Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Principle of minimum potential energy'
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Warren, Patricia F. "A mathematical model of knee kinematics utilizing the principle of minimum energy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA351258.
Full textThesis advisor(s): Young L. Kwon, William B. Maier. "June 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 65). Also available online.
Sharma, Oruganti Prashanth. "A practical implementation of a near optimal energy management strategy based on the Pontryagin's minimum principle in a PHEV." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337626310.
Full textSampaio, Maria do Socorro Martins. "Análise não linear geométrica de cascas laminadas reforçadas com fibras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-14032014-153137/.
Full textIn general, the Finite Element (FE) formulations available in the literature for the analysis of fibre reinforced laminated shells replace the original heterogeneous medium by an equivalent homogeneous one, which makes difficult the identification of fiber-matrix stress distribution, or require that the finite element mesh is arranged in a way that the fibre finite element nodes coincide with the shell finite element ones, which is a very restrictive requirement and increases the number of degrees of freedom of the resulting system of equations. In this sense, the objective of this thesis is to develop a formulation for the inclusion of long and random short fibres in any layer of FE laminated anisotropic shells developing large displacement and rotations without increasing the number of degrees of freedom and the necessity of matching nodes in the discretization of the fibre and the matrix. In this formulation, the triangular laminated shell finite element used to discretize the matrix has ten nodes and seven degrees of freedom per node, that are, three translations, three components of a generalized vector and the linear rate of strain variation along the thickness. The curved fibres, long or random short, are introduced in any layer of the laminate shell by means of kinematic relation to ensure its adherence to the matrix without introducing new degrees of freedom in the resulting system of equations. To discretize them, any order one-dimensional finite elements with three degrees of freedom per node are used. These fibres elements are consistently considered by Geometric nonlinearity. All involved variables are written with respect to the initial configuration of the body, characterizing the Total Lagrangian description. To model the behavior of the material we use the Saint-VenantKirchhoff Constitutive Law that relates linearly the second Piolla-Kirchhoff stress tensor and Green-Lagrange strain tensor. The equilibrium is achieved from the Principle of Minimum Potential Energy and the non-linear system of equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure. External loads may be introduced to the system by one or various steps and the contribution of fibres to the energy of the system is added to the global matrix of the problem. The numerical examples validate and demonstrate the potential of the proposed formulation.
Parsa, Maryam. "Optimum Decision Policy for Gradual Replacement of Conventional Power Sources by Clean Power Sources." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24015.
Full textMaamria, Djamaleddine. "Méthodes d’optimisation dynamique de systèmes à plusieurs états pour l'efficacité énergétique automobile." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0024/document.
Full textEnergy management system (EMS) for hybrid vehicles consists on determining the power split between the different energy sources in order to minimize the overall fuel consumption and/or pollutant emissions of the vehicle. The objective of this thesis is to develop an EMS taking into account the internal temperatures (engine temperature and/or catalyst temperature). In a first part and using a prior knowledge of vehicle driving cycle, the EMS design is formulated as an optimal control problem. Then, the PMP is used to solve this optimization problem. Based on the obtained numerical results, some trade-off between performance of the control strategy and complexity of the model used to calculate this strategy is established. The various problems studied in this thesis are examples of successive model simplifications which can be recast in the concept of regular perturbations in optimal control under input constraints discussed here. In a second part, the feedback law of ECMS is generalized to include thermal dynamics. This defines sub-optimal feedback strategies which we have tested numerically and experimentally
Idrissi, Hassani Azami Hamza. "Commande Prédictive optimale temps-réel, appliquée au contrôle de véhicules automobiles hybrides connectés à leurs environnements." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0105.
Full textThe automotive sector has been one of the most CO2 emitting sectors over the past century. The solution considered, to limit vehicle emissions, is the electrification of the power train. The hybrid electric vehicle offers the best compromise to meet the ecological challenges of the automotive industry. The hybrid electric powertrain consists of two engines: an internal combustion engine, powered by fuel, and an electric motor powered by a battery. These two motors must ensure the driver's power demand. The energy is distributed between the two engines in real time in order to minimize fuel consumption. This thesis proposes the study of an optimization-based method to find the most efficient combination of the two engines. The proposed methodology seeks to reconcile the search for a mathematical optimum with the constraints of the real-time implementation, using the theory of optimal control, and the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The search for a mathematical optimum presupposes the knowledge of a prediction on the driver's future power demands. These predictions can be formed through the vehicle's connectivity (intelligent GPS e-Horizon for example). First, the method is studied with the hypothesis of a completely reliable prediction. Through simulation comparisons, we have found that the proposed method can achieve the global optimum provided by a dynamic programming algorithm. By formulating the optimization problem with different simplifying assumptions on the battery model, it appears that the use of a constant voltage model does not alter the optimality of the solution, if the battery's energy capacity is high enough. The use of this simplified model may help to speed up calculations, especially when it is necessary to consider the uncertainties of predictions. Moreover, under the assumption of reliable predictions, the method shows robustness to the inaccuracies of the model used. To take into account the uncertainty of the power demands prediction, random variables are introduced in the model. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle theorem, the uncertainties of the predictions affect fuel consumption only through the battery’s state of charge at the end of the trip. Instead of validating a prediction by comparing it with the actual values of the power demand, the uncertainty is transferred to the electrical energy and the final state of charge of the battery. The predictions probabilistic model determines the predictions horizon length. Normally distributed predictions, and predictions based on Markov chains are studied. These two models allow prediction horizons of 2-3 min over which our optimization method based on optimal control is applied in real time. The proposed probabilistic method is general and is not limited to the probabilistic models studied. Based on the principles outlined in this thesis, by increasing the accuracy of the predictions model, it will be possible to use larger prediction horizons, which means better fuel economy and lower CO2 missions
Jiang, Qi. "Gestion énergétique de véhicules hybrides par commande optimale stochastique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS011/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a comparative study between four recent real-time energy management strategies (EMS) applied to a hybrid electric vehicle and to a fuel cell vehicle applications: rule-based strategy (RBS), adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), optimal control law (OCL) and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) associated to driving cycle modeling by Markov chains. Pontryagin’s minimum principle and dynamic programming are applied to off-line optimization to provide reference results. Implementation and parameters setting issues are discussed for each strategy and a genetic algorithm is employed for A-ECMS calibration.The EMS robustness is evaluated using different types of driving cycles and a statistical analysis is conducted using random cycles generated by Markov process. Simulation and experimental results lead to the following conclusions. The easiest methods to implement (RBS and OCL) give rather high fuel consumption. SDP has the best overall performance in real-world driving conditions. It achieves the minimum average fuel consumption while perfectly respecting the state-sustaining constraint. A-ECMS results are comparable to SDP’s when using parameters well-adjusted to the upcoming driving cycle, but lacks robustness. Using parameter sets adjusted to the type of driving conditions (urban, road and highway) did help to improve A-ECMS performances
Miro, Padovani Thomas. "Loi de gestion d'énergie embarquée pour véhicules hybrides : approche multi-objectif et modulaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2047/document.
Full textThe hybrid electric vehicle uses two different energy sources to propel itself: fuel as well as a reversible electric storage system. The energy management strategy aims at supervising the power flows inside the powertrain by choosing the operating points of the different components so as to optimize a given criterion. The energy management strategy is formulated as an optimal control problem where the criterion to be minimized takes into account the total fuel consumption of the vehicle on the considered trip. The optimal solution can be calculated off-line when the vehicle’s mission is perfectly known, an assumption no longer admissible for an embedded strategy whose main objective is to get as close as possible to the optimal result. The work presented in this manuscript highlights the potential of multi-objective optimal control to handle the features’ trade-offs inherent to the development of production vehicle. An energy management strategy taking into account the trade-off between fuel consumption and drivability, as well as one dealing with the trade-off between fuel consumption and battery state of health, are proposed. The presented strategies share a modular approach following the transversal solution of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). As a result, the control policy of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the Mild-Hybrid, together with complex hybrid architectures provided with an automated transmission, two electric machines or two electric storage systems, is tackled through a common base. This approach allows to reduce the development period of the energy management strategies which shares a maximum of common elements
Michel, Pierre. "Gestion d'énergie d’un véhicule hybride électrique-essence équipé d'un catalyseur par minimisation conjointe consommation-pollution : étude et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2006.
Full textIn hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, the energy management strategies determine the distribution of engine and motor energy flows with fuel consumption reduction as classical objective. Furthermore, to comply with pollutant emissions standards, SI engines are equipped with 3-Way Catalytic Converters (3WCC) heated by exhaust gases. When 3WCC temperature is over the light-off temperature, engine pollutant emissions are almost totally converted. Most of the pollution is produced at the vehicle start, when the 3WCC is cold and the engine pollution is not converted. The 3WCC heating is thus the key aspect of the pollutant emissions. This dissertation proposes an approach to take into account pollutant emissions in energy management. The hybrid electric vehicle is considered as a dynamic system with two states, the battery state of charge and 3WCC temperature. A dynamic optimization problem is defined, minimizing an original criterion weighting judiciously fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Optimal control theory, with the Pontryaguine Minimum and Bellman principles, allows solving this optimization problem. Optimal strategies are derived and simulated with a vehicle model including a multi-zones 3WCC thermal model, experimentally validated, which simulates precisely the 3WCC heating. The compromise between fuel consumption and pollutant emissions is explored. Then, an innovative 3WCC heating strategy is proposed and validated experimentally in a HyHIL (Hybrid Hardware In the loop) environment. A significant reduction of the pollutant emissions is obtained, strengthening the dynamic optimal approach to set up the energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles
Nguyen, Tran Anh-Tu. "Outils de commande avancés pour les applications automobiles." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0037/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the development of some advanced control design tools for a class of nonlinear systems in general and for automotive systems in particular.Motivated by automotive applications, Part I proposes some novel theoretical results on control design for nonlinear systems under Takagi-Sugeno form subject to the control input saturation. The input saturation is dealt with by using its polytopic representation or an anti-windup strategy.Part II deals with our automotive application concerning the control of a turbocharged air system of a spark ignition engine. To this end, two novel control approaches are proposed in this part. For the first one, the theoretical design tool on switching Takagi-Sugeno controller developed in Part I is directly applied. The second one is based on a robust feedback linearization control technique. The originality of these MIMO approaches consist in their simplicity and effectiveness compared to other ones existing in the literature.Part III aims at developing the strategies, which are based on the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle in optimal control theory, for the energy management of the vehicular electric power systems in a hybrid engine configuration. To this end, both offline optimization approach using the future information of driving conditions and online implementable one have been developed and evaluated in an advanced simulator
Simon, Antoine. "Optimisation énergétique de chaînes de traction hybrides essence et Diesel sous contrainte de polluants : Étude et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2010.
Full textPowertrain hybridization is a solution that has been adopted in order to conform to future standards for emissions regulations. The supervisory strategy of the hybrid powertrain divides the power emitted between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine. In past studies, this strategy has typically responded to an optimization problem with the objective of reducing consumption. However, in addition to this, it is now necessary to take pollutant emissions into account as well. The after-treatment system, placed in the exhaust of the engine, is able to reduce pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. It is efficient from a certain temperature threshold, and the temperature of the system is dependent on the heat brought by the exhaust gas of the engine. The first part of this dissertation is aimed at modelling the energy consumption and pollutant emissions of the hybrid powertrain. The efficiency model of the after-treatment system is adapted for use in two different contexts. The zero-dimensional model conforms to the constraints of the optimal control calculation. The one-dimensional model associated with a state estimator can be embedded in a vehicle and calculated in real time. From this work, the second part of this dissertation deduces supervisory strategies from the optimal control theory. On the one hand, Bellman’s principle is used to calculate the optimal control of a Diesel hybrid vehicle using different supervisory criteria, each having more or less information about the after-treatment system efficiency over NOX emissions. On the other hand, a strategy from Pontryagin’s minimum principle, embedded in a gasoline hybrid vehicle, running in real time and calibrated with two parameters, is proposed. The whole of this work is validated experimentally on an engine test bed and shows a significant reduction in pollutant emissions for a slight fuel consumption penalty
Shih, Yen-Chia, and 施彥嘉. "Minimum zone torisity using minimum potential energy algorithms." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zfp3hn.
Full text國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
100
In this paper, minimum zone evaluation of torus using minimum potential energy algorithms. Minimum zone error based on looking for minimum potential energy of the system. The virtual system consists of two coaxial, same center,and same distance form the center of the tube to the center of the torus. All data points are enclosed within two fictitious torus surface. When the system spring to promote the approximation of two torus surfaces in the process of contraction. Therefore, the virtual system towards the direction of minimum elastic potential energy. Finally, the system reaches stable state with minimum potential energy. Normal deviation between such two torus surfaces becomes minimum zone error. This paper presented an adjustment form error strategy based on minimum potential energy algorithms. For solving the problem of high dimensions and large number of data points, experimental results will be obtained in a shorter computing time. The control experiment results evaluated by different method such as particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, indicate that effectiveness of proposed method.
Huang, Pei-Hsing, and 黃培興. "Analysis of minimum zone conicity error utilizing minimum potential energy theory." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27385508133536574442.
Full text國立中興大學
機械工程學系
92
This research proposes a novel approach for evaluating the conicity based on the principle of minimum potential energy. The minimum zone conical form error problem is resolved by modeling it with an unreal mechanical system and finding the minimum elastic potential energy of it. The sufficient and necessary condition of the minimum zone criteria is derived, and a computational algorithm is demonstrated. In this unreal mechanical system, a group of fabricated supports are located at position of each measured data points resided. All supports are enclosed by two fictitious spring-connected conical surfaces with a common axis and vertex angle. The model of the system in this study is a nonlinear one. At first, the initial solution of the nonlinear system is determined by method of least squares. Secondly, the active seven data points or supports are chosen from the measured data points according to the proposed criterion. The spring in the system will contract and the potential energy of the unreal mechanical system formed by these active data supports will decrease naturally. The system reduces the potential energy by changing the active supports alternatively. Finally, the system will reach a stable state with minimum potential energy. A direct searching technique for finding the minimum zone solution is also recommended. The gap between such two conical surfaces is the minimum zone of conical form error.
Yi-TengChang and 張益騰. "Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Potential by Using Artificial Neural Network and Nonlinear Energy Dissipation Principle." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48801658667734863916.
Full text國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
98
The soil liquefaction is always the important topics in the discipline of Geotechnical Engineering. Many methods related to evaluation of the potential of the soil liquefaction have been developed. However, the Simplified Empirical method the one that is much more common used both in academic and in practice. Since Nemat-Nasser and Shokooh in 1979 proposed the principle of relations between dissipation of seismic energy and the increment of pore water pressure during earthquake, the method on the basis of the seismic energy concept has become the mainstream on evaluation of the soil liquefaction potential. By referring the principle of the nonlinear energy dissipation that proposed by Berrill and Davis in 1985 and the liquefaction energy that calculated from the hysteresis loop obtained from the soil cyclic triaxial tests in laboratory, the neural network model is used in this study to simulate the liquefaction energy in field. The framework of the model is found by the auto trial and error process. And by associating with the statistical discriminant method, the critical line judging the occurrence of the soil liquefaction can be developed. With the 91% of success rate of the liquefaction assessment, the proposed neural network model is fair reasonable and suitable for the practice in geotechnical engineering.
Borodachov, Sergiy. "Asymptotic results for the minimum energy and best packing problems on rectifiable sets." Diss., 2006. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-06212006-125022/.
Full textScellier, Benjamin. "A deep learning theory for neural networks grounded in physics." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25593.
Full textIn the last decade, deep learning has become a major component of artificial intelligence, leading to a series of breakthroughs across a wide variety of domains. The workhorse of deep learning is the optimization of loss functions by stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Traditionally in deep learning, neural networks are differentiable mathematical functions, and the loss gradients required for SGD are computed with the backpropagation algorithm. However, the computer architectures on which these neural networks are implemented and trained suffer from speed and energy inefficiency issues, due to the separation of memory and processing in these architectures. To solve these problems, the field of neuromorphic computing aims at implementing neural networks on hardware architectures that merge memory and processing, just like brains do. In this thesis, we argue that building large, fast and efficient neural networks on neuromorphic architectures also requires rethinking the algorithms to implement and train them. We present an alternative mathematical framework, also compatible with SGD, which offers the possibility to design neural networks in substrates that directly exploit the laws of physics. Our framework applies to a very broad class of models, namely those whose state or dynamics are described by variational equations. This includes physical systems whose equilibrium state minimizes an energy function, and physical systems whose trajectory minimizes an action functional (principle of least action). We present a simple procedure to compute the loss gradients in such systems, called equilibrium propagation (EqProp), which requires solely locally available information for each trainable parameter. Since many models in physics and engineering can be described by variational principles, our framework has the potential to be applied to a broad variety of physical systems, whose applications extend to various fields of engineering, beyond neuromorphic computing.