Academic literature on the topic 'Principe de contradictoire'

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Journal articles on the topic "Principe de contradictoire"

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Ferrand, Frédérique. "Le principe contradictoire et l'expertise en droit comparé européen." Revue internationale de droit comparé 52, no. 2 (2000): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2000.18099.

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Blanc, Mafalda de Faria. "A Leitura Hegeliana de Espinoza e de Leibniz." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 4, no. 8 (1996): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica19964825.

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La lecture hégélienne des philosophies de Spinoza et de Leibniz est présentée par l’analyse comparative des textes de l'"Anotation" de la Science de la Logique et des Leçons sur l'Histoire de la Philosophie. On conclut que les contextes et les dates différentes des deux textes ne changent pas le fond de l’interprétation hégélienne des deux cartésiens, laquelle mesure par rapport à sa propre conception de l'Absolu ces deux philosophies, comprenant leur principe - unilatéral et contradictoire - de la totalité (Spinoza) et de l'individualité (Leibniz) comme un moment indispensable, mais dépassé, de l'auto-conception de l'Idée.
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Martouzet, Denis. "La complexité aux limites de la rationalité. Proposition de définition de la structure de base de la complexité du couple actions-attitudes par la critique du principe du tiers-exclu." Articles hors thème 11, no. 1 (2016): 377–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035942ar.

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Cet article vise la définition d’une structure de base de la complexité dans le couple attitude cognitive/action par la remise en cause du principe de tiers exclu. Prenant pour point de départ la volonté humaine, il est montré que, celle-ci faisant preuve de faiblesse (akrasie aristotélicienne et objectifs que l’on se fixe relevant des effets essentiellement secondaires de Jon Elster), la personne met en oeuvre des stratégies d’autocontrainte (comme l’engagement) irrationnelles mais efficaces. Leur efficacité découle de la capacité humaine à être de mauvaise foi, au sens sartrien du terme : une mauvaise foi en toute bonne foi. La structure de cette mauvaise foi est fondée sur le résultat de la coprésence contradictoire entre croyances incompatibles et, même, leur renforcement réciproque, malgré le fait que se forcer à croire est un exemple d’effet essentiellement secondaire, soit un objectif que l’on ne peut vouloir. C’est le mécanisme de cette contradiction qui est décrit, remettant en cause ce principe du tiers exclu. Le résultat de ce mécanisme peut être pensé comme la « brique élémentaire » de la complexité humaine.
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Bernigaud, Sylvie. "Le silence et le procès civil." Les Cahiers de droit 56, no. 3-4 (2015): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034452ar.

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Qu’il soit ou non le reflet d’une stratégie procédurale, le silence est valorisé lorsqu’il s’inscrit dans une optique respectueuse des droits de la défense et du principe du contradictoire. Le Code de procédure civile lui attribue une valeur fonctionnelle qui dépend à la fois de la maîtrise des parties sur le déroulement du procès et de la responsabilité du juge en matière juridictionnelle, concernant la régulation de l’instance. Accepté, toléré ou réprouvé, le silence n’est pas un, mais s’exprime de différentes manières dans le cadre du procès civil, ce qui rend aléatoire toute tentative d’intégration dans telle ou telle catégorie juridique. Il n’est pas pour autant l’expression d’une quelconque anarchie procédurale, la loi encadrant ses différentes manifestations et les effets juridiques qu’elles produisent.
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TEIXEIRA E CASTRO, Cecília. "A IMPLICAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO DO CONTRADITÓRIO NO INCIDENTE DA DESCONSIDERAÇÃO DA PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA." Revista Eletrônica da Faculdade de Direito de Franca 14, no. 2 (2019): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21207/1983.4225.607.

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Christensen, Tom, and Per Lægreid. "Les principes contradictoires de l'organisation des agences : la réorganisation d'une réforme." Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives 78, no. 4 (2012): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/risa.784.0621.

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Irawan, Dedy Setyo, and Harvini Wulansari. "Pengukuran Pihak Ketiga Pasca Asas Contradictoire Delimitatie di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan Pasuruan." Tunas Agraria 3, no. 2 (2020): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jta.v3i2.107.

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Abstract: Complete Systematic Land Registration is a program which taken by the government in providing legal certainty in the field of land in Indonesia. PTSL activities at Sidoarjo Regency and Pasuruan Regency Land Office are carried out with third parties. Before starting the measurement, it is necessary to carry out the contradictoire delimitatie principle to ensure legal certainty of ownership of land rights. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data analysis carried out by compiling logically proportional statements to answer research questions. Problem analysis is carried out by making a description based on premier data and secondary data obtained through interviews and observations of implementation. The results of the research showed that the implementation of the contradictoire delimitatie principle is broadly following PP. No. 24 of 1997 and PMNA KaBPN No. 3 of 1997. The results of the study also showed that there were obstacles in the implementation of the contradictoire delimitatie principle, such as the third parties were not following technical guidelines No. 01 / JUKNIS-300/1/2018 annex 10 in the making of measurement drawings. Quality control is needed to improve the quality of work and results of third party products and minimize land problems in the future.Keywords: principle of contradictoire delimitation, third party. Intisari : Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan langkah pemerintah dalam memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dalam bidang pertanahan di Indonesia. Kegiatan PTSL di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan Kabupaten Pasuruan dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan Pihak Ketiga yang sebelumnya melalui tahapan asas contradictoire delimitatie untuk menjamin kepastian hukum kepemilikan hak atas tanah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik analisa yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menyusun pernyataan-pernyataan proposional secara logis untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Analisa permasalahan dilakukan dengan membuat uraian berdasarkan data premier dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara serta observasi langsung terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan asas contradictoire delimitatie secara garis besar telah sesuai dengan PP. No. 24 Tahun 1997 dan PMNA KaBPN No. 3 Tahun 1997. Dalam pelaksanaanya terdapat hambatan yakni pembuatan Gambar Ukur oleh Pihak Ketiga tidak sesuai dengan pedoman JUKNIS No. 01/JUKNIS-300/1/2018 lampiran 10. Sehingga diperlukan pengawasan kendali mutu terkait pekerjaan dan hasil produk dari Pihak Ketiga agar kedepannya hasil pekerjaan yang dihasilkan lebih baik dan tidak menjadi permasalahan pertanahan dikemudian hari.Kata Kunci : asas contradictoire delimitatie, pihak ketiga.
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Barraband, Mathilde, and Julien Bougie. "Un projet contrarié. L’histoire de la littérature contemporaine française au tournant du xxe siècle1." Tangence, no. 102 (February 10, 2014): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022656ar.

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Au tournant du xxe siècle, alors que l’histoire littéraire se transforme profondément et s’essaie à de nouvelles approches, alors que s’opposent des visions contradictoires de la fonction de la critique littéraire et que le lectorat s’élargit et se diversifie, il semble qu’un goût pour le contemporain s’affirme de manière relativement consensuelle au sein de la discipline. Le consensus est d’autant plus étonnant que l’ambition d’une histoire du présent est paradoxale et qu’elle contrevient à une certaine idée de l’histoire littéraire comme conservatrice. L’article propose d’observer le sort que les historiens de la littérature du tournant du xxe siècle ont réservé dans leurs histoires à la littérature de leur temps, et de répondre à quelques-unes des interrogations que cette pratique contradictoire soulève. L’observation des pratiques mais aussi des justifications des premiers historiens modernes de la littérature quant à l’étude du contemporain sera ainsi l’occasion de saisir plus largement les préoccupations et les principes de l’histoire littéraire au moment où elle se fonde et s’institue, se faisant alors la chambre d’échos des inquiétudes nationales et identitaires de la France du dernier xixe siècle.
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Bartenstein, Kristin. "L'article XX du GATT : le principe de proportionnalité et la concordance concrète entre le commerce et l'environnement." Les Cahiers de droit 43, no. 4 (2005): 651–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043727ar.

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La problématique « commerce et environnement » a de multiples facettes et l'interprétation de l'article XX b) et g) du General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), qui sert dans cet accord d'interface entre les deux aspects, en est une. La jurisprudence relative à cet article semble désormais lui accorder une valeur équivalente aux dispositions de fond du GATT. Cette évolution très souhaitable démontre que la jurisprudence est enfin prête à donner un poids convenable aux considérations environnementales. Seulement, le problème de concilier les objectifs contradictoires de libéralisation des marchés et de protection de l'environnement persiste. C'est le droit communautaire européen qui livrera un mécanisme d'harmonisation approprié : le principe de concordance concrète. Pour réaliser cette dernière, il est utile de recourir au principe de proportionnalité, bien établi en droit communautaire. Avec ces principes, l'Organe de règlement des différends de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) dispose d'importants outils de réflexion qui lui permettent de bâtir sur une base plus cohérente et plus logique sa jurisprudence pourtant bien amorcée.
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BRAVO SENMACHE, LUIS MARTÍN. "EL DERECHO A PROBAR EN EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SANCIÓN DEL HOSTIGAMIENTO SEXUAL: ¿UNA GARANTÍA RECORTADA?" YachaQ Revista de Derecho, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51343/yq.vi11.363.

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Con base en la teoría general del proceso, la investigación determina que en el Procedimiento de Investigación y Sanción del Hostigamiento Sexual (PISHS)es identificable la estructura del contradictorio, por lo que su naturaleza es la de un proceso. Sin embargo, la revisión del tratamiento normativo que el PISHS ha dedicado al derecho a la prueba de la parte acusada pone en evidencia que, en la estructura de dicho proceso, el contradictorio no ha sido implementado más que parcialmente, dado que su dimensión sustancial (específicamente, el poder de influencia) no ha sido cabalmente asegurada a favor del presunto/a hostigador/a. Dos escenarios se erigen como posible solución al problema: uno a través de la vía de hecho (preferencia del principio del debido proceso) y otro mediante la reforma legislativa del art. 17.2 del reglamento.
 Based on the general theory of the process, the investigation determines that in the Investigation and Sanction Procedure for Sexual Harassment (PISHS) the structure of the contradictory is identifiable, so its nature is that of a process. However, the review of the normative treatment that the PISHS has dedicated to the right to proof of the accused party shows that, in the structure of said process, the contradictory has only been partially implemented, given that its substantial dimension (specifically, the power of influence) has not been fully secured in favor of the alleged harasser. Two scenariosare erected as a possible solution to the problem: one through the facto route (preference for the principle of due process of law) and the other through the legislative reform of the art. 17.2 of the reglament.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principe de contradictoire"

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Gavalda-Moulenat, Christine. "Le principe du contradictoire en procédure pénale." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10017.

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Le principe du contradictoire apparaît avec la première forme de procès dans la Grèce Antique. Il traverse les âges pour devenir un principe transdisciplinaire du droit positif français. Son respect commande que chaque partie au procès soit informée des arguments soumis au juge et soit mise en mesure de les discuter. Sous l'influence de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et de la jurisprudence de la Cour de Strasbourg, il acquiert une dimension supérieure en tant qu'élément du concept plus large de procès équitable. Désormais, il s'impose en matière civile et en matière pénale. La relation entretenue avec la notion de procès équitable a conduit à affirmer l'applicabilité générale du principe du contradictoire au sein du procès pénal français entendu dans son sens large. Néanmoins, certaines incertitudes demeurent. En premier lieu, elles tiennent aux relations entretenues avec des notions voisines que sont les principes des droits de la défense et de l'équilibre des droits des parties. En second lieu, les interactions sus-évoquées laissent persister un certain flou quant à l'application réelle du principe étudié. En conséquence, l'élaboration d'une définition précisant les modalités et les moyens de l'effectivité du principe du contradictoire en procédure pénale permet, par comparaison avec les prescriptions légales et la pratique, de déterminer le degré de l'effectivité du principe étudié en cette matière. Les carences constatées induisent, lorsqu'elles ne sont pas justifiées, la formulation de propositions de réforme du code de procédure pénale.
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Miniato, Lionel. "Le principe du contradictoire en droit processuel." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10027.

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Le principe du contradictoire, parce qu'il permet aux parties de se défendre avant qu'une décision soit rendue contre elles, est le principe essentiel et fédérateur des procédures. Si l'on ne peut guère contester la fondamentalité du contradictoire, une étude des ressorts de cette fondamentalité et de sa mise en pratique n'est pas inutile si l'on veut en révéler les éléments concluants. Loin de dépendre de la place du principe au sommet de la pyramide des normes, la fondamentalité du contradictoire se détermine avant toute "positivation" par sa seule valeur intrinsèque. Elle se trouve ainsi affirmée par toutes les sources du droit, à tous les niveaux de la hiérarchie formelle des normes, et au sein des divers ordres juridiques internes et internationaux. Le principe du contradictoire est un principe fondamental parce qu'il est tout à la fois révélateur de l'existence du procès, indissociable de l'exigence de défense - d'équité - et de vérité, et au fondement de la mise en place de procédures autres que le procès. Il suppose, à travers ses différentes applications, le droit de participer à la procédure, celui d'être informé et de contester au cours de la procédure, et celui de pouvoir bénéficier de nouvelles garanties s'il lui est porté atteinte. L'étude de la mise en oeuvre concrète du principe, qui a servi de base et d'illustration pour savoir ce qui détermine sa fondamentalité, a également permis de constater que la pratique était parfois en deçà ou au-delà des exigences de la fondamentalité. Ces distorsions entre la théorie et la pratique du contradictoire ne remettent pourtant pas en cause ce qui fait son essence, mais nous révèle que ce beau principe, catalyseur du droit et de la justice, est nécessairement soumis aux contingences de l'ordre positif<br>Contradicting in proceedings is fundamental. This work aims at studying the theoritical and practical aspects of this principle
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Frison-Roche, Marie-Anne. "Généralités sur le principe du contradictoire, droit processuel." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613720v.

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Frison-Roche, Marie-Anne. "Généralités sur le principe du contradictoire (droit processuel)." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020058.

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Le contradictoire interdit qu'une personne risque d'être condamnée par une décision judiciaire sans avoir été mise en mesure de présenter ses moyens de défense. Il a rapport avec les droits de la défense, les droits de l'homme, l'action en justice. Il protège la partie au procès, en empêchant l'inculpation tardive, en organisant l'intervention et l'opposition. Il protège aussi le tiers, par la relativité de l'autorité de la chose jugée et la relativité des effets directs du jugement. Il est surtout un mécanisme logique de découverte de la vérité, car le juge doit rechercher celle-ci pour que le procès assure sa fonction d'apaisement social. Or, cette vérité ne peut être atteinte lorsque la procédure est unilatérale ou le moyen de preuve monologal, comme le serment ou l'aveu. Le contradictoire permet, au contraire, l'efficacité de cette recherche, car il constitue la dialectique judiciaire qui permet au juge de faire progresser le procès jusqu'au jugement qui en est la résultante logique. C'est pourquoi le droit doit assurer le contradictoire, en organisant la communication des éléments de faits et de droit, en assurant une véritable contestabilité, par la neutralité et la liberté du juge, par l'assistance, la présence, l'oralité et le temps nécessaire au bénéfice des parties. Mais il faut qu'il y ait intérêt à contester, ce qui explique les butoirs du "grief" et de la "cause entendue". Est ainsi démontrée la consubstantialité logique et positive du contradictoire et du procès.
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Ascensi, Lionel Cadiet Loïc. "Du principe de la contradiction /." Paris : L.G.D.G, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40157335v.

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Dupond, Thibault. "Le principe du contradictoire à l'épreuve de la procédure fiscale." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10020.

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La mise du principe du contradictoire à l'épreuve de la procédure fiscale nécessite de distinguer deux phases complémentaires. Tout d'abord le caractère indéniablement complexe de sa mise en place apparaît avec son affirmation en tant que principe général du droit et se confirme avec l'étude de l'émergence de la règle fiscale du contradictoire. Cette émergence nécessite que ce principe soit applicable à la procédure fiscale. Aussi bien juridiquement que politiquement. Et qu'iI soit retranscrit dans les textes fiscaux. Par la suite, le caractère implexe de la mise en oeuvre de ces textes. Dans la procédure fiscale résulte des interactions entre les différents protagonistes : l'administration fiscale qui assume un rôIe d'élaboration de la doctrine administrative et de mise en oeuvre pratique du contradictoire; les juges, qui jouent un double rôle de consolidation et de création dans cette mise en oeuvre ; et enfin. Les contribuables, qui sont au coeur de l'utilisation effective, bien que parfois limitée, de ce qui tend à devenir le principe fiscal du contradictoire.
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Mouallem, Ziad. "Le principe du contradictoire, cause de contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020030.

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Le principe du contradictoire post-arbitral en matière d’arbitrage international est établi dans la majorité des systèmes juridiques. Toutefois, les décisions des juges étatiques montrent que l’adhésion générale à ce concept masque d’importantes différences concernant sa portée et son application. Cette thèse ne vise point à établir une description théorique du contenu du principe, elle propose une analyse qualitative, dont l’objectif essentiel est la vérification de son individualité, et non le fait qu’il est une simple application du principe civiliste classique. Loin de constater l’adoption définitive d’un concept arbitral autonome, la solution retenue démontre l’opportunité et, donc, le besoin de sa légitimation, ayant un impact direct sur la circulation des sentences arbitrales internationales. En fin de compte, hors de tout encadrement statique, il y a lieu de détecter, à travers la progression de l’étude, une évolution logique et une activité d’apurement au niveau du droit comparé. Cette évolution, d’un principe classique vers un concept arbitral international, à lecture contractuelle et non-statutaire, contenant une règle d’égalité, puis vers un outil technique en état de disparition, ne peut que dévoiler la période d’agonie dans laquelle se place le concept en cause. Cet aboutissement ne contribue pas seulement à souligner les errements conceptuels préjudiciables en jurisprudence comparée, il concourt également à marquer l’un des traits les plus émancipatoires du processus arbitral international. Dans cette optique, une telle conjoncture participerait à l’accélération de la privatisation de la justice arbitrale internationale<br>The post-arbitral adversarial principle in international arbitration is established in most legal systems. However, decisions of state judges show that general support for this concept masks significant differences in terms of its scope and application. This thesis does not aim to outline a theoretical description of the principle’s content ; it provides a qualitative analysis, the main objective of which is to ascertain its individuality, and not the fact that it is a mere application of the classic civil principle. Far from establishing the definitive adoption of an autonomous arbitral concept, the solution demonstrates the appropriateness and, therefore, the need for its legitimation, and has a direct impact on the movement of international arbitral awards. Ultimately, beyond any static framework, through the progress of the study, a logical development and regularisation activity with respect to comparative law should be detected. This development, from a classical principle to an international arbitration concept, to a contractual and non-statutory reading, containing a rule of equality, and thereafter to a technical tool which is disappearing, can only reveal the death throes in which the concept in question finds itself in. This outcome not only serves to highlight the detrimental conceptual errors in comparative case law, it also helps to mark one of the most emancipatory features of the international arbitration process. In this respect, such a situation would contribute to the accelerated privatisation of international arbitration proceedings
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Idoux, Pascale. "La contradiction en droit administratif français /." Montpellier : Université Montpellier I, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41026168c.

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Ajroud, Jamel. "Le principe du contradictoire dans la procédure d'imposition en France et en Tunisie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32032.

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Le principe du contradictoire est au cœur du droit. Traversant les siècles, on le trouve enraciné dans le droit grec, dans le droit romain et dans le droit religieux. Longtemps limité aux procédures juridictionnelles, il a été progressivement introduit dans la procédure administrative en général, et dans la procédure d'imposition en particulier comme le montre l'évolution des procédures fiscales en France et en Tunisie. Malgré l'écart de développement politique et économique entre les deux pays, on observe plusieurs similitudes quant à la consécration du principe et quant à sa mise en œuvre, même si les points de divergences ne sont pas non plus négligeables. En France, tout comme en Tunisie, une multitude de mécanismes de contradiction est élaborée par les textes et la jurisprudence. Du débat oral et contradictoire inhérent à la vérification fiscale à la procédure contradictoire de redressement en passant par le débat formel provoqué par les demandes écrites de l'administration, la contradiction s'exerce normalement de façon continue. Cependant, si le principe du contradictoire est omniprésent en droit, il n'a qu'une emprise limitée dans la pratique des deux pays. Tantôt écartée par l'administration, tantôt rejetée par le contribuable, la procédure contradictoire d'imposition risque de devenir occasionnelle. L'administration l'évite par le recours aux procédures unilatérales de contrôle plus souples et moins contraignantes ; le contribuable y renonce car il la conçoit comme une contrainte et non comme une garantie. Pourtant, le débat contradictoire semble être la voie la plus sûre pour atteindre la vérité, la plus rapide pour résoudre le désaccord et la plus efficace pour renforcer le consentement à l'impôt<br>The adversarial principle is in the heart of Law. Through the ages, it has been rooted in greek, roman and religious laws. Though the principle had been for long limited to the judicial procedures, it has been progressively introduced in the administrative procedure in general, particularly in the taxation procedure, as one can note through the fiscal procedures in France and Tunisia. Despite the political and developmental gaps between the two countries, we can note many similarities both in the consecration and in the implementation of the principle, even though points of divergence are not uncommon. In France, just as in Tunisia, many contradiction mechanisms are generated both by texts and jurisprudence. From the oral and contradictory debate, inherent to the procedure of fiscal adjustment, through the formal debate generated by the written demands of the administration, contradiction is continuous through the whole process. Nevertheless, if the adversarial principle is present in the law of both countries, it has only a limited effect in practice. The adversarial procedure is either left aside by the Administration, either rejected by the tax payer, which means that it runs the risk of becoming purely occasional. The Administration avoids it by using unilateral and less constraining control procedures while the tax payer conceives it as a constraint rather than a as a guarantee. Still, contradictory debate seems to be the surest way to the truth, the shortest for the resolution of disagreements and the most efficient way towards the tax acceptance
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D'Huart, Angélique. "Le principe du contradictoire et le juge des enfants : à l'épreuve de la pratique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA023.

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Au moment de l’adoption du Code de la justice pénale des mineurs et de l’anniversaire de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant du 20 novembre 1989, la protection de l'enfant est un enjeu majeur de notre société et le traitement d'un sujet relatif au juge des enfants apparaît essentiel. Acteur principal de la protection de l'enfance, le juge des enfants voit ses attributions se situer aux confins du droit civil et du droit pénal. Il convient alors de s'interroger sur son rôle, en constante évolution depuis sa création en1945. Entre protection et répression, il est particulier pour le juge des enfants de situer son intervention. Tout en assurant la protection de l'enfant, ce magistrat doit respecter les principes de procédure qui régissent notre droit français. Le contradictoire, un des principes directeurs, apparaît ainsi comme incontournable dans le quotidien du juge des enfants. Toutefois, si la nécessité du respect de ce principe n'est pas à contester, sa définition est parfois imprécise dans les textes, et son application rend la protection de l'enfant compliquée. C'est ainsi qu’au quotidien, le magistrat de la jeunesse se doit de trouver un compromis entre le respect du contradictoire et la protection. Cet exercice nous conduit ainsi à mettre en exergue que l'application du contradictoire est particulière lorsqu'il est pris en compte devant le juge des enfants. Définition imprécise, application spécifique, le sujet relatif à la mise en œuvre d’un principe de procédure devant le juge des enfants paraît bien complexe. Néanmoins, c'est de cet aspect que découle tout son intérêt<br>At the moment, when the adoption of the penal justice code and the anniversary of the 20 november 1989 children’s rtights international convention underwent, child protection is a major issue in our society and the investigation of a topic related to children's judge appears to be crucial. Main actor of the childhood protection, the children's judge sees his attributions lie at the border of civil law and criminal law. Thus, it appears interesting to study his role, which has been in constant evolution since its creation in 1945. Torn between protection and repression, it is tricky for this magistrate to ground his intervention. While maintaining a full protection for children, the magistrate must comply with procedural principles, which govern our French law. Hence, the adversarial principle, one of the principles, appears as an unavoidable principle in the children's judge everyday routine. However, if the importance of the respect of this principle is not to contest, its definition is sometimes blurry in the legal texts, and its application makes sometimes the child protection difficult. Thus, the juvenile magistrate sees himself trapped in an everyday questioning to make a compromise between the respect of the adversarial principle and ensuring protection. This everyday exercise brings us to highlight that the application of the adversarial principle is peculiar when it is taken into account by the children's judge. Unclear definition,specific application, the subject relating to the implementation of a principle of procedure before the juvenile judge seems very complex. Nevertheless, it is from this aspect that all its interest derives
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Books on the topic "Principe de contradictoire"

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Le principe du contradictoire en droit processuel. L.G.D.J., 2008.

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Frison-Roche, Marie-Anne. Généralités sur le principe du contradictoire: Droit processuel. LGDJ lextenso éditions, 2014.

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Fabri, Hélène Ruiz. Le principe du contradictoire devant les juridictions internationales. Éditions A. Pedone, 2004.

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Le principe du contradictoire dans le procès administratif. Harmattan, 2010.

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Tritten, Tyler. Meillassoux against the Principle of Reason: An Ontology of Factiality. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428194.003.0002.

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While Meillassoux has famously argued for the necessity of contingency, this chapter offers a critique of Meillassoux in order to pose the possibility of the contingency of necessity. An alternative conception of chaos, in opposition to Meillassoux’s Hyper-Chaos, is offered that is not amenable to an empirical rather than rationalist approach, even if Meillassoux does reject the principle of sufficient reason. In addition, Meillassoux’s argument for factiality and his argument that only contradictory beings are necessary beings, and therefore cannot exist, are exposed as sophistical.
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Wilder, Margaret, and Helen Ingram. Knowing Equity When We See It. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.11.

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This chapter argues for a greater commitment to water equity and a transformation of water governance. Marrying contradictory principles flawed the global water governance paradigm that emerged in the 1990s. Efficiency and equity are often incompatible, and unequal power relations are embedded in many longstanding water institutions and concepts. The chapter suggests that the epistemology of water and the vocabulary and fundamental concepts used to understand water, including its socio-nature and close relation with politics, must be transformed. It introduces five “directional principles” to guide thinking about a transformational governance. It also reviews these principles in light of four real-world cases. Decades of water scholarship provide a critical lens to search for equity, but recognizing equity when it occurs in specific contexts, such as the Colorado River Delta or the city of Detroit, where new networks have emerged to challenge existing rules and power relations, is also vital.
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Kuenzler, Adrian. Abiding Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0002.

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A brief historical overview of advertising documents that advertising traditionally performed two different functions: to inform and to persuade. Over time, the law has adopted the view that all advertising is information and, based on this view, has come to preserve the uniqueness, reputation, prestige, and exclusivity that today’s goods and services conjure in consumers’ minds. This chapter discusses three recurrent themes that underlie the function and operation of the current economic system and explores, in particular, how the workings of the present experience economy are justified in legal and economic theory. It is through the operation of these principles (revealed preferences, maximization of consumer welfare, external incentives) that consumer choices are supposed to allocate resources efficiently. It explains the contradictory tensions within those principles and provides the basis for the claim that a twenty-first-century reconceptualization of the consumer may enrich our understanding of what constitutes progress.
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Schmidt, Susanne K. Case-Law Development between Path Dependence and Legal Uncertainty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717775.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 turns to the analysis of case-law development. The overlapping nature of EU and domestic legal orders, coupled with the great material detail in the EU Treaty, leads to a state of legal uncertainty concerning the reach of EU law. Some private actors benefit from drawing on this supranational, alternative legal setting. The interpretation of the four freedoms and citizenship shows that legal uncertainty about the Treaty’s ever-broader scope is embedded in a path-dependent interpretation of rights. Principles established in one area are transferred to other areas, as most private actors perceive there to be benefits from such a transfer and legitimize their claims through established principles. Legal uncertainty and path dependence appear contradictory, but they are helpful concepts for understanding how the Court can further the stability and predictability of European law while giving new incentives for further integration.
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Klimek, Markus, Francisco A. Lobo, Luzius A. Steiner, and Cor J. Kalkman. Anaesthesia for neurosurgery and electroconvulsive therapy. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0059.

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Neuroanaesthesia is the subspecialty of anaesthesiology that deals with patients undergoing surgical procedures in or close to the brain and the spinal cord. Neuroanaesthesia can be challenging, because sometimes apparently contradictory demands must be managed, for example, achieving optimal conditions for neurophysiological monitoring while maintaining sufficient anaesthetic depth, or maintaining oxygen delivery to neuronal tissue and simultaneously preventing high blood pressures that might induce local bleeding. Atypical patient positioning, management of increased intracranial pressure, and the need for early postoperative neurological evaluation are other typical challenges. This chapter addresses the general principles of neuroanaesthesia and special aspects of the most relevant procedures. A section on anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy is also included.
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Sengupta, Saswati. Domestication of the Disorderly Devī. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767022.003.0013.

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The Hindu goddess Caṇḍī is generally understood as a manifestation of Śakti, a phenomenon of the deification of the female principle within Hinduism. But Caṇḍī is a rush of images and epithets which are quite contradictory: virgin, wife, warrior, mother, goddess of plenty, wife of a hemp-soaked mendicant. The prolific composition of the Caṇḍī Maṅgalakāvya by male poets, overwhelmingly upper-caste, helped propagate the sanctioned caste-patriarchal framing of this polysemic goddess in Bengal from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. It is a measure of the march of brahminical patriarchy that different goddesses who owe their conception to different historical conditions and social formations calcify as the wife of Śiva. Inserting the genre in the context of its formation helps understand the central contradictions in the Caṇḍī Maṇgalakāvya and reveals the strategic contestations of multiple goddesses despite the hegemonic structure with radical implications for goddesses and women.
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Book chapters on the topic "Principe de contradictoire"

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Röber, Steffen. "Unmittelbarkeitsprinizp und kontradiktorische Verfahrensweise (principio de la inmediación y juicio contradictorio)." In Ökonomische Prinzipien im argentinischen Bundesstrafprozess. Centaurus Verlag & Media, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-86226-915-0_10.

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Wiig, Astrid Camilla. "Blended Learning. Exploring Contradictory Demands Between Emerging Design Principles and New Learning Practices." In Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80000-0_14.

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Cédile, Geneviève, and Bernard Dreyfus. "17. Le principe du contradictoire." In L'Aide-mémoire de l'expertise civile psychiatrique et psychologique. Dunod, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.labad.2013.01.0147.

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Manin, Bernard. "Délibération politique et principe du contradictoire." In Le tournant délibératif de la démocratie. Presses de Sciences Po, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/scpo.blond.2021.01.0117.

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Deschamps, Jean-Pierre. "Le principe du contradictoire et la protection de l’enfant." In Le parcours judiciaire de l’enfant victime. ERES, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eres.attia.2015.01.0211.

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Beall, Jc. "Contradictory Christology." In The Contradictory Christ. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852360.003.0001.

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Dubet, François. "Les principes de justice sont-ils contradictoires ?" In Rendre (la) Justice. Éditions Sciences Humaines, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sh.wievi.2013.01.0021.

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"The Cold War and the Invention of Free Agency." In Thunder from the Right, edited by Matthew Bowman. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042256.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on Benson’s contributions as a vocal political activist in the 1950s and 1960s through his assumption of the presidency of the Church in the mid-1980s. In particular, it grapples with his elaboration of the notion of “free agency,” a foundational principle of Mormon theology enunciated in the Book of Mormon and Joseph Smith’s teachings, which emphasized individual moral capacity and responsibility. Benson in particular rearticulated this idea to emphasize dual, and seemingly contradictory, principles: a moralistic libertarian political philosophy, which asserted that too much government was morally corrupting and a threat to “free agency,” and at the same time, loyalty and commitment to the institution of the LDS church. This chapter shows how Benson developed the notion of free agency from the Mormon tradition and the central place it assumed in Mormon theology by the end of his career.
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MacKendrick, Norah. "Safe until Sorry." In Better Safe Than Sorry. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520296688.003.0002.

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This chapter outlines the United States’ uneven and contradictory relationship with the precautionary principle as a policy ethic, and, more specifically points to how the safe-until-sorry model at the regulatory level helps to explain why precaution has flourished as an individualized, consumer principle. In outlining this relationship, it documents the serious gaps in regulatory oversight in what is a vast, fractured policy framework that oversees chemicals used in agriculture and food production, and in the manufacturing of cosmetics, personal care products and consumer goods.
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Paine, Thomas. "Chapter III of the old and new systems of government." In Rights of Man, Common Sense, and Other Political Writings. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538003.003.0015.

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Nothing can appear more contradictory than the principles on which the old governments began, and the condition to which society, civilization, and commerce, are capable of carrying mankind. Government on the old system, is an assumption of power, for the aggrandisement of itself; on...
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Conference papers on the topic "Principe de contradictoire"

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Malinin, Len. "Design Under Contradictory Requirements." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65108.

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This article presents a design method aimed at addressing contradictory requirements during the conceptual design activities or new product development. Of several methods aimed at developing a “good design” (not necessarily solving a contradiction), a general formal method was proposed in the Axiomatic Design Theory (ADT) by NP Suh [1]. ADT views design as a process that translates a set of functional requirements into a set of design parameters through a design matrix. The goal of the axiomatic design is to force a designer to start from scratch and explore the relationship between functions of the product and its design characteristics. Because the design characteristics in this approach are determined from scratch, the contradictions theoretically will be eliminated at a high level, before the design is developed in more detail. The ADT, however, does not offer specific tools to address contradictory requirements. Hegel’s Logic claims that “there is absolutely nothing whatever in which we cannot and must not point to contradictions“[2]. In this paper, we argue that with the right focus, contradictions can be leveraged to develop a stronger design solution. While contradictory requirements to product characteristics arise in almost every project, most often they are addressed by searching for a useful compromise in a highly iterative procedure. A more efficient approach, presented in this paper, satisfies both sides of a contradictory requirement (at different moments of time, or for different parts of the object, or at different sections of its non-linear characteristic). It is shown that in many cases, the most important step is reframing of the initial problem, which can be done by listing contradictory requirements and indicating to which parts of the object / moments of time/ stages of its life cycle they apply. Once it is done, the solution can often transpire from the reformulated problem statement, or can be generated using a very limited set of separation principles. An additional option, which has not been previously recommended for resolving contradictions, is separation of contradictory requirements in the space of material or object parameters, by selecting non-linear material or device characteristics. For instance, a medical device needs to meet different requirements in different tests: high elasticity (for the kink test) and at the same time high strength (for the burst test). This means that the target material should meet contradictory requirements to a single characteristic, its stress-deformation curve. The contradiction can be resolved using the fact that high elasticity (the kink test) is required at relatively low deformations whereas high strength (the burst test) is required at large deformations. Generally, for selection of a non-linear characteristic, it is proposed to use a morphological table with non-linear characteristics of a material or of similar devices based on different operation principles (such as different I-V curves of a current limiting device). Several case studies dealing with different subject matter applications illustrate the proposed method. The case studies include medical devices (peripherally inserted central catheter, vena cava filter), aerodynamic tractor-trailer devices, current limiting devices. The case studies are based on real life projects that resulted in patented designs.
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Alesin, Igor'. "TRENDS TO SIMULACRIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT." In Digital society: problems and development prospects. Voronezh State Forestry University named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/dsppd2021_15-18.

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The article analyzes the problems associated with the upbringing of a personality in the modern educational environment. Paradigmatically, the study is based on the principle of dividing educational technologies into effective and ineffective. With regard to the latter, the term "simulacrum" is used, which is found in the Latin translations of Plato as an analogue of the word "ειδωλον". Digital technologies used in the educational environment can then and only then contribute to personal development when they connect students with the history of their own country, sometimes contradictory, but at the same time attracted to the eternal truth.
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Ricci, Stefano. "Analytical methods and simulation models to assess innovative operational measures and technologies for rail port terminals: the case of Valencia Principe Felipe terminal." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3398.

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The topic of freight transport by rail is a complex theme and, in recent years, a main issue of European policy. The legislation evolution and the White Paper 2011 have demonstrated the European intention to re-launch this sector. The challenge is to promote the intermodal transport system to the detriment of road freight transport. In this context intermodal freight terminals, play a primary role for the supply chain, they are the connection point between the various transport nodes and the nodal points where the freight are handled, stored and transferred between different modes to final customer. To achieve the purpose, it is strengthen the improvement of existing intermodal freight terminals and the development of innovative intermodal freight terminals towards higher performance (ERRAC, 2012). Many terminal performances improvements have been proposed and sometime experimented. They are normally basing on combinations of operational measures and innovative technologies (e.g. automatic horizontal and parallel storage and handling, automated gate and sensors for tracking systems data exchange) tested in various terminals, with often-contradictory results. The research work described in this paper (developed within the Capacity4Rail EU project) focusses on the assessment of effects that these innovations can have in the intermodal freight terminals combined in various alternative consistent effective scenarios. The methodological framework setup to assess these innovations is basing on a combination of analytical methods based on sequential algorithms and discrete events simulation models. The output of this assessment method are key performance indicators (KPIs) selected according to terminals typologies and related to different aspects (e.g. management, operation and organization). The present paper illustrates the application of the methodological framework, tuned on the operation of various intermodal terminals, for the validation on today operation and the assessment of possible future scenarios to the case study of the Principe Felipe sea-rail terminal in Valencia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3406
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Can, Zeynep Gizem, Ufuk Can, and Harun Bal. "Inclusive Growth and Globalization: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02277.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between inclusive growth and globalization. Since both concepts are multidimensional and do not directly related data on these concepts, an inclusive growth index is formed which covers sixteen different data with the help of principal component analysis. The globalization data are compiled from the KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the relationship between them is determined by Engle-Granger cointegration, Granger causality and ARDL bounds tests. Econometric findings show that inclusive growth has accelerated in the period between 1991 and 2015, that there is a long-term relationship with the inclusive growth index and the globalization index. This situation is contradictory with the conclusion that the causality relationship in the literature is towards global growth through inclusive growth. Information, social, economic and financial globalizations are directly related to economic performance, education, health and infrastructure investments and its funding conditions.
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Dintenfass, L. "VERY LARGE AND COMPACT AGGREGATES OF RED CELLS IN HEART DISEASE AND CANCER: POSSIBLY AN ANALOGOUS ROLE IN THE MICROCIRCULATION AS PLATELET AGGREGATES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644213.

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Very large aggregates of red blood cells, showing compact morphology, are easily observed in vitro, and might be of importance in the in vivo microcirculation. Blood from patients with myocardial infarction, WaldenstrBm1s macroglobulinaemia, or varoous carcinomas. etc., was anticoagulated with EDTA, and adjusted to haematocrit of 0.30, using native plasma. All tests were carried out in the slit-capillary photoviscometer, at temp, of 22°C. Micro and macrophotographs were taken during flow and stasis, using slits of 12.5 and 50 micron gaps. Studies showed that very large (two-dimensional) red cell aggregates are formed, such aggregates (clumps) containing up to 50,000 red cells in a single clump. The architecture of such aggregates differed according to the origin of blood: both rouleaux type and random / compact type of aggregates were observed; in principle, a spectrum of morphologies can be seen. These observations form a link between the earlier work of FAHRAEUS, on the one hand, and that of KNISELY, on the other; whic works appeared at the time to be contradictory and irreconcilable.
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Hong, D. C., and S. Y. Hong. "Floating Wave Energy Device With Two Oscillating Water Columns." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29103.

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The absorbed power, motion and drift force of a floating wave energy device with two oscillating water column (OWC) chambers are studied taking account of the interaction between two chambers within the scope of the linear wave theory. The oscillating surface-pressure in the OWC chamber is represented by a product of the air-flow velocity and an equivalent linear damping parameter. The two-dimensional potential problem is formulated as a hybrid Green integral equation using the Rankine Green function inside the chamber and the finite-depth free-surface Green function outside respectively. The present numerical method makes it possible to tune the OWC and the floating body motions to the incident waves that is essential to maximize the absorbed power. The absorbed powers are calculated by both the near-field and far-field methods for various values of the linear damping parameter in two chambers. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the body are also presented. The numerical results for one OWC devices where the OWC is placed in a backward and forward bent duct buoys (BBDB and FBDB) are also presented for comparison of the performance. The present floating wave energy devices can also be served as a good floating breakwater having small drift force. The present numerical results show that the existence of reverse time-mean horizontal wave drift force is not contradictory to the principle of wave energy conservation.
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Flores-Caldero´n, Alejandro, Vicente Borja, Marcelo Lo´pez-Parra, and Alejandro Rami´rez-Reivich. "A Case Study in “Total Beauty” Design: An Experience Through Sustainable Product Design." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39271.

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Recent research on ‘engineering design’ is expanding to consider methods, tools and frameworks aimed at assisting designers in the process of developing sustainable products. Some of these new approaches highlight the importance and advantages of applying biology, chemistry and human-environment health, concepts and principles at the design stage of the product development process. The successful application of these approaches also requires overcoming a number of challenges. Two particular issues currently being investigated are: 1) the contradictory and sometimes misleading use of concepts regarding what a sustainable product is; and 2) the lack of sustainable parameters to evaluate how sustainable a product is. This paper presents a synthesis of the Total-Beauty theoretical framework, based on the study reported in a previous paper. Then, a process to redesign products using BioThinking, is proposed followed by its application in the redesign of a product. The process is original because it shows how the core concepts are considered in all the steps of a design process and not just in the specification and evaluation steps. The redesign is used as a case study to show its utility. The paper includes the synthesis of evaluation parameters based on BioThinking to both assess the sustainability of products, and compare the redesigned product against the original design. In the end of the paper, a discussion of the design process and the results of the case study will be presented.
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Wo¨lkl, Stefan, and Kristina Shea. "A Computational Product Model for Conceptual Design Using SysML." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87239.

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The importance of the concept development phase in product development is contradictory to the level and amount of current computer-based support for it, especially with regards to mechanical design. Paper-based methods for conceptual design offer a far greater level of maturity and familiarity than current computational methods. Engineers usually work with software designed to address only a single stage of the concept design phase, such as requirements management tools. Integration with software covering other stages, e.g. functional modeling, is generally poor. Using the requirements for concept models outlined in the VDI 2221 guideline for systematic product development as a starting point, the authors propose an integrated product model constructed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) that moves beyond geometry to integrate all necessary aspects for conceptual design. These include requirements, functions and function structures, working principles and their structures as well as physical effects. In order to explore the applicability of SysML for mechanical design, a case study on the design of a passenger car’s luggage compartment cover is presented. The case study shows that many different SysML diagram types are suitable for formal modeling in mechanical concept design, though they were originally defined for software and control system development. It is then proposed that the creation and use of libraries defining generic as well as more complicated templates raises efficiency in modeling. The use of diagrams and their semantics for conceptual modeling make SysML a strong candidate for integrated product modeling of mechanical as well as mechatronic systems.
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Buono, Mario, Sonia Capece, and Francesca Cascone. "Industrial design for aircraft: models and usability for comfort in the cabin." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3296.

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This contribution introduces an innovative model of assessment and validity of the formal-dimensional-functional structure for passenger seats in economy class in the Aerospace industry. In fact in this field, the design, ergonomics and engineering determine unpublished cooperation scenarios where roles are inverted, merge and recur repeatedly, in order to establish progress in the different planning and subject areas, having a synergistic and proactive perspective. The research activities have been developed within the framework of there search project “IMM_Interiors with Multifunctional Materials_DAC_Distretto Aerospaziale Campania” (Campania Aerospace District), in which experts from different branches of knowledge such as designers, innovative materials engineers, mechanical engineers, biologists and technical physicists from the Second University of Naples were involved. The use of new methodological dimensions resulted in the identification of common activity protocols, which were used as foundations in the planning stage, interdisciplinary and shared. The aim was to obtain a passenger seat configuration suitable to meet the demands and needs of the greatest number of individuals, according to their specifications and through the integration of innovative technologies and materials. The impact of different cultural factors, the mixture of roles and subjects, the layering of competences and heterogeneous and contradictory operational references have contributed towards a shared narrative where knowledge and experience have established the key principles in the course of evaluation and validity (methodological-designing inclusive). This route has allowed the acquisition of interdisciplinary skills and expertise qualified to obtain tangible results from the identification of methodological and design issues useful to optimize, innovate and streng then the design process. The goal was to make the acquisition of user needs systematic, through investigation and evaluation methods aimed at translating them into a structured format noted on the design process according to the principles of good design. In particular studies and research of prior art patents and thorough investigation literature regarding the state of the art of existing seat configurations and structures were carried out. Feasibility, comfort and reliability of the existing solutions in order to analyse and evaluate each component of ergonomics, human factors (physical ergonomics), user centred design and new human factors (pleasantness of use), where characteristics and specific meanings of quality, understood as a user-seat interaction quality are preferred.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3296
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Ih, Jeong-Guon, Su-Won Jang, Cheol-Ho Jeong, Youn-Young Jeung, and Kye-Sup Jun. "A Study on the Sound Quality Evaluation Model of the Air Cleaner." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41115.

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In operating the air cleaner for a long time, people in a quiet enclosed space expect calm sound at low operational levels for a routine cleaning of air; in contrast, a powerful, yet not-annoying, sound is expected at high operational levels for an immediate cleaning of pollutants. In this context, it is important to evaluate and design the air cleaner noise to satisfy such contradictory expectation from the customers. In this study, a model for evaluating the air cleaner sound quality was developed based on the objective and subjective analyses. Sound signals from various air cleaners were recorded and they were edited by increasing or decreasing the loudness at three wide specific-loudness bands: 20–400 Hz (0–3.8 Bark), 400–1250 Hz (3.8–10 Bark), 1.25k–12.5k Hz bands (10–22.8 Bark). Subjective tests using the edited sounds were conducted by the semantic differential method (SDM) and the method of successive intervals (MSI). SDM test for 7 adjective pairs was conducted to find the relation between subjective feeling and frequency bands. Two major feelings, performance and annoyance, were factored out from the principal component analysis. We found that the performance feeling was related to both low and high frequency bands; whereas the annoyance feeling was related to high frequency bands. MSI test using the 7 scales was conducted to derive the sound quality index to express the severity of each perceptive descriptor. Annoyance and performance indices of air cleaners were modeled from the subjective responses of the juries and the measured sound quality metrics: loudness, sharpness, roughness, and fluctuation strength. Multiple regression method was employed to generate sound quality evaluation models. Using the developed indices, sound quality of the measured data were evaluated and compared with the subjective data. The difference between predicted and tested scores was less than 0.5 point.
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