Relevant bibliographies by topics / Principal of morality

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Principal of morality'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Principal of morality"

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Rohmad, Ali. "Basic Values and the Morality of Islamic Education Leadership at State Junior High School 1 Jogorogo, Ngawi, East Java." Istawa : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijpi.v5i1.2613.

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This research aims to determine the basic values and leadership morality in SMPN 1 Jogorogo. This research is qualitative research with the descriptive method, data collection with observation, and interview techniques. Principal leadership is democratic; principals are open in making policies involving teachers and employees, especially in making plans for school programs. The principal receives input and suggestions from parties related to the systems made. The basic values of leadership applied by the principal take the benefits of the four characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad. Namely, shidiq, amanah, tabligh, and fathanah. While the leadership of morality is applied is faith and devotion to Allah SWT, competent and knowledgeable, patient, humble, and prioritizes deliberation in making decisions.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai dasar dan moralitas kepemimpinan di SMPN 1 Jogorogo. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah adalah demokratis, dan kepala sekolah terbuka dalam membuat kebijakan yang melibatkan guru dan karyawan, terutama dalam membuat rencana untuk program sekolah. Kepala sekolah menerima masukan dan saran dari pihak terkait dengan sistem yang dibuat. Nilai-nilai dasar kepemimpinan yang diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah mengambil manfaat dari empat karakteristik Nabi Muhammad. Yaitu, shidiq, amanah, tabligh, dan fathanah. Sedangkan moralitas kepemimpinan yang diterapkan adalah iman dan pengabdian kepada Allah SWT, kompeten dan berpengetahuan luas, sabar, rendah hati, dan memprioritaskan musyawarah dalam pengambilan keputusan.
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Tinambunan, Edison R. L. "Awal Moral Kristiani." Studia Philosophica et Theologica 19, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/spet.v19i1.90.

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The development of Christian morality takes a long journey which was started when the Church was born. There were many typical moral cases faced by the Church at each period of time. From one period to another one, moralists came out to solve the cases by giving the right assessment according to the Church’s way of life. A period which was well-known in the journey of Christian morality is the period of the Fathers of the Church. The principle of Christian morality is love which is based on the Gospel and the commandment of Jesus Christ. This was documented in Didache which was used by the Christians at that time. It was the principal moral document of early Christianity. In the development, it was then added by other principals: freedom and justice which were applied in the Christian life. The three principals (love, freedom and justice) formed Christian attitude in respecting other Christians and all people which is applied perfectly by Augustine. The following development of Christian morality was the development of the practice and the profound of what had been laid down before by the Fathers of the Church, with addition of the figure which is excelling in the life as Job, who had been interpreted by Gregory the Great. This writing is ended at this point, because the research is limited from the beginning up to the first development of Christian morality during the period of the Fathers of the Church.
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MORRISTON, WES. "God and the ontological foundation of morality." Religious Studies 48, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412510000740.

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AbstractIn recent years, William Lane Craig has vigorously championed a moral argument for God's existence. The backbone of Craig's argument is the claim that only God can provide a ‘sound foundation in reality’ for morality. The present article has three principal aims. The first is to interpret and clarify the account of the ontological foundation of morality proposed by Craig. The second is to press home an important objection to that account. The third is to expose the weakness of Craig's case for saying that without God morality would be groundless and illusory.
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Apressyan, Ruben G. "On Divergence of “Morality” and “Ethics”." Ethical Thought 21, no. 1 (2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-1-5-23.

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The divergence of Russian concepts “moral'” and “nravstvennost'” (in German “Sittlichkeit”, in English “ethics”/“ethical life”, in French “éthique”) in various versions is quite common in literature and can be taken as a doubtless discursive fact. Usually such divergence is a re­sult of substantialization of some functional and normative features of morality/ethics distin­guished by philosophy. Internal heterogeneity is inherent in morality/ethics both at functional and normative levels. A special analysis of various attempts to discriminate “morality” and “ethics” is needed to clarify the theoretical and methodological prerequisites of such diver­gence, its principal expediency, probable rationale and possible ‘gaps’. For authors outside of philosophy, especially moral philosophy, the separation of “morality” and “ethics” often turns out to be the last stage in their contemplation of morality-ethics with an evident disregard of conceptual apparatus developed in moral philosophy to conceptualize the phenomenon of morality/ethics in its internal heterogeneity and polyvalence. It would be an oversimplifica­tion to think that attempts to diverge morality and ethics have been always a result of theoret­ical misunderstandings. On the contrary, the divergence may be motivated by convincing the­oretical reasons and authors who apply such approach commonly consider it as a fruitful way to enhance our understanding of normative culture and normative experience. The article attempts to analyze in the first approximation some projects in divergence of morality and ethics. The author of the article does not believe that the distinction of morality and ethics is truly sufficient, but does not exclude that such attempts being consistently implemented could have some positive theoretical effects, and should be evaluated in each individual case.
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Ahmad Afghor Fahruddin and Moh. Syamsi. "Korelasi antara Strategi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Religius dengan Terbentuknya Akhlaq dalam Diri Siswa." Attaqwa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 16, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/attaqwa.v16i2.52.

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This paper will discuss the relationship between the values of religious character education strategies with the formation of morality in students. The type and approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. In the current era of globalization, people ranging from adolescents, adults and even the elderly and most importantly to parents must be prepared to receive positive and negative impacts in the times, because we can access various information both nationally and internationally very young and fast. To deal with all this, the world of education prioritizes in terms of what strategies can instill the values of religious character education that focus on the formation of morality in students. In implementing the strategy of religious character education values the principal must apply important points such as strategy, educational values, religious character and morality.
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Núñez Donald, Constanza. "Legal Philosophy and Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism. Debates on Morality, Unity, and Power." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 14 (June 15, 2020): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v14.5479.

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Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism is a specific proposal in the international legal debate, the goal of which is the application of constitutional principles at the global level to achieve the universal guarantee of human rights. The author proposes that if we want to respond to the question of whether this project is possible and desirable, we need to analyse whether this is a plausible proposal, considering the distinctive features of law in the transnational sphere. In this light, the principal aim of this work is to show the principal challenges that Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism presents for the classic debates of legal philosophy, considering the current conditions of the international sphere. In this paper, the three topics that are considered are the debates between morality and law, law and power, and law and unity. The topics are problematized from the perspective of two contemporary scholars of Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism: Luigi Ferrajoli and Jürgen Habermas.
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Handriawan, Dony. "Revitalisasi Moral Dalam Pendidikan (Telaah Konsep Pendidikan Moral Ibnu Maskuya)." INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/insania.v18i1.1439.

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Abstract: Various problems plaguing the education sector today, suspected to be one consequence of eroding, even the loss of a spirit of true morality in education. No doubt that when it is no longer a moral foundation and a principal goal of education, then it is certainly going long tails on the emergence of bigger problems, not only will befall in education its self, but will spread to other dimensions, such as social and politics. Moral revitalization in education is the key word and long-term solutions. Moral education is not only to be one of the functions of education, but more than that morality should be the ultimate goal convening of an education. Because the intellect is not based on morality, has been ascertained only will produce successive generations of “disability”, which is only going to ruin the social life of the nation. Corruptor is a concrete manifestation of the erosion of the morality of intellectual, our educational products. Than this paper attempts to unravel the true concept of moral education has been touted 11 centuries ago by a leader, named Ibn Maskuya. Keywords : Education, moral, revitalization, Ibn Maskuya
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George, Robert P. "The Unorthodox Liberalism of Joseph Raz." Review of Politics 53, no. 4 (1991): 652–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050001634x.

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In The Morality of Freedom, Joseph Raz has challenged the anti-perfectionism of orthodox liberal political theory and proposed an alternative form of liberalism based on perfectionist moral premises. Raz maintain that his theory of political morality qualifies as a “liberal” theory in view of the pride of place it gives “autonomy” considered as an intrinsic human good. Nevertheless, autonomy, according to Raz, is valuable only when exercised in the pursuit of morally upright ends. The principal point of contact between Raz's theory and leading antiperfectionist versions of liberalism is his endorsement of a qualified version of J. S. Mill's “harm principle.” Raz argues that, though the law can and should discourage “victimless immortalities” by noncoercive means, it should not criminalize victimless wrongdoing. The article argues that Raz's claims are strongest where his substantive position is weakest. Perfectionist conservatives and antiperfectionist liberals are correct to maintain that Razian perfectionism cannot supply a ground for rejecting coercive legislation to uphold public morality as a matter of principle.
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Wahyudin, Ujang. "POLA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBANGUN AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK." Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v11i1.1659.

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<p><em>This study aims to determine the leadership pattern of the principal in developing Islamic morality of students. This study was conducted with a case study in one of the Integrated Islamic Schools in the City of Bogor, namely SMPIT El Ma'mur which has a school principal with a leadership pattern that is applied can be used as a reference for other Islamic Integrated Junior High Schools in developing Islamic morality of students. </em><em>From the results of research conducted, the leadership pattern of the head of SMPIT El Ma'mur in Bogor City in building Islamic morals is a unique type of leader, with a combination of three types of leadership, namely: democratic, transformational and authoritarian in a low level. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design at SMPIT El Ma'mur. The data in this study were obtained through literature study, and field studies, observation, documentation studies, and interviews</em></p>
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NACASATO, Rayssa Pereira, Rafael Aiello BOMFIM, and Alessandro Diogo DE-CARLI. "Ethical and moral development: aspects relating to professional training in Dentistry." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 64, no. 1 (March 2016): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720160001000063056.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the progression of a public university's dental students through stages of moral development during the course. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 115 students (from the 1st to the 7th semester), to whom the "Opiniões sobre problemas sociais" test, adapted and translated to the Portuguese language, was applied. Results: The collected answers were charted according to the test manual's guidelines and data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software 6.0 and STATA v.13. Principal morality score values, expressed as a P value (%), were 40.26%; 39.32%; 36.45% and 36.27% for the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th semesters, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (ANOVA, p = 0.52). Conclusion: Students' degrees of morality did not vary significantly among the semesters compared, indicating the need for a reorientation of teaching-learning practices that takes the potential of transformative learning into account.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principal of morality"

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Nogueira, Marcos da Fonseca. "O princípio da moralidade na administração tributária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-13122010-164507/.

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A construção de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária, capaz de promover o bem comum, indistintamente, assim como a erradicação da pobreza e da marginalidade, além da redução da desigualdade social, são objetivos de nossa República e com certeza, vontade de quase todos os brasileiros. Isto significa que as ações do Estado têm que ser realizadas visando a concretização de uma justiça social. É para isto que deve estar a serviço o Estado, e é para corroborar com o alcance desta finalidade, que contribuímos por meio dos tributos que pagamos. O tributo advém de uma obrigatoriedade social, que ocasiona a saída do dinheiro da esfera particular e passa a integrar o que conhecemos por recurso público, o qual será administrado pelo Estado, através dos seus agentes estatais. Estes devem gerenciar e empenhar este recurso, única e exclusivamente para cumprir os fins sociais, para o que a honestidade e a probidade são exigências irrenunciáveis. Para ofertar esta garantia é que se presta o princípio da moralidade, o qual está na centralidade de nosso trabalho. Na prática, devido a nossa tradição positivista e a nossa cultura patrimonialista, observamos a dificuldade em se lidar com a moralidade no interior do Direito e especialmente na administração do recurso fruto do esforço coletivo. A consignação do princípio da moralidade em nossa Constituição faz com que a sua observância seja obrigatória no manejo da coisa pública, sendo que a mínima suspeita sobre o seu desrespeito pode e deve ser judicialmente controlado. Para isto é imprescindível que se aprimore cada vez mais os mecanismos de controle. A sociedade civil tem um papel fundamental neste exercício democrático, e para isto, formas dialógicas e interativas entre os cidadãos e o Estado têm que ser constantemente aperfeiçoadas, pois, se a imoralidade na administração tributária favorece somente alguns, a moralidade, por sua vez, vem atender aos interesses da maioria da população.
The construction of a free, fair and solidary society, capable of promoting the common good, indistinctly, such as the eradication of poverty and crime, as well as the decrease in social inequality, are the objectives of our Republic, and without a doubt, the will of nearly all Brazilians. This means that the actions of the State must be executed, bearing in mind the effective implementation of a social justice. This is the role of the State, and it is in order to corroborate within the means of this end that we contribute as taxpayers. Taxes derive from a social obligation in which money leaves the personal sphere and becomes part of what is known as a public resource, which will be administered by the State via its government agents. These agents must manage and make effective use of this public resource, solely and exclusively for the purpose of accomplishing social means, in order for honesty and integrity to be fundamental requirements. This guarantee is ensured by the principal of morality, which is found at the core of our work. In practice, due to our positive law tradition and our patrimonial culture, we observe the difficulty in dealing with morality inside the Law and mainly in the administration of resources which are the product of public efforts. The consignment of the principal of morality in our Constitution makes its observance mandatory in the dealings of public affairs, since a minimal suspicion about its nonobservance may and should be judicially controlled. In order to accomplish this, it is of utmost importance that the control mechanisms are improved continuously. Civil society has a fundamental role in this democratic exercise and therefore, interactive and conversational forms among citizens and the State must be perfected constantly. For, if immorality in the tax administration favors only a few, morality, in its turn, serves the interests of the majority of the population.
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Ruby, Tomislav Z. "WAGING MORAL WAR: THE IMPORTANCE OF PRINCIPAL-AGENT MOTIVATION ALIGNMENT AND CONSTRAINING DOCTRINE ON MORAL U.S. TARGETING DECISIONS." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyposc2004d00151/TomRuby.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2004.
Title from document title page (viewed Oct. 12, 2004). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-274). Also available via the Internet.
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Vincent, Schneider Robert J. "Vincenti Belvacensis De morali principis institutione." Turnholti : Brepols, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32647198.html.

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Irene, Choi. "‘The principle of things’ : materiality and morality from Dutch still-life to Korean Chaekgeori." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63404.

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Elements from Dutch seventeenth-century still-lifes—the trompe-l’oeil motif of the painted curtain, vases of flowers, books and writing instruments—appear in a unique form of Korean painting on folding screens (Chaekgeori) during the late Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Connecting still-life paintings from the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic to the culture of eighteenth-century Joseon Korea, this thesis explores the natures of representation and vision and anxieties about material wealth and everyday objects in both the Protestant Netherlands and the Confucian Joseon dynasty. An important bridge between these two cultures is Qing (1644-1911) China, which had closer cultural contact with Europe than Korea during the eighteenth-century. During this period, Korean scholars were part of the same circles in the same environment in Beijing as European envoys and painters in residence at the Beijing Palace, such as the Italian Jesuit father Giuseppe Castiglione (郞世寧, 1688–1766), known for his illusionistic still-lifes. Thus, China, Korea and Europe were in direct contact, exchanging ideas on various fields of arts and sciences. Not only do I consider the still-life genre as a series of conventions in painting, but more importantly as a mode of exchange through and in representation that allows me to position late Joseon Korea within the larger artistic network of the early modern era between Europe and East Asia.
Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate
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Njoku, Stanislaus Ikenna. "An Exposition of The Morality of Abortion (A Catholic Church Position)." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2918.

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In this modern period, societal and religious groups are strongly divided regarding the acceptability of abortion. Despite so many attempts by various groups to find a middle ground, the debate on abortion still remains largely polarized, at its most dramatic point with the extreme conservatives claiming abortion to be the moral equivalent of murder and the extreme liberals see it as devoid of moral import. And this polarization is due to the legal battle that continues to shadow moral discussions. An acceptance of an ethical nuance will here play as a concession on the deeply contested question of whether abortion should be a legally protected option for a woman, and to an extent blame for the continued crudeness which can be laid at the doorstep of a moral theory itself. Apparently, the ethical literature on abortion has focused almost exclusively on the tiniest moral assessment on whether and when abortion is morally permissible. This question is a crucial one indeed and its answer is desperately sought in this thesis by exposing the position of the Catholic Church.

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Shariat, Sadaf. "The principle of generic consistency as the supreme principle of human rights and the interpretation of 'ordre public' and morality in EU patent law." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11948/.

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This research explores how the Court of Justice of the European Union and European Patent Office should interpret the immorality exclusions to patentability, particularly of biotechnological inventions, through the lens of EU constitutional law. After analysing the application of previous and current balancing tests in hypothetical patent cases and historical decisions made by the organs of the European Patent Organization (EPO) and the Court of Justice of the European Union, the thesis proposes a concept-theoretic position for balancing competing rights under EU patent law. This framework is built around Alan Gewirth’s Principle of Generic Consistency (PGC). The thesis seeks to defend this framework by showing that it is not only applicable to current judicial decisions, but that it does no violence to the provisions of the European Patent Convention, the EU Biotechnology Directive and the European Convention on Human Rights, and is, indeed, applicable in any legal system committed to the universal principles of human rights. The framework is particularly useful in having the capacity to adjudicate conflicting rights. Apart from this adjudication, in line with a broad concept of morality, a co-operative model of the relationship between morality and patentability built upon the key idea that, although the two sets of values can come into conflict, they can also support each other. The thesis applies the concept-theoretic position to three separate contexts: the European patent system, the United States patent system, and on hypothetical cases which were never brought to the court. Using the ‘criterion of degree of needfulness for action’, the thesis successfully analyses balancing rights scenarios in a way which results in consistent and rational decisions.
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Echewodo, Christian Chidi. "Professional Integrity and the Dilemma in Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2405.

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There is no stronger or more enduring prohibition in medicine than the rule against the killing of patients by doctors. This prohibition is rooted in some medical codes and principles. Out standing among the principles surrounding these prohibitions are the principles of beneficence and non-maleficience. The contents of these principles in a way mark the professional integrity of the physician. But the modern approach to health care services pulls a demand for the respect of the individual right of self-determination. This demand is now glaring in almost all the practices pertaining to health care services. In end of life decisions, this modern demand is found much in practices like physician- assisted suicide and euthanasia. It demands that the physician ought to respect the wish and choice of the patient, and so, must assist the patient in bringing about his or her death when requested. In such manner, this views the principle of autonomy as absolute and should not be overridden in any circumstance.

However, the physician on his part is part of the medical profession that has integrity to protect. This integrity in medical profession which demands that the physician works only towards the health care of the patient and to what reduces diseases and deaths often go contrary to this respect for individual autonomy. Thus faced with such requests by patients, the physician always sees his integrity in conflict with his demand to respect the autonomous choice of the patient and so has a dilemma in responding to such requests. This is the focus of this work,"Professional Integrity and the Dilemma in Physician- Assisted Suicide"

However, the centre of my argument in this work is not merely though necessary to develop general arguments for or against the general justification of PAS, but to critically view the role played by the physicians in assisting the death of their patients as it comes in conflict with the medical obligation and integrity. Is it morally right, out rightly wrong or in certain situation permissible that physicians respond positively to the request of the patients for PAS? This is the overarching moral problem in the morality of physician- assisted suicide, and this work will consider this in line with the main problem in the work “the dilemma of professional physicians in the assistance of suicide.

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Ayres, Tiago Leal. "A boa-fé objetiva como vetor de identificação do principio da moralidade administrativa: nova perspectiva de controle da Administração Pública." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10780.

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Esta dissertação tem por escopo a investigação do princípio da moralidade administrativa e o preenchimento do seu conteúdo por meio do vetor da boa-fé objetiva própria do Direito Civil destacando-se as repercussões de tal hipótese no reforço ao controle da Administração Pública. Assim será objeto de análise o conteúdo dogmático daquilo que a Constituição brasileira em seus arts. 5º LXXIII e 37 caput, chamou de “moralidade administrativa” demonstrando-se a existência de um conteúdo plural revelador de funções normativas distintas. No que diz respeito ao aspecto objetivo do princípio da moralidade administrativa especial destaque será dado ao estudo do instituto da boa-fé procedendo-se à sua indispensável incursão histórica tudo para que restem estabelecidas com segurança as bases de aproximação com a moralidade administrativa. Calha ressaltar que o método utilizado para o desenvolvimento do estudo consiste fundamentalmente na investigação doutrinária e na visita a importantes julgados sobre o tema tudo com vistas ao aprofundamento da reflexão sobre a qualificação das relações travadas entre a Administração Pública e os administrados.
Salvador
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Reischl, James Nicholas. "TOWARD A THEORY OF MORALITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF COGNITIVE MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN MARKET CHANNEL DYADS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY USING THE DEFINING ISSUES TEST." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/97.

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This dissertation tackles the ageless human debate of the body versus the soul. Based on Kohlbergian theory, the multidisciplinary literature review advances the proposition that moral development proceeds in waves of referential egoism leading to nonreferential altruism that is couched in power--the apple of the eye. Many inter organizational studies using the Defining Issues Test have compared moral maturity levels coming from various academic backgrounds. Previous studies have purported that education is the chief moderating variable for moral maturity, with little regard for paradigmatic bases of power. Yet, in this study noncoercive power is carefully controlled because of the highly technical procurement process used in construction contracting. Coercive power and position in the food chain become the main moderators, because success is not measured by charm or wisdom or even social relations, but only by the low bid in accordance with the contractual specifications. The results from 93 respondents of the Iowa Architects Institute of America (n = 93) indicated that despite the higher education and aesthetic interests, the sample of architects ranked low on moral maturity level when compared to the average of the DIT data bank as a whole. Postconventional scores were 36.4 versus 39.1, respectively. Few intra organizational studies have been conducted examining moral maturity levels among groups in the same work setting. This research also compared the moral maturity of intra industry groups in marketing dyads consisting of architects, contractors, and suppliers using the Defining Issues Test and ANOVA. Again it was expected that architects with higher education and aesthetic interests would rank highest. So in addition to the architects, the members of the Iowa Associated General Contractors and Iowa Associated Builders and Contractors were solicited. This added 32 contractors (n = 32) and 27 suppliers (n = 27), to the total sample (n = 153). Findings showed significant differences among the groups (F (2, 150) = 3.64, p = .05). Yet post hoc comparisons revealed that there was no significant difference in moral maturity levels between architects and contractors engrossed in the same power paradigm (p = 1.00). However, a significant difference existed between architects and suppliers (p =.024). This implication is consistent with the teleological pattern that is prevalent in research studies of salespeople. In summary, performance-based organizations and theorists of stakeholder theory may expect no less than orthodox and opportunistic choices in the real world of business as long as performance remains the ultimate criterion of success.
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Strenth, Robert. "The Moral Reasoning and Moral Decision Making of Urban High-Poverty Elementary School Principals in a Large Urban Southeastern School District." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5872.

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The focus of this research was to identify the moral reasoning and moral judgment of elementary school principals who serve in high-poverty schools. The study was undertaken at the request of the client public school district who was attempting to identify characteristics of current elementary principals serving in high-poverty schools. Two research questions guided this study concerning the moral operational level of the principals. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the work of Lawrence Kohlberg and his stages of moral development. Participating principals were administered the Defining Issues Test-2 (DIT-2), a pencil-paper questionnaire that presented five moral dilemmas and a series of statements asking for the participant to rank solutions to the dilemmas. The results indicated that the majority of participants operated from lower levels of moral development, reasoning, and judgment. Participants' scores were matched with their schools' performance grades. There was not an indication that high moral scores and high school performance were linked. This study confirmed the results of an early study conducted by Vitton and Wasonga (2009) and encourages a deeper examination of the results of accountability and principal decision making.
Ed.D.
Doctorate
Teaching, Learning, and Leadership
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership; Executive
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Books on the topic "Principal of morality"

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Moehler, Michael. Pure Instrumental Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the domain of pure instrumental morality that represents the second level of the two-level contractarian theory. To this end, the chapter clarifies the features of the homo prudens model that underlies the derivation of the weak principle of universalization. Further, the chapter develops, in the form of the empathetic contractor theory, the hypothetical decision situation in which rational agents are placed to derive the weak principle of universalization. Finally, the chapter clarifies the features of the weak principle of universalization that, although its derivation does not rely on substantial moral premises as traditionally conceived, weakly expresses the moral ideals of autonomy, equality, impartiality, and reciprocity.
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Crisp, Roger. Richard Price on Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817277.003.0015.

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This essay examines the position on virtue taken by the Welsh dissenting minister and philosopher Richard Price in his A Review of the Principal Questions in Morals, first published in 1758. Price speaks broadly of the ‘obligations of virtue’, seeing virtue as in effect equivalent to morality, obligation, or what is morally right; so an examination of his views on virtue will engage with his first-order or normative ethics as a whole. The essay reconstructs Price’s views on the nature and origin of virtue, virtue and the happiness of the agent, moral motivation, the role of the affections, consequentialism, and the unity of virtue. This reconstruction is compared with Terry Irwin’s interpretation and assessment of Price in The Development of Ethics.
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Moehler, Michael. Minimal Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.001.0001.

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This book develops a novel multilevel social contract theory that, in contrast to existing theories in the liberal tradition, does not merely assume a restricted form of reasonable moral pluralism, but is tailored to the conditions of deeply morally pluralistic societies that may be populated by liberal moral agents, nonliberal moral agents, and, according to the traditional understanding of morality, nonmoral agents alike. To develop this theory, the book draws on the history of the social contract tradition, especially the work of Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Rawls, and Gauthier, as well as on the work of some of the critics of this tradition, such as Sen and Gaus. The two-level contractarian theory holds that morality in its best contractarian version for the conditions of deeply morally pluralistic societies entails Humean, Hobbesian, and Kantian moral features. The theory defines the minimal behavioral restrictions that are necessary to ensure, compared to violent conflict resolution, mutually beneficial peaceful long-term cooperation in deeply morally pluralistic societies. The theory minimizes the problem of compliance by maximally respecting the interests of all members of society. Despite its ideal nature, the theory is, in principle, applicable to the real world and, for the conditions described, most promising for securing mutually beneficial peaceful long-term cooperation in a world in which a fully just society, due to moral diversity, is unattainable. If Rawls’ intention was to carry the traditional social contract argument to a higher level of abstraction, then the two-level contractarian theory brings it back down to earth.
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Coady, C. A. J. The Hazards of Rescue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0025.

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After briefly exploring the background to and nature of human rights, and endorsing their importance and significant universality, this chapter examines the problems that can afflict the humanitarian impulse to rescue people from human rights violations worldwide. These problems concern principally the implementation of programmes of rescue in complex circumstances involving nuanced political, cultural, and moral judgements. A besetting difficulty is that created by various forms of what the author calls “moralism” which is a distortion of morality, though political realists in genuine recognition of the difficulty often mistake moralism for morality itself. The chapter first discusses the problems of implementation for non-violent humanitarian aid and rescue operations, noting the criticisms and responses made by some aid practitioners themselves, and then examines, largely through the lens of moralism, the relevance of these difficulties to the more dramatic rescue efforts of violent military humanitarian intervention.
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Moehler, Michael. Two-Level Contractarian Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785927.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the domain of traditional morality that represents the first level of the two-level contractarian theory. To this end, the chapter presents, in the form of Hume’s moral conventionalism and Gaus’ moral theory, two accounts of morality that, from the perspective of the two-level contractarian theory, help clarify the origin and general features of traditional first-level morality as understood in this book. Further, the chapter clarifies the reasons that the two-level contractarian theory is a two-level theory and not a two-stage theory, and that traditional first-level morality takes priority in regulating morally relevant types of social interaction. Finally, the chapter addresses some practical concerns that may arise in the application of the two-level contractarian theory, especially the application of the weak principle of universalization.
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Clayton, Matthew, and Andres Moles. Neurointerventions, Morality, and Children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0014.

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Is the political community morally permitted to use neurointerventions to improve the moral conduct of children? Putting aside difficult questions concerning the institutionalization of moral enhancement, the authors address this question, first, by arguing that is not, in itself, always morally impermissible for the community to impose neurointerventions on adults. Although certain ideals, such as the ideal of individual autonomy, limit the permissible employment of neurointerventions, they do not generate a moral constraint that always forbids their use. Thereafter, they argue that because young children lack certain moral capacities that adults possess, the moral limits that pertain to the use of neurointerventions to improve their moral behaviour are, in principle, less restrictive than they are for adults.
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Quong, Jonathan. The Morality of Defensive Force. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851103.001.0001.

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This book provides an account of the central moral principles that regulate the permissible use of defensive force. The book argues that we cannot understand the morality of defensive force until we ask and answer deeper questions about how the use of defensive force fits with a more general account of justice and moral rights. In developing this view the book offers original accounts of liability, proportionality, and necessity. It also argues, contra the dominant view in the literature, that self-defence can sometimes be justified on the basis of an agent-relative prerogative to give greater weight to one’s own life and interests. The book also provides a novel conception of individual rights against harm. Unlike some, who believe that our rights against harm are fact-relative, Quong argues that our rights against being harmed by others must, in certain respects, be sensitive to the evidence that others can reasonably be expected to possess. The final chapter provides an extended defence of the means principle, a principle that prohibits harmfully using other persons’ bodies or other rightful property unless those persons are duty bound to permit this use or have otherwise waived their claims against such use.
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MacAskill, William, Andreas Mogensen, and Toby Ord. Giving Isn’t Demanding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190648879.003.0007.

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Peter Singer argues that middle-class members of affluent countries have an obligation to give away almost all their income to fight poverty in the developing world. Others, however, argue that this view is too demanding: it is asking more of us than morality truly requires. This chapter proposes a weaker principle, the very weak principle of sacrifice: Most middle-class members of affluent countries ought, morally, to use at least 10 percent of their income to effectively improve the lives of others. This principle is not very demanding at all, and therefore the “demandingness” objection has not even pro tanto force against it.
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Forst, Rainer. Realisms in International Political Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798873.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the concept of realism in political science. It examines challenges and critiques against realism in this field, particularly when compared to its opposite—moralism. The chapter goes on to illustrate the unrealistic nature of certain realisms applied to political science, by citing three examples: the “realistic utopian” theory, immanence to practice, and a realism driven by a Nietzschean critique of morality and insisting on the categorical difference between morality and politics. The realisms of these examples are then rejected, paving the way for a discussion into the principle of justification. Finally, the chapter elaborates on two components for critical realism with regard to justice and democracy in transnational contexts: normative and empirical.
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Robertson, Simon. Nietzsche and Contemporary Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722212.001.0001.

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Nietzsche is one of the most subversive ethical thinkers of the Western canon. This book offers a critical assessment of his ethical thought and its significance for contemporary moral philosophy. It develops a charitable but critical reading of his thought, pushing some claims and arguments as far as seems fruitful while rejecting others. But it also uses Nietzsche in dialogue with, so to contribute to, a range of long-standing issues within normative ethics, metaethics, value theory, practical reason, and moral psychology. The book is divided into three principal parts. Part I examines Nietzsche’s critique of morality, arguing that it raises well-motivated challenges to morality’s normative authority and value: his error theory about morality’s categoricity is in a better position than many contemporary versions; and his critique of moral values has bite even against undemanding moral theories, with significant implications not just for rarefied excellent types but also us. Part II turns to moral psychology, attributing to Nietzsche and defending a sentimentalist explanation of action and motivation. Part III considers his non-moral perfectionism, developing models of value and practical normativity that avoid difficulties facing many contemporary accounts and that may therefore be of wider interest. The discussion concludes by considering Nietzsche’s broader significance: as well as calling into question many of moral philosophy’s deepest assumptions, he challenges our usual views of what ethics itself is—and what it, and we, should be doing.
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Book chapters on the topic "Principal of morality"

1

Singer, Marcus G. "Universalizability and the Generalization Principle." In Morality and Universality, 47–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5285-0_2.

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Forge, John. "Morality and the Harm Principle." In SpringerBriefs in Ethics, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16860-5_1.

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Banham, Gary. "The Supreme Principle of Morality." In Kant's Practical Philosophy, 64–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230501188_4.

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Bossacoma Busquets, Pau. "The Principle of Nationality." In Morality and Legality of Secession, 71–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26589-2_3.

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Bossacoma Busquets, Pau. "The Principle of Democracy and Secession." In Morality and Legality of Secession, 255–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26589-2_9.

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Fierens, Christian. "The necessary articulation of the principle of morality with the pleasure principle 1." In The Jouissance Principle, 70–81. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003055662-12.

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Nemeth, Thomas. "[66]Chapter 2 The Ascetic Principle in Morality." In Vladimir Solov’ëv's Justification of the Moral Good, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12775-0_3.

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Nemeth, Thomas. "[104]Chapter 4 The Religious Principle in Morality." In Vladimir Solov’ëv's Justification of the Moral Good, 69–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12775-0_5.

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Nemeth, Thomas. "[189]Chapter 8 The Unconditional Principle of Morality." In Vladimir Solov’ëv's Justification of the Moral Good, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12775-0_9.

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Akuffo, Edward Ansah. "Morality as Organizing Principle: Making Sense of Canada–Africa Relations." In The Palgrave Handbook of Canada in International Affairs, 635–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67770-1_28.

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