject of the research was the relation between self-perceived principal leadership styles and principal leadership styles perceived by teachers. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to collect data; one version for principals and a different version for employees. The results obtained from the sample of respondents show no statistically significant difference between self-perceived and teacher-perceived principal leadership styles, and that the average scale values on the subscales of transformational and transactional leadership obtained on subsamples of teachers led by more transformational and less transformational principals statistically significantly vary. Correlation analysis showed that the dimensions of transformational leadership and laissez-faire leadership have a predictor value of teacher perception for principal (self) perception, with the laissez-faire style having a negative value. The probable reason for such results lies in the fact that principals with more pronounced transformational leadership characteristics have a greater ability for empathy and self-awareness, and are better at assessing their managerial strengths and weaknesses.
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Widagda, IGA, and Hery Suyanto. "The Classification of Primitive-Shaped Patterns by Using Principal Component Analysis Method." BULETIN FISIKA 20, no. 2 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2019.v20.i02.p03.
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Abstrak – The recognition or classification of patterns is a major problem in computer vision. Many methods have been applied such as: moment invariant, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), K-mean, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and others. These methods have a few limitations. The moment invariant fashion is highly vulnerable to noise. ANN methods require a long computing time (especially multi-layer ANN) during the training process. On the other hand, the dimensions of the features generated from the methods are relatively high, which requires large storage space (memory). In addition, this leads to the long computing time when the testing process is carried out. Based on these facts, this research makes use of methods that being able to reduce the feature dimensions, namely the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the PCA method the dimensions of the sample image are converted to principal components (face space), whose dimensions are much smaller than the dimensions of the sample image itself. Our works exhibit that the PCA method is highly effective in carrying out the pattern classification process. This can be indicated by the relatively high values of Predictive Accuracy, Precision and Recall (close to 1) while the FP Rate is low (close to 0). Moreover, the location of the point coordinates (FP Rate, TP Rate) in ROC graphs is fallen in the upper left region (approaching the perfect classifier region).
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Rock, Wendy D., Theodore P. Remley, and Lillian M. Range. "Principal-Counselor Collaboration and School Climate." NASSP Bulletin 101, no. 1 (2017): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192636517698037.
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Examining whether principal-counselor collaboration and school climate were related, researchers sent 4,193 surveys to high school counselors in the United States and received 419 responses. As principal-counselor collaboration increased, there were increases in counselors viewing the principal as supportive, the teachers as regarding one another with respect, the school community as having high yet achievable standards, and decreases in schools being vulnerable to outside influences such as vocal parents and community groups. Principal-counselor collaboration was significantly correlated to four dimensions of school climate.
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Zhang, Qin. "The Influence of School Climate on Reading Literacy: A Cross-cultural Comparative Study Based on pisa 2018 Database." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 2, no. 1 (2023): 922–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2/2022587.
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Despite considerable interest in research and practice in the effect of school climate on academic reading achievement, little is targeted at analyzing the generalizability and distinctiveness of the influence from various dimensions in a cross-cultural study. This research adopted the multilevel linear model (HLM) and the database of PISA 2018 (Program for International Student Assessment) to investigate the constructs of school climate perceived by two specific groups of school stakeholders, students and principals, in four countries/regions, including B-S-J-Z [China], Brazil, Switzerland and the United States. The results indicated that some dimensions of school climate, such as disciplinary climate, teacher-directed instruction, teacher enthusiasm and student competition, were positively associated with the learning outcomes of reading with a statistical significance and demonstrated the cross-cultural consistency. However, some dimensions, consisting of teacher feedback, bullying and principal-perceived student hindering learning behavior, could exert a negative impact on reading achievement. Moreover, under the diverse sociocultural contexts, some dimensions may reveal different influences, showing the intercultural differences. These indicators were teachers stimulation of reading engagement, adaptive instruction, sense of belonging at school, student cooperation and parental involvement in school activities. Last, teacher support and principal-perceived teacher hindering learning behavior had no effect on reading literacy.
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Hou, Yuan Hang, Sheng Huang, Yu Long Hu, Xiang Yin Meng, Wen Quan Wang, and Chao Wang. "Group Decision Making of Naval Ship Principal Dimensions Based on PSO Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1233.
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The selection of naval ship principal dimensions based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was presented. Firstly, at the foundation of single-scheme decision making method using weighted distance to ensure the consistency, a new multiple-scheme group decision making method was proposed. Secondly, experts’ opinions were judged and adjusted by PSO, in order to keep the initial preference of the individual. Thirdly, the new method is introduced to group decision making of naval ship principal dimensions. Through determining the attributes and their weights, a series of schemes are generated by uniform design, then numbers of experts were invited to make a rational evaluation for deriving the final result, its consistency is better than the one derived without restriction of weighted distance. This new decision making method offers an effective and efficient way to determine the naval ship principal dimensions with high reality and reliability.
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Sugianto, Endrik. "Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru." TSAQOFAH 4, no. 5 (2024): 3415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v4i5.3291.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of principal transformational leadership on teacher performance. Methods used are literature reviews. Transformational leadership is measured based on four main dimensions: charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Teacher performance was measured using indicators of attendance, teaching quality, professional development, and involvement in school activities. The regression analysis results show that principals’ transformational leadership has a positive and significant influence on teacher performance. Of the four dimensions of transformational leadership, the charisma and inspiration dimensions have the strongest influence on improving teacher performance. This study also found that intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration also contributed significantly, although on a smaller scale. The implication of these findings is that it is important for principals to apply transformational leadership style to improve teachers’ motivation and performance. Principals are advised to develop their leadership skills through training and self-development programs that focus on transformational aspects. Thus, it is expected that the quality of education in schools can be continuously improved.
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Saffardin, Siti Fairos, Al-Amin Mydin, and Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah. "Transformational Leadership of Principal in Private Preschool: A Relationship to Workplace Spirituality." Journal of Education and Literacy Studies (JELS) 1, no. 1 (2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37698/jels.v1i1.109.
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The objective of the research is to identify the relationship between transformational leadership among the principles of workplace spirituality. Furthermore, the relationship between the four dimensions of transformational and workplace spirituality is examined in this study. This survey included a total of 70 preschools that involve the teachers as participants. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the acquired data. This study, on the other hand, preschool demonstrates that transformational leadership has a considerable beneficial link with workplace spirituality. Furthermore, each of the transformational leadership sub-dimensions shows a significant direct association with workplace spirituality. As a result, the study's implications are useful to both teachers and principals in terms of increasing their degree of workplace spirituality. The direct consequence is that the principal should integrate any four transformational dimensions to accomplish the aim and objective of early childhood education.
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Zhang, Zhaoyan. "Principal dimensions of laryngeal vocal control in a computational model of voice production." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027754.
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Voice production is constrained by laryngeal physiology and physics. Such constraints may present themselves as principal dimensions that are shared among speakers in how they produce and perceive voice. In this study, we attempt to identify such principal dimensions in voice outcome measures and the underlying laryngeal control mechanisms in a three-dimensional computational model of voice production. A large-scale voice simulation was performed with parametric variations in vocal fold geometry, stiffness, glottal gap, and subglottal pressure. Principal component analysis was applied to data combining both the laryngeal control parameters and acoustic and aerodynamic voice outcome measures. The results showed two dominant dimensions of vocal control. The first dimension describes interaction between respiration and vocal fold adduction in a way that increases glottal flow amplitude and vocal intensity at the cost of decreasing high-frequency harmonic production. The second dimension mainly describes control of medial surface thickness and glottal closure, which allows simultaneous increase in vocal intensity and high-frequency harmonic production but also increases risk of vocal fold injury. A third dimension with a reduced weight describes control of the fundamental frequency. The importance of these principal control dimensions to vocal expression of emotion and vocal health is discussed.
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Wang, Yu, and Rizal O. Dapat. "School Principals’ Leadership Styles and Organizational Climate Toward Innovative Leadership Program." Journal of Education and Educational Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v2i1.5178.
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This paper assessed the relationship between principal leadership style and school climate using Multifactorial Leadership and School Climate Questionnaires. The theoretical framework of this research comes from leadership style theory. The author surveyed 400 middle managers from 20 colleges and universities in the university town of China and used structural equation modelling for empirical analysis. Based on the findings, principal leadership has an impact on four dimensions of school climate (faculty leadership, academic climate, teacher professionalism, and institutional vulnerability) It is therefore recommended to use a larger sample of administrators from multiple school districts to see whether similar findings will occur. Educational leaders must recognize the impact of the principal's leadership behavior on the school's organizational atmosphere which would help create a learning school atmosphere that is conducive to school development. Currently, all students are under increasing pressure at the national, state, and local levels to perform to higher standards. Thus, there is an increasing demand for teachers and principals to improve the school climate.
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Lindeman, Marjaana, and Jari Lipsanen. "Mentalizing: Seeking the Underlying Dimensions." International Journal of Psychological Studies 9, no. 1 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v9n1p10.
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Mentalizing (i.e., theory of mind) is a much studied construct, but the way different forms of mentalizing are related to each other is poorly understood. In this study (N = 369), we examined the dimensionality of mentalizing by addressing several forms of cognitive and affective empathy, practical mentalizing skills (i.e., understanding figurative language and social etiquette), and metacognition. The results of principal component analysis showed that sixteen mentalizing variables could be reduced to four principal components, namely affective empathy, social skills, self-insight, and views about the nature of beliefs. The components were unrelated, suggesting that they are independent aspects of mentalizing. No general mentalizing factor or overall empathy was found indicating that mentalizing is a non-hierarchical profile construct.
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Khine, Kyilai Lai, and ThiThi Soe Nyunt. "Predictive geospatial analytics using principal component regression." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (2020): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2651-2658.
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Nowadays, exponential growth in geospatial or spatial data all over the globe, geospatial data analytics is absolutely deserved to pay attention in manipulating voluminous amount of geodata in various forms increasing with high velocity. In addition, dimensionality reduction has been playing a key role in high-dimensional big data sets including spatial data sets which are continuously growing not only in observations but also in features or dimensions. In this paper, predictive analytics on geospatial big data using Principal Component Regression (PCR), traditional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model improved with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), is implemented on distributed, parallel big data processing platform. The main objective of the system is to improve the predictive power of MLR model combined with PCA which reduces insignificant and irrelevant variables or dimensions of that model. Moreover, it is contributed to present how data mining and machine learning approaches can be efficiently utilized in predictive geospatial data analytics. For experimentation, OpenStreetMap (OSM) data is applied to develop a one-way road prediction for city Yangon, Myanmar. Experimental results show that hybrid approach of PCA and MLR can be efficiently utilized not only in road prediction using OSM data but also in improvement of traditional MLR model.
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Kyi, Lai Lai Khine, and Thi Soe Nyunt Thi. "Predictive geospatial analytics using principal component regression." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (2020): 2651–58. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2651-2658.
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Nowadays, exponential growth in geospatial or spatial data all over the globe, geospatial data analytics is absolutely deserved to pay attention in manipulating voluminous amount of geodata in various forms increasing with high velocity. In addition, dimensionality reduction has been playing a key role in high-dimensional big data sets including spatial data sets which are continuously growing not only in observations but also in features or dimensions. In this paper, predictive analytics on geospatial big data using Principal Component Regression (PCR), traditional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model improved with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), is implemented on distributed, parallel big data processing platform. The main objective of the system is to improve the predictive power of MLR model combined with PCA which reduces insignificant and irrelevant variables or dimensions of that model. Moreover, it is contributed to present how data mining and machine learning approaches can be efficiently utilized in predictive geospatial data analytics. For experimentation, OpenStreetMap (OSM) data is applied to develop a one-way road prediction for city Yangon, Myanmar. Experimental results show that hybrid approach of PCA and MLR can be efficiently utilized not only in road prediction using OSM data but also in improvement of traditional MLR model.
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Damanik, Enceria, and Mulia Sari Dewi. "Kepemimpinan Transformasional Untuk Kepala Sekolah Indonesia: Konsep Dan Pengukurannya." Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 24, no. 2 (2024): 264–74. https://doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v24i2.2278.
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This study explores the application and significance of transformational leadership among school principals in Indonesia. Transformational leadership is considered a pivotal approach for improving the role of principals in driving positive change within educational institutions, impacting teachers, students, and the entire school community. Drawing on transformational leadership theories by Bass and Avolio (2003), the Principal Leadership Questionnaire (PLQ) is adapted specifically for the Indonesian context, measuring dimensions such as Professional Interaction, Participative Decision-Making, Individual Support, Intellectual Stimulation, and Moral Perspective. This instrument has undergone rigorous validation and reliability testing, confirming its suitability for evaluating teachers' perceptions of principals' leadership effectiveness in Indonesian schools. The study highlights the relevance of transformational leadership in addressing challenges unique to Indonesia's educational landscape, including resource limitations and geographic disparities. It concludes by emphasizing the need for principals to adopt transformational leadership to foster a collaborative school climate and calls for further research on adaptive leadership practices within local contexts. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Principal Leadership Questionnaire, School Principal, Indonesia’s Education, Applied Psychology.
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Wiyani, Novan Ardy, Ismi Nurprastika, and Ahmad Sahnan. "Aktualisasi Kecerdasan Interpersonal Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengembangan Mutu Pendidikan." DIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar 3, no. 2 (2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/didaktika.v3i2.34677.
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The role of the leader in an organization has a very important role. Leaders who have interpersonal intelligence have compassion, a sense of responsibility, cooperate, have a social spirit, can communicate and interact with others. A leader is a person who has unique abilities and advantages so that he can influence others to jointly carry out certain activities for the achievement of a goal. The ability of the principal to build relationships will lead to the development of quality education. This study aims to determine the actualization of the dimensions of social sensitivity, the actualization of the dimensions of social insight, and the actualization of social communication dimensions in developing the quality of education. This research is descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This study indicates that: first, there is actualization or real manifestation of the dimensions of social sensitivity in the form of empathy, social sensitivity, and the ability to observe changes in school elements. Second, the actualization of the dimensions of social insight in the form of the ability to handle the problems at hand. Third, the social communication dimension's actualization in the form of the ability to establish communication with school members to achieve educational goals. These forms of actualization become a way to develop a quality education. Keywords: Interpersonal Intelligence, Principal, Quality Development, Education
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Setiawan, Arif, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto, and Catur Edi Widodo. "Dimensional Reduction of Underwater Shrimp Digital Image Using the Principal Component Analysis Algorithm." E3S Web of Conferences 448 (2023): 02061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344802061.
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Shrimps are aquaculture products highly needed by the people and this is the reason their growth needs to be monitored using underwater digital images. However, the large dimensions of the shrimp digital images usually make the processing difficult. Therefore, this research focuses on reducing the dimensions of underwater shrimp digital images without reducing their information through the application of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. This was achieved using 4 digital shrimp images extracted from video data with the number of columns 398 for each image. The results showed that 12 PCs were produced and this means the reduced digital images with new dimensions have 12 variable columns with data diversity distributed based on a total variance of 95.61%. Moreover, the original and reduced digital images were compared and the lowest value of MSE produced was 94.12, the minimum value of RMSE was 9.54, and the highest value of PSNR was 8.06 db, and they were obtained in the 4th digital image. The experiment was conducted using 3 devices which include I3, I7, and Google Colab processor computers and the fastest computational result was produced at 2.1 seconds by the Google Colab processor. This means the PCA algorithm is good for the reduction of digital image dimensions as indicated by the production of 12 PC as the new variable dimensions for the reduced underwater image of shrimps.
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Solekha, Siti, Sumarno Sumarno, and Rasiman Rasiman. "The Influence of School Principal Leadership on Teacher Work Motivation in Elementary Schools." Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 8, no. 3 (2025): 392–401. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v8i3.4368.
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This study aims to examine the influence of school principal leadership on the work motivation of elementary school teachers in the Sarwas 3 area of Pemalang District. Principal leadership plays a strategic role in fostering a positive work climate that enhances teachers’ enthusiasm and commitment. Employing a quantitative correlational approach, this research involved 130 teachers selected through proportional random sampling to ensure representative data. Data were gathered using Likert-scale questionnaires that captured teachers’ perceptions of principal leadership and their work motivation. Simple linear regression analysis using SPSS revealed that principal leadership significantly contributes to teacher motivation, accounting for 61.2% of its variance. The dominant leadership dimensions influencing motivation include interpersonal relations and collaborative decision-making. These results highlight that effective leadership fosters mutual trust and supportive relationships between principals and teachers. The study recommends enhancing strategic leadership competencies among principals, particularly in interpersonal communication and participative leadership, as a means to sustain teacher motivation. This study contributes to the literature by reinforcing the pivotal role of principal leadership in shaping teacher motivation and offers new insights into the integration of interpersonal leadership practices within the context of educational management in elementary schools.
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Hou, Yuan Hang, Sheng Huang, Wen Quan Wang, and Yu Long Hu. "Regression Analysis of Ship Principal Dimensions Based on Improved PSO-BP Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1029.
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The principal dimensions of naval ships regression analysis via trained BP network by improved PSO is proposed in this paper. Firstly, learning factor is adjusted dynamically, and the improved PSO is implanted in the BP network. Then improved PSO-BP is imported when establishing the regression model of ships’ principal dimensions and comparing its results with the results of polynomial regression. The result shows that BP network trained by improved PSO has higher accuracy and fine character of subsection smooth. Therefore, the model has guidance effect of importance to ship’s top demonstration and preliminary design.
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John, M. T., P. Hujoel, D. L. Miglioretti, L. LeResche, T. D. Koepsell, and W. Micheelis. "Dimensions of Oral-health-related Quality of Life." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 12 (2004): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301213.
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Oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is expected to have multiple dimensions. It was the aim of this study to investigate the dimensional structure of OHRQoL measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (German version) (OHIP-G) and to derive a summary score for the instrument. Subjects (N = 2050; age, 16–79 yrs) came from a national survey. We used rotated principal-components analysis to derive a summary score and to explore the dimensional structure of OHIP-G. The first principal component explained 50% of the variance in the data. The sum of OHIP-G item responses was highly associated with the first principal component (r = 0.99). This simple but informative OHIP-G summary score may indicate that simple sums are also potentially useful scores for other OHRQoL instruments. Four dimensions (psychosocial impact, orofacial pain, oral functions, appearance) were found. These OHIP-G dimensions may serve as a parsimonious set of OHRQoL dimensions in general.
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Fairos, Siti, and Al-Amin Mydin. "The Influence of Transformational Leadership by the Principal on Teachers' Self-Efficacy in a Private Preschool." GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review (GATR JMMR) VOL. 7 (3) JULY - SEPTEMBER 2022 7, no. 3 (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2022.7.3(3).
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Objective - This research aimed to identify the Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership among preschool principals on the teacher’s self-efficacy. Next, this study examines the idealized influence of the individualistic consideration of intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation of the principal's transformational leadership dimension on teacher self-efficacy. This paper analyzes the factor influencing principal leadership on preschool teachers' self-efficacy. Methodology/Technique - This research also involved a cross-sectional quantitative survey research design. 150 private preschool teachers from Penang were included as a sample in this study. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data in this study. Findings – Results indicate that all the dimensions of transformational leadership positively influence a teacher’s self-efficacy. The idealized influence dimension, individualistic consideration, intellectual stimulation, and inspirational motivation positively influence teachers' self-efficacy. In addition, this study is significant because it will inform management and leadership in early childhood education, particularly in private preschools, and provide them with references. As a result, there is a connection between the leadership style used by principals in private preschools and the teachers' self-efficacy. Novelty - The study identifies the influence of teachers’ efficiency in the early childhood context. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I20, I24. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Private Preschool, Self-efficacy, Principal, Preschool teachers Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Fairos, S; Mydin, A.A. (2022). The Influence of Transformational Leadership by the Principal on Teachers' Self-Efficacy in a Private Preschool, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 7(3), 107 – 115. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2022.7.3(3)
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Bi, J. Y., and Z. Zong. "Regression Analysis of Principal Dimensions and Speed of Aircraft Carriers." Polish Maritime Research 21, no. 1 (2013): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0006.
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ABSTRACT In this paper empirical formulas relating the speed to principal dimensions of aircraft carriers have been obtained through regression analysis of the data of 105 aircraft carriers. To reduce uncertainty as much as possible, aircraft carriers are classified into several different categories. In each category, regression analysis is separately performed such that a variety of regression (empirical) formulas have thus been obtained for possible use at the initial design stage of a carrier. The goodness of fit of these formulas is finally analyzed through variance analysis.