Relevant bibliographies by topics / Principle of tolerance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Principle of tolerance'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

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Richardson, Alan, and Dan Isaacson. "Carnap's Principle of Tolerance." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 68, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/68.1.67.

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Charlton, Bruce G. "Jacob Bronowski’s principle of tolerance." Medical Hypotheses 70, no. 2 (January 2008): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.028.

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Лисенко, Н. Г. "ВИХОВАННЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ В УЧНІВ ШКІЛ ФРАНЦІЇ У КОНТЕКСТІ МОРАЛЬНОЇ ТА ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ." Теорія та методика навчання та виховання, no. 47 (2019): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23128046.2019.47.05.

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Tolerance is one of the important values of the French education system that is brought up at school. Transferring values is the mission of the school along with the transfer of knowledge and skills. The need for fostering tolerance in French school students is driven by the current political and socio-economic situation in France. The rise in manifestations of intolerance, violence, xenophobia, racism in society has led the state to take active steps in public education, in particular, to introduce such a compulsory subject as moral and civic education. The purpose of the article is to highlight the experience of fostering tolerance in French secondary schools in the context of the school subject of "moral and civic education". The process of education of tolerance through the prism of moral and civic education is considered in the article. By analyzing the content of the curriculum, as well as methods such as synthesis, generalization, systematization, structural method, the basic approaches to the education of tolerance, the corresponding principles of moral and civic education, as well as the components by which the introduction of tolerance to the students of French schools are highlighted. Educating tolerance in French secondary schools is a systematic, ongoing process organized at the state level. It is implemented, inter alia, through the teaching of the compulsory subject of "moral and civic education", which covers all students from elementary to high school. Education of tolerance is carried out in accordance with the principles of moral and civic education (principle of autonomy, principle of discipline, principle of coexistence, principle of community) and is based on the values of the French Republic. According to the principles of moral and civic education, the following approaches to the cultivation of tolerance have been identified: sensitive, normative, cognitive and practical. Each of these approaches has different components, such as sensitivity, judgment, law and rule, obligation and responsibility. They find their practice in the subject of "moral and civic education".
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Kirillov, Dmitriy A., and Ekaterina G. Sechenova. "Constitution-law study of the concept of “tolerance” in the UN documents in connection with the adoption of the Resolution on religious tolerance." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 26, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-4-227-232.

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Before 12.12.2018 in the official UN documents, the English-language concept of "tolerance" always corresponded to the Russian-language concept of «forbearance». Both these concepts were used to denote the optimal principle of relationships between people with different immanent features (hereinafter – "the optimal principle of relationships"). However, starting with 12.12.2018, the English-language concept of "tolerance" corresponds not only to the concept of «forbearance» in the Russian-language UN documents, but also to the concept of «tolerance» proper. The existence of such dualism creates difficulties in interpreting the provisions of the Russian Constitution on human rights and other laws. Therefore, it became necessary to understand which of the two concepts is more consistent with the content of the "optimal principle of relations". The study examined scientific sources, more than two thousand documents in the official languages of the UN, and examined the relationship between the concepts of "tolerance": "forbearance" and "tolerance" proper in official documents. Conclusions were made that it is not possible to definitely establish from documents in Russian which of the concepts is more consistent with the content of the "optimal principle of relationships"; from the content of the UN documents in all languages, as well as scientific papers, it follows that semantically this principle corresponds to the concept of «tolerance». The full description of the principle is presented in the document "Declaration of the Principles of Tolerance"; this allows the content of the declaration to be used in interpreting article 2 and other provisions of the Constitution.
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Sweeney, Paula. "CONTEXTUALISM AND THE PRINCIPLE OF TOLERANCE." Grazer Philosophische Studien 90, no. 1 (2014): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004298767_018.

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Yap, Audrey. "Feminism and Carnap's Principle of Tolerance." Hypatia 25, no. 2 (2010): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01080.x.

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The logical empiricists often appear as a foil for feminist theories. Their emphasis on the individualistic nature of knowledge and on the value-neutrality of science seems directly opposed to most feminist concerns. However, several recent works have highlighted aspects of Carnap's views that make him seem like much less of a straightforwardly positivist thinker. Certain of these aspects lend themselves to feminist concerns much more than the stereotypical picture would imply.
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Yang, Charles. "Some consequences of the Tolerance Principle." Epistemological issue with keynote article “A Formalist Perspective on Language Acquisition” by Charles Yang 8, no. 6 (November 26, 2018): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.00022.yan.

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Dau, Paolo. "Ideal Languages and Carnap’s Principle of Tolerance." International Studies in Philosophy 17, no. 3 (1985): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil198517316.

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Hudson, Robert. "Carnap, the Principle of Tolerance, and Empiricism*." Philosophy of Science 77, no. 3 (July 2010): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652960.

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Kapatsinski, Vsevolod. "On the intolerance of the Tolerance Principle." Epistemological issue with keynote article “A Formalist Perspective on Language Acquisition” by Charles Yang 8, no. 6 (November 26, 2018): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.18052.kap.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

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Friedman-Biglin, Noah. "Carnap's conventionalism : logic, science, and tolerance." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6334.

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In broadest terms, this thesis is concerned to answer the question of whether the view that arithmetic is analytic can be maintained consistently. Lest there be much suspense, I will conclude that it can. Those who disagree claim that accounts which defend the analyticity of arithmetic are either unable to give a satisfactory account of the foundations of mathematics due to the incompleteness theorems, or, if steps are taken to mitigate incompleteness, then the view loses the ability to account for the applicability of mathematics in the sciences. I will show that this criticism is not successful against every view whereby arithmetic is analytic by showing that the brand of "conventionalism" about mathematics that Rudolf Carnap advocated in the 1930s, especially in Logical Syntax of Language, does not suffer from these difficulties. There, Carnap develops an account of logic and mathematics that ensures the analyticity of both. It is based on his famous "Principle of Tolerance", and so the major focus of this thesis will to defend this principle from certain criticisms that have arisen in the 80 years since the book was published. I claim that these criticisms all share certain misunderstandings of the principle, and, because my diagnosis of the critiques is that they misunderstand Carnap, the defense I will give is of a primarily historical and exegetical nature. Again speaking broadly, the defense will be split into two parts: one primarily historical and the other argumentative. The historical section concerns the development of Carnap's views on logic and mathematics, from their beginnings in Frege's lectures up through the publication of Logical Syntax. Though this material is well-trod ground, it is necessary background for the second part. In part two we shift gears, and leave aside the historical development of Carnap's views to examine a certain family of critiques of it. We focus on the version due to Kurt Gödel, but also explore four others found in the literature. In the final chapter, I develop a reading of Carnap's Principle - the `wide' reading. It is one whereby there are no antecedent constraints on the construction of linguistic frameworks. I argue that this reading of the principle resolves the purported problems. Though this thesis is not a vindication of Carnap's view of logic and mathematics tout court, it does show that the view has more plausibility than is commonly thought.
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Старчун, Я. М. "Реалізація принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23133.

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Старчун, Я. М. Реалізація принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 262 "Правоохоронна діяльність" / Я. М. Старчун ; керівник роботи О. А. Марущак ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра правоохоронної діяльності та загальноправових дисциплін. – Чернігів, 2021. – 65 с.
Актуальність дослідження зумовлена недостатньою науковою розробленістю проблеми реалізації принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності, і тому вона потребує вивчення та аналізу як на практичному, так і на науковому рівнях. В розділі 1 здійснено теоретичний аналіз принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності. Обгрунтовано, що принципи рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності – об’єктивно властиві цьому виду діяльності відправні засади, начала, вимоги, що ставляться перед правоохоронцями та виражають найважливіші закономірності і підвалини відносин у системі «громадянин-правоохоронний орган». Автор прийшов до висновку, що наявність міжнародних стандартів щодо утвердження принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у сфері правоохоронної діяльності підтверджують існування універсальних уявлень про важливість даних принципів. Розділ 2 присвячений дослідженню порушення принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності та його профілактики. Окремо акцентована увага на такому явищі як етнічний профайлінг. У розділі 3 дипломної роботи проведене дослідження практики національних органів та ЄСПЛ у сфері реалізації принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в здійсненні автором комплексного дослідження проблеми реалізації принципів рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності; обґрунтовано, що принципи рівності, толерантності і недискримінації у правоохоронній діяльності – об’єктивно властиві цьому виду діяльності відправні засади, начала, вимоги, що ставляться перед правоохоронцями та виражають найважливіші закономірності і підвалини відносин у системі «громадянин-правоохоронний орган».
The relevance of the study is due to insufficient scientific development of the problem of implementation of the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement, and therefore it needs to be studied and analyzed at both practical and scientific levels. Section 1 of the work provides a theoretical analysis of the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement. It is substantiated that the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement are objectively inherent in this type of starting principles, principles, requirements for law enforcement and express the most important laws and foundations of relations in the system "citizen-law enforcement". The author came to the conclusion that the existence of international standards for the establishment of the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement confirms the existence of universal ideas about the importance of these principles. Section 2 is devoted to the study of violations of the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement and its prevention. Special attention is paid to such a phenomenon as ethnic profiling. Section 3 of the master's thesis examines the practice of national authorities and the ECtHR in the implementation of the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the author's comprehensive study of the problem of implementing the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement; It is substantiated that the principles of equality, tolerance and non-discrimination in law enforcement are objectively inherent in this type of starting principles, principles, requirements for law enforcement officers and express the most important laws and foundations of relations in the system «citizen-law enforcement agency».
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Tranjan, Tiago. "Carnap e a natureza da lógica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-15032010-100041/.

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Em The Logical Syntax of Language (1937) R. Carnap elabora o seu Princípio de Tolerância Lógica. Trata-se de um princípio lógico-filosófico de grande alcance, que condensa as posições mais consistentes do autor acerca do significado filosófico da pesquisa em lógica formal. A despeito do fracasso do projeto geral de uma filosofia sintática, esse princípio permaneceu como base de todo o pensamento posterior de Carnap. Mais do que isso, influenciou boa parte do melhor trabalho realizado em lógica até hoje, tendo deixado marcas duradouras sobre a filosofia analítica. Neste trabalho, buscamos examinar a origem do Princípio de Tolerância no pensamento de Carnap, como melhor caminho para estabelecer seu significado e implicações.
In The Logical Syntax of Language (1937) R. Carnap develops his Principle of Tolerance in Logic. This is a far-reaching principle for the whole philosophy of logic, and which sums up Carnaps most consistent tenets concerning the philosophical meaning of research in formal logic. Despite the failure of the general project of a syntactical philosophy, the Principle of Tolerance remained the basis for the whole of Carnaps subsequent thought. Moreover, it proved influential in a good deal of the most important work done in logic to this day; it also left permanent traces in analytic philosophy. In this work, we aim at examining the origins of the Tolerance Principle in Carnaps thought, as the best way to establish its significance and implications.
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Jatene, Karina Kassis dos Reis. "O politicamente correto e a Constituição de 1988: liberdade de expressão e minorias." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7085.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Kassis dos Reis Jatene.pdf: 1917172 bytes, checksum: 43567ec0fed75afbc41ceaa70138eb2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18
Pontificia Universidade de São Paulo
The theme to be developed is related to the fundamental right to freedom of expression against the right to non-discrimination of minorities, from the perspective of "political correctness". It is intended to highlight the restrictions on freedom of expression resulting from it, minority protection movement. From another angle, freedom of expression does not allow hate speech or incitement to violence. The promotion of tolerance in a multicultural society is the scenario that is aimed. Freedom as an institute, from which stems the freedom of expression in all its aspects (freedom of expression of thought, freedom of conscience, belief and religious worship, freedom of communication and information) as well as the restrictions imposed on this fundamental right, will be analyzed in the first chapter. The second chapter is dedicated to the minority race and ethnicity; woman; people with disability and sexual orientation. The reasons that characterize these groups as minority and vulnerable, as well as the scope of national and international protection will be expounded. The "political correctness" is the theme of the third chapter. It is a protective movement of minorities that develops primarily in the behavioral quadrant and freedom of expression. In the fourth chapter multiculturalism is studied, an outstanding feature of contemporary Western society. The diversity and coexistence - voluntary or involuntary - of different social groups is the main reason to intolerance. The fifth and final chapter is devoted to the highlight of the right of opinion and dissent, and its essential nature to democracy. It is also developed an explanation about the principle of proportionality as a method to weigh the fundamental rights at stake, to illuminate the tortuous path in the search for coexistence of divergences
A temática a ser desenvolvida está relacionada ao direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão frente ao direito de não discriminação das minorias, sob a ótica do politicamente correto . Pretende-se destacar as restrições impostas à liberdade de expressão oriundas desse movimento de proteção das minorias. Por outro ângulo, a liberdade de expressão não autoriza o discurso do ódio ou a incitação à violência. Almeja-se a promoção da tolerância no cenário multicultural. A liberdade como instituto gênero, do qual decorre a liberdade de expressão, em todas as suas vertentes (liberdade de manifestação do pensamento; liberdade de consciência, de crença e de culto religioso; liberdade de comunicação e informação), assim como as restrições impostas a esse direito fundamental, serão analisadas no primeiro capítulo. O segundo capítulo dedica-se às minorias: raça e etnia; mulher; pessoa com deficiência e orientação sexual. Serão expostas as razões que caracterizam esses grupos como minoritários e vulneráveis, bem como o âmbito de proteção nacional e internacional. O politicamente correto é o tema do terceiro capítulo. Trata-se de um movimento de proteção das minorias que se desenvolve, basicamente, no quadrante comportamental e da liberdade de expressão. Mais adiante, no quarto capítulo, passa-se ao estudo do multiculturalismo, traço marcante da sociedade contemporânea ocidental. Em razão dessa diversidade e da convivência voluntária ou involuntária de diferentes grupos sociais, emerge a intolerância. O quinto e último capítulo dedica-se a destacar o direito de opinião e dissidência, essenciais para a democracia, bem como se apresenta o princípio da proporcionalidade como método a ponderar os direitos fundamentais em jogo, a iluminar o caminho tortuoso na busca pela convivência das divergências
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McMasters, Sherry Ann. "Missouri Public High School Principals Perception of Zero Tolerance." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10624694.

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School administrators develop, recommend, and carry out policy for school districts. The policy can have long lasting effect on students. Ideology and gender of the administrator can influence adoption and implementation of individual school’s policy. A study consisting of quantitative and qualitative measures was utilized to determine the difference of opinion between male and female administrators through a survey about zero tolerance discipline policy. Missouri public high school principals were the focus of the study, each receiving the opportunity to participate in the survey via email. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies, but enhance the knowledgebase with new evidence. Data analysis resulted in identification of gender preferred discipline methods related to zero-tolerance discipline policy in the areas of: (a) acceptability of zero-tolerance as a discipline policy, (b) academic outcome differences of students suspended more than, compared to less than, 90 days, (c) ability of the threat of suspension and expulsion to deter negative behavior, and (d) positive or negative lasting effects for zero tolerance on students.

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Lengelo, Muhenya Junior-Placide. "De la conception empiriste du langage représentationnel au projet carnapien du réductionnisme logique : En quête d'une démarche empiriste libérale autour des années 1930." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT5002.

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Une théorie empiriste de la connaissance affirme que le langage est doté de la capacité à « représenter » quelque chose d'autre que le langage lui-même. A la fin du XVIIe siècle, en effet, Locke et ses successeurs ont analysé empiriquement ce à quoi nos idées ressemblent et que les mots représentent mentalement. Autour des années trente, Schlick et ses camarades du Cercle de Vienne se servent des acquis linguistico-logiques de Frege, Russell et Wittgenstein pour analyser logiquement les propositions scientifiques, leur correspondance avec les états de choses qu'elles représentent. Avec eux, la philosophie analytique devra dorénavant ramener les problèmes de la connaissance au niveau de l'expérience langagière. C'est là que réside le caractère radical et réductionniste d'une démarche empiriste : les empiristes classiques ont fixé dans la perception la genèse chronologique de nos idées et nos pensées ; à leur tour, les Viennois déterminent le sens d'une proposition en la traduisant en propositions élémentaires, dites « Protokollsätze », qui renvoient directement au donné empirique. A la même période, Carnap se démarque des autres empiristes logiques en posant les problèmes du langage de la science en termes de reconstruction rationnelle des concepts et, cela, en introduisant de nouveaux concepts à partir de ceux déjà connus comme concepts de base phénoméniste (dans l'Aufbau en 1928) ou physicaliste (au cours des années trente). Tel est son réductionnisme logique qu'il renforce par la syntaxe logique. L'analyse logique ne porte pas sur le donné mais sur la proposition, et en particulier sur les propriétés formelles et des relations purement logiques qu'entretiennent les propositions dans un système. Carnap tente de libéraliser la démarche empiriste en assouplissant le critère de scientificité et, conformément à son « Principe de Tolérance », en adjoignant à l'ancrage empirique des questions de conventions pour la structure des propositions scientifiques. Il modère la critique viennoise de la métaphysique en attribuant à la philosophie, devenue « la logique de la science », la tâche de méthodes et formes adéquates pour la construction du langage de la science
An empiricist theory of knowledge argues that language has the capacity to represent something other than itself. Beginning from the end of the 17th century, Locke and his successors analysed empirically what our ideas are reflections of and what words represent in the mind. At the beginning of the 1930s, Schlick and his Vienna Circle colleagues exploited the logico-linguistic advances of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein in the logical analysis of scientific propositions, i.e. their correspondence with the states of affairs they represent. Following their example, analytic philosophy would henceforth reduce problems of knowledge to the level of linguistic experience. This is where the radical and reductionist character of the empiricist perspective is to be found: the classical empiricists identified the chronological genesis of our ideas and thoughts in perception; the Vienna Circle philosophers in their turn determine the meaning of a proposition by translating it into elementary propositions or Protokollsätze, which reflect directly an empirical “given”. During the same period, Carnap distances himself from his fellow empiricists by formulating the formulating the problems of scientific language in terms of the rational reconstruction of concepts by introducing new concepts based on those already identified as fundamental from a phenomenalist (the Aufbau, 1928) or physicalist (during the 1930s) perspective. This is the logical reductionism that Carnap reinforces through logical syntax. For him, logical analysis is less concerned with the given than with the proposition, and in particular with the formal properties and purely logical relations between propositions within a system. Carnap attempts in this way to “liberalize” empiricism, both by rendering more flexible and open its claim to be scientific and, in conformity to his “Tolerance Principle”, in adding questions of conventions to the empirical grounding of scientific propositions. In attributing to philosophy, understood as “the logic of science”, the task of elaborating forms and methods adequate to the construction of the language of science, he thus moderates the Viennese critique of metaphysics
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Fiquet, Angela T. Jr. "An Analysis of Tolerance Variation Among Adherents to Feminist, Environmentalist and Gay Rights Principles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46499.

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To the extent that the United States is a post-industrial society, whereby the means and ends of social production are social, and the production and reproduction of knowledge are shaped by reflexivity and continuous reconceptualizations of reality, what it means to be "tolerant" has been subjected to multiple ideologies. Supposedly freed from collectively imposed identities, social scientists have argued that in a postmodern society, individuals actively construct their own identities. In this study, it is questioned how multiple, trans-class and trans-disciplinary identities affect beliefs and behavior. Subject to exploration are expressions of tolerance, embodied as the expression of attitudes toward the following groups of traditionally nonconforming individuals: atheists, communists, racists and homosexuals. Using 1993 General Social Survey data, independent attitudinal variables were constructed from indexed items measuring opinions about ideas embraced by three "new" social movements: the women's, environmental and gay rights' movements. Socio-structural and attitudinal variables were regressed on tolerance, the dependent variable, which was divided into general and group-specific indexes. Education and urbanism were shown to be significant predictors of tolerance, while gender and political ideology were not significant predictors of tolerance. Positive correlations resulted between general tolerance and pro-feminist, pro-environmentalist and pro-gay rights attitudes. In conclusion, the prediction that individuals scoring high on measurements of feminism, environmentalism and pro-homosexuality, which all expound ideological convictions that refute traditional norms and value systems, would also demonstrate high levels of tolerance was greatly substantiated. Lending support for Bobo and Licari's (1989) argument, it is agreed that demographic, or social structural, variables alone are insufficient determinants of tolerance. Furthermore, although new social movements are chiefly organized around identity, rather than class, issues, even historically "tolerant" individuals, such as feminists, were shown to be less tolerant of certain groups, such as, in this study, racists
Master of Science
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Voorhis, George William. "The Zone of Tolerance and its effects on the hiring of school principals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184899.

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The Zone of Tolerance is a concept which describes the latitude of control that a community gives to its professional educators. Current research which attempts to delineate this zone indicates that community control of a district will vary, but is predictable when variables are arranged to meet certain criteria. Specifically, William Boyd (1976) concluded in a summary of the research that in large heterogeneous urban districts professional interests will dominate in routine internal issues such as personnel. This study used multiple qualitative methods to examine Boyd's contention by analyzing the hiring of successful principal candidates in a large heterogeneous school district. Interviews were conducted with principals selected by questionnaires and hired in the district during the period of time from 1975 to 1985. Corresponding data about school district events for the period were also collected from newspapers and other public archives. In addition, principals' perceptions of legitimacy affected by changes in influence on the hiring process were gathered. Data were then reduced, categorized and analyzed on the basis of shifting patterns of community and professional dominance. Results indicated that an increase in minority rights issues and the community's changing demographics shifted control of the hiring process from the school professionals to a newly elected school board more representative of community interests. Principals' perceptions of legitimacy affected by the changing patterns of dominance were varied and inconclusive, however the shift in control over personnel decisions regarding the hiring of principals was conclusive and contradicted Boyd's contention.
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Wulff, Philip. "Principles of hydrogen catalysis in the presence of oxygen by a [NiFe] hydrogenase from E. coli." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e434467-d50b-484a-a17e-ef3091636269.

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[NiFe] hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that act as highly efficient molecular electrocatalysts for the interconversion of protons and molecular hydrogen. Unlike any other known molecular electrocatalyst, the members of a subgroup of respiratory membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenases are able to maintain H2 catalysis in the sustained presence of O2. This O2-tolerance depends on the ability to respond to oxidative inactivation by O2 by exclusively forming rapidly reactivated active site states, thus implying a catalytic cycle in which O2 acts as a competing substrate to H2. Using isotope ratio mass spectrometry it is proven that the O2-tolerant Escherichia coli Hydrogenase 1 responds to O2 attack by acting as a four-electron oxidoreductase, catalysing the reaction 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, equivalent to hydrogen combustion. Special features of the enzyme’s electron relay system enable delivery of the required electrons. A small fraction of the H2O produced arises from side reactions proceeding via reactive oxygen species, an unavoidable consequence of the presence of low-potential relay centres that release electrons from H2 oxidation. While the ability to fully reduce O2 to harmless H2O at the active site to generate the rapidly reactivated state Ni-B, determines if a hydrogenase is O2-tolerant, the ratio of oxidative inactivation to reductive reactivation rates determines how tolerant the enzyme is. It is shown by protein film electrochemistry that the (αβ)2 dimeric assembly of Hyd-1 plays an important role in O2-tolerance by aiding reactivation of one catalytic unit through electron transfer from the other. The teamwork between two redundant partners implicates a new role for dimerisation and represents a new example of cooperativity in biology. Finally, the non-natural amino acid p-azido-L-phenylalanine was synthesised and incorporated into Hyd-1, testing the possibility of introducing labels at specific sites.
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Zardini, Elia. "Living on the slippery slope : the nature, sources and logic of vagueness." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/508.

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Books on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

1

Lee, Peter Alan. Fault Tolerance: Principles and Practice. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990.

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Tolerance: Principles, practices, obstacles, limits. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft, 1993.

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International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH (3rd 1993 Brisbane, Qld.). Plant-soil interactions at low pH: Principles and management : proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 12-16 September 1993. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1995.

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Zap: Free Speech and Tolerance in the Light of the Zero Aggression Principle. Imprint Academic, 2019.

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Thompson, Douglas I. Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679934.001.0001.

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Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics provides a new interpretation of Michel de Montaigne’s Essais in the context of his activity as a political negotiator between combatant parties during the French Wars of Religion. At the heart of the Essais lies a political conception of tolerance that is rarely considered today. Tolerance is usually conceived as an individual ethical disposition or a moral principle of public law. For Montaigne, tolerance is instead a political capacity: the power and ability to negotiate relationships of basic trust and civil peace with one’s opponents in political conflict. Contemporary thinkers often argue that what matters most for tolerance is how one talks to one’s political opponents: with respect, reasonableness, and civility. For Montaigne, what matters most is not how, but rather that opponents talk to each other across lines of disagreement. Using his own experience negotiating between Catholic and Huguenot parties as a model, Montaigne investigates and prescribes a set of skills and capacities that might help his readers become the kinds of people who can initiate and sustain dialogue with the “other side” to achieve public goods—even when respect, reasonableness, and civility are not yet assured. Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics argues that this dimension of tolerance is worth recovering and reconsidering in contemporary democratic societies, in which partisan “sorting” and multidimensional polarization have evidently rendered political leaders and ordinary citizens less and less able to talk to each other to resolve political conflicts and to work for shared public goods.
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Thompson, Douglas I. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679934.003.0001.

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In academic debates and popular political discourse, tolerance almost invariably refers either to an individual moral or ethical disposition or to a constitutional legal principle. However, for the political actors and ordinary residents of early modern Northern European countries torn apart by religious civil war, tolerance was a political capacity, an ability to talk to one’s religious and political opponents in order to negotiate civil peace and other crucial public goods. This book tells the story of perhaps the greatest historical theorist-practitioner of this political conception of tolerance: Michel de Montaigne. This introductory chapter argues that a Montaignian insistence that political opponents enter into productive dialogue with each other is worth reviving and promoting in the increasingly polarized democratic polities of the twenty-first century.
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Anderson, T., and P. A. Lee. Fault Tolerance: Principles and Practice (Dependable computing and fault-tolerant systems). 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, Austria, 1990.

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Anderson, T., and P. A. Lee. Fault Tolerance: Principles and Practice (Dependable Computing and Fault-Tolerant Systems). 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Dostál, Petr, and Chia-Yang Lin. Business Applications of Fuzzy Logic. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.14.

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The chapter focuses on the use of fuzzy logic, or soft computing, among the different methods used as supports for decision making in business applications. The processes are focused on private corporate attempts at making money or decreasing expenses; therefore, the details of applications, successful or not, are not published very often. Fuzzy logic helps in decentralization of decisionmaking processes that are to be standardized, reproduced, and documented. Fuzzy logic plays very important roles, especially in business, because it helps reduce costs. It differs from conventional (hard) computing in that it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation. In effect, the role model for fuzzy logic is the human mind. The guiding principle of fuzzy logic is to exploit this tolerance to achieve tractability, robustness, and low solution cost.
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Anderson, Thomas, and Peter A. Lee. Fault Tolerance: Principles and Practice. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

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Murray, Peter. "Toleration/Tolerance, Liberal Principle of." In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 1079–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_56.

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Lee, Richard E. "Principles of Insect Low Temperature Tolerance." In Insects at Low Temperature, 17–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0190-6_2.

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Hillová, Dagmar. "Determination of Compositional Principles for Herbaceous Plantings in Dry Conditions." In Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 1, 499–511. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28899-4_21.

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Etefa, Tsega. "Tolerance Under Siege: African Principles of Conflict Resolution." In The Origins of Ethnic Conflict in Africa, 187–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10540-2_8.

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Purayannur, Savithri, Kamal Kumar, and Praveen Kumar Verma. "Genetic Engineering to Improve Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." In Plant Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, 207–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2961-5_8.

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Melchers, R. E. "Society, tolerable risk and the ALARP principle." In Probabilistic Risk and Hazard Assessment, 243–52. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203742037-28.

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Shannon, M. C. "Principles and strategies in breeding for higher salt tolerance." In Biosalinity in Action: Bioproduction with Saline Water, 227–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5111-2_15.

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Kawasaki, Saori, Ngoc Binh, and Tu Bao. "Hierarchical Document Clustering Based on Tolerance Rough Set Model." In Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 458–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45372-5_51.

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Caradus, J. R., and A. D. Mackay. "Distribution of Al-tolerance in crosses between genotypes of white clover selected for either Al-tolerance or Al-susceptibility." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, 447–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0221-6_67.

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Alanyalı, Senem Demirci, Naim Ceylan, and Ayfer Haydaroglu. "The Organs at Risk and Radiation Tolerance Doses." In Principles and Practice of Modern Radiotherapy Techniques in Breast Cancer, 117–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5116-7_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

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MINNULLINA, Elina, and Zhanna VAVILOVA. "Tolerance as Core Value and Communication Principle." In 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.48.

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Kogias, Marios, and Edouard Bugnion. "Tail-tolerance as a Systems Principle not a Metric." In APNet '20: 4th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411029.3411032.

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Medushevsky, N. A. "Principle Of Tolerance As The Legitimizing Basis Of European Integration Project." In SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.317.

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Zatsarinny, Aleksandr, Yuri Stepchenkov, Yuri Diachenko, and Yuri Rogdestvenski. "FAILURE TOLERANT SYNCHRONOUS AND SELT-TIED CIRCUITS COMPARISON." In Mathematical modeling in materials science of electronic component. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2498.mmmsec-2021/154-156.

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The article considers the problem of developing synchronous and self-timed (ST) digital circuits that are tolerant to soft errors. Synchronous circuits traditionally use the 2-of-3 voting principle to ensure single failure, resulting in three times the hardware costs. In ST circuits, due to dual-rail signal coding and two-phase control, even duplication provides a soft error tolerance level 2.1 to 3.5 times higher than the triple modular redundant synchronous counterpart. The development of new high-precision software simulating microelectronic failure mechanisms will provide more accurate estimates for the electronic circuits' failure tolerance
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Hara, Y., and A. Masuda. "Guiding Principle for Crystalline Si Photovoltaic Modules with High Tolerance against Acetic Acid." In 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2017.c-1-05.

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Pegna, Joseph. "Generalized Abbe Principle: Position Error Propagation in Machine Elements." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1498.

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Abstract In the quest for ever finer levels of technology integration, mechanical linkages reach their precision limits at about 5micrometers per meter of workspace. Beyond this physical limit, all six dimensional degrees of freedom need to be precisely ascertained to account for mechanical imperfections. This paper substantiates Wu’s vision of “precision machines without precision machinery.” A formulation and statistical characterization of position and orientation error propagation in rigid bodies are presented for two extreme models of measurement. It is shown that error distribution is uniquely dependent upon the design of the measurement plan. The theoretical foundations presented were evolved in the course of designing precision machinery. Other potential applications include: fixture design, metrology, and geometric tolerance verification.
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Yau, Hong-Tzong. "Extension of Vectorial Tolerances for Coordinate Measurement Analysis." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-047.

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In recent years, vectorial tolerancing has emerged as a new alternative of representing workpiece tolerances. In contrast with conventional geometric tolerances that originated from hard gauging practice, vectorial tolerancing follows the working principle of coordinate measuring machines and CAD/CAM systems. Moreover it provides feedback from measurement directly to manufacturing process control. Many believe it is a better tolerancing method to tie design, manufacturing, and measurement together. However, current proposal of vectorial tolerancing has several limitations. First, the current orientation vector is inadequate for representing true 3D orientation. As a result, the orientation of a free form surface can not be properly established. Second, there has not been much discussion on the subject of vectorial tolerance evaluation. This paper proposes a new orientation vector which provides a more general mathematical basis for representing vectorial tolerances. It enables true 3D orientation representation and relates tolerances to functional requirement. With the mathematical definition, a systematic evaluation approach becomes possible for both analytical geometric elements and free form surfaces. Computer simulation and real-world application were studied to validate this new approach.
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Huang, Ke-Zheng, and Huai-Wei Ren. "A Growth Design Approach for Tolerancing." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49700.

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Tolerancing is an essential part of a product design process. It is traditionally performed after the product structure has been determined. The product precision requirements may not be fully utilized for the decision making for selecting the best structure in the early stage of product design — the conceptual design phase. A growth design method has been proposed for product structure design and concurrent tolerancing, in which the product form and tolerance can be generated in the same way as an organism grows. The basic feature of biology, cell division, has been borrowed as the design guiding principle. Product conceptual model has been built as the basis of form and tolerance growth design. The relationship of product function, structure and tolerance was analysed to explain on what and how they act in product design process. Tolerance mathematic model expressed by screw parameters and expression model based on Technologically and Topologically Related Surface (TTRS) are described to execute the tolerance allocation. The automation selection of Datum reference frame (DRF) can facilitate the generation of tolerance. Finally, a prototype form design and tolerancing system has been implemented and applied to a dedicated fixture design to verify the validity of the growth design.
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Polyakov, Igor N., Andrey M. Gladyshev, Igor V. Yevseyev, and Galina L. Popova. "Functional principle and ways of increasing tolerance of estimation of high-voltage measurement current transformer on photon echo." In PECS'2001: Photon Echo and Coherent Spectroscopy, edited by Vitaly V. Samartsev. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.447954.

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Wei, Zhigang, Bilal Dogan, Limin Luo, Burt Lin, and Dmitri Konson. "Design Curve Construction Based on Tolerance Limit Concept." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78233.

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The design curves, such as fatigue design S-N curves, required in engineering designs, are usually constructed by analyzing test data, which often exhibit large scatter. There are many methods available to construct a design curve and many of these methods, with varying degrees of conservativeness, accuracy, and simplicity, have been adopted by engineering standards, codes and guidelines, such as the ASME and ASTM codes and standards. However, to meet the increasing engineering demands, a simplified, user friendly engineering method with rigorous mathematical and physical basis is still urgently needed to accurately manage the margin of safety on one hand and decrease the cost on the other hand. In this paper the current engineering practices for constructing a design curve is reviewed. It is followed by the tolerance limit concept for general regression cases, because of its capability to relate the design curve to sample size, probability, and confidence level. A simple approximate solution is derived for Owen’s tolerance limit approach, which previously could be solved only with a very complex procedure. Finally, recognizing the physical unsoundness of the hyperbolic shape of the design curves constructed with the Owen’s tolerance limit approach, a new simple design curve construction method is proposed based on the “equal partition principle”. The predicted results from the new method are compared with that of other methods and the advantage of the proposed procedure over other methods is demonstrated with several worked examples. Linear design curve construction with heteroscedastic characteristics (variable variance) and nonlinear design curve are also discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Principle of tolerance"

1

Kanellakis, Paris O. The Principles of Fault-Tolerant and Efficient Parallel Computation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada283254.

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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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