Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Principe général de droit international'
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Abline, Gaël. "Sur un nouveau principe général de droit international : l'uti possidetis." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339755.
Full textAbline, Gaël. "Sur un nouveau principe général de droit international : l’uti possidetis." Phd thesis, Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0020.
Full textThe uti possidetis was applied, at the time of decolonisation in order to determine the borders of the new countries, for its defensive virtues in Latin America and for its stabilising properties in Africa. Its legal worth was heavily debated before it was recognised as a general principle of law in 1986 by the International Court of Justice. The question of its application in Europe in cases of the break-up of states resulting in the transformation of the borders of previously federated states into international borders was at the heart of a legal controversy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it was necessary to determine the territorial sovereignty of the new states that had appeared within the international order. Numerous authors identify the source of its incomplete or ambiguous characterictics are due its non-binding nature because its implementation is carried out without the agreement of all states concerned. Its advantages appear over-estimated relative to its pacifying effect
Dubuisson, François. "Existe-t-il un principe général d'appropriation de l'information ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211071.
Full textLamour, Marianne. "Le principe lex specialis en droit international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100188.
Full textThe significant increase in references to the lex specialis principle by international actors, especially since the end of the twentieth century, has made it appear as an unavoidable concept. However, the question of its content is still debated by scholars and in practice. A duality of perceptions of the function of the lex specialis principle exists. Indeed, it is understood either as a principle of articulation of competing rules or as a principle of solution of conflict between contradictory rules. That duality is not surprising: each of these functions derives from historically different and conceptually antagonistic genesis. But the solution of conflict function proceeds from the outset of a conceptual incoherence since two contradictory rules have no relation of generality and specialty. Moreover, it can not be transposed into the modern international legal order because the fact that one of its subjects may lawfully not comply with one of its obligation due to the existence of another obligation contradictory to it is irreconcilable with the axiomatic principle pacta sunt servanda. By contrast, its articulation function constitutes a tool for the interpreter to affirm the coherence and unity of the law it applies. In relation to the contemporary concerns about fragmentation of international law, it is not surprising that this is the function most of its actors implement today
Hamrouni, Maïa-Oumeïma. "Les responsabilités communes mais différenciées : contribution à l'étude de la structuration d'un principe général du droit international de l'environnement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB184.
Full textIn a contexte of increasing interdependance among States, and regarding the risks for the international society, a joint action is required in order to protect the environment. Including both political and moral dimensions, the common but differentiated responsibilities have been designed to set a differentiation between States based on their level of development. Although they institute a normative duality, they are distinguished from classical differentiation due to their development and prospective aspects. The notion of common but differentiated responsibilities has been strengthened in the framework of the climate regime since the Paris Agreement 2015. As a protean, director and structuring principle, the common but differentiated responsibilities participates in humanising international law. This PhD dissertation aims to contribute to the structuration of the common but differentiated responsibilities as a general principle of international environmental law. Their scope will be examined through an assessment of their effectiveness within the climate regime framework
Lazarova, Guergana. "L'impartialité de la justice : recherche sur la circulation d'un principe entre le droit interne et le droit international." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1020.
Full textThe principle of impartiality is essentially treate by the French jurists under the angle of the impressive jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Nevertheless, the international origin of this principle remained unexplored. This study shows that the impartiality is a recurring requirement in the speeches on the justice, and it since the Antiquit. In spite of its philosophic obvious fact, the juridicisation of the principle of impartiality showed itself sinuous and uneven through the history and the legal cultures (Civilian /Common law). The peculiarities of the political system of the United Kingdom so explain the direct applicability of the principle in the motocross from the origins of Common law. On the other hand, in French law, its explicit consecration was late and provoked by the article 6 EHCR
Rosiak, Patricia. "L'OMC et la redéfinition de l'ordre juridique international : essai sur les nouveaux principes du droit international économique." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0800.
Full textThe Agreements of Marrakech of 1994 redefined the framework of the international economic field with the installation of a regulation placed under narrow control of a new Institution: the World Organization of Trade (WTO) made conspicuous by a confusion of capacities. Agreement GATT is integrated within a lawful framework widened and intended to ensure the reality of free trade on the international economic scene. This widening resulted in to include within this regulation of the economic operators thus called to become the principal actors of this new framework. In corollary, we observe that the public policies of the Members are checked permanently by WTO reducing their economic sovereignties thus. WTO became impossible to circumvent on the international scene since the whole of the decisions and the dialogues emanating, as well of the Organizations specialized as in the abstract Groups, are from now on conditioned by this regulation. In parallel, the Body of Settlement of the Disputes takes part gradually in the recognition and the reality of the subjective rights granted the economic operators by the Agreements. WTO, by its practice, works out thus gradually a new Autonomous duty likely to redefine the international legal Order. It does not remain any more at the Institution but to obtain a true jurisdiction to sit in a final way this swing of the international legal Order
Bartenstein, Kristin. "L'antagonisme «commerce et environnement» ou le principe de développement durable comme fil conducteur pour la réconciliation des intérêts commerciaux et environnementaux sous l'article XX du GATT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24190/24190.pdf.
Full textNikolaeva, Desislava. "Le droit de la diplomatie préventive : étude de la règle de prévention en droit international public contemporain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA009.
Full textInternational law regulates States’ diplomacy for the purpose of preventing insecurity, and, by extension, armed conflicts. Accordingly, the law of preventive diplomacy reflects, in a sense, the idea that prevention of imminent risks of serious material damages defines a general principle of international law. The assertion of such a principle is based on an inductive analysis of the major treaties on collective security concluded between 1899 and 1945. It is verified in light of their application by Member States of the League of Nations and, since 1945, of the United Nations. The general nature of this principle is deduced from a combined study of the jurisprudence of a number of international courts and tribunals in various fields of international law. Those findings support the idea that individual and collective efforts of conflict prevention are subject to the respect of a general legal regime governing the current international system of peace-maintenance and collective security
Farnoux, Etienne. "Les considérations substantielles dans le règlement de la compétence internationale des juridictions : réflexions autour de la matière délictuelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D034.
Full textIt is a common place idea that the rules of international jurisdiction are based on the geographical localization of the dispute, also known as the principle of proximity. If one thinks, as is the case traditionally, of international jurisdiction as being a question of territorial limitation of a State's adjudicatory authority, it makes sense to rely on the localization of the dispute to organize it in a neutral way. Yet, this program is faced with dire difficulties, namely the growing virtualization of entire swathes of human activities and the rise in cross border private relations. More fundamentally, the vision of international jurisdiction as being based on the principle of proximity pays little heed to the notion that international jurisdiction is but an organization by the State of its duty to render justice, be it with regards to cross border private relations. In this perspective, the rules of international jurisdiction should reflect the values and principles of justice that are held by the State, and more generally within the society. These values may be apprehended at two levels: at the level of procedural justice and at the level of substantial justice. These two levels can be merged into a broader category, that of policy considerations and it is the goal of this work to study the influence of these policy considerations on the rules of international jurisdiction with regards to cross border tort cases. This research first underlines the shortcomings of the localizing approach to international jurisdiction. It then moves to envisage an organization of the State's adjudicatory authority in cross border private relations that would be based on policy considerations
Laval, Pierre-François. "La compétence ratione temporis des juridictions internationales." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40030.
Full text"Jurisdiction ratione temporis" is an expression that derives from case law, the meaning of which varies depending on the context it is used in. As it appears in International court decisions, it is used to mean the time during which the court has the authority to exercise jurisdictional power which also relates to the time during which the State’s consent to jurisdiction is valid. Jurisdiction ratione temporis also means the time period during which the court has the power to judge as the States often specify categories of disputes for which they can be brought to justice as ratione temporis. On this basis, legal doctrine only sees temporal jurisdiction as a variable notion that is not particularly useful in analysing positive law, and prefers to refer to either jurisdiction ratione personae when there is an issue of whether the State has agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the court, or to jurisdiction ratione materiae for categories of disputes for which a court could have jurisdiction. Studies on International case law however call into question the justification of such an analysis. If we can consider that in temporal jurisdiction there is an element of identifying the jurisdictional sphere of the court and therefore an aspect of its jurisdiction ratione materiae, the problem of the time during which a court has jurisdiction cannot be practically solved by referring to the concept of jurisdiction ratione personae. Given the way in which courts apply the title of jurisdiction ratione temporis, this does not appear to be just an act by which the States agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the court but first of all as the very basis of the action. In this, the explanations of the solutions of the International courts cannot ignore a concept that is specific to the duration of authorisation, that of jurisdiction ratione temporis
Hammje, Petra. "La contribution des principes généraux du droit à la formation du droit international privé." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010307.
Full textFalkowska, Martyna. "Entre conformisme et émancipation: le juge pénal international face à la coutume et aux principes généraux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249496.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Béchillon, Marielle de. "La notion de principe général en droit privé." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU2044.
Full textDifferently from the most frequent presentation that we meet, the expression "general principle" like it is used by judge and the legislator, does not mean anything very accurate in french actual private law. So, the general principles do not get to the root of the legal rules and neither are legal rules. The term has not to be understood as a sort of law's fomal origin. We meet "general principles" in every formal origin we know (treaty, constitution, law, statutes, and so on. . . ). The phenomenon exists in writting law, is used by judges who craate "general principles" even thougt they do not have the power to create officially the law. In another, the general principles are not an homogeneous category of law rule. The substance and the forms of theses principles are very diversified. On the one hand, le term "general principle" cohabites with others terms as "principle", "general principle", "basic", "essential", "guiding", or "superior". Really theses expressions seem to be interchangeable. On the other hand, rules which are understood as "general principles" does not have a fundamental character different from the others rules. So the qualities wich usually define the general principles (more particularly abstraction and generality) are not enough to characterize the "principles" fron the others rules of the legal system
Daniel, Julie. "Les principes généraux du droit en droit pénal interne et international." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_daniel_j.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a contribution to the study of non legislative process of law making. Its object is to analyse the role of general principles of law in French and international criminal laws. In criminal law, the principle of legality is so strong that the status of general principles of law as non written source of the law remains uncertain. The fist part deals with the general principles of law as a residual source of French criminal law, where an important phenomenon of reception of general principles of law by some written law can be observed. In the second part, attention is paid to the general principles of law as an essential source of the international criminal legal system. General principles of law are an important source in the actual process of making international criminal legal norms. Non written principles are actually some fundamental instruments of the growth of the international criminal legal system
Morin, Marie-Laure. "Le droit à la négociation collective : principe général du droit." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10017.
Full textRhe right of wage earners to collective bargaining, stated in france by art. L. 131. 1 of french labour code, is a general principle of lax. Recognised by o. I. T. Conventions, this principle is rooted in paragraph 8 of the constitution preamble. The present analysis has made it possible to study the building of collective bargaining law wich led to the assertion of this principle by an act of parliement of the 13th of july 1971, and its carrying out in our positive contemporary legislation
Thévenot-Werner, Anne-Marie. "Le droit des agents internationaux à un recours effectif : vers un droit commun de la procédure administrative internationale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010295.
Full textInternational organizations’ immunity from jurisdiction prevents – in principle – an international agent from access to national courts in case of a conflict with his organization. Therefore, the question arises whether agents have a right to an effective remedy under international law. Despite the fact that each international organization creates its own partial legal order, various general principles identified by different international administrative tribunals establish, taken as a whole, the right of international agents to an effective remedy. However, in practice, the key stakeholders having decision-making power do not draw all necessary conclusions from these rules which would provide agents with the required guarantees for ensuring effectiveness of the legal remedies. This emphasizes the fragility of this right – a fragility which is not without consequences on the rule of law in international organizations
Jamay, Florence. "Le droit à l'information : un principe général du droit de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010295.
Full textThe purpose of this writting is to show how the maladjustement of the mechanisms coming from the access to the information right lead to the creation of specific tools for the environment. These innovative mechanisms are able to open doors to the information right in order to resolve the crisis of the public decisions. This writting allows to make a reflection to the administrative democracy by the point of view of the information right principles. This work involves the right of environment (by the creation of specific mechanisms of information) and administrative right, boosted by the right of environment. In a matter of fact, the right of the environment is amorced by a militant point of view. So, this right will permit actions for the protection of the environment. Therefore, the right of the environment is a correct proceed for the right of the information in order to renovate the relation between civil society and state
Jiang, Ying. "Étude comparée de la responsabilité délictuelle du fait d’autrui en France et en Chine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST2005/document.
Full textThis study is about a comparison of vicarious liability in French juridical system and in Chinese juridical system.In first part of this article, a more micro-vision, it is analyzed case by case of specific vicarious liability in two judicial systems. It is precisely about the acts of minors (the liability of parents in French law and liability of guardians in Chinese law, also the liability of teachers in French law and liability of school in Chinese law), the liability of employers and masters in two juridical systems and the general vicarious liability that is accepted particularly in French law, while the latter is different in Chinese law.The second part of this article concerns a whole vision and proposes a study of internal relations of two systems between different hypotheses of vicarious liability, and also an investigation of external relations of this system with the personal responsibility of “common law” and the mechanisms of collective compensation.However, of this mechanism applied at two systems, analysis reveals a common disadvantage: a lack of harmonization. In this aspect, considering the precondition of avoiding doing harm to particularity of each case of figure, the study tries to restore coherence both “internal” relations in systems of vicarious liability and “external” relations with other systems
Train, Frédéric. "Le principe de protection de la confiance légitime en droit communautaire : genèse d'un nouveau principe général du droit." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40011.
Full textThe principle of protection of legitimate expectations, primarily a product of German law, has been taken up by the EC Court of Justice and adapted to Community requirements. It may be invoked by anyone who is in a situation in which an EC authority has created fully-founded expectations in their own right. It emerges as a consequence to the principle of legal security, itself designed as a basic component of the Community based on the rule of law. Indeed, it grants a subjective right protecting anyone who is the victim of excessive legal insecurity. It supposes, however, that expectation depend on an act or attitude from authorities liable to create legitimate expectations and be justified by faultless behaviour by the claimant and the unpredictability of the act in question. Furthermore, protection of legitimate expectations is granted if and only if it does not conflict with the general interest. This control of proportionality translates to a protection of legitimate expectations that will vary according to means of recourse
Hallier, Cécile. "La connexité en droit international privé." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0033.
Full textThe question : The related actions, protean concept, concerns both the form and the substance of law. The effects at the stage of the execution of the judgements reveal the interest of the notion: the existence of a risk of contradictory decisions questioning the international legal security. Handled in a indirect way in the international order through its effects, the notion does not offer a solution corresponding to its nature. From then on, it was necessary to envisage the method under a new angle: the function of guarantee at the same moment within the legal operations and in the good administration of the justice. This entails taking into account the coherence from the arising of the dispute to integrate it into the method of resolution of the private international law and restore its effectiveness. On the theoretical plan, the interest of a direct treatment of the notion of related actions allows to notice not only its compatibility with the objectives of harmonisation and co-ordination of the private international law but also the positive action which it can exercise in this domain
Coelho, Filipa. "Le droit international général, source du droit de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA004.
Full textThe European Union is a subject of international law and its externat relations are conducted within the framework of general international law. As a result, the European Union must comply with it, which necessarily have effects on its own legal order. The effects of general international law on European Union legal order depend, however, on the conditions set by the European Union law itself. lt makes a screening of general international law entering the European Union legal order so that it can become there a source of law. As a formal source of European Union law, general international law is invoked in the Court of Justice. lt is subject to a large interpretation scrutiny and a limited validity scrutiny by the Court of Justice, the justiciability of general international law having, therefore, a specific treatment
Balmaceda, Jorge. "La vente de marchandises dans les systèmes de droit civil et de common law : une étude des droits anglais, chilien et français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D041/document.
Full textCommon Law and Civil Law are the main legal systems in the world and the sale of goods is the most important contract. Sales of goods have been ruled either by English Law or Civil Law, which has posed problems sometimes due to different approaches regarding certain principles and institutions. The 11th April 1980 Vienna Convention on international sale of goods tried to harmonise these differences with a codification technique, typical of Civil Law, giving privilege to rules of Civil Law most of the time but also introducing institutions from Common Law, that are not incompatible with Civil Law, as we will see. The general principles of Civil Law and Unidroit principles help with this harmonisation goal, integrating the rules of the CISG and also with the interpretation phase. The power of codification prevails over Common Law, giving certitude and sophistication to this matter, which is vital for global commerce
Inomata, Kazuna. "Le principe de légalité en droit international." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010306.
Full textBramban, Bernard. "Le principe pacta sunt servanda en droit du commerce international. : Etude critique d'un principe de droit transnational." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956171.
Full textBras, Pierre. "Le principe général de responsabilité pénale protecteur de l'intégrité de la personne d'autrui." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10020.
Full textMeillon, Dimitri. "La personnalité juridique internationale : analyse d'un facteur de structuration du discours juridique." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40043.
Full textDebaa, Audrey. "Le principe de proportionnalité en droit international humanitaire." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131036.
Full textIn international humanitarian law, applying the principle of proportionality involves two levels of legality concerning attacks. The principle of proportionality requires the limitation of the attacks to the strict necessity: attacks have to be limited to military objectives and conducted in accordance with precautionary duties. Recent armed conflict actors’ practice calls for a reaffirmation of the conditions to realize such dutides, constituting the framework for applying the principle. The second level of legality refers to the inherent function of the principle by requiring an assessment of the proportionality of the attack. Respecting proportionality in attacks prohibits causing predictable effects that are too significant on civilians and civilian property. Respecting this second level of legality in attacks is essential to realize the principle of distinction
Bouche, Nicolas. "Le principe de territorialité de la propriété intellectuelle /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389273944.
Full textClément, Eloi. "Les caractères de l’influence de la victime en droit pénal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G012/document.
Full textThe victim of the offense has some influence on the formation and qualification of it. Beyond their differences, the rules of criminal law and special evoking the victim have certain common characteristics , which leads to the conclusion that the influence of victim in criminal law is generally consistent , if not homogeneous . First, the criminal law generally allows to take into account that only factors relating to the personality or behavior of the victim which are knowned by the offender. The influence of the victim is a subjective . Only a few characteristics of the victim whose knowledge the agent would be too difficult to prove can be considered objectively . Second, the offense is a special event , distinct from other types of damage which the civil or administrative laws try to repair . Criminal victim is thus distinguished civil or administrative victims. This is why its influence obeys specific criminal criteria. There may be specific criteria criminal law . There are also existing criteria in other areas of law, but put together by the criminal law in a category of its own . However , criminal law is constructed by reference to the offender , the reference to the victim is a secondary variable. Criteria influence the victim sometimes deserve to be harmonized , especially as they vary in time and space . Every social organization promotes its own conception of criminal victim
Bouche, Nicolas Pollaud-Dulian Frédéric. "Le principe de territorialité de la propriété intellectuelle." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : Bagneux : l'Harmattan ; Numilog, 2002. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/univ-reims/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=30758.
Full textChrestia, Philippe. "Le principe d'intégrité territoriale." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN0053.
Full textMenétrey, Séverine. "L'Amicus curiae, vers un principe de droit international procédural?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26083/26083_1.pdf.
Full textSauvage, Nathalie. "Le principe de sécurité juridique en droit international privé." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUED001.
Full textMoine, André. "L'émergence d'un principe d'élections libres en droit international public." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20005.
Full textThe appearance to the demand for free elections in the international scene is bound to favorable circumstances: both the + decommunization; ant the weakness of some states allowed and justified this + proposition; Today, free elections form the subject - from the whole international actors - of conventions or resolutions representing real commitments or declarations of intentions, at local and universal level. Then, different pressures conditioning the diplomatic, or economic relationship, add further to the organization of free elections. At last, the states and diverse international organizations (among which is the UN) take part in giving concrete expression to this current free elections requirement. Does this report lead to the acknowledgment of any usual international law standard? Needing to organize free elections may find a double juridical foundation in the human right to political participation and in the self-determination of nations. Today, it's translated by an autonomous obligation of the state to hold free elections whose observance became international (thus establishing an international electoral law). Such a rule traditionally belongs to the strict state ; in the international juridical order its recognition clashes with the principles of non-interference in the internal affairs of the state and of constitutional autonomy. Moreover, as a norm which has an indirect state control impact, it meets some troubles in its application in the international order because its acceptation and adoption (as juridical as political) appear delicate. The weaknesses of the international juridical order and the adaptation of the model concerned, harm the mandatory character and the integration of this free elections principle. However, the obligation for the states to hold free elections despite of the fleeting demand and the tribulations political realities arose, trudge along the rank of norm of the usual international law, but its general character still clashes with the disparity - even more and more decreasing - of political systems
Menétrey, Séverine. "L'amicus curiae vers un principe de droit international procédural ?" Paris 2, 2008. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D10.
Full textHenzelin, Marc. "Le principe de l'universalité en droit pénal international : droit et obligation pour les Etats de poursuivre et juger selon le principe de l'universalité /." Bruxelles : Bruylant, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389069499.
Full textArion, Cristina-Maria. "Le principe de précaution. Aspects de droit international et européen." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111011.
Full textBedjeguelal, Algida. "Le principe d'égalité desfiliations." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33039.
Full textBocher, Frédérique. "L'application et l'interprétation du droit national par la juridiction communautaire." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA0004.
Full textIdeological literary contributions dedicated to the relationship between the Community legal system and the national legal system adopt the classic "community " position on the subject. Adopting Community legislation as their starting point, they examine what the effects are on the national legal system. The angle taken here is the one diametrically opposed to this classic approach. This approach reveals that the "end of system" approach to the relationship between National and Community law is no longer of any great heuristic value. What is new is that from now on the relationship between the legal orders and national and Community laws must be examined using and harmonising the unifying aspect of Community law as a yardstick. Sometimes questionably and on exceptional occasions ignoring the duality of the national and Community legal orders, when applying or interpreting national law in application of Community law, the Luxembourg court seeks to safeguard Community or even European legal uniformity, intending, at the same time, paradoxically, to promote this by voluntarily proceeding with almost identical operations
Zeumeue, Sime Rose Nicole. "L' intérêt général de l'humanité et le droit international de l'environnement." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO0527.
Full textGloglo, Midjohodo Franck. "Brevet pharmaceutique et intérêt général : essai sur la prise en compte de l’intérêt général en droits international, canadien et européen des brevets." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25806.
Full textAs far as we go back in history, protecting the public interest has always been associated with the patent system. However, the vagueness of the concept of public interest has very often raised a huge controversy about pharmaceutical patent, particularly the affordability of innovative and patented pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, no one can deny the usefulness of pharmaceutical innovations, and the patent system strongly contributes to fostering inventions in this sector. In fact, a patent is a legal tool favourable to socio-economic growth, and the need for patented inventions justifies their economic value. Therefore, the patent system cannot, as such, be viewed as hindering access to pharmaceutical innovations. According to major studies, first without the patent system, a very large proportion of pharmaceuticals would have never been brought to market, and second the exclusion or expiration of patents do not promote a massive purchase of pharmaceutical products. Furthermore, the patent monopoly has time limitation, and the ban of pharmaceutical patents will certainly be accompanied with a lack of investment in research and development activities in the sector. Moreover, the patent system provides flexibilties for access to innovative pharmaceuticals. In short, this dissertation breaks new ground, from a Law and economics perspective, by overturning the traditional understanding of pharmaceutical patents that have generally been viewed as contrary to the protection of the public interest. In fact, the notion that pharmaceutical patents protect and promote the public interest refers to their worthy scientific and socio-economic advantages.
Romain, Jean-François. "Théorie critique du principe général de bonne foi en droit privé: des atteintes à la bonne foi, en général, et de la fraude en particulier ("Fraus omnia corrumpit")." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212125.
Full textGermond, Laurent. "Les pouvoirs de l'organisation internationale employeur à l'épreuve des principes généraux dans la jurisprudence du tribunal administratif de l'Organisation internationale du travail." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020017.
Full textLagerwall, Anne. "Le principe ex injuria jus non oritur en droit international contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210413.
Full textDans une première partie, il s’agit de se demander si ce principe a été reconnu en droit international public, et dans l’affirmative d’en déterminer la portée juridique. La maxime ex injuria jus non oritur ne pouvant être réduite à une règle juridique particulière, la question qui se pose est plutôt de savoir si on peut la qualifier de principe du droit international public qui, sans constituer une source formelle de l’ordre juridique, permet d’expliquer la logique sous-jacente à certaines règles du droit international. Les expressions de ce principe visent d’abord des situations dans lesquelles on remet en cause la validité d’un acte juridique issu de la violation du droit international (invalidité du titre de souveraineté relatif à un territoire acquis ou occupé illégalement, invalidité de l’acte juridique adopté par une autorité illégale, nullité d’un traité dont la conclusion a été obtenue par une contrainte illicite, inadmissibilité comme preuve d’une déclaration obtenue sous la torture, invalidité d’une saisie ou d’une arrestation illégale, invalidité d’un ordre illégal émis par un supérieur hiérarchique). Dans une perspective parallèle, on retrouve le principe dans la règle selon laquelle la violation du droit international ne remet pas en cause sa validité, règle valable dans le domaine du droit des traités, de la coutume ou de la responsabilité internationale. A côté de cette dimension « objective » (dans la mesure où elle recouvre un problème de validité), une dimension plus « subjective » apparaît dans les relations entre sujets du droit international. Ainsi, l’auteur d’une violation du droit international ne peut s’en prévaloir pour revendiquer des droits, et doit plutôt en effacer les conséquences. De même, les Etats tiers ne peuvent reconnaître comme licite une situation résultant de la violation grave d’une norme impérative de droit international, ni ne peuvent prêter aide ou assistance au maintien de cette situation. A l’issue de la première partie de la thèse, on peut établir un constat nuancé :le principe ex injuria jus non oritur constitue un principe général, qui peut être induit de diverses règles de droit international positif, règles qu’il permet d’interpréter en en explicitant l’objet et le but. En même temps, cette existence ne peut être comprise que moyennant une définition stricte et limitée de ce principe, lequel ne prescrit pas, comme on aurait pu s’y attendre, qu’aucun droit ne puisse jamais résulter d’une violation du droit. En premier lieu, et au travers des différents exemples qui viennent d’être mentionnés, on peut remarquer que seules des violations graves —et non des irrégularités mineures— sont de nature à empêcher la création de droits (ainsi, par exemple, dans le domaine de la récolte de preuve). En second lieu, on remarque que seuls les droits qui découleraient directement (dans le sens où ils en consacreraient juridiquement les effets) d’une violation grave du droit ne peuvent être valablement reconnus (ainsi, par exemple, des actes quotidiens d’administration posés par un occupant illégal peuvent être reconnus, ces actes n’étant pas intrinsèquement liés à ce statut d’occupant illégal). Ce n’est que dans cette double mesure que l’on peut affirmer que, en droit international positif, il existe un principe général exprimé par la maxime ex injuria jus non oritur.
Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, le principe est confronté, d’une part (volet empirique) à des précédents dans lesquels il semble avoir été mis à mal (certaines situations semblant avoir résulté de violations graves du principe impératif de l’interdiction du recours à la force) et, d’autre part (volet théorique), à des théories du droit international susceptibles d’en expliquer à la fois le fonctionnement et les limites. Le volet empirique s’appuie sur une étude de cas :la reconnaissance du Bangladesh à la suite d’une intervention militaire de l’Inde au Pakistan, la reconnaissance des gouvernements installés au Cambodge à la suite de l’intervention militaire du Vietnam, la validité des accords conclus par la Yougoslavie à la suite de l’intervention militaire de l’OTAN, la reconnaissance du Kosovo en 2008, et l’administration de l’Irak après l’intervention militaire de 2003. Si le principe ex injuria jus non oritur est sans doute malmené dans les faits, il ne l’est pas dans le discours officiel des Etats, lesquels n’assument pas une remise en cause d’un principe dont ils reconnaissent par ailleurs (comme montré dans la première partie de la thèse) la validité. On peut se demander si cette tension entre un discours légaliste et une réalité parfois caractérisée par la force des effectivités, est susceptible d’être comprise au regard de certaines doctrines qui traitent des relations entre le fait et le droit. Ce volet spécifiquement théorique de la recherche consiste à examiner deux approches, par hypothèses opposées. La première pourrait suggérer une consécration du principe par le biais de la théorie normativiste élaborée par Hans Kelsen. Selon cette théorie, le droit (international) se définirait comme un ensemble cohérent de normes, chaque norme juridique tirant sa validité d’une autre norme juridique valide, ce qui semble exclure qu’une norme puisse s’appuyer sur une violation du droit. A l’analyse, le normativisme paraît néanmoins réfractaire à une reconnaissance du principe ex injuria jus non oritur, la validité du droit ne pouvant être détachée de toute considération fondée sur l’effectivité, et celle-ci pouvant même le cas échéant aboutir à la consécration d’une situation résultant d’une violation du droit. A l’opposé, on pourrait s’attendre à ce que l’approche critique, définie par référence aux travaux de l’ « école de Reims » qui se sont développés autour de Charles Chaumont, rejette ex injuria jus non oritur comme une maxime formaliste et fictive, la force du fait, et plus spécifiquement du rapport de forces, prévalant dans la réalité sociale comme facteur générateur de la création et de l’interprétation de la règle de droit. Ici encore, on détecte une certaine ambiguïté chez les auteurs analysés, lesquels ont recours en certaines occasions au droit comme à un instrument de lutte qui s’opposerait à la force et à la puissance. Finalement, la confrontation des approches normativiste et critique laisse apparaître un fil conducteur :le principe ex injuria jus non oritur n’est que le révélateur des difficultés, non seulement en pratique (comme l’a montré le volet empirique) mais aussi en théorie, de concilier les exigences idéalistes du respect du droit avec les impératifs réalistes de prendre en compte la force du fait.
En conclusion, le principe ex injuria jus non oritur se caractérise surtout par cette tension entre le droit et le fait, qui permet également d’expliquer les ambiguïtés observées dans la première partie, le principe n’étant admis en droit positif que moyennant une définition restrictive ouvrant à une certaine souplesse. Cette tension renvoie d’ailleurs à la question de l’existence même du droit international, lequel peut être présenté comme une forme sophistiquée de discours, et non comme un corps de règles régissant effectivement la réalité sociale. Dans cette perspective, il est intéressant de constater que, au-delà des stratégies discursives des Etats qui tentent de justifier certains faits accomplis sans remettre en cause le principe de légalité, il est certains précédents (comme celui du Bangladesh) où ces Etats restent tout simplement silencieux par rapport à cette question. Ainsi, l’analyse du principe ex injuria jus non oritur à l’épreuve de la pratique internationale tendrait peut-être, non pas à reconnaître la portée du principe en toute hypothèse, mais à montrer qu’au-delà d’un certain seuil de tension, le droit disparaît dans la mesure où le discours qui s’y rapporte disparaît. En définitive, la tension entre la légalité (l’existence formelle d’un ordre juridique international) et l’effectivité (laquelle ne témoigne pas toujours de l’existence de cet ordre juridique) est aussi celle qui habite le spécialiste de droit de droit international, parfois confronté aux limites de son activité et de sa discipline.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bouche, Nicolas. "Le principe de territorialité de la propriété intellectuelle." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOD010.
Full textThe principle of territoriality, for a long time, a key-word of the intellectual property in French law as in the foreign laws. However, it is also o nation whose ambiguity is still huge regarding its meaning, its ground or its consequences. It is therefore the object of this thesis to understand this principle through two of its most important meanings l the “principle of territoriality of limitation” according to which a right exists and is effective only on the territory covered by the legal order which has crated it, and the “principle of territoriality of conflit of laws” according to which the international private law of the intellectual property is governed by the law of the country for which territory the existence and the effect of a right of intellectual property are claimed
Das Territorialitäsprinzig ist seit langer Zeit ein Schlüsselbegriff für das Recht des geistigen Eigentums, im französischen Recht ebenso wie in den ausländischen Rechtsordnungen. Sein Inhalt, seine Begründung oder seine Wirkungen sind jedoch immer vieldeutig geblieben. Es ist also Gengenstand dieser Dissertation, dieses schwierig zu fassende Prinzip über seine zwei wichtigsten Ausprägungen näher zu untersuche : das “Territorialitätsprinzig der Beschränkung”, nach dem ein subjektives Recht raümlich nur innerhalb dem Territorium dur Rechtsordnung besteht und wirkt, die dieses subjektive Recht geschaffen hat, und das “Territorialitätsprinzig des Kollisionsrechts”, welches besagt daB das Recht jeweils desjenigen Landes anzuwenden ist, für dessen Gebiet die Existenz und di Wirkung eines subjektiven Immaterialgüterrechts in Anspruch genommen sind
Le principe de territorialité est, depuis longtemps, une notion-clé de la propriété intellectuelle, tant dans le droit français que dans les droits étrangers. C’est également une notion dont l'ambiguïté est cependant restée immense, qu'il s'agisse de son sens, de son fondement ou de ses conséquences. C'est donc l'objet de cette thèse que de cerner cet "illustre inconnu" et ce, à travers ses deux acceptions les plus importantes : le "principe de territorialité de limitation" selon lequel un droit subjectif n'a d'existence et d'effet géographiquement que sur le territoire couvert par l'ordre juridique qui l'a créé, et le "principe de territorialité de conflit de lois" selon lequel le droit international de la propriété intellectuelle est régi par le droit du pays pour le territoire duquel sont revendiqués l'existence et l'effet d'un droit subjectif de propriété intellectuelle
Lelouvier, Aude. "Le principe d'égalité en droit international privé : essai d'une approche systémique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10033/document.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Tănăsescu, Elena Simina. "Le principe constitutionnel d'égalité en droit roumain." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32031.
Full textThe constitutional principle of equality in romanian law does not restrict too much the legislative action still represents an effective instrument for the constitutional judge and reminds the similar principles as presented in comparative law. Its applications within different branches of romanian law make it the "engine" of the constitutionalisation process noticed at this national egal system
Kivilcim, Forsman Zeynep. "Génie génétique et droit international." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020067.
Full textBeaudouin, Anouche. "L'applicabilité du principe de l'uti possidetis aux sécessions." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100164.
Full textIt seems impossible to justify the applicability of uti possidetis to secessions by separating the mode by which States become independent from their title to territory of from the delimitation of their boundaries, in a way to escape effectivity. This justification imposes to face the arguments of the existence of a contradiction between uti possidetis and the neutrality of international law in the matter of secessions. Uti possidetis does not contravene that neutrality : internal acts are only elements of proof of the emplacement of the old administrative limits, so uti possidetis does not give effect to invalid acts. ; uti possidetis is an interpretation of effectivity in the matter of secession.The reference to administrative entities is the only interpretation with which effectivity can determine the territory of the new State : only uti possidetis makes it possible to affirm that, in case of secession, effectivity determines the existence of the State as its territory. Effectivity produces its effects since the beginning of the process of access to independence and uti possidetis intervenes since that moment to regulate that process in a way compatible with international law. Effectivity determines the existence and the territory of the State at the same time as it regulate the process of its formation ; effectivity defines and regulates at one and the same time