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1
Rohmad, Ali. "Basic Values and the Morality of Islamic Education Leadership at State Junior High School 1 Jogorogo, Ngawi, East Java." Istawa : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijpi.v5i1.2613.
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This research aims to determine the basic values and leadership morality in SMPN 1 Jogorogo. This research is qualitative research with the descriptive method, data collection with observation, and interview techniques. Principal leadership is democratic; principals are open in making policies involving teachers and employees, especially in making plans for school programs. The principal receives input and suggestions from parties related to the systems made. The basic values of leadership applied by the principal take the benefits of the four characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad. Namely, shidiq, amanah, tabligh, and fathanah. While the leadership of morality is applied is faith and devotion to Allah SWT, competent and knowledgeable, patient, humble, and prioritizes deliberation in making decisions.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai dasar dan moralitas kepemimpinan di SMPN 1 Jogorogo. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah adalah demokratis, dan kepala sekolah terbuka dalam membuat kebijakan yang melibatkan guru dan karyawan, terutama dalam membuat rencana untuk program sekolah. Kepala sekolah menerima masukan dan saran dari pihak terkait dengan sistem yang dibuat. Nilai-nilai dasar kepemimpinan yang diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah mengambil manfaat dari empat karakteristik Nabi Muhammad. Yaitu, shidiq, amanah, tabligh, dan fathanah. Sedangkan moralitas kepemimpinan yang diterapkan adalah iman dan pengabdian kepada Allah SWT, kompeten dan berpengetahuan luas, sabar, rendah hati, dan memprioritaskan musyawarah dalam pengambilan keputusan.
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Tinambunan, Edison R. L. "Awal Moral Kristiani." Studia Philosophica et Theologica 19, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/spet.v19i1.90.
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The development of Christian morality takes a long journey which was started when the Church was born. There were many typical moral cases faced by the Church at each period of time. From one period to another one, moralists came out to solve the cases by giving the right assessment according to the Church’s way of life. A period which was well-known in the journey of Christian morality is the period of the Fathers of the Church. The principle of Christian morality is love which is based on the Gospel and the commandment of Jesus Christ. This was documented in Didache which was used by the Christians at that time. It was the principal moral document of early Christianity. In the development, it was then added by other principals: freedom and justice which were applied in the Christian life. The three principals (love, freedom and justice) formed Christian attitude in respecting other Christians and all people which is applied perfectly by Augustine. The following development of Christian morality was the development of the practice and the profound of what had been laid down before by the Fathers of the Church, with addition of the figure which is excelling in the life as Job, who had been interpreted by Gregory the Great. This writing is ended at this point, because the research is limited from the beginning up to the first development of Christian morality during the period of the Fathers of the Church.
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MORRISTON, WES. "God and the ontological foundation of morality." Religious Studies 48, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412510000740.
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AbstractIn recent years, William Lane Craig has vigorously championed a moral argument for God's existence. The backbone of Craig's argument is the claim that only God can provide a ‘sound foundation in reality’ for morality. The present article has three principal aims. The first is to interpret and clarify the account of the ontological foundation of morality proposed by Craig. The second is to press home an important objection to that account. The third is to expose the weakness of Craig's case for saying that without God morality would be groundless and illusory.
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Apressyan, Ruben G. "On Divergence of “Morality” and “Ethics”." Ethical Thought 21, no. 1 (2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-1-5-23.
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The divergence of Russian concepts “moral'” and “nravstvennost'” (in German “Sittlichkeit”, in English “ethics”/“ethical life”, in French “éthique”) in various versions is quite common in literature and can be taken as a doubtless discursive fact. Usually such divergence is a result of substantialization of some functional and normative features of morality/ethics distinguished by philosophy. Internal heterogeneity is inherent in morality/ethics both at functional and normative levels. A special analysis of various attempts to discriminate “morality” and “ethics” is needed to clarify the theoretical and methodological prerequisites of such divergence, its principal expediency, probable rationale and possible ‘gaps’. For authors outside of philosophy, especially moral philosophy, the separation of “morality” and “ethics” often turns out to be the last stage in their contemplation of morality-ethics with an evident disregard of conceptual apparatus developed in moral philosophy to conceptualize the phenomenon of morality/ethics in its internal heterogeneity and polyvalence. It would be an oversimplification to think that attempts to diverge morality and ethics have been always a result of theoretical misunderstandings. On the contrary, the divergence may be motivated by convincing theoretical reasons and authors who apply such approach commonly consider it as a fruitful way to enhance our understanding of normative culture and normative experience. The article attempts to analyze in the first approximation some projects in divergence of morality and ethics. The author of the article does not believe that the distinction of morality and ethics is truly sufficient, but does not exclude that such attempts being consistently implemented could have some positive theoretical effects, and should be evaluated in each individual case.
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Ahmad Afghor Fahruddin and Moh. Syamsi. "Korelasi antara Strategi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Religius dengan Terbentuknya Akhlaq dalam Diri Siswa." Attaqwa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 16, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/attaqwa.v16i2.52.
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This paper will discuss the relationship between the values of religious character education strategies with the formation of morality in students. The type and approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. In the current era of globalization, people ranging from adolescents, adults and even the elderly and most importantly to parents must be prepared to receive positive and negative impacts in the times, because we can access various information both nationally and internationally very young and fast. To deal with all this, the world of education prioritizes in terms of what strategies can instill the values of religious character education that focus on the formation of morality in students. In implementing the strategy of religious character education values the principal must apply important points such as strategy, educational values, religious character and morality.
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Núñez Donald, Constanza. "Legal Philosophy and Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism. Debates on Morality, Unity, and Power." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 14 (June 15, 2020): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v14.5479.
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Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism is a specific proposal in the international legal debate, the goal of which is the application of constitutional principles at the global level to achieve the universal guarantee of human rights. The author proposes that if we want to respond to the question of whether this project is possible and desirable, we need to analyse whether this is a plausible proposal, considering the distinctive features of law in the transnational sphere. In this light, the principal aim of this work is to show the principal challenges that Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism presents for the classic debates of legal philosophy, considering the current conditions of the international sphere. In this paper, the three topics that are considered are the debates between morality and law, law and power, and law and unity. The topics are problematized from the perspective of two contemporary scholars of Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism: Luigi Ferrajoli and Jürgen Habermas.
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Handriawan, Dony. "Revitalisasi Moral Dalam Pendidikan (Telaah Konsep Pendidikan Moral Ibnu Maskuya)." INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/insania.v18i1.1439.
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Abstract: Various problems plaguing the education sector today, suspected to be one consequence of eroding, even the loss of a spirit of true morality in education. No doubt that when it is no longer a moral foundation and a principal goal of education, then it is certainly going long tails on the emergence of bigger problems, not only will befall in education its self, but will spread to other dimensions, such as social and politics. Moral revitalization in education is the key word and long-term solutions. Moral education is not only to be one of the functions of education, but more than that morality should be the ultimate goal convening of an education. Because the intellect is not based on morality, has been ascertained only will produce successive generations of “disability”, which is only going to ruin the social life of the nation. Corruptor is a concrete manifestation of the erosion of the morality of intellectual, our educational products. Than this paper attempts to unravel the true concept of moral education has been touted 11 centuries ago by a leader, named
Ibn Maskuya.
Keywords : Education, moral, revitalization, Ibn Maskuya
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George, Robert P. "The Unorthodox Liberalism of Joseph Raz." Review of Politics 53, no. 4 (1991): 652–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050001634x.
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In The Morality of Freedom, Joseph Raz has challenged the anti-perfectionism of orthodox liberal political theory and proposed an alternative form of liberalism based on perfectionist moral premises. Raz maintain that his theory of political morality qualifies as a “liberal” theory in view of the pride of place it gives “autonomy” considered as an intrinsic human good. Nevertheless, autonomy, according to Raz, is valuable only when exercised in the pursuit of morally upright ends. The principal point of contact between Raz's theory and leading antiperfectionist versions of liberalism is his endorsement of a qualified version of J. S. Mill's “harm principle.” Raz argues that, though the law can and should discourage “victimless immortalities” by noncoercive means, it should not criminalize victimless wrongdoing. The article argues that Raz's claims are strongest where his substantive position is weakest. Perfectionist conservatives and antiperfectionist liberals are correct to maintain that Razian perfectionism cannot supply a ground for rejecting coercive legislation to uphold public morality as a matter of principle.
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Wahyudin, Ujang. "POLA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MEMBANGUN AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK." Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/tawazun.v11i1.1659.
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<p><em>This study aims to determine the leadership pattern of the principal in developing Islamic morality of students. This study was conducted with a case study in one of the Integrated Islamic Schools in the City of Bogor, namely SMPIT El Ma'mur which has a school principal with a leadership pattern that is applied can be used as a reference for other Islamic Integrated Junior High Schools in developing Islamic morality of students. </em><em>From the results of research conducted, the leadership pattern of the head of SMPIT El Ma'mur in Bogor City in building Islamic morals is a unique type of leader, with a combination of three types of leadership, namely: democratic, transformational and authoritarian in a low level. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design at SMPIT El Ma'mur. The data in this study were obtained through literature study, and field studies, observation, documentation studies, and interviews</em></p>
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NACASATO, Rayssa Pereira, Rafael Aiello BOMFIM, and Alessandro Diogo DE-CARLI. "Ethical and moral development: aspects relating to professional training in Dentistry." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 64, no. 1 (March 2016): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720160001000063056.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the progression of a public university's dental students through stages of moral development during the course. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 115 students (from the 1st to the 7th semester), to whom the "Opiniões sobre problemas sociais" test, adapted and translated to the Portuguese language, was applied. Results: The collected answers were charted according to the test manual's guidelines and data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software 6.0 and STATA v.13. Principal morality score values, expressed as a P value (%), were 40.26%; 39.32%; 36.45% and 36.27% for the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th semesters, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (ANOVA, p = 0.52). Conclusion: Students' degrees of morality did not vary significantly among the semesters compared, indicating the need for a reorientation of teaching-learning practices that takes the potential of transformative learning into account.
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Braund, D. "ANALOGY, POLARITY AND MORALITY IN SCYTHIAN HIPPAKE: REFLECTIONS ON HERODOTUS, (HISTORIES 4. 2)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.02.32.
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This paper has two principal purposes. First, in section 1, I offer some very general points about how we may best understand Greek treatments of Scythian themes. It is argued that the tendency to stress the difference (even polarity) between Greeks and Scythians should be balanced and at least contextualised by consideration of similarities and analogies too. In the second part, it is argued in detail that the milking of horses was by no means strange to Greeks, even though Greeks made much less use of horse milk, and preferred to consume it in liquid form and not as cheese (hippake).
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Sedgwick, Sally. "Metaphysics and Morality in Kant and Hegel." Hegel Bulletin 19, no. 1-2 (1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001257.
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Even for those who have struggled with Hegel long enough to discover that he is neither a positivist nor a communitarian, nor (at the other end of the spectrum) a Platonist, the fact that he also insists upon distinguishing his approach to practical philosophy from Kant's may seem deeply puzzling. After all, the two philosophers share in common the same principal opponents. Both set out to undermine the sceptic's doubts about the possibility of objective practical judgments and requirements; both in addition reject positivist derivations of law, exclusively empiricist accounts of human behaviour, and intuitionist forms of justification. The two philosophers furthermore seem to share the same conception of the conditions of human freedom. For Hegel as well as Kant, a theory of morality and political right devoted to advancing the cause of freedom must require more than just the absence of obstacles preventing the satisfaction of our animal passions. For Hegel as well as Kant, freedom requires in addition the respect of the ends we have as rational natures. We achieve this kind of freedom when our actions are motivated by the legislation of reason and when the social norms which constrain us are norms we can rationally endorse.Despite these similarities, Hegel tells us in the Philosophy of Right that the conception of freedom he associates with Kant and discusses under the heading of “Moralität” must give way to the more adequate conception of “Sittlichkeit” or “ethical life”. It is clear that Hegel finds unacceptable what he calls the “empty formalism” of Kant's practical philosophy; it is also clear that he thinks that Kant's practical philosophy is “formal” because its supreme law or categorical imperative is an a priori law of reason. But this doesn't yet tell us why, for Hegel, these features of the Kantian approach are objectionable. In my view, we do his critique little justice if we say that it is aimed at a consequence which presumably follows from Kant's preoccupation with providing an a priori foundation for law and morality: namely, the failure to give sufficient moral weight to the empirical particulars which individuate persons and situations and need to be taken into account in the practice of moral assessment. As I shall argue below, the suggestion that Kant's formalism requires us to ignore empirical content in this way is neither plausible as a critique of Kant nor accurate as a representation of what troubles Hegel about Kant. We go more to the heart of the matter, I believe, if we say instead that Hegel is out to challenge the very distinction between the “empirical” and the “pure” or “a priori” so fundamental to both Kant's practical and theoretical philosophy. Hegel's critique of Kant's practical philosophy is an instance of his critique of Kant's idealism more generally, and of the assumptions about reason and nature upon which that idealism rests. Or so I shall argue here.
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DAWSON, HANNAH. "THE NORMATIVITY OF NATURE IN PUFENDORF AND LOCKE." Historical Journal 63, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 528–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000359.
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abstractAt the beginning of De jure naturae et gentium (1672), Samuel von Pufendorf proposed a radical dichotomy between nature and morality. He was followed down this arid path by his great admirer John Locke. This article begins by exploring their descriptions of this dichotomy, examining the ways in which human animals were supposed to haul themselves out of the push and pull of the mechanistic world in order to become free moral agents. The article then argues that bubbling up from within this principal account of morality is an alternative account according to which virtue seems to infuse nature, thereby blurring the lines between obligation and motivation, and refiguring the character of moral and political agency. In uncovering this refiguration, I highlight the importance of Aristotelianism and Stoicism for Pufendorf and Locke, suggest continuities rather than breaks between the natural lawyers of the seventeenth century and the theorists of moral sentiment of the next, and gesture towards a hitherto underappreciated discourse in early modern thought: the normativity of nature.
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Rooney, Paul. "Divine Commands and Arbitrariness." Religious Studies 31, no. 2 (June 1995): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500023465.
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According to the divine command theory of morality, what is right or wrong, good or bad, is entirely dependent on the will and command of God: what He commands is right and what He forbids is wrong just because He commands or forbids it. It is argued here that the principal religious objection to this theory – that if it were true, moral precepts would be arbitrary – is rendered ineffective when due consideration is given to the consequences of God's omnipotence, and in particular, to His rationality and to His responsibility for deciding, in creation, what the characteristics of human nature are to be.
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Arief, Mohamad, and Rusman Rusman. "Manajemen kurikulum berbasis pendidikan karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri Ujung Menteng 01 Pagi Jakarta." Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v12i1.20121.
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Abstrak: Degradasi moralitas kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara pada kalangan anak-anak remaja (peserta didik) berada pada kondisi yang cukup memprihatinkan. Tergambarkan dari begitu banyaknya permasalahan anak-anak remaja yang kita saksikan, baik secara langsung maupun dari berbagai media. Sebagai tempat pendidikan formal, tentu saja sekolah memiliki peran tersendiri sebagai wadah dalam menempa moralitas dan karakteristik peserta didik. Sekolah memiliki berbagai sumber daya, akan tetapi apakah sumber daya tersebut telah dikelola dengan seksama? Dari latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali, menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana manajemen kurikulum berbasis pendidikan karakter diimplementasikan di sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Selain itu peneliti juga bertindak langsung sebagai key instrument untuk mendapatkan data yang jauh lebih mendalam dan bermakna saat dilapangan dari berbagai sumber yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi-fungsi dari manajemen kurikulum berperan besar dalam keberhasilan sekolah mencapai visi, misi, tujuan, dan program-program sekolah yang dicanangkan. Salah satu faktor penunjang manajemen kurikulum tersebut adalah sikap dan gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Sebagai ujung tombak dalam manajemen kurikulum, kepala sekolah mengambil peran yang luar biasa sebagai inspirator, motivator, figur keteladanan, supervisi akademik, dan manajerial bagi segenap elemen yang ada di sekolah. Kata Kunci : Manajemen Kurikulum, Pendidikan Karakter CHARACTER BUILDING BASED CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT AT SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI UJUNG MENTENG 01 PAGI JAKARTA Abstract: The degradation of the morality of nation and state life among children (learners) is in a fairly apprehensive condition. It has been described by so many problems among children, either directly or from various media. As a place of formal education, of course the school has its own role in forging the morality and characteristics of learners. School has a variety of resources, but has it been carefully managed? From this background, this research aims to analyze, explore and describe how character-based curriculum management is implemented in schools. The research method used is descriptive with qualitative approach of case study. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. In addition, researcher also acts directly as a key instrument when in the field to obtain data which is much more profound and meaningful from various relevant sources. The results show that the functions of curriculum management play major roles in the success of the school to achieve the vision, mission, goals and programs of the school that proclaimed. One of the factors supporting the management of the curriculum is the attitude and style of leadership of the principal. As a spearhead in curriculum management, the principal takes extraordinary roles either as an inspirator, a motivator, an exemplary figure, an academic supervisor, or manager for all elements of the school. Keywords: Curriculum Management, Character Building
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Megela, Ivan. "Politics and Morality in the Novel “The Capital” by Robert Menasse." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.05.
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The article illustrates the relationship between politics and morality in the novel «The Capital» written by the famous Austrian writer Robert Menasse, a recipient of the German Book Prize in 2017. The research focuses on the study of the preliminaries for the 50th anniversary of the European Commission, one of the principal bureaucratic institutions of the European Union. The article highlights the anniversary celebration settings in the Department of Culture and Education. It considers different views on the event format in terms of the fundamental provisions of the European Commission with reference to historical memory and internal conflicts within the bureaucracy. The message of the primary slogan of the project “Concentration camps – never again!” is explained, integrating the past (remembrance of Auschwitz, the Holocaust) and the present (the real state of affairs in the European Union) along with a vision of the prospective political establishment of the shared European community. In this respect, some bullet points of the report made by the professor Alois Erhart from Vienna, a think tank member and the author’s alter ego, represent a common view of substantialization of the united Europe based on overcoming contradictions between the European Union policy and the national interests of the member countries. The research examines the peculiarities of the literary space in the «The Capital». It is determined that the complexity and diversity of the work produce a hybrid novel form, incorporating the features of the intellectual prose, essay, political pamphlet, and the thriller. An important aspect, highlighted in the article, involves the issue of fiction, fabrication, factuality in terms of the author-reader game accompanying the process of sense generation and text perception. The connotation of a grotesque image of a pig running through the center of Brussels is examined from different perspectives, both as an artistic device implicated in distinct plot lines, and as a metaphor attributed to the overall state of affairs in the capital of the united Europe.
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Diez, Maria del Carmen Fernandez, and Maria de los Reyes Corripio Gil-Delgado. "Is Intellectual property Right Legislation Constraining the Agrifood Biotechnology Sector in the European Union?" Science & Technology Studies 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55155.
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In this paper, we discuss the implications of the recent Intellectual Property Right (IPR) enforcement in the European Union (EU) as a potential factor affecting agrifood biotechnology industry stagnation. After presenting a theoretical framework justifying patents, we describe some controversial questions in the European patent protection related to: a) the distinction between discovery and invention and; b) the morality and ordre public exception to the patentability. Although we provide some evidence about the reduction in importance of agrifood activities compared to that of pharmaceutical areas of application, we conclude that differences between EU and other developed countries IPR legislations are not the principal regulatory controversial factor affecting activities in the agrifood biotechnology sector.
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Hardin, Richard F. "Encountering Plautus in the Renaissance: A Humanist Debate on Comedy*." Renaissance Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2007): 789–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2007.0276.
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AbstractHistorians of comedy can profit from a study of the sixteenth-century debates regarding the merits of Plautus (ca. 254–184 BCE), most of whose works were unknown before the late fifteenth century. Early performances and editions led to contemporary theories regarding laughter, language, and morality, often in the context of a comparison with the plays of Terence (d. 159 BCE), who was sometimes viewed as superior by upper-class audiences. From the conflicting opinions of Andrea Navagero and Francesco Florido, to the neoclassical strictures of Daniel Heinsius, this study pursues learned opinion on Plautus as he became a principal author in the European canon. Plautus’s variances from Aristotelian and Horatian precepts created a lively and lasting ferment in discussions of comedy.
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Browne, Sarah. "The Last Ship from Broadway to Newcastle: A feminist political musical for the Brexit era." Studies in Musical Theatre 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt.12.3.377_1.
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Sting’s musical, The Last Ship premiered on Broadway in 2014. Four years later, following a series of workshops at Northern Stage, the musical embarked on its UK tour featuring a number of revisions to its narrative and structure. What emerges from the revised production is a narrative, which places women at the centre through affording them agency and allowing them to occupy powerful, liminal spaces. Whilst The Last Ship remains a tale for the working classes, its UK revisions do well to reposition the central role of the women in this community. Through removing principal characters, which previously served to reinforce a patriarchal hierarchy, the fictional women of Wallsend now drive the plot, allowing for The Last Ship to communicate a morality tale, which echoes the ideologies of a feminist, post-Brexit era.
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Ismi, Alivia. "PENGARUH PERHATIAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN SIKAP AKHLAKUL KARIMAH GURU TERHADAP HASIL PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SANTRI DI PONDOK MODERN DARUSSALAM GONTOR SE-JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Penelitian dan Penilaian Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jppp.v3i1.5907.
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The results of the santri character education are educational outputs that are very much needed for the birth of a generation of intelligent characters. To achieve this goal, supporting factors that can maximize the results of character education are needed, including the attention of the principal, which is a form of awareness of the principal to observe the school community in accordance with its main functions and tasks, while the moral attitude of the teacher is the inherent commendable behavior in the educator who is embedded in his soul. So this thesis aims to determine the effect of the attention of the principal and the attitude of the teacher's morals to the results of the character education of students in Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor in East Java. The respondents of this study were 110 homeroom teachers at Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor for Boys 1 located in Ponorogo, East Java and Islamic Boarding School Darussalam Gontor for Girl 1 located in Ngawi, East Java. This boarding school is famous for its high level of discipline. To test the hypothesis, this study uses inferential quantitative methods and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The findings in this study resulted in p21 = 0.425, thitung= 4.878 and p-value = 0.000 <0.05, which means that the attention of the principal directly positively influences the moral attitude of teachers. P31 = 0.243, thitung = 2.548 and p-value = 0.006 <0.05, which means that the attention of the principal directly has a positive effect on the students' character education outcomes. P32 = 0.291, thitung = 3.054 and p-value = 0.0015 <0.05, which means that the moral attitude of the teacher's has a positive direct effect on the results of the students' character education. Thus, the results of this study are that there is a significant positive direct effect of the attention of the principal and the attitude of the teacher's morality towards the results of the character education of students.
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Sarkisian, Roberto. "Optimal Incentives Schemes under Homo Moralis Preferences." Games 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12010028.
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This study focuses on the optimal incentive schemes in a multi-agent moral hazard model, where each agent has other-regarding preferences and an individual measure of output, with both being observable by the principal. In particular, the two agents display homo moralis preferences. I find that, contrary to the case with purely selfish preferences, tournaments can never be optimal when agents are risk averse, and as the degree of morality increases, positive payments are made in a larger number of output realizations. Furthermore, I extend the analysis to a dynamic setting, in which a contract is initially offered to the agents, who then repeatedly choose which level of effort to provide in each period. I show that the optimal incentive schemes in this case are similar to the ones obtained in the static setting, but for the role of intertemporal discounting.
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Wrobel, Janusz. "Capitalist Aspirations and the Communist Legacy in Poland." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (1992): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199241/28.
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The social mentality of the Poles in the early 1990s reflects a fusion of Solidarity's heritage, understood in a broader, historical perspective, and the communist legacy of the last forty-five years which consists of five principal elements: the new work ethos; acceptance of a protective character of the state; changes in morality; lack of full acceptance of a free market economy; and adaptation of certain communist doctrines of social equality. The contradictions between these new features and historically-grounded, traditional Polish values manifest themselves in a basic conflict between the communist legacy still present in social mentality that expects the benefits offered by the former socialist system, and capitalist aspirations of Poles toward a new, higher, Western standard of living. From the perspective of the Polish historical, cultural, and religious heritage, a Christian political economy appears most suitable for overcoming the country's negative legacy.
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Still, Clarinda. ""They have it in their stomachs but they can't vomit it up"." Focaal 2013, no. 65 (March 1, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2013.650107.
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This article examines the social effects of India's affirmative action policy (“reservations“) on the relationship between dalits and the dominant castes. Drawing on fieldwork in rural southern India, this article looks at the way people use their knowledge of reservations (however imperfect) to form opinions that shape behavior in everyday life. I argue that this policy is used to vindicate upper-caste antipathy toward dalits and has become an important part of new discriminatory attitudes. While discrimination on the basis of pollution has become muted, in its place reservations (combined with ideas about habits, morality, and cleanliness) have become the principal idiom through which the dominant openly express resentment toward dalits. In this sense, the language of reservations enables and legitimates an upsurge of anti-dalit feeling. This leads us to consider whether the positive effects of the policy can effectively counteract the caste antagonism caused by it in everyday life.
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Saleem, Samira, and Syed Abdul Siraj. "Framing of Panama Leaks: A Content Analysis of Pakistani and Western Press." Global Regional Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-ii).44.
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This study investigated the emergence of different factors in the framing of Panama leaks by gathering data along with five thematic frames of financial, morality, blame-game, political victimization, and accountability. Altogether 930 news stories were content analyzed to investigate how the issue of Panama leaks was framed in the media since its inception in April 2016. Furthermore, 22 framing items were selected to measure these frames and a principal component analysis resulted in generating a factor solution by clustering of these framing items into eight distinguishable factors of political-econo, governance, justificationssolutions, socio-political responsibility, implications, apathy, responsiveness, and economic instability. This study revealed differences in the use of these factors both in different newspapers and topics of coverage. The Pakistani press used the factor of governance more whereas the western press used the factor of political-econo more as compared to other factors in the framing of Panama leaks.
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Wrobel, Janusz. "Capitalist Aspirations and the Communist Legacy in Poland." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (1992): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199241/28.
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The social mentality of the Poles in the early 1990s reflects a fusion of Solidarity's heritage, understood in a broader, historical perspective, and the communist legacy of the last forty-five years which consists of five principal elements: the new work ethos; acceptance of a protective character of the state; changes in morality; lack of full acceptance of a free market economy; and adaptation of certain communist doctrines of social equality. The contradictions between these new features and historically-grounded, traditional Polish values manifest themselves in a basic conflict between the communist legacy still present in social mentality that expects the benefits offered by the former socialist system, and capitalist aspirations of Poles toward a new, higher, Western standard of living. From the perspective of the Polish historical, cultural, and religious heritage, a Christian political economy appears most suitable for overcoming the country's negative legacy.
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Erne, Jaanika. "Political and Legal Problems Related to Estonian Private Law Reforms Prior to the Formal Statehood Period and during the Early Formal Statehood Period." Nordic Journal of International Law 79, no. 4 (2010): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181010x531322.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to demonstrate some problems related to harmonization of Estonian private law prior to the formal statehood period, and during the early formal statehood period. With regard to Estonian private law developments prior to the formal statehood period it is concluded that such developments are closely connected to a nation's legal consciousness and identity. The Estonian private law developments during the early formal statehood period are characterized through the Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway case that was brought before the Permanent Court of International Justice by the Estonian State against the Lithuanian State in 1937. The facts of this case date back to a legally controversial era after the October Revolution that brought principal changes to Russian private law on what law essentially Estonian private law depended on. Both periods demonstrate that changes to private law are not only technical, but closely related to a variety of categories beginning with an inner sense of morality and ending up with principles of international law.
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Harto, Kasinyo. "MODEL PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS LIVING VALUES EDUCATION (LVE)." Tadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 4, no. 1 (July 2, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/tadrib.v4i1.1873.
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In fact, the realistic-empirical data shows that the morality and character of the nation is now degraded, thus in itself inviting various calamities and disasters that extend to the social, religious, and political spheres, even in education. The general public indirectly blames educators from elementary to college, as the party most responsible for the deterioration of this nation in its mindset and behavior patterns that are inconsistent with the guidance of the world's citizens who should be cultured and dignified.
Religious education in this case Islamic Education, hereinafter referred to as PAI, should be the basis of morality. But today it seems to have been seen as having lost its vital role in the effort to form the character of the nation's child morality. This is due to the fact that PAI learning practices have only been concerned only with cognitive aspects and ignored the fostering of affective aspects, namely the willingness and determination to practice the values of religious teachings. This imbalance results in a gap between knowledge and experience, between theory and practice, or in the practice of religious education transformed into religious teaching, thus unable to form moral persons. As an effort of ijtihad to restore the essence, function and strategic role of learning of PAI in the formation of morals of the nation of this research is done with the principal of research problem, that is through improvement and development of PAI quality learning model for character formation of learners by using Living Values Education paradigm.
The purpose of this research is to design and formulate the learning model of PAI based on living values education and how to implement it in learning process of PAI. Then, this research includes library research, therefore the steps that will be carried out is the exploration of some data from various literatures, both primary data, and secondary data. The method of collecting data is done by collecting books, articles, journals, scientific opinion in which to reveal and study living values education, then look for writing about the learning of Islamic religious education. The data analysis technique using descriptive-analytic method. The data have been analyzed and then presented with deductive methods that depart from general theory to lead to the conclusion which is the answer of the research problem formulation.
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Widyanto, I. Putu. "Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Hindu Melalui Pengelolaan Pembelajaran." Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 6, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v6i1.1151.
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<p><em>Hindu Education Institution is one of Education Institution which has responsibility in establishing and improving Hindu’s Human Resource quality to obtain competitiveness in facing globalization challenge. In the process of Hindu Education learning, still widely found the educator using Teacher-Centered Learning Approach which is makes students less actively involved in the learning process. This research aims to generate a synthesis concerning Hindu Education Learning management which can accomplish the qualification of graduate abilities which has been determined by the government. The study uses a qualitative research approach to the type of library research. The existence of Hindu education, in it’s role of engender the young Hindu generation who is ready to deal with global challenge, should be able to organize the process of debriefing with presenting education which integrate intellectuality, creativity, spirituality, and morality in its education system, and refer to the Hindu value with applying the Student-Centered Learning approach alongside learning management principal.</em></p>
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Petrenko, Victor, Olga Mitina, and Marina Papovyan. "Perception of Foreign and National Political Leaders in Russia." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10060103.
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The present study aimed to determine the composition of factors that underlie the images of foreign and domestic political leaders among Russian youth and therefore play a major role in shaping social representations. The research was conducted within the theoretical and methodological framework of the psychosemantic approach, which seeks to reconstruct systems of meanings, both individual and collective, through the investigation of implicit as well as explicit categories of perception. The study comprised two stages, in which participants were administered a psychosemantic questionnaire to evaluate political leaders according to some professional and personal characteristics. The first part was conducted in 2015–2016 with a student sample (n = 147) using a set of political leaders from various countries. In the second part, carried out in 2017–2018, the participants (n = 200) also filled out a questionnaire, this time evaluating modern Russian leaders. A principal component analysis was performed on each of the data sets, revealing that two categories—namely, morality and professional characteristics—are present in both factor structures, whereas other factors are different. Several important theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Stojkovic, Irena, and Jovan Miric. "Construction of a religious motivation questionnaire." Psihologija 45, no. 2 (2012): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1202155s.
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The paper describes the construction of a new religious motivation questionnaire. The construction was proceeded by an analysis which revealed that the existing instruments for assessing religious motivation have deficiencies and, most importantly, may not be suitable for use with persons in adolescence or younger. In the first phase of the questionnaire construction, a semi-structured interview was used on a sample of 111 respondents aged 10-25 from Belgrade. The interview findings suggested the presence of religious motivation dimensions which are not contained in the existing instruments. In the second phase, an initial pool of items, formulated based on interview answers, was administered to a sample of 354 secondary school and university students from Belgrade. Principal component analysis revealed five dimensions of religious motivation measured by the constructed questionnaire: religion as ultimate value; religion as a means of wish-fulfillment; religion as a source of emotional well-being; ideals and morality; religion as a part of tradition; and tendency to meet social expectations regarding religion. The questionnaire scales show excellent reliability.
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Kautz, Steven. "The Postmodern Self and The Politics of Liberal Education." Social Philosophy and Policy 13, no. 1 (1996): 164–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001564.
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Richard Rorty is one of the principal architects of a new way of thinking about liberalism. He calls his way “liberal ironism”: it is a postmodern liberalism, without Enlightenment rationalism, without the hopeless and finally enervating aspiration to discover an a historical philosophical foundation (“natural rights”) for liberal principles and practices. The postmodern liberal ironist, unlike the classical liberal rationalist, “faces up to the contingency of his or her own most central beliefs and desires,” says Rorty, including the characteristic liberal belief that “cruelty is the worst thing we do.” Such postmodern liberals frankly admit the apparently unhappy consequence of that essential “contingency,” that “there is no neutral, noncircular way to defend” liberal ways, no good argument to deploy against “Nazi and Marxist enemies of liberalism”; but no such argument is needed, says Rorty, since loyalty to one's own community is morality enough, even where that loyalty is without foundation. Here, I begin with a few words about Rorty's postmodern liberalism, as preface to a discussion of the effects of postmodern doctrines on liberal moral psychology.
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Perry, Michael J. "Neutral Politics?" Review of Politics 51, no. 4 (1989): 479–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500016521.
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What is the proper relation of religious moralities—and of moralities generally— to politics, especially to the politics of a society as religiously and morally pluralistic as our own. May a person rely on her religious-moral beliefs in making political choices? In deliberating about political choices with persons who do not share — who may even reject — her religious-moral beliefs? In defending her political choices to such persons? In this article, which is mainly critical rather than constructive, I indicate some basic respects in which the principal contemporary liberal responses to the question of the proper relation of morality to politics are deeply problematic.1 Elsewhere in the work of which this article is a part, my effort is mainly constructive: I elaborate and defend a postliberal conception of the proper relation of moral beliefs, especially religious-moral beliefs, to the politics of a pluralistic society like our own; in particular, I elaborate and defend a conception of the proper relation of religious communities to the religiously and morally pluralistic political community of which they are a part.2
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Izdebski, Zbigniew, Krzysztof Wąż, Anna Kowalewska, and Joanna Mazur. "Psychosocial determinants of sexual norms and their impact on sexual debut in Polish adolescents." International Journal of Public Health 65, no. 8 (September 2, 2020): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01470-8.
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Abstract Objectives In an attempt to describe composite scales relating to sexual norms, we present their structure, psychosocial determinants, and the association with adolescent sexual initiation. Methods A representative sample of Polish students was surveyed in 2015 (n = 1024, mean age 17.8 ± 0.31). Three scales of sexual norms were identified using principal component analysis. Logistic regression and path models were applied. Results The scales concerning stereotype gender norms, as well as restrictive and permissive sexual norms, were developed. Restrictive norms lead to later sexual initiation and were more frequent in combination with love for the first partner. The variability of all the indices was significantly correlated with the peer environment. A number of direct and indirect paths were found among the above indices, family relationships (support, communication), and socio-emotional strengths, such as the meaning of life, coherence, and self-esteem. Conclusions The norms of sexual morality should be included in the analysis of the determinants of adolescent sexual behaviours along with an investigation of complex causal models. The results may contribute to improvement in sexual health promotion.
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Markova, I. O. "The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner by James Hogg. An English gothic novel in the context of moral philosophy." Voprosy literatury, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-5-282-297.
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The article is concerned with the unique ethical and aesthetic features of gothic fiction between the 18th and 19th centuries, and its representation in James Hogg’s novel The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner. Lofty ideals in the novels by A. Radcliff, M. G. Lewis, and C. Maturin often showed strong ties with moral philosophy (its concepts of benevolence, sin as the opposite of freedom, and sense and sensibility as the sources of virtue), permeating 18th-century discussions about morality along with reflections on the elevated and the picturesque. On the artistic plane of the gothic novel, these ideas create two principal oppositions, corresponding to ethical and aesthetic levels: ‘the natural and the unnatural’, and ‘freedom and non-freedom’. They are also present in Hogg’s novel, although represented in a different way. While the ‘natural/unnatural’ dichotomy is mostly a matter of changing the angle for the story’s perception (so that the reader might follow the events from the viewpoint of the pursuer rather than the pursued), though not without interesting aesthetic derivatives, the ‘freedom/non-freedom’ opposition marks a more modern aesthetical transition from the outside world to a fictional one.
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Fuad, Ahmad Nur, A. Arbaiyah, Syafiq Mughni, and Achmad Jainuri. "Islam and Human Rights in Indonesia: An Account of Muslim Intellectuals’ Views." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 45, no. 2 (December 28, 2007): 241–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2007.452.241-287.
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The issue of Islam and human rights has become important issue in Indonesia at least since the last two decades. Indonesian Muslims have developed two different approaches to human rights: in complete agreement with the declaration of universal human rights; and in resistance to that declaration and developing understanding that Islam encompasses human rights values. The article argues for its part that human rights are not absolutely universal, because they are based chiefly on Western values, structures, ethics and morality. For that, it is reasonable to question their universality. The present article focuses on how Indonesian Muslim intellectuals conceive of human rights and Islamic values as they perceive the two. Specifically, it focuses on four principal issues in human rights discourse: freedom of opinion, religious freedoms, rights of women, and criminal law. The authors reveal in the conclusion that although some Indonesian Muslim intellectuals admit that universal human rights are truly universal, they still see differences in certain cases, due to differences in socio-cultural background. They have tried to affect a synthesis between the universality and particularity of both Islamic and universal human rights in order to make both fit within the Indonesian context.
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Divayana, Dewa Gede Hendra, I. Putu Wisna Ariawan, and Agus Adiarta. "Development of Countenance Application Oriented on Combining ANEKA-Tri Hita Karana as A Mobile Web to Evaluate the Computer Knowledge and Morality." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 12 (December 18, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i12.10858.
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The principal objective of this study was to introduce the existence on development of <em>Countenance</em> evaluation application that can be used to evaluate the moral and quality of students’ computer knowledge by using evaluation indicators which oriented to combining between <em>ANEKA</em> values with the <em>Tri Hita Karana</em> concept. This research was developed by using the <em>Borg</em> & <em>Gall</em> method, which focuses on the stages of creating a mobile web-based evaluation application, field trial stage, and revision stage of field trial results. The subjects involved in creating the application as much as three peoples, subjects involved in the field trial as much as 94 peoples, and subjects involved in the revision of field trial as much as three peoples. The instruments that were used in conducting the assessment on the field trial was in questionnaires form. The technique that was used to analyze the collected data from field trials results using quantitative descriptive techniques by determining the average of percentage from application quality that was compared to a standard score of application quality that refers to eleven’s scale. The study results showed that the quality of the evaluation application belongs to a very good category, so it was ready to be implemented, and it is no need to be done the major revision.
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Gapari, Muhamad Zaril. "Implementasi Manajemen Pendidikan Akhlak di Mandrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Lombok Timur." MANAZHIM 1, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/manazhim.v1i1.176.
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Student moral decline, it takes a serious effort from the school to anticipate various forms of student delinquency in school. One way that can be taken is to build students' morals so that they are noble, responsible, strong, and honest personalities, and form strong characters in their lives, especially morals in the form of morality. Efforts to form good morals in students, systematic arrangements are needed, such as teaching management or the learning process. Through the learning process, schools need to pay attention to the development and improvement of mentality in students. Thus, a special management is needed that is developed by the school to improve students' moral quality. For this reason, integrated steps are needed from various parties, both schools, teachers, students, student organizations, and the participation of parents. Based on the description above, this study intends to find out how the implementation program of moral education in students in the context of moral education management applied by East Lombok State Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) 1 is a preventive / repressive effort in dealing with the usual forms of student / teenage delinquency in school and also included outside of school because the most important is also in overcoming the delinquency process. This study uses a qualitative approach. The research subjects were principals, teachers, employees, students, parents of students. While the research informants were principals, teachers, school committees, parents, community leaders, students. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validity technique uses an extension of participation, persistence of observation, triangulation (methods and sources). Data analysis techniques using interactive models consist of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results showed that 1) Implementation of management of moral education in students of MAN 1 East Lombok: a) carried out through intraculicular, extracurricular and habituation activities. The implementation of management runs in a structured, integrated and normative manner based on Islamic values, as well as by example. b) The principal in MAN 1 East Lombok has carried out management functions namely planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, monitoring and evaluating.
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Tu, Yu, Benhong Peng, Ehsan Elahi, and Weiku Wu. "Initiator or Intermediary? A Case Study on Network Relation of Environmental Regulatory Capture in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249152.
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Behind the environmental regulatory capture (ERC) lies a complex network of interactions and interests. Identifying the roles of stakeholders in the ERC network and their behavioral motives can illuminate the mechanism of ERC incidents, and provide policy recommendations for reducing other types of regulatory capture. Drawing on the regulatory capture and principal-agent theories, this study develops a triple-layer principal-agent model of environmental regulation practices in China. We further conduct a social network analysis (SNA) on the ERC case in the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) of Bobai County, Guangxi Province, China to illustrate the hidden interactions and interest transmission structure among stakeholders in ERC. The results show that the ERC presents obvious characteristics of concealment and complexity, and individual capture often evolves into collective capture. Different stakeholders are in different positions and play different roles in the network. The environmental regulatory authority, the commissioned regulatory agency, and the agency of enterprises form the core power circle of the ERC network, in which the first two play the role of intermediary and the latter acts as an initiator. They together occupy the structural hole position and dominate the evolution of the ERC network. Peripheral structure stakeholders play the role of “bridge” and profit from the expanding ERC network. It is recommended that the principle of decentralization and the balance of power must be taken into consideration. Quantitative analysis methods such as SNA should be applied to clarify accountability when punishing responsible persons. More subjects are also encouraged to participate in environmental regulations and report illegal acts actively. Finally, a blacklist system should be established in the field of environmental protection for regulating the professional and social morality of all parties.
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Yasin, M. I., and O. L. Tarnopolskaya. "The study of Muslims’ religious motivation." Minbar. Islamic Studies 13, no. 2 (July 5, 2020): 456–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-2-456-475.
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The article focuses on the specifi cs of Muslims’ motivation, determined by the method of Stojković I. and Mirić J. We consider the motivation to be a psychological state directing the psychological process into a certain course and realized in activities. The study was based on an opinion-poll of 90 people from Almaty, Ufa, Kazan and Moscow. The study has proven that Muslims with high internal motivation for faith also display high social motivation for religion. Internal motivation is closely related to the concept of Islam as a source of emotional well-being, ideals and morality. Muslims’ perception of Islam highly correlates with the values of traditionalism. It appears that women preferably emphasize the role of Islam in preserving the traditions of the family and people in accordance to the same of men. Religion is partly considered by Muslims as means of fulfi lling desires, but this parameter is not the principal one. Perceiving religion as means of fulfi lling desires connects to the respondents’ understanding Islam itself as a way of maintaining traditionalism, the continuity of the family legacy and ethnic community. The results of the study make it possible to highlight the abovementioned confessionally-caused features of motivation among Muslims.
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Alexander, Larry. "WHAT ARE CONSTITUTIONS, AND WHAT SHOULD (AND CAN) THEY DO?" Social Philosophy and Policy 28, no. 1 (November 30, 2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052510000038.
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AbstractA constitution is, as Article VI of the United States Constitution declares, the fundamental law of the land, supreme as a legal matter over any other nonconstitutional law. But that almost banal statement raises a number of theoretically vexed issues. What is law? How is constitutional law to be distinguished from nonconstitutional law? How do morality and moral rights fit into the picture? And what are the implications of the answers to these questions for such questions as how and by whom should constitutions be interpreted? These are the issues that I shall address.Alexander proceeds as follows: In section I he takes up law's principal function of settling controversies over what we are morally obligated to do. In section II he then relate law's settlement function to the role of constitutional law. In particular, he discusses how constitutional law is distinguished from ordinary law, and he also discusses the role of constitutions in establishing basic governmental structures and enforcing certain moral rights. In section III he addresses the topic of constitutional interpretation, and in section IV the topic of judicial review. Finally, in section V, he discusses constitutional change, both change that occurs through a constitution's own rules for amendments and change that is the product of constitutional misinterpretations and revolutions.
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Blum, Ann S. "Speaking of Work and Family: Reciprocity, Child Labor, and Social Reproduction, Mexico City, 1920 – 1940." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 63–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-087.
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Abstract The belief that children should earn their keep is one of the most significant differences between past and present concepts of childhood. This article examines child labor in Mexico City during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of rapid change in ideas about children’s economic and social roles. In the decades following Mexico’s revolution, activists in Mexico’s child health and protection movement condemned child labor on the grounds that it harmed young workers and led to crime, while a new slate of laws forbade child labor and restricted the kinds of work that adolescents could perform. In contrast, working-class children and adolescents and their parents saw work as integral to family relations. These conflicting views collided in the arena of the juvenile court, one of the principal institutions to emerge from the broad reform agenda focused on children and youth. Yet, while court founders and officials associated child labor with immorality and family dysfunction, the court also provided a forum for working-class children and parents to argue for a different version of family morality founded on long-standing legal definitions of reciprocal obligations of support. Their accounts of children’s economic contributions to family subsistence also shed light on the power dynamics entangled in family relationships founded on work. The encounters between court officials and clients illuminate the tensions between state goals and established practices of social reproduction during a profound transition in social views of childhood, the family, and work.
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Miocinovic, Ljiljana. "Moral education: School as a just community." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja, no. 35 (2003): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0335195m.
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The paper discusses Kohlberg?s view of moral education, how it was developing and changing over time. Starting from a theoretical postulate that thinking constitutes the essence of morality and from empirical findings of the stage development of moral judgment, in his early works Kohlberg defines moral education as "encouraging the natural course of moral judgment development". As a principal method of work, Kohlberg recommends the encouragement of a cognitive conflict by means of discussing hypothetic moral dilemmas. Criticisms that he is over-intellectualizing moral education, getting acquainted with a collective upbringing in kibbutz's, active participation in work in schools and prisons and finding that moral judgment and acting in everyday life is a response to the prevailing moral atmosphere of a group are leading to the changes in moral education goals and development of a new approach known as "just community". Now a group is in the focus of moral education, not an individual any longer, the major area of studies being group norms and expectations. The "just community" approach does not remain only at the classroom level discussing hypothetical moral dilemmas but directly influences the structure of school justice i.e. its rules and discipline, processes they are passed as well as the rights and duties of both teachers and students. Its goal is no longer to develop moral judgment of an individual student but to develop a group as moral community founded upon the norms of trust, participation and collective responsibility.
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Zadroga, Adam. "Professional Ethics of Social Entrepreneurs: The Perspective of Christian Personalist Ethics." Verbum Vitae 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.11462.
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The aim of the article is to indicate and describe the normative assumptions of the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs. The innovative nature of the proposed concept consists in taking into consideration the perspective of Christian personalist ethics. It is a theory of morality which includes considerations for the biblical and theological view of man, emphasizing above all their personal dignity. Referring to the principal axioms of this ethical doctrine allows for a presentation of a proposal of ethical principles and moral virtues – adequate to the mission, tasks, and vocation of social entrepreneurs. The article discusses the following issues: the essence of Christian personalist ethics, the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs, the motivation and vocation of social entrepreneurs, ethical aspects of leadership in social enterprises, as well as the ethical principles and moral virtues of social entrepreneurs. A methodology characteristic of normative philosophical ethics and moral theology was applied. The results of the analysis of the methodically selected literature on the subject were processed by means of conceptual work, which allowed us to describe the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs from the point of view of Christian personalist ethics. Christian personalist ethics makes a valuable and original contribution to the description of the normative determinants of social entrepreneurship. The analysis of the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs shows that they create social structures and processes that affirm the dignity of marginalized people and restore their capacity to participate in social and economic life.
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Sari, Diana. "Tasawuf Aa Gym: Studi Pesan Dakwah KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar." Panangkaran: Jurnal Penelitian Agama dan Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/panangkaran.2019.0302-06.
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The rise of Sufism shows a new existence in Indonesia. Sufism is not only understood as Sufi teachings and traditional institutions (tarekat). A new passion in Sufism in Indonesia has been seen in cities and among the middle classes. Howell’s research shows the rise of Sufism promoted in two ways (1) ‘Ulamas who come from traditional Islamic education and taught their followers in formal education classes and (2) Television preachers who create their programs and regulate and dramatize it in for the television viewers. New nuances by grounding Sufistic values are also carried out by the KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar who connects his spiritual experience with the world of Sufism, including preaching messages that refer to the teachings of Sufism. This research is a qualitative-field research. The primary source in this study is the da’wah message of KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar. Secondary sources refer to religious studies written in Abdullah Gymnastiar’s social media, book literature, journals/articles, or previous studies. This study uses descriptive analysis to read the da’wah message KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar in his lectures and studies. If placed in the development of the history of Sufism, seen from the character of its religious assembly, Aa Gym is included in the category of contemporary Sufism. However, when viewed from the contents of the principal teachings of moral values, related to the material of da’wah, the message expresed by Aa Gym is the teachings of moral science (ilmu Akhlaq). Broadly speaking, the message of da’wah is not classified as Sufism but religious spirituality which is moral because it contains moral teachings as a reform of morality that synergizes the values of physical and spiritual potential.[The rise of Sufism shows a new existence in Indonesia. Sufism is not only understood as Sufi teachings and traditional institutions (tarekat). A new passion in Sufism in Indonesia has been seen in cities and among the middle classes. Howell’s research shows the rise of Sufism promoted in two ways (1) ‘Ulamas who come from traditional Islamic education and taught their followers in formal education classes and (2) Television preachers who create their programs and regulate and dramatize it in for the television viewers. New nuances by grounding Sufistic values are also carried out by the KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar who connects his spiritual experience with the world of Sufism, including preaching messages that refer to the teachings of Sufism. This research is a qualitative-field research. The primary source in this study is the da’wah message of KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar. Secondary sources refer to religious studies written in Abdullah Gymnastiar’s social media, book literature, journals/articles, or previous studies. This study uses descriptive analysis to read the da’wah message KH. Abdullah Gymnastiar in his lectures and studies. If placed in the development of the history of Sufism, seen from the character of its religious assembly, Aa Gym is included in the category of contemporary Sufism. However, when viewed from the contents of the principal teachings of moral values, related to the material of da’wah, the message expresed by Aa Gym is the teachings of moral science (ilmu Akhlaq). Broadly speaking, the message of da’wah is not classified as Sufism but religious spirituality which is moral because it contains moral teachings as a reform of morality that synergizes the values of physical and spiritual potential.]
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Novita, Ita. "Manajemen Pembelajaran Program Diniyah Di SDIT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh." DAYAH: Journal of Islamic Education 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jie.v2i1.4166.
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The effective and efficient of Diniyyah Learning Management Program is one of the supporting factors to achieve the learning objectives of diniyah program to produce a generation that is able to read al-Quran and has a true Aqidah and morality. The purpose of this research is to know the planning, implementation and evaluation of learning diniyyah program at SDIT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection technique is done through interview, observation and documentation. The subjects of this research are principal, head of diniyah program and teachers of diniyah at SDIT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh. The results showed that: 1) the learning plan of diniyah program prepared by diniyyah teachers is still many deficiencies, the teachers only prepare the material and the learning method. The Learning Implementation Plan is not written. 2) the Implementation of diniyah learning program implemented in SDIT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh has been done systematically and used various learning methods, so as to create a conducive and fun learning atmosphere; but in the use of learning media, many teachers only use the media in the classroom as learning, without presenting a variety of learning media. 3) the evaluation of diniyah teachers in SDIT Nurul Ishlah has been done systematically by evaluating the process and evaluating the learning outcomes at the end of each semester. The evaluation is done in the form of written test and practice test, and attitude evaluation through observation, and finally the evaluation results are given to each student in the form of a learning result report.
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Macleod, Colin M. "The Market, Preferences, and Equality." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002587.
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The perfectly competitive market of economic theory often enters political philosophy because it can be represented as illuminating important values. Theorists who are enthusiastic about the heuristic potential of the market claim that we can learn much about individual liberty, the promotion of mutual advantage and efficiency in the distribution of goods by studying it. However, a principal limitation of the market for many theorists is its supposed insensitivity to the demands of egalitarian justice. According to the standard charge, markets—even idealised ones—are hostile to the achievement and maintenance of an equitable distribution of resources. It is striking, then, that a leading exponent of egalitarian justice like Ronald Dworkin should argue that there are very deep and systematic links between equality and the market. He contends that, contrary to the received view, “the best theory of equality supposes some actual or hypothetical market in justifying a particular distribution of goods and opportunities.” Moreover, the articulation of Dworkin’s influential egalitarian account of liberal political morality depends on acceptance of the market as an ally of equality. Thus Dworkin claims not only that the market plays a crucial role in the elaboration of a doctrine of distributive justice but also that it illuminates the distinctively liberal commitments to the protection of extensive individual liberty and to the requirement that the state must be neutral between different conceptions of the good. The aim of this paper is to raise some doubts about the soundness of one of the fundamental onnections Dworkin draws between the market and distributive justice.
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Charest, Nelson. "Laforgue, Hamlet et Bonnefoy : déporter, reporter Montevideo." Études littéraires 47, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1045748ar.
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Résumé Cette étude porte sur la réécriture de « Hamlet » par Laforgue, dans ses Moralités légendaires. À partir d’une indication sur un « pavillon de Montevideo », aperçu par Laforgue à Hambourg, au retour du Danemark, nous situons sa fable dans le sillage de la critique d’Yves Bonnefoy, et notamment la notion de « readiness ». Nous proposons ensuite une relecture de la Moralité, où le personnage principal, avec les modifications que lui apporte Laforgue, représente au mieux une injonction à partir qui est vécue comme un retour aux origines, filiales notamment. Ainsi peut-on mieux comprendre le rôle de Montevideo dans l’oeuvre laforguienne : un lieu où on pourrait partir, maintenu à distance, comme horizon.
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Halpin, Andrew. "The Province of Jurisprudence Contested." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 23, no. 2 (July 2010): 515–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005026.
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Allan Hutchinson’s recent book, The Province of Jurisprudence Democratized, is regarded as presenting the opportunity for considering what is involved in seeking to establish the province of jurisprudence as a distinctive field of inquiry. The scale of Hutchinson’s ambition matches John Austin’s original efforts to determine the Province of Jurisprudence, but seeks to replace an analytical approach to jurisprudence he associates with Austin by a theoretical approach committed to advancing “strong” democracy. This provokes an initial reflection on the nature of theoretical disageement, and in particular disagreement which goes beyond trivial theoretical contestability so as to contest the nature of the subject matter that is being investigated by establishing an appropriate field of inquiry for it. Three different techniques are introduced which are capable of demarcating the subject matter of jurisprudence through establishing a field of inquiry favouring a particular theoretical viewpoint: axiomatic disengagement, ambitious insight, and a split field of inquiry.Hutchinson’s principal concern with the democratization of law, legal theory, and the province of jurisprudence is examined in detail. The process of democratization and its anti-elitist character is traced through Hutchinson’s opposition to the aloof philosophical analysis of the universal in favour of an engagement with local and particular issues. However, the weight Hutchinson places on his conception of strong democracy, so as to provide a different understanding of the the law-power nexus and of the relationship between law and morality operating in strong democracies, is shown to be misplaced. Two related failings are pointed out. First, there is a failure to recognize competing groupings within the people, which contradict the uniform collective body Hutchinson associates with those formerly governed by elites and then constituting those liberated to exercise self-governance. Secondly, this links into Hutchinson’s exclusive preoccupation with the participatory axis of democracy – which he regards as the core feature of strong democracy, and at the same time the basis for the law-power nexus and the law-morality relationship within a strong democracy. This is revealed as an inadequate and impoverished understanding of democracy once the presence of competing groupings within the people is acknowledged. Hutchinson’s one-dimensional representation of democracy along a participatory-representational continuum is rejected for failing to recognize a distinct fiduciary-beneficiary axis, which a richer understanding of “for the people” conveys. These corrections have important consequences for a role for law that cannot be reduced solely to politics, and for a broader sweep to analytical jurisprudence than Hutchinson allows.Hutchinson’s own efforts to capture the province of jurisprudence are then assessed. These are recharacterized as seeking to establish within a split field of inquiry a theory of strong democratic law, but, in the absence of a convincing account of the nature of democracy and its relationship with law, the project is judged to be unfulfilled.
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Riyaz, Aamir. "Buddhist ethics of Pancha Shila: A Solution to the Present Day and Future Problems." Idea. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych 30, no. 1 (2018): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/idea.2018.30.1.16.
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Most of the religions of the world are based on some fundamental moral principles of good conduct/virtues and prohibits its followers to do anything which is not good for the welfare of the society as a whole. This fundamental moral principal of good conduct, in Buddhism, is known as Pancha Shila (Five Precepts or Five Virtues). Pancha Shila is the basic assumption of moral activities for both households as well as for renunciates. It forms the actual practice of morality. Each time the precepts are upheld, the moral volitions are strengthened, until morality becomes a habitualtrait through the condition of repetition. For the smooth functioning of a society, every Buddhist has to follow the five moral precepts i.e. abstaining from killing, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from sexual misconduct, abstaining from falsehood, abstaining from taking intoxicants. Jainism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam too accept such ethical codes with little modification. These are called cardinal virtues. Jaina concept of Pancha Mahavrata is very close to Buddhist concept of Pancha Shila. In Jainism these are; Ahimsa (Abstinence from all injury to life), Satyam (Abstinence from falsehood), Asteyam (Abstinence from stealing), Brahmacharyam (abstinence from self indulgence), Aparigraha (Abstinence from all attachment). Mahatma Gandhi too accepted these five cardinal virtues given by Jainism but he added two more in it which are; Fearlessness and Faith in God. The five precepts of Buddhism offers the moral conducts following which everyone can avoid evil deeds and can contribute in making this world a better world for present and future generations. The precept of abstaining from killing leads to the respect for other’s life. The precept of abstaining from stealing leads to the respect for other’s property. The precept of abstaining from sexual misconduct leads to the respect for one’s own dignity and dignity of other’s especially women. The precept of abstaining from falsehood leads to the respect for honesty. The precept of abstaining from taking alcohol leads to innumerable number of good qualities like respect for a clear mind, respect for modesty of other human beings, respect for money, respect for one’s own dignity, respect for other’s life and so on. The five precepts of Buddhism make a person disciplined, which is one of the most important ingredients for the development of overall personality of a person. A developing country cannot become a developed one unless its citizens are disciplined. If we analyze the five precepts given by Buddhism then, we find that the solution for most of world problems lies in it. If everyone follows five precepts then, I think this world will be transformed into a better place, a place where people have respects for other’s life and property, where everybody’s interest will be taken care of, where people will have an altruistic approach towards society. In short, this world can be transformed into a heaven.
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Птащенко, Олена Валеріївна. "РЕЙТИНГУВАННЯ ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 127, no. 5 (March 29, 2019): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.5.11.
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The paper seeks to explore the principal components of labor potential along with suggesting a definition of labor potential as a set of human qualities and abilities affected by interrelated quantitative and qualitative factors resulting from the relationships among material, technical, innovative, socio-cultural and other elements of enterprise economic potential. The key components of labor potential are: education, creativity, health, morality, activity, good organization, professionalism, timing (the ability of rational use of working time). From the labor market perspective, special attention should be paid to the latest technologies in the area of education, evolution of education marketing and the implementation of educational programs aimed at building new skills and competencies by the working-age population of Ukraine. Apparently, it is argued that the current stage of education services market development with ongoing implementation of advanced technology translates into its gradual transformation and becoming an evolving and promising sector of the economy which from year to year increases the scope of demand and supply for educational services. Globalization and integration challenges encourage modern businesses to focus on offering new soft skills to their employees. Thus, the issues of enhancing the social activity effectiveness are gaining more and more relevance in particular the context of intensification of social reproduction, contributing to building a solid background for a new innovative model of sustainable economic development which makes the human participation effectiveness critical for the production process. The enterprise labor potential in modern realia of intensified globalization is becoming an integral part of its competitiveness increase while entering the world market and planning the launch of the latest technological processes and high-tech products.