Relevant bibliographies by topics / Principle tree

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Principle tree'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Principle tree"

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Gascuel, Olivier, and Mike Steel. "A Darwinian Uncertainty Principle." Systematic Biology 69, no. 3 (2019): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz054.

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Abstract Reconstructing ancestral characters and traits along a phylogenetic tree is central to evolutionary biology. It is the key to understanding morphology changes among species, inferring ancestral biochemical properties of life, or recovering migration routes in phylogeography. The goal is 2-fold: to reconstruct the character state at the tree root (e.g., the region of origin of some species) and to understand the process of state changes along the tree (e.g., species flow between countries). We deal here with discrete characters, which are “unique,” as opposed to sequence characters (nucleotides or amino-acids), where we assume the same model for all the characters (or for large classes of characters with site-dependent models) and thus benefit from multiple information sources. In this framework, we use mathematics and simulations to demonstrate that although each goal can be achieved with high accuracy individually, it is generally impossible to accurately estimate both the root state and the rates of state changes along the tree branches, from the observed data at the tips of the tree. This is because the global rates of state changes along the branches that are optimal for the two estimation tasks have opposite trends, leading to a fundamental trade-off in accuracy. This inherent “Darwinian uncertainty principle” concerning the simultaneous estimation of “patterns” and “processes” governs ancestral reconstructions in biology. For certain tree shapes (typically speciation trees) the uncertainty of simultaneous estimation is reduced when more tips are present; however, for other tree shapes it does not (e.g., coalescent trees used in population genetics).
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RINOT, ASSAF, and RALF SCHINDLER. "SQUARE WITH BUILT-IN DIAMOND-PLUS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 82, no. 3 (2017): 809–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2016.69.

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AbstractWe formulate combinatorial principles that combine the square principle with various strong forms of the diamond principle, and prove that the strongest amongst them holds inLfor every infinite cardinal.As an application, we prove that the following two hold inL:1.For every infinite regular cardinalλ, there exists a special λ+-Aronszajn tree whose projection is almost Souslin;2.For every infinite cardinalλ, there exists arespectingλ+-Kurepa tree; Roughly speaking, this means that this λ+-Kurepa tree looks very much like the λ+-Souslin trees that Jensen constructed inL.
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Liu, Tianshu. "Optimum Bifurcating-Tube Tree for Gas Transport." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 3 (2005): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1899168.

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This paper describes optimality principles for the design of an engineering bifurcating-tube tree consisting of the convection and diffusion zones to attain the most effective gas transport. An optimality principle is formulated for the diffusion zone to maximize the total diffusion mass-transfer rate of gas across tube walls under a constant total-volume constraint. This optimality principle produces a new diameter distribution for the diffusion zone in contrast to the classical distribution for the convection zone. In addition. this paper gives a length distribution for an engineering tree based on an optimality principle for minimizing the total weight of the tree under constraints of a finite surface and elastic criteria for structural stability. Furthermore, the optimum branching angles are evaluated based on local optimality principles for a single bifurcating-tube branch.
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Changizi, Mark A., and Christopher Cherniak. "Modeling the large-scale geometry of human coronary arteries." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 78, no. 8 (2000): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-024.

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Two principles suffice to model the large-scale geometry of normal human coronary arterial networks. The first principle states that artery diameters are set to minimize the power required to distribute blood through the network. The second principle states that arterial tree geometries are set to globally minimize the lumen volume. Given only the coordinates of an arterial tree's source and "leaves", the model predicts the nature of the network connecting the source to the leaves. Measurements were made of the actual geometries of arterial trees from postmortem healthy human coronary arteriograms. The tree geometries predicted by the model look qualitatively similar to the actual tree geometries and have volumes that are within a few percent of those of the actual tree geometries. Human coronary arteries are therefore within a few percent of perfect global volume optimality. A possible mechanism for this near-perfect global volume optimality is suggested. Also, the model performs best under the assumption that the flow is not entirely steady and laminar.Key words: arteries, optimization, volume, power, geometry.
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Sakai, Hiroshi, and Boban Veličković. "Stationary reflection principles and two cardinal tree properties." Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 14, no. 1 (2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748013000315.

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AbstractWe study the consequences of stationary and semi-stationary set reflection. We show that the semi-stationary reflection principle implies the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis, the failure of the weak square principle, etc. We also consider two cardinal tree properties introduced recently by Weiss, and prove that they follow from stationary and semi-stationary set reflection augmented with a weak form of Martin’s Axiom. We also show that there are some differences between the two reflection principles, which suggests that stationary set reflection is analogous to supercompactness, whereas semi-stationary set reflection is analogous to strong compactness.
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Vohra, Rakesh V. "The replacement principle and tree structured preferences." Economics Letters 63, no. 2 (1999): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00022-1.

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Willems, Matthieu, Nadia Tahiri, and Vladimir Makarenkov. "A new efficient algorithm for inferring explicit hybridization networks following the Neighbor-Joining principle." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 12, no. 05 (2014): 1450024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720014500243.

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Several algorithms and software have been developed for inferring phylogenetic trees. However, there exist some biological phenomena such as hybridization, recombination, or horizontal gene transfer which cannot be represented by a tree topology. We need to use phylogenetic networks to adequately represent these important evolutionary mechanisms. In this article, we present a new efficient heuristic algorithm for inferring hybridization networks from evolutionary distance matrices between species. The famous Neighbor-Joining concept and the least-squares criterion are used for building networks. At each step of the algorithm, before joining two given nodes, we check if a hybridization event could be related to one of them or to both of them. The proposed algorithm finds the exact tree solution when the considered distance matrix is a tree metric (i.e. it is representable by a unique phylogenetic tree). It also provides very good hybrids recovery rates for large trees (with 32 and 64 leaves in our simulations) for both distance and sequence types of data. The results yielded by the new algorithm for real and simulated datasets are illustrated and discussed in detail.
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McCabe, Declan J. "Competitive Phylogenetics." American Biology Teacher 76, no. 2 (2014): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.2.10.

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This exercise demonstrates the principle of parsimony in constructing cladograms. Although it is designed using mammalian cranial characters, the activity could be adapted for characters from any group of organisms. Students score categorical traits on skulls and record the data in a spreadsheet. Using the Mesquite software package, students generate arbitrary cladograms and measure tree length. They then move taxa around to reduce tree length. The exercise can become competitive when students report out on tree lengths and try to achieve shorter trees than their peers. The resulting cladograms can be compared with a published mammalian phylogeny. The exercise illustrates phylogenetics, the principle of parsimony, and hypothesis testing using morphological data.
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FUCHS, GUNTER. "ARONSZAJN TREE PRESERVATION AND BOUNDED FORCING AXIOMS." Journal of Symbolic Logic 86, no. 1 (2021): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2021.13.

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AbstractI investigate the relationships between three hierarchies of reflection principles for a forcing class $\Gamma $ : the hierarchy of bounded forcing axioms, of $\Sigma ^1_1$ -absoluteness, and of Aronszajn tree preservation principles. The latter principle at level $\kappa $ says that whenever T is a tree of height $\omega _1$ and width $\kappa $ that does not have a branch of order type $\omega _1$ , and whenever ${\mathord {\mathbb P}}$ is a forcing notion in $\Gamma $ , then it is not the case that ${\mathord {\mathbb P}}$ forces that T has such a branch. $\Sigma ^1_1$ -absoluteness serves as an intermediary between these principles and the bounded forcing axioms. A special case of the main result is that for forcing classes that don’t add reals, the three principles at level $2^\omega $ are equivalent. Special attention is paid to certain subclasses of subcomplete forcing, since these are natural forcing classes that don’t add reals.
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Mildenberger, Heike. "The club principle and the distributivity number." Journal of Symbolic Logic 76, no. 1 (2011): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1294170988.

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AbstractWe give an affirmative answer to Brendle's and Hrušák's question of whether the club principle together with is consistent. We work with a class of axiom A forcings with countable conditions such that is determined by finitely many elements in the conditions p and q and that all strengthenings of a condition are subsets, and replace many names by actual sets. There are two types of technique: one for tree-like forcings and one for forcings with creatures that are translated into trees. Both lead to new models of the club principle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principle tree"

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Carnie, Andrew, and David Medeiros. "Tree maximization and the generalized extended projection principle." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126609.

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In this paper we argue that a number of unexplained and stipulative properties of the grammar (such as the Generalized Extended Projection Principle, Binary Branching, Labeling) find a functional explanation, if we view them as correlates of a general desire for the grammar to maximize trees in such a way that they result in a Fibonacci-like sequence of maximal categories.
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Zhao, Boning. "A THEORETIC APPROACH FOR BINARY GAME TREE EVALUATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586520140611046.

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Stokláska, Jiří. "Analýza kompletnosti výrobního procesu rozváděčů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217826.

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This thesis introduces company ABB Brno and its products. It describes the manufacturing process of a switchgear and it is focused at working procedures at particular points of the assembly line. The main part analyzes the root causes of the incompleteness of switchgears in the relation to the components availability. Time footprint was worked out. As a conclusion the proposal of changes in manufacturing process to improve the level of completeness are stated.
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Chumley, David A. "New Testament youth ministry principles." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.063-0021.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Johnson Bible College, Knoxville, Tenn., 2007.<br>"Three sections of New Testament scripture will be explored for youth ministry principles: the house-code sections of Ephesians and Colossians (Eph6: 1-4 and Col 3:20-21), the age gender instructions entrusted to Titus (Titus 2: 1-6), and the personal exhortations from Paul to Timothy (1 Tim 4:12 and 2 Tim 2:22)." -- p.2-3 Includes bibliographical references.
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Lotfalian, Majid. "Cutting Principles." Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 2012. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17076.

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This is a chapter of a book that has been published in Persian Language in 2012. Here the physical and static rules of trees are presented and the methods are explained for feeling trees in correct way: balanced trees, low leaning trees, heavy leaning trees, felling of special trees, in steep slopes, releasing hang up trees and using winch.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch<br>Es handelt sich um ein Kapitel aus einem Buch, das 2012 im persischer Sprache veröffentlicht wurde. Darin werden die physikalischen und statischen Prinzipien von Bäumen dargestellt und die Methoden erklärt, mit denen Bäume korrekt gefällt werden können: aufrechte Bäume, Bäume mit einem leichten und starken Hang, Spezialfällung, Fällung am Steilhang und von Hängern, Einsatz einer Winde.:1. Review of the physical basis of the forces involved in cutting and bucking 1.1. Vector and scalar quantities 1.2. Weight 1.3. Center of gravity 1.4. Fulcrum 1.5. Forces and torque 1.6. Relations between vectors 1.7. Levers 1.7.1. Single and double levers of the first class 1.7.2. Single and double levers of the second class 1.7.3. Single and double levers of the third class 1.8. Efficiency and mechanical advantage 1.9. Work 1.10. Wedge 2. Correct methods in felling trees 2.1. Balanced trees 2.2. Low leaning trees 2.2.1. Felling the low leaning trees in the leaning direction 2.2.2. Felling trees with a low leaning in the side direction of leaning 2.2.3. Felling trees with light leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.3. Trees with heavy leaning 2.3.1. Felling trees with heavy leaning in leaning direction 2.3.2. Felling trees with heavy leaning in side of leaning direction 2.3.3. Felling trees with heavy leaning in opposite of leaning direction 2.4. Felling of special trees 2.5. Felling of trees in steep slopes 2.6. Release of hang up trees 2.7. Using winch 2.7.1. Felling of trees in leaning direction using winch 2.7.2. Felling of trees in side of leaning direction using winch 2.7.3. Felling of trees in opposite of leaning direction using winch 2.7.4. Safety measures in use of winch
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Gerdenits, Gisele Aparecida Massuela. "Raciocínio combinatório: uma proposta para professores de matemática do ensino fundamental anos finais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4471.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:02:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6432.pdf: 3122043 bytes, checksum: 082819afaa3a0b58bb6c250635b34e25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-10<br>This research has as main objective making a manipulative material to work sequences of activities by introducing the notion of Combinatorial Analysis in an intuitive and natural way in elementary school final years. Without using formulas, it presents an encouragement to use the Multiplicative Principle, tree diagram and list of possibilities as an important tool for solving various problems. We started the research making a description of the current curriculum documents in the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo, followed by historical overview and theoretical foundation. The survey was developed with the implementation of three activities with students from the 5th grade - 6 year to 8th grade - 9th year of elementary school in a Public State School in the city of Sorocaba/SP. These activities were designed to find out the students difficulties in the development of problems involving Combinatorial reasoning and to propose manipulative materials at low cost and to help in the construction and understanding of that content, since a big part of students and teachers consider it difficult to understand. These manipulative materials represent the final product of this research and it is hoped that teachers use them in their classrooms to make their classes more dynamic, rich and arousing the interest of the students.<br>A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a confecção de material manipulável para trabalhar sequências de atividades introduzindo de maneira intuitiva e natural a noção de Análise Combinatória no Ensino Fundamental Anos Finais sem a utilização de fórmulas, incentivando o uso do Princípio Multiplicativo, do diagrama de árvore e da enumeração das possibilidades como uma ferramenta importante para a resolução de vários problemas. Iniciamos a pesquisa fazendo uma descrição dos documentos curriculares vigentes na Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São de São Paulo, seguida por um panorama histórico e fundamentação teórica. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a aplicação de três atividades com alunos da 5ª série/6º ano a 8ª série/9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública Estadual da cidade de Sorocaba/SP. Essas atividades foram elaboradas com o objetivo de constatar as dificuldades dos alunos no desenvolvimento de problemas que envolvam o raciocínio combinatório e propor materiais manipulativos, de baixo custo, que auxiliem na construção e compreensão desse conteúdo, considerados de difícil entendimento por grande parte de alunos e professores. Esses materiais manipulativos representam o produto final dessa pesquisa e espera-se que os professores o utilizem em suas salas de aulas para tornar suas aulas mais ricas e dinâmicas despertando o interesse dos alunos.
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Schroeder, Florian Alexander Yinkan Nepomuk. "Tensor network states simulations of exciton-phonon quantum dynamics for applications in artifcial light-harvesting." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275988.

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Light-harvesting in nature is known to work differently than conventional man-made solar cells. Recent studies found electronic excitations, delocalised over several chromophores, and a soft, vibrating structural environment to be key schemes that might protect and direct energy transfer yielding increased harvest efficiencies even under adversary conditions. Unfortunately, testing realistic models of noise assisted transport at the quantum level is challenging due to the intractable size of the environmental wave function. I developed a powerful tree tensor network states (TTNS) method that finds an optimally compressed explicit representation of the combined electronic and vibrational quantum state. With TTNS it is possible to simulate exciton-phonon quantum dynamics from small molecules to larger complexes, modelled as an open quantum system with multiple bosonic environments. After benchmarking the method on the minimal spin-boson model by reproducing ground state properties and dynamics that have been reported using other methods, the vibrational quantum state is harnessed to investigate environmental dynamics and its correlation with the spin system. To enable simulations of realistic non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular quantum dynamics, a clustering algorithm and novel entanglement renormalisation tensors are employed to interface TTNS with ab initio density functional theory (DFT). A thereby generated model of a pentacene dimer containing 252 vibrational normal modes was simulated with TTNS reproducing exciton dynamics in agreement with experimental results. Based on the environmental state, the (potential) energy surfaces, underlying the observed singlet fission dynamics, were calculated yielding unprecedented insight into the super-exchange mediated avoided crossing mechanism that produces ultrafast and high yield singlet fission. This combination of DFT and TTNS is a step towards large scale material exploration that can accurately predict excited states properties and dynamics. Furthermore, application to biomolecular systems, such as photosynthetic complexes, may give valuable insights into novel environmental engineering principles for the design of artificial light-harvesting systems.
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Sandqvist, Joakim, and Erik Byström. "A Framework For Analysing Investable Risk Premia Strategies." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147547.

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The focus of this study is to map, classify and analyse how different risk premia strategies that are fully implementable, perform and are affected by different economic environments. The results are of interest for practitioners who currently invest in or are thinking about investing in risk premia strategies. The study also makes a theoretical contribution since there currently is a lack of publicised work on this subject. A combination of the statistical methods cluster tree, spanning tree and principal component analysis are used to first categorise the investigated risk premia strategies into different clusters based on their correlation characteristics and secondly to find the strategies’ most important return drivers. Lastly, an analysis of how the clusters of strategies perform in different macroeconomic environments, here represented by inflation and growth, is conducted. The results show that the three most important drivers for the investigated risk premia strategies are a crisis factor, an equity directional factor and an interest rate factor. These three components explained about 18 percent, 14 percent and 10 percent of the variation in the data, respectively. The results also show that all four clusters, despite containing different types of risk premia strategies, experienced positive total returns during all macroeconomic phases sampled in this study. These results can be seen as indicative of a lower macroeconomic sensitivity among the risk premia strategies and more of an “alpha-like” behaviour.<br>Denna studie fokuserar på att kartlägga, klassificera och analysera hur riskpremie-strategier, som är fullt implementerbara, presterar och påverkas av olika makroekonomiska miljöer. Studiens resultat är av intresse för investerare som antingen redan investerar i riskpremiestrategier eller som funderar på att investera. Studien lämnar även ett teoretiskt bidrag eftersom det i dagsläget finns få publicerade verk som behandlar detta ämne. För att analysera strategierna har en kombination av de statistiska metoderna cluster tree, spanning  tree  och  principal  component  analysis  använts.  Detta  för  att  dels  kategorisera riskpremie-strategierna i olika kluster, baserat på deras inbördes korrelation, men också för att finna de faktorer som driver riskpremiestrategiernas avkastning. Slutligen har också en analys över hur de olika strategierna presterar under olika makroekonomiska miljöer genomförts där de makroekonomiska miljöerna representeras av inflation- och tillväxtindikatorer. Resultaten  visar  att  de  tre  viktigaste  faktorerna  som  driver  riskpremiestrategiernas avkastning  är  en  krisfaktor,  en  aktiemarknadsfaktor och  en  räntefaktor.  Dessa  tre  faktorer förklarar ungefär 18 procent, 14 procent och 10 procent av den undersökta datans totala varians. Resultaten  visar  också  att  alla  fyra  kluster,  trots  att  de  innehåller  olika  typer  av riskpremiestrategier,  genererade  positiv  avkastning  under  alla  makroekonmiska  faser  som studerades. Detta resultat ses som ett tecken på en lägre makroekonomisk känslighet bland riskpremiestrategier och mer av ett alfabeteende.
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Gallardo, Lenier L. "Preparando a los laicos para el ministerio, case study, la Escuela de Discipulado de Principe de Paz." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.108-0015.

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Creasman, Pearce Paul. "Basic Principles And Methods Of Dendrochronological Specimen Curation." Tree-Ring Society, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622640.

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Dendrochronological collections include continuously expanding multi-taxon records of tree growth that encompass millennia and often offer irreplaceable sources of biological, environmental, and cultural information. Nevertheless, each departure of a scholar from the field—whether because of death, retirement, career change, shift in research priorities, or even move to a new institution—places collections in increased danger of being lost as viable resources. Without an organized and concerted effort to address outstanding and future issues of specimen curation, dendrochronology as a whole may become mired in the same trap that befalls many other scientific fields: collections apathy. Dendrochronological collections exist as a result of decades of effort and should function to support current and future scientific endeavors, education, and outreach, but cannot do so without adequate attention to their future. Intended as a ‘‘call to arms’’ this paper, focused on dendrochronology in the academic and public sector, aims to encourage discussion and, more importantly, to provide a foundation for and to instill a sense of urgency regarding long-term preservation of dendrochronological specimens.
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Books on the topic "Principle tree"

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Namkoong, Gene. Tree breeding: Principles and strategies. Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Namkoong, Gene, Hyun Chung Kang, and Jean Sébastien Brouard. Tree Breeding: Principles and Strategies. Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3892-8.

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Zhang, Q., ed. Automation in tree fruit production: principles and practice. CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780648507.0000.

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Saito, K. Principal r-cone for a tree r. Kyōto Daigaku Sūri Kaiseki Kenkyūjo, 2005.

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W, More Harry, ed. Principles of investigation. 2nd ed. West Publishing Co., 1994.

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Gerry, Hadden, ed. Home tree home: Principles of treehouse construction and other tall tales. Penguin Books, 1997.

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Fanshawe, D. B. Principal timbers. 3rd ed. Guyana Forestry Commission, 2000.

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Sun, Yat-sen. San min chu i: The tree principles of the people. San Min Chu I Society, 2003.

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Ben, Hunt, and Walmsley Tim, eds. Trees in the urban landscape: Principles and practice. E & FN Spon, 1995.

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Commission, Great Britain Forestry. A brief guide to Britain's principal trees. The Commission, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Principle tree"

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Miller, David, and Kenneth Rose. "Tree-Structured Clustering via the Minimum Cross Entropy Principle." In Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8729-7_7.

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Ren, Hong-e., and Wei Yan. "The Test Principle and Algorithm of Laser Measuring Tree Height." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25899-2_51.

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Iwama, Kazuo, and Shuichi Miyazaki. "Tree-Like Resolution Is Superpolynomially Slower Than DAG-Like Resolution for the Pigeonhole Principle." In Algorithms and Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46632-0_14.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 1." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-1.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 2." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-2.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 3." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-3.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 4." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-4.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 5." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-5.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 6." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-6.

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Larsen, Jens, David M. Boje, and Lena Bruun. "Principle 7." In True Storytelling. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367425739-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Principle tree"

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Sokolnikov, Andre. "Matrix superposition structure with tree-based principle." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Firooz A. Sadjadi and Abhijit Mahalanobis. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2058120.

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Cai, Mengxiang, Jiajian Lin, Hui Wang, and Mi Zhou. "Study of fault tree analysis and expert system principle." In MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND POWER ENGINEERING III (MEP 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5125351.

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Xu, Wei, Zengchuan Dong, Jie Ren, et al. "Tree Species Suitability Assessment based on Principle of Maximum Entropy." In 2018 Joint International Advanced Engineering and Technology Research Conference (JIAET 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jiaet-18.2018.12.

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Yongo, Waden, and Yabo Luo. "Principle and Experimental Verification of a Novel Method: Tree Biomechanical Optimization Algorithm." In 2018 5th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccis.2018.8691375.

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Johnson, Tyler A., Avery Cheeley, Benjamin W. Caldwell, and Matthew G. Green. "Comparison and Extension of Novelty Metrics for Problem-Solving Tasks." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60319.

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Shah’s metrics for measuring ideation effectiveness have been used extensively by the engineering design community to quantify the value of designed concepts. Shah measures novelty as the infrequency of an idea relative to a set of ideas. Vargas-Hernandez extended this novelty metric using partial genealogy trees to consider the frequency of ideas that share the same working principle. These genealogy trees capture differences between individual ideas organized by the following levels of abstraction: physical principle, working principle, and embodiment. Shah’s and Vargas-Hernandez’s metrics both require that all ideas be described at the lowest level (embodiment). This approach excludes ideas that are described at higher levels of abstraction. This paper proposes a new novelty metric that extends Vargas Hernandez’s metrics by including the higher levels of the genealogy trees, allowing abstract ideas to be properly evaluated. This paper compares the newly proposed novelty metric to Shah’s and Vargas Hernandez’s metrics using data from a previous study. The study required participants to perform problem-solving tasks in which they submitted a textual list of ideas for how to solve general day-to-day problems. The proposed novelty metric addresses limitations of the previous metrics when applied to the abstract ideas in the data set and meets established metric requirements. The proposed metric also broadens Shah’s metric in a similar manner as Vargas Hernandez but extends it to capture the entire genealogy tree rather than a subset of the tree.
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Klocke, F., T. Herrig, and A. Klink. "Evaluation of Wire Electrochemical Machining With Rotating Electrode for the Manufacture of Fir Tree Slots." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76910.

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Components with best surface integrities — without any white layer or mechanically damaged rim zones — and regardless of mechanical properties of the material can be produced with electrochemical machining (ECM). Wire ECM combines the outstanding advantages of the ECM working principle with the kinematic of wire electrical discharge machining (wire EDM). A task-specific tool design — such as for classical sinking ECM — is not required for cutting 2.5-dimensional geometries like fir tree slots in turbine discs. Established manufacturing technologies for fir trees are broaching and recently wire EDM. However, high requirements on surface integrity of these turbine parts afford cost intensive finishing processes. Thus, wire ECM could be an attractive cost efficient alternative manufacturing process. Due to an insufficient flushing concept, a process development of wire ECM for fir tree slots with relevant disc heights failed in the past. A combination of an axial flushing with rotating structured electrode provides a promising approach to meet these challenges. Therefore, this paper presents investigations of cutting Inconel 718 direct-aged using the new flushing principle. Workpieces with heights up to 40 mm are machined, which is comparable to a low pressure turbine disc height. Reachable feed rates respectively cutting rates are presented. Due to the process specific edge rounding, the formation of the leading edges is examined. Finally, the evolving surface integrities with the help of surface roughness, cross sections and residual stresses are investigated and discussed.
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Johal, Hartinder Singh. "Optimality Principle Based Sink Tree Methodology for Adaptive Static Routing Using Multiple Route Configuration Scheme." In Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering - IAENG Special Edition of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCECS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcecs.2008.21.

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Wang, Bingwen, and Erik K. Antonsson. "Hierarchical Modularity: Decomposition of Function Structures With the Minimal Description Length Principle." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85173.

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In engineering design and analysis, complex systems often need to be decomposed into a hierarchical combination of different simple subsystems. It’s necessary to provide formal, computable methods to hierarchically decompose complex structures. Since graph structures are commonly used as modeling methods in engineering practice, this paper presents a method to hierarchically decompose graph structures. The Minimal Description Length (MDL) principle is introduced as a measure to compare different decompositions. The best hierarchical decomposition is searched by evolutionary computation methods with newly defined crossover and mutation operators of tree structures. The results on abstract graph without attributes and a real function structure show that the technique is promising.
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LaPrad, Adam S., and Kenneth R. Lutchen. "The Myogenic Response As A Functional Design Principle For Airway Smooth Muscle Structure Throughout The Airway Tree." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2677.

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Li, Yan-Feng, Jian Sun, Haiqing Li, Hong-Zhong Huang, and Yu Liu. "Fuzzy Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis of Hydraulic System of CNC Machining Center." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47583.

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Fault tree analysis (FTA), as an effective reliability assessment tool, is a widely used in analyzing the risk and reliability of large scale and complex engineering systems. Dynamic fault tree analysis (DFTA) extends the static fault tree by defining additional gates to model the complicated interactions, and in most case, Markov models can be used to solve dynamic gates. In many real systems, it is quite difficult to evaluate the probability of failure events preciously due to many uncertainty factors. To account for the uncertainty resulting from the lack of sufficient data or the subjective adjustments from experts, a fuzzy dynamic fault tree model is proposed to assess the system reliability when acquiring precious probability of failure event is impossible. With the aim of obtaining the membership function of the fuzzy probability of the top event, the extension principle is employed. The proposed method and algorithm are demonstrated by a case study of the hydraulic system of a specific CNC machining center.
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Reports on the topic "Principle tree"

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Nishii, Ryuei. Maximum Likelihood Principle and Model Selection when the True Model is Unspecified. Defense Technical Information Center, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada186027.

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Harter, Rachel M., Pinliang (Patrick) Chen, Joseph P. McMichael, Edgardo S. Cureg, Samson A. Adeshiyan, and Katherine B. Morton. Constructing Strata of Primary Sampling Units for the Residential Energy Consumption Survey. RTI Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0041.1705.

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The 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey design called for stratification of primary sampling units to improve estimation. Two methods of defining strata from multiple stratification variables were proposed, leading to this investigation. All stratification methods use stratification variables available for the entire frame. We reviewed textbook guidance on the general principles and desirable properties of stratification variables and the assumptions on which the two methods were based. Using principal components combined with cluster analysis on the stratification variables to define strata focuses on relationships among stratification variables. Decision trees, regressions, and correlation approaches focus more on relationships between the stratification variables and prior outcome data, which may be available for just a sample of units. Using both principal components/cluster analysis and decision trees, we stratified primary sampling units for the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and compared the resulting strata.
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Znojek, Bartłomiej. América Latina en la política de los países del Grupo de Visegrado desde 2004. Fundación Carolina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt52.

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América Latina nunca ha sido un área prioritaria para los miembros del Grupo de Visegrado (o V4): Chequia, Eslovaquia, Hungría y Polonia. No obstante, la cooperación de todos ellos con sus socios latinoamericanos ha ido avanzando sustancialmente. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución del lugar de América Latina en la política de los cuatro países centroeuropeos desde su adhesión a la Unión Europea (UE) en 2004. Se analizan tres dimensiones de esta cooperación: la bilateral, la de la UE y la del V4, como conjunto. El trabajo muestra los principales factores que influyen en la posición de los países V4 sobre América Latina y las concepciones de la política de estos países hacia la región. Después se presenta el desarrollo de esas relaciones en tres ámbitos: el diálogo político, la cooperación comercial y las relaciones socioculturales. En las conclusiones se compara la evolución de las relaciones entre los países del V4 y América Latina, y se hacen recomendaciones sobre cómo se podrían intensificar estos contactos.
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Rico Franco, John Alexander. Visión de la seguridad informática en tiempos del coronavirus. Corporación Universitaria Republicana, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/cont.virt.2020.s2.

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Este producto digital de investigación esta segmentado en tres módulos principales: el primero es en el cual se exhibirán todas las estrategias y campañas de ataque materializadas por los cibercriminales en esta época tan particular en la que vivimos y con temática del COVID-19; en el segundo se presentaran algunas recomendaciones de seguridad asociadas directamente a las temáticas tratadas en el primer módulo; y el tercero estará enfocado a exponer actualizaciones instantáneas de cualquier evolución presentada en la ventana de vigencia de la pandemia, sobre los temas expuestos en los primeros dos módulos, para así poder conocer integralmente el accionar de los cibercriminales en estas fechas tan volátiles y como poder protegernos proactivamente ante ellos.
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Contreras Salamanca, Luz Briyid, and Yon Garzón Ávila. Generational Lagging of Dignitaries, Main Cause of Technological Gaps in Community Leaders. Analysis of Generation X and Boomers from the Technology Acceptance Model. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4709.

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Community and neighborhood organizations are in the process of renewing the organizational culture, considering technological environments in the way of training, and advancing communally, being competitive in adaptation and learning, creating new solutions, promoting change, and altering the status quo, based on the advancement of technology over the last few years, currently applied in most organizations. The decisive factor is the ability of true leaders to appropriate the Technological Acceptance Model –TAM– principles, participating in programs and projects, adopting new technologies from the different actors involved, contributing to the welfare of each community. There is, however, a relative resistance to the use of technology as support in community management, due to the generational differences in leaders and dignitaries, according to collected reports in this study, in relation to the age range of dignitaries –Generation X and Baby Boomers predominate–. They present a challenge to digital inclusion with difficulties related to age, cognitive, sensory, difficulty in developing skills, and abilities required in Digital Technologies, necessary to face new scenarios post-pandemic and, in general, the need to use technological facilities.
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da Mota Peroni, Fabiana, Larissa C. Gruchovski Veríssimo, and Leonardo Goes Shibat. Envejecimiento y atención a la dependencia en Brasil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002951.

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Brasil experimentó y aún experimenta un rápido proceso de envejecimiento poblacional, de modo más o menos acentuado, como en otros países en desarrollo en América Latina y el Caribe. La transición demográfica y epidemiológica, sumada a las mejores condiciones de vida de la población en las últimas décadas, ha garantizado un aumento en la expectativa de vida de los brasileños sin precedentes (IBGE 2015). Al mismo tiempo, el país ha experimentado un cambio social relacionado con las personas mayores. Si bien el número de adulto mayores económica y físicamente activos ha aumentado, también lo ha hecho el número de adultos mayores con dependencia funcional. El patrón usual del cuidado provisto por las familias se ha transformado a lo largo de los años, aumentando la carga principalmente de las mujeres, quienes cumplen jornada de trabajo formal e informal, dejando a esta población adulta mayor dependiente y a sus familias más necesitadas de apoyo y cuidados. Esta Nota Técnica es publicada conjuntamente por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y por el Programa de la Unión Europea EUROsociAL, como parte de una serie de estudios sobre envejecimiento y atención a personas en situación de dependencia, disponibles en la página web "Panorama de Envejecimiento y Atención a la Dependencia" del BID. Su principal objetivo es describir las condiciones de salud de la población adulta mayor con dependencia en Brasil, además de caracterizar a esta población en relación a su perfil socioeconómico y demográfico. También se describen las principales políticas públicas y ofertas de servicios para las personas mayores con dependencia, incluyendo el sector público, privado y sin fines de lucro. Debido al modelo organizativo federalista, donde municipios y estados tienen autonomía para adherirse a programas y políticas del gobierno federal, las acciones no son homogéneas en todo el territorio. Buscando presentar un análisis con credibilidad de la realidad brasileña, se optó por presentar, además, de un estudio de caso del estado de São Paulo y de tres de sus municipios (São Paulo, Caraguatatuba y Taguaí), con portes poblacionales diferentes.
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Orozco-Gallo, Antonio José, Pavel Vidal-Alejandro, Johana Sanabria-Domínguez, Jaime Andrés Collazos-Rodríguez, and Margaret Guerrero. Indicador coincidente de actividad económica en la recesión pandémica: el caso del Caribe colombiano. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.298.

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Disponer de información temprana sobre la evolución de la actividad económica regional se ha convertido en una prioridad, especialmente como herramienta para evaluar choques a la economía como el ocurrido con la pandemia del Covid-19. En este estudio se construyó un indicador coincidente mensual de actividad económica (IMAE) para la región Caribe, enmarcado en un modelo factorial dinámico y estimado por medio del filtro de Kalman, para el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2020. El indicador está compuesto por trece variables representativas de las principales actividades económicas de la región. Los resultados muestran que los movimientos experimentados por el indicador en 2020 se comportaron acorde con las medidas de aislamiento aplicadas y con las tasas de incidencia de contagios. Según cifras preliminares, en 2020 la economía del Caribe cayó en un 6,8%, equivalente al resultado nacional. En particular, el desempeño regional se vio afectado al cierre del año por la parálisis en la actividad minera y las nuevas medidas restrictivas.
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Pedraza, Lauramaría, Manuel Rodriguez Porcel, and Diana Sandoval. Accesibilidad e inclusión en transporte: análisis en ciudades latinoamericanas: mapas de viaje: Santo Domingo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003570.

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Con el objetivo de proponer políticas públicas y acciones que mejoren la accesibilidad universal en los sistemas de transporte público en Santo Domingo, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo junto con la Consultora Despacio, realizó una metodología encargada de caracterizar la experiencia de viaje en personas con discapacidad, personas con movilidad reducida y cuidadores, a fin de identificar barreras, oportunidades y mejora de accesibilidad en el transporte público. La metodología es cualitativa y consta de los siguientes componentes: i) seguimiento y documentación del viaje, (donde el participante es acompañado por un entrevistador); ii) el desarrollo de una matriz de evaluación durante el viaje, que se divide en tres etapas principales: antes del viaje, durante el viaje y después del viaje; iii) una entrevista de cierre con el participante del viaje; y iv) procesamiento de información y generación del Mapa de Viaje de Cliente. Una vez analizados los datos, es posible determinar el grado de accesibilidad al sistema de transporte, identificar barreras de accesibilidad y proponer mejoras a gobiernos y comunidades.
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García Salamanca, Angela Viviana, Julieth Nataly Lesmes, and Andrés Felipe Ruiz Castro. Prospectiva de la formación en salud universitaria. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecisa.4762.

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El estudio que se presenta a continuación tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio prospectivo para la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD con un horizonte de tiempo al año 2026. Desarrollo. Su metodología se diseñó bajo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. El eje principal en el que se fundamentó el desarrollo de la investigación se enfocó en los postulados prospectivos de la escuela francesa representada por Michel Godet adaptado a los requerimientos del estudio en particular de la formación en salud. El procedimiento se dividió en tres etapas: Primera etapa, encuesta Delphi, busca determinar avances tecnológicos y tendencias de la educación en salud, Segunda etapa. Análisis estructural por medio del método MIC-MAC, Tercera etapa. Diseño de escenarios futuros y propuesta de escenario apuesta utilizando el método de ejes de Peter Schwartz. Conclusiones: Se evidenciaron cinco objetivos estratégicos para la formación en salud, como son: tecnosalud, infraestructura, investigación, redes académicas y transdisciplinariedad. Los ejes estratégicos permitieron diseñar cuatro posibles escenarios para la prospectiva en la formación en salud.
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Flores, Iván, Miguel Székely, and Viviana Vélez-Grajales. La violencia intrafamiliar y su transmisión intergeneracional: el caso de México. Edited by Karelia Villa-Mar and Bárbara Cedillo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003603.

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La violencia es un obstáculo para el desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe y una de las principales preocupaciones de su población. Los jóvenes son las principales víctimas y victimarios. Este estudio contribuye a expandir el conocimiento sobre la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia intrafamiliar, considerada como una de las posibles causas del crimen y la violencia juvenil. En el estudio se establece la importancia de la transmisión de violencia intrafamiliar de padres/madres a hijos/as e incluso de abuelos/as a nietos/as como un factor de riesgo del desarrollo de comportamientos violentos a futuro. El análisis parte de los datos de la Encuesta de Movilidad Social de los Jóvenes en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México 2017. La violencia intrafamiliar se midió construyendo tres variables: violencia observada, sufrida y ejercida, cuantificándolas de las respuestas de encuestas a padres e hijos para medir la violencia a la que estuvieron expuestas ambas generaciones. Los resultados revelan que las asociaciones de la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia intrafamiliar sobreviven a controles por violencia geográfica; existe una relación positiva entre la violencia juvenil y haber crecido en un hogar donde había violencia intrafamiliar reflejada en violencia de pareja, maltrato infantil y actitudes que favorecen la violencia; y la probabilidad de ejercer violencia contra la pareja es mayor de mujer a hombre. El estudio concluye que las políticas públicas para prevenir y atender la violencia intrafamiliar deben considerar servicios de prevención social de la violencia atendiendo a todos integrantes de la familia con antecedentes criminales y conductas de violencia intrafamiliar con programas específicos y adecuados según su perfil de riesgo.
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