Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Principe du maximum d'entropie'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Principe du maximum d'entropie.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Venditti, Véronique. "Aspects du principe de maximum d'entropie en modélisation statistique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10108.
Full textMichel, Julien. "Un principe de maximum d'entropie pour les mesures de Young : applications." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10225.
Full textZhang, Tianyu. "Problème inverse statistique multi-échelle pour l'identification des champs aléatoires de propriétés élastiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2068.
Full textWithin the framework of linear elasticity theory, the numerical modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials with complex random microstructure give rise to many scientific challenges at different scales. Despite that at macroscale such materials are usually modeled as homogeneous and deterministic elastic media, they are not only heterogeneous and random at microscale, but they often also cannot be properly described by the local morphological and mechanical properties of their constituents. Consequently, a mesoscale is introduced between macroscale and microscale, for which the mechanical properties of such a random linear elastic medium are represented by a prior non-Gaussian stochastic model parameterized by a small or moderate number of unknown hyperparameters. In order to identify these hyperparameters, an innovative methodology has been recently proposed by solving a multiscale statistical inverse problem using only partial and limited experimental data at both macroscale and mesoscale. It has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem which consists in minimizing a (vector-valued) multi-objective cost function defined by three numerical indicators corresponding to (scalar-valued) single-objective cost functions for quantifying and minimizing distances between multiscale experimental data measured simultaneously at both macroscale and mesoscale on a single specimen subjected to a static test, and the numerical solutions of deterministic and stochastic computational models used for simulating the multiscale experimental test configuration under uncertainties. This research work aims at contributing to the improvement of the multiscale statistical inverse identification method in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy and robustness by introducing (i) an additional mesoscopic numerical indicator allowing the distance between the spatial correlation length(s) of the measured experimental fields and the one(s) of the computed numerical fields to be quantified at mesoscale, so that each hyperparameter of the prior stochastic model has its own dedicated single-objective cost-function, thus allowing the time-consuming global optimization algorithm (genetic algorithm) to be avoided and replaced with a more efficient algorithm, such as the fixed-point iterative algorithm, for solving the underlying multi-objective optimization problem with a lower computational cost, and (ii) an ad hoc stochastic representation of the hyperparameters involved in the prior stochastic model of the random elasticity field at mesoscale by modeling them as random variables, for which the probability distributions can be constructed by using the maximum entropy principle under a set of constraints defined by the available and objective information, and whose hyperparameters can be determined using the maximum likelihood estimation method with the available data, in order to enhance both the robustness and accuracy of the statistical inverse identification method of the prior stochastic model. Meanwhile, we propose as well to solve the multi-objective optimization problem by using machine learning based on artificial neural networks. Finally, the improved methodology is first validated on a fictitious virtual material within the framework of 2D plane stress and 3D linear elasticity theory, and then illustrated on a real heterogenous biological material (beef cortical bone) in 2D plane stress linear elasticity
Krysta, Monika. "Modélisation numérique et assimilation de données de la dispersion de radionucléides en champ proche et à l'échelle continentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652840.
Full textMichel, Philippe. "Principe d'entropie relative généralisée et dynamique de populations structurées." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090032.
Full textThis thesis deals with the dynamic of population balance equations (PBE) as the Cell Division Equation (CDE) or as the classical McKendrick age model. More precisely, we show a family of relative entropies (General Relative Entropy-GRE) in a large class of PBE. The existence of such a family and a sharp study of the asymptotic behavior is related to the existence and uniqueness of the solution to an eigenproblem. For instance, the study of this eigenproblem in a CDE model, allows us to show the link between the Malthusian growth rate of a cell population an the symmetry of its division. We prove, in a simple nonlinear age model, the global convergence to a steady state and we compare the results given by the GRE method and the linearization method
Mihelich, Martin. "Vers une compréhension du principe de maximisation de production d'entropie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS038/document.
Full textIn this thesis we try to understand why the maximum entropy production principlegives really good results in a wide range of Physics fields and notably in climatology. Thus we study this principle on classical toy models which mimic the behaviour of climat models. In particular we worked on the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process(ASEP) and on the Zero Range Process (ZRP). This enabled us first to connect MEP to an other principle which is the maximum Kolmogorov-Sinaï entropy principle (MKS). Moreover the application of MEP on these systems gives results that are physically coherent. We then wanted to extend this link between MEP and MKS in more complicated systems, before showing that, for Markov Chains, maximise the KS entropy is the same as minimise the time the system takes to reach its stationnary state (mixing time). Thus, we applied MEP to the atmospheric convection
Chakik, Fadi El. "Maximum d'entropie et réseaux de neurones pour la classification." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0091.
Full textGamboa, Fabrice. "Méthode du maximum d'entropie sur la moyenne et applications." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112346.
Full textAn explicit solution for the problem of probability reconstruction when only the averages of random variables are known is given by the maximum entropy method. We use this method to reconstruct a function constrained to a convex set C, (no linear constraint) using a finite number of its generalized moments linear constraint). A sequence of entropy maximization problems is considered. The nth problem consists in the reconstruction of a probability distribution on Cn, the projection of C on Rⁿ whose mean satisfies a constraint approximating the initial linear constraint (generalized moments). When n approaches infinity this gives a solution for the initial problem as the limit of the sequence of means of maximum entropy distributions on Cn. We call this technique the maximum entropy method on the mean (M. E. M) because linear constraints are only on the mean of the distribution to be reconstructed. We mainly study the case where C is a band of continuous functions. We find a reconstruction familly, each element of this family only depends of referenced measures used for the sequence of entropy problems. We show that the M. E. M method is equivalent to a concav criteria maximization. We then use the M. E. M method to construct a numerically computable criteria to solve generalized moments problem on a bounded band of continuous functions. In the last chapter we discuss statistical applications of the method
Bouhelal, Mediouny. "Principe du maximum avec sauts." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603251j.
Full textZheng, Huicheng Daoudi Mohamed Jedynak Bruno. "Modèles de maximum d'entropie pour la détection de la peau." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/297.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3508. Texte en anglais. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 101-107. Liste des publications.
XU, FANG. "Reconstitution en resonance magnetique nucleaire par la methode d'entropie maximum." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112378.
Full textUrban, Bernard. "Applications du maximum d'entropie et du gradient stochastique à la météorologie." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30083.
Full textLe, Martret Christophe. "Contribution a l'estimation spectrale 2d par la methode du maximum d'entropie." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10119.
Full textMohammad-Djafari, Ali Asghar. "Synthèse de Fourier multivariables à maximum d'entropie application à la reconstruction tomographique d'images /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376080845.
Full textNguyen, Maï Khuong. "Reconstitution d'images après exploration micro-onde méthode analytique et méthode à maximum d'entropie /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376169413.
Full textDau, Thi Thuy Lan. "Etudes des problèmes inverses en diffraction microonde par la méthode à maximum d'entropie." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0193.
Full textMohammad, Djafari Ali Asghar. "Synthèse de Fourier multivariables à maximum d'entropie : application à la reconstruction tomographique d'images." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112427.
Full textNguyen-Verger, Maï Khong. "Reconstitution d'images après exploration micro-onde : méthode analytique et méthode à maximum d'entropie." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0132.
Full textCousin, Jean. "Prédiction des distributions granulométriques par le formalisme d'entropie maximum. Applications à plusieurs injecteurs mécaniques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES037.
Full textZheng, Huicheng. "Modèles de maximum d'entropie pour la détection de la peau : application au filtrage de l'internet." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Zheng.pdf.
Full textDans un troisième temps, nous ajoutons des contraintes sur les couleurs des pixels voisins. Le modèle obtenu est à nouveau un champs de Markov mais contenant un très grand nombre de paramètres. Afin, aussi bien d'estimer les paramètres de ces modèles que d'effectuer de l'inférence, c'est à dire, étant donné une image couleur, calculer la probabilité pour chaque pixel qu'il corresponde à de la peau, nous proposons d'approximer, localement, le graphe associé aux pixels par un arbre. On dispose alors de l'algorithme "iterative scaling" pour l'estimation des paramètres et de l'algorithme "belief propagation" pour l'inférence. Nous avons effectué de nombreuses études expérimentales afin d'évaluer les performances respectives des différents modèles, en particulier en modifiant la taille et la géométrie des arbres. Dans le cas du projet européen Poesia, nous avons utilisé notre détecteur de peau en entrée d'un système de classification utlisant la méthode des réseaux neuronaux pour bloquer les pages webs indésirable pour les enfants. Nous avons obtenu des résultats extrèmement encourageants
Malot, Hélène. "Etude des processus d'atomisation des jets liquides. Développement expérimental et analyse par le formalisme d'entropie maximum." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES006.
Full textLécureux, Marie-Hélène. "Au delà du principe du maximum pour des systèmes d'opérateurs elliptiques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594884.
Full textLe, Besnerais Guy. "Méthode du maximum d'entropie sur la moyenne, critères de reconstruction d'image et synthèse d'ouverture en radio-astronomie." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112412.
Full textWe adress here the problem of image reconstruction from a limited number of its Fourier coefficients, degraded by noise and/or systematic errors. The sought image is assumed to belong to a convex set of functions defined by some known template. Sometimes the problem may also consist in updating a default image, so that the reconstructed image be close to the default one in terms of some discrepancy measure. Reconstruction may be achieved by optimization of a criterion which naturally imposes the expected properties on the solution. The design of such a criterion is carried out using the maximum entropy on the mean procedure (MEMP), as originally proposed by J. Navaza. We first emphasize the relationship between MEMP and the maximum entropy image reconstruction methods, which are usualy used in connection with the positivity constraint. Then we present a constructive procedure to design image reconstruction criteria, based on the MEMP, which generalizes the maximum entropy methods, since it works with constraints other than positivity. A study of the properties of the reconstructions which may be obtained is given using a synthetic monodimensionnal problem. The method is then applied to the imaging problem which occurs in aperture synthesis techniques in radio-astronomy. Ln this problem, the influence of systematic errors, which remains after the calibration procedures and especially those affecting the phase of the measured data must be accounted for. The correction of systematic errors is handled through the introduction of a set of parameters, and the criterion is optimized with respect to this new set of variables. Simulation results are provided on bidimensionnal problems
Ranwez, Vincent. "Méthodes efficaces pour reconstruire de grandes phylogénies suivant le principe du maximum de vraisemblance." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843175.
Full textAmblard, Cécile. "Reconstruction de foyers d'hyperfixation en tomographie d'émission de positons par la méthode du maximum d'entropie sur la moyenne : application à l'oncologie." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0109.
Full textBerrabah, Abdelhak. "Observateurs et Principe du Maximum "Approché" des Systèmes Bilinéaires en Dimension Infinie sous contrôles à paramètres distribués." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS002.
Full textThere are two parts in this thesis : 1st part : Given a bilinear infinite-dimensional system, under control in infinite dimension, we build a simple observer for this process under a Hilbert-Schmidt's and dissipation condition. In this part, we prove a approximate principle of maximum in infinite dimension for bilinear systems. Furthermore if the control is finite dimensional, or if the operators which give the control dynamic are compacts, we prove that we have again an exact PMP
Boyaval, Stéphane. "Etude de la granulométrie des sprays produits par des injecteurs à swirl destinés à l'injection directe essence : mesures et application du formalisme d'entropie maximum." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES062.
Full textBourdin, Loïc. "Contributions au calcul des variations et au principe du maximum de Pontryagin en calculs time scale et fractionnaire." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3009/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the mathematical fields called calculus of variations and optimal control theory. More precisely, we develop some aspects of these two domains in discrete, more generally time scale, and fractional frameworks. Indeed, these two settings have recently experience a significant development due to its applications in computing for the first one and to its emergence in physical contexts of anomalous diffusion for the second one. In both frameworks, our goals are: a) to develop a calculus of variations and extend some classical results (see below); b) to state a Pontryagin maximum principle (denoted in short PMP) for optimal control problems. Towards these purposes, we generalize several classical variational methods, including the Ekeland’s variational principle (combined with needle-like variations) as well as variational invariances via the action of groups of transformations. Furthermore, the investigations for PMPs lead us to use fixed point theorems and to consider the Lagrange multiplier technique and a method based on a conic implicit function theorem. This manuscript is made up of two parts : Part A deals with variational problems on time scale and Part B is devoted to their fractional analogues. In each of these parts, we follow (with minor differences) the following organization: 1. obtaining of an Euler-Lagrange equation characterizing the critical points of a Lagrangian functional; 2. statement of a Noether-type theorem ensuring the existence of a constant of motion for Euler-Lagrange equations admitting a symmetry;3. statement of a Tonelli-type theorem ensuring the existence of a minimizer for a Lagrangian functional and, consequently, of a solution for the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation (only in Part B); 4. statement of a PMP (strong version in Part A and weak version in Part B) giving a necessary condition for the solutions of general nonlinear optimal control problems; 5. obtaining of a Helmholtz condition characterizing the equations deriving from a calculus of variations (only in Part A and only in the purely continuous and purely discrete cases). Some Picard-Lindelöf type theorems necessary for the analysis of optimal control problems are obtained in Appendices
Bennani, Youssef. "Caractérisation de la diversité d'une population à partir de mesures quantifiées d'un modèle non-linéaire. Application à la plongée hyperbare." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4128/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new method for nonparametric density estimation from censored data, where the censing regions can have arbitrary shape and are elements of partitions of the parametric domain. This study has been motivated by the need for estimating the distribution of the parameters of a biophysical model of decompression, in order to be able to predict the risk of decompression sickness. In this context, the observations correspond to quantified counts of bubbles circulating in the blood of a set of divers having explored a variety of diving profiles (depth, duration); the biophysical model predicts of the gaz volume produced along a given diving profile for a diver with known biophysical parameters. In a first step, we point out the limitations of the classical nonparametric maximum-likelihood estimator. We propose several methods for its calculation and show that it suffers from several problems: in particular, it concentrates the probability mass in a few regions only, which makes it inappropriate to the description of a natural population. We then propose a new approach relying both on the maximum-entropy principle, in order to ensure a convenient regularity of the solution, and resorting to the maximum-likelihood criterion, to guarantee a good fit to the data. It consists in searching for the probability law with maximum entropy whose maximum deviation from empirical averages is set by maximizing the data likelihood. Several examples illustrate the superiority of our solution compared to the classic nonparametric maximum-likelihood estimator, in particular concerning generalisation performance
Herpe, Julien. "Caractérisation des performances des surfaces d'échange basée sur l'évaluation numérique du taux de production d'entropie : Application aux échangeurs de chaleur d'automobiles." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3074eb79-699c-460a-8414-06d91163304f.
Full textThis thesis presents a methodology for the characterization of automotive finned tube heat exchanger performances, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics. In order to integrate this methodology as a part of an optimization platform of finned surfaces, the proposed approach is based on the numerical tools. The study is focused on the estimation of the entropy production number N s1 = ƒ (S gen) and on the evolution of this criterion with respects to the key parameters of the fin surface design. A RANS approach is used to calculate each term of the entropy production rate S gen. We focus our attention on the entropy production rate near the wall and specific near wall treatments for the entropy production terms are introduced and discussed. With all local information obtained, the entropy production criterion is calculated. The methodology is first applied to a finned tube with longitudinal vortices generators. The angle of attack of the vortices generators and the fin material are modified in order to study the influence of the conjugated heat transfer on the entropy production rate. As a second step, louvered fins are examined. The influences on N s1 of the operating point, of the thermal contact resistance between the tube and the fin, and of geometrical parameters are examined. This study reveals the existence of a thermodynamic optimum which depends on these parameters. The entropy production number that links the viscous and thermal dissipation terms shows a competition between two antagonist phenomena and permits to determine the boundary that characterize the predominance of the one with respect to the other
Gallón, Gómez Santiago Alejandro. "Template estimation for samples of curves and functional calibration estimation via the method of maximum entropy on the mean." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2000/.
Full textOne of the main difficulties in functional data analysis is the extraction of a meaningful common pattern that summarizes the information conveyed by all functions in the sample. The problem of finding a meaningful template function that represents this pattern is considered in Chapter 2 assuming that the functional data lie on an intrinsically low-dimensional smooth manifold with an unknown underlying geometric structure embedding in a high-dimensional space. Under this setting, an approximation of the geodesic distance is developed based on a robust version of the Isomap algorithm. This approximation is used to compute the corresponding empirical Fréchet median function, which provides a robust intrinsic estimator of the template. The Chapter 3 investigates the asymptotic properties of the quantile normalization method by Bolstad, et al. (2003) which is one of the most popular methods to align density curves in microarray data analysis. The properties are proved by considering the method as a particular case of the structural mean curve alignment procedure by Dupuy, Loubes and Maza (2011). However, the method fails in some case of mixtures, and a new methodology to cope with this issue is proposed via the algorithm developed in Chapter 2. Finally, the problem of calibration estimation for the finite population mean of a survey variable under a functional data framework is studied in Chapter 4. The functional calibration sampling weights of the estimator are obtained by matching the calibration estimation problem with the maximum entropy on the mean -MEM- principle. In particular, the calibration estimation is viewed as an infinite-dimensional linear inverse problem following the structure of the MEM approach. A precise theoretical setting is given and the estimation of functional calibration weights assuming, as prior measures, the centered Gaussian and compound Poisson random measures is carried out
Seghier, Abdellatif. "Matrices de Toeplitz dans le cas d-dimensionnel : développement asymptotique à l'ordre d.Extension de fonctions de type positif dans le cas d-dimensionnel et maximum d'entropie : application à la reconstruction de densités." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112038.
Full textIn the two first chapters we are concerned with the prediction of the second order stationnary process. Here the information depends on a part of past. The main aspect of these papers is the use of hilbertian technics based on Tœplitz and Hankel operators. In the following three papers, we deal with an old Szegö's problem on the expansion of the determinant of Tœplitz matrix. We give in the multidimensionnal case a more precise expansion of the trace of the inverse with order d). Moreover the knew cœfficients which appear are strongly related with geometrical invariants of the domain on which the the Tœplitz operators are truncated. In the last two papers knew results about reconstruction of the spectral densities in the multidimentional case are given. The methods are based on extensions of positive defined function and maximum entropy principle. This work is motivated by the problem of the determination of the phases of the electron density function in crystal analysis. Nevertheless, there is still a great amount of work to be done in order to solve this problem
Fournier, Frantz. "Méthodologie d'optimisation dynamique et de commande optimale des réacteurs électrochimiques discontinus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_FOURNIER_F.pdf.
Full textCao, Zhansheng. "Comportement d'un échantillon sous conditionnement extrême, maximum de vraisemblance sous échantillonnage pondéré." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802459.
Full textLagache, Marc-Aurèle. "Analyse de problèmes inverses et directs en théorie du contrôle." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0008/document.
Full textThe overall context of this thesis is the study of inverse and direct problems in control theory. More specifically, the following three problems are studied.The first one is an optimal control problem (direct approach). The aim is to give a time minimum systhesis fora kinematic model of a UAV flying at constant altitude with positive (non-necessarily constant) linear velocityin order to steer it to a fixed circle of minimum turning radius.The second problem deals with an inverse approach of optimal control. The aim is to develop theoretical methods in order to reconstruct the minimized criterion in an optimal control problem from a set of solution to this problem. The aim is also to characterize the « good » sets of trajectories leading to the reconstruction of the criterion. In the last fifteen years, there has been a renewed interest in inverse optimal control, especially inhuman motor behavior. Indeed, according to a well accepted paradigm in neurophysiology, among all possible movements, those actually accomplished are solutions of an optimization process.The third problem tackles output feedback stabilization. We analyze, via a simple academic example from quantum control, the problem of dynamic output feedback stabilization, when the point where we want to stabilize corresponds to a control value that makes the system unobservable. The general idea is to perturb the stabilizing state feedback in order to ensure the observability of the system while stabilizing it to the target.The analysis of this example allows, secondly, to identify a general procedure that can be applied to a widerclass of systems
Rachah, Amira. "Modélisation mathématique, simulation et contrôle de processus de cristallisation." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2528/.
Full textIn this thesis we are concerned with the mathematical modeling of crystallization processes in order to understand, simulate, optimize and control them. We first present the principles of modeling, the fundamentals of crystallization and the numerical exploitation of models of crystallization. We then discuss exemplary a mathematical model of crystallization of KCl in continuous operational mode with dissolution of fines and product classiffication. This model is described by a hyperbolic partial differential equation coupled with an integro-differential equation. To justify the theoretical model, we prove existence and uniqueness of solutions using the method of characteristics and the Banach fixed-point theorem. We then present numerical simulations of the studied processes. In a third part of the thesis we develop and present a mathematical model of solvated crystallization of a-lactose monohydrate in semi-batch operational mode. We justify the model by proving global existence and uniqueness of solutions. Finally, we study the optimal control of crystallization of a-lactose monohydrate in semi-batch mode using the solvers ACADO and PSOPT. Optimal cooling and filling strategies are computed in order to enhance the properties of the solid
Comets, Francis. "A propos des systèmes de particules en interaction sur un réseau." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112312.
Full textWe are interested in particles systems located on a lattice, with different type of interaction For short range interaction on zd, we study the large deviation properties for the empirical field of a Gibbs measure we also cover the case of random interaction and derive some applications Next we study Glauber dynamics of a local mean field model on the torus in the asymptotics of a large number of particles The fluctuation process has to be rescaled in space and time at the critical temperature We analyse the dynamics of a change of attractor using large deviations techniques at low temperature we recover a description for nucleation We then need to study the stationary points in such a local mean field model this is tackled in the frame of bifurcation theory
Benmlih, Khalid. "Étude qualitative de certains problèmes semi-linéaires elliptiques." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10075.
Full textGardella, Christophe. "Structure et sensibilité des réponses de populations de neurones dans la rétine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066603/document.
Full textGanglion cells form the output of the retina: they transfer visual information from the eye to the brain. How they represent information is still debated. Their responses to visual stimuli are highly nonlinear, exhibit strong correlations between neurons, and some information is only present at the population level. I first study the structure of population responses. Recent studies have shown that cortical cells are influenced by the summed activity of neighboring neurons. However, a model for these interactions was still lacking. I describe a model of population activity that reproduces the coupling between each cell and the population activity. Neurons in the salamander retina are found to depend in unexpected ways on the population activity. I then describe a method to characterize the sensitivity of rat retinal neurons to perturbations of a stimulus. Closed-loop experiments are used to explore selectively the space of perturbations around a given stimulus. I show that responses to small perturbations can be described by a local linearization of their probability, and that their sensitivity exhibits signatures of efficient coding. Finally, I show how the sensitivity of neural populations can be estimated from response structure. I show that Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are accurate models of neural correlations. To measure the discrimination power of neural populations, I search for a neural metric such that responses to different stimuli are far apart and responses to the same stimulus are close. I show that RBMs provide such neural metrics, and outperform classical metrics at discriminating small stimulus perturbations
Canaud, Matthieu. "Estimation de paramètres et planification d'expériences adaptée aux problèmes de cinétique - Application à la dépollution des fumées en sortie des moteurs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677758.
Full textBosch, Pérez Paul Jesús. "Sensibilité et dualité en optimisation et contrôle optimal avec incertitude." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS004.
Full textNadin, Grégoire. "Equations de réaction-diffusion et propagation en milieu hétérogène." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066491.
Full textFontaine, Clément. "Supervision optimale des véhicules électriques hybrides en présence de contraintes sur l’état." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0024.
Full textParallel hybrid electric vehicles are generally propelled by an internal combustion engine, which is combined to a reversible electric machine. The power flows between these two traction devices are determined by a supervisory control algorithm, which aims at reducing the fuel consumption and possibly some polluting emissions. In the literature, optimal control theory is now recognized as a powerful framework for the synthesis of energy management strategies for full hybrid vehicles. These strategies are referred to as “Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies” (ECMS) and are based on the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. To demonstrate the optimality of ECMS, it must be assumed that the storage system limits are not reached during the drive cycle. This hypothesis cannot be made anymore when considering the micro and mild hybrid vehicles studied in this thesis because the state variable generally reaches several times the boundaries. Some mathematical tools suitable for the study of state constrained optimal control problems are introduced and applied to two energy management problems. The first problem consists in determining the optimal profile of the voltage across a pack of ultra-capacitors. The second problem focuses on a dual storage system. The stress is put on the study of the optimality conditions holding in case of active state constraints. Some consequences of these conditions for the online control are pointed out are exploited for the design of a real-time controller. Its performances are assessed using a demonstrator vehicle. A comparison with a classical ECMS-based approach is also provided
Tixier, Eliott. "Variability modeling and numerical biomarkers design in cardiac electrophysiology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066325/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the variability observed in cardiac electrophysiology (i.e. the electrical activity of biological tissues) measurements and to the design of numerical biomarkers extracted from these measurements. The potential applications are numerous, ranging from a better understanding of existing electrophysiology models to the assessment of adverse effects of drugs or the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies. The cardiac electrophysiology models considered in the present work are either ODEs or PDEs depending on whether we focus on the cell scale or the tissue scale. In both cases, these models are highly non-linear and computationally intensive. We proceed as follows: first we develop numerical tools that address general issues and that are applicable beyond the scope of cardiac electrophysiology. Then, we apply those tools to synthetic electrophysiology measurements in various realistic scenarios and, when available, to real experimental data. In the first part of this thesis, we present a general method for estimating the probability density function (PDF) of uncertain parameters of models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or partial differential equations (PDEs). The method is non-instrusive and relies on offline evaluations of the forward model, making it computationally cheap in practice compared to more sophisticated approaches. The method is illustrated with generic PDE and ODE models. It is then applied to synthetic and experimental electrophysiology measurements. In the second part of this thesis, we present a method to extract and select biomarkers from models outputs in view of performing classication tasks or solving parameter identification problems. The method relies on the resolution of a sparse optimization problem. The method is illustrated with simple models and then applied to synthetic measurements, including electrocardiogram recordings, and to experimental data obtained from micro-electrode array measurements
Cerf, Max. "Optimisation de trajectoires spatiales. Vol d'un dernier étage de lanceur - Nettoyage des débris spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736748.
Full textMartinon, Pierre. "Resolution numerique de problemes de controle optimal par une methode homotopique simpliciale." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011416.
Full textCoville, Jérôme. "Equations de réaction-diffusion non-locale." Paris 6, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004313.
Full textDjeridane, Badis. "Sur la commandabilité des systèmes non linéaires à temps discret." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009518.
Full textKoohkan, Mohammad Reza. "Multiscale data assimilation approaches and error characterisation applied to the inverse modelling ofatmospheric constituent emission fields." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1140/document.
Full textData assimilation in geophysical sciences aims at optimally estimating the state of the system or some parameters of the system's physical model. To do so, data assimilation needs three types of information: observations and background information, a physical/numerical model, and some statistical description that prescribes uncertainties to each componenent of the system.In my dissertation, new methodologies of data assimilation are used in atmospheric chemistry and physics: the joint use of a 4D-Var with a subgrid statistical model to consistently account for representativeness errors, accounting for multiple scale in the BLUE estimation principle, and a better estimation of prior errors using objective estimation of hyperparameters. These three approaches will be specifically applied to inverse modelling problems focussing on the emission fields of tracers or pollutants. First, in order to estimate the emission inventories of carbon monoxide over France, in-situ stations which are impacted by the representativeness errors are used. A subgrid model is introduced and coupled with a 4D-Var to reduce the representativeness error. Indeed, the results of inverse modelling showed that the 4D-Var routine was not fit to handle the representativeness issues. The coupled data assimilation system led to a much better representation of theCO concentration variability, with a significant improvement of statistical indicators, and more consistent estimation of the CO emission inventory. Second, the evaluation of the potential of the IMS (International Monitoring System) radionuclide network is performed for the inversion of an accidental source. In order to assess the performance of the global network, a multiscale adaptive grid is optimised using a criterion based on degrees of freedom for the signal (DFS). The results show that several specific regions remain poorly observed by the IMS network. Finally, the inversion of the surface fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are carried out over Western Europe using EMEP stations. The uncertainties of the background values of the emissions, as well as the covariance matrix of the observation errors, are estimated according to the maximum likelihood principle. The prior probability density function of the control parameters is chosen to be Gaussian or semi-normal distributed. Grid-size emission inventories are inverted under these two statistical assumptions. The two kinds of approaches are compared. With the Gaussian assumption, the departure between the posterior and the prior emission inventories is higher than when using the semi-normal assumption, but that method does not provide better scores than the semi-normal in a forecast experiment
Chakir, El-Alaoui El-Houcine. "Les métriques sous riemanniennes en dimension 3." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES055.
Full text