Academic literature on the topic 'Principled goals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Principled goals"
1
Yam, Shing-Chung Jonathan. "i-Soc: An Info-Sociological Approach to Structural–Agent Causal Symmetry." Philosophies 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies5020008.
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In this article, I discuss the sociality of information flow by investigating a momentous yet often-neglected side of it—the reinforcing info-causal loops between habitus and structures. I treat habitus as a principled agent and explain how structure sustains itself (under the framework of Fiske and Pinker et al.) by upholding principles as goals or reducing them into subroutines (goal subjugation). At the structural level, four dominant categorical schemes—game theory, network analysis, systems functionalism, and field theory—are investigated for the characteristic information flow that they can capture. The result is an info-sociological approach that acknowledges causal symmetry between structure and agents.
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Cole, Phillip. "Principled Toleration and Respectful Indifference in the Liberal Polity." Balkan Journal of Philosophy 11, no. 1 (2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bjp20191112.
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This paper examines toleration at two levels. At the first level, liberal individualism is concerned that the individual must be as free as possible to pursue their own goals and lifestyles. At the second level, liberal political theory is concerned with the value of liberal political culture and institutions and how to maintain and protect them. I argue that we can learn a great deal about the exercise of toleration and respect at the level of the liberal polity by examining them at the level of the liberal individual. Both tolerance and intolerance at the level of the polity must be principled. Principled tolerance and intolerance have the following features. First, the judgment whether to tolerate a particular belief or practice must be based on the value of toleration itself, not pragmatic political requirements. Second, it should be an issue of setting aside moral principles and convictions rather than dislikes, prejudices or fears. Third, it should respect the distinction between the public and the private, and should only recognise an issue as one of toleration if there is a public impact at stake.
3
Clark, Susan G., and Toddi A. Steelman. "Interviewing for an interdisciplinary job: principled goals, pragmatic outcomes, and finding the right fit in academia." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 28, 2012): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0075-y.
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Malmqvist, Erik, and Christian Munthe. "What High-Income States Should Do to Address Industrial Antibiotic Pollution." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa020.
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Abstract Antibiotic resistance is widely recognized as a major threat to public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Recent research suggests that pollution from antibiotics manufacturing is an important driver of resistance development. Using Sweden as an example, this article considers how industrial antibiotic pollution might be addressed by public actors who are in a position to influence the distribution and use of antibiotics in high-income countries with publicly funded health systems. We identify a number of opportunities for these actors to incentivize industry to increase sustainability in antibiotics production. However, we also show that each alternative would create tensions with other significant policy goals, necessitating trade-offs. Since justifiable trade-offs require ethical consideration, we identify and explore the main underlying normative issues, namely, the weighing of local versus global health interests, the weighing of present versus future health interests, and the role of individualistic constraints on the pursuit of collective goals. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the actors have weighty principled reasons for prioritizing the goal of addressing pollution, but that translating this stance into concrete policy requires accommodating significant pragmatic challenges.
5
Toole, Ciara. "Fiduciary Law and the Constructive Trust: Perfecting the Fiduciary Undertaking." Alberta Law Review 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr112.
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Two recent unanimous decisions from the Supreme Court of Canada in Galambos v Perez and Alberta v Elder Advocates of Alberta Society have narrowed and refreshed the requirements for recognizing fiduciary relationships and obligations. All fiduciary obligations must be founded by an undertaking, either express or implied, on the part of the fiduciary to act in the best interest of the beneficiary. At the heart of the fiduciary obligation, the undertaking of a fiduciary may also serve as a foundation for the goals of fiduciary accountability. The developing “Galambos approach” remains incomplete in its application in this regard. In the spirit of Galambos and Elder Advocates, I propose that the undertaking of the fiduciary can provide principled guidance in the availability of gain-based relief for breach of fiduciary duty. Particularly, I suggest that the imposition of a constructive trust as proprietary gain-based relief may be rationalized under the objective of perfecting or enforcing the fiduciary undertaking. To demonstrate my proposal, I investigate three example undertakings and breaches of fiduciary duty in which the fiduciary acquires property through the breach of duty. By grounding this overall discussion towards a conceptual remedial goal of enforcing the fiduciary’s undertaking, Galambos may spark the development of a principled approach to understanding both the making and the breach of fiduciary obligations.
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Wood, Nathan, and Katy Roelich. "Substantiating Energy Justice: Creating a Space to Understand Energy Dilemmas." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051917.
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This paper explores the relationships between the moral philosophical foundations and strategic goals of two conceptions of energy justice: the “triumvirate conception” and the “principled approach”. We explore the extent to which the goals of these approaches align with their core aims and strategies. Having initially been developed to capture and reflect the values of activist-led environmental justice movements, we find that the triumvirate approach’s adoption of a trivalent conception of justice currently lies in tension with its overarching top-down approach. We note that the principled approach does not face the same tensions as the triumvirate conception of energy justice, but would benefit from illustrating the consequences of framing the same energy dilemma with conflicting moral theories. Aiming to ameliorate these limitations and further develop conceptions of energy justice, we outline a case study of hydro power in Hirakud, India and propose a framework which illustrates how using differing theories of justice to conceptualise the same energy dilemmas can result in substantially different normative framings and guidance. We illustrate how this framework, combined with a pluralistic appeal to moral theory, can enable both approaches to draw on a wider range of moral theory to assess energy dilemmas. This in turn provides a broader socio-political backdrop in which to view energy dilemmas. We outline how this backdrop contributes to the creation of a space in which the grievances of those who suffer in relation to energy systems can be heard and better understood.
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Tucker, Chris. "Divine Satisficing and the Ethics of the Problem of Evil." Faith and Philosophy 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37977/faithphil.2020.37.1.2.
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This paper accomplishes three goals. First, it reveals that God’s ethics has a radical satisficing structure: God can choose a good enough suboptimal option even if there is a best option and no countervailing considerations. Second, it resolves the long-standing worry that there is no account of the good enough that is both principled and demanding enough to be good enough. Third, it vindicates the key ethical assumption in the problem of evil without relying on the contested assumption that God’s ethics is our ethics (on steroids).
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Bezzina, Frank, Simon Grima, and Josephine Mamo. "Risk management practices adopted by financial firms in Malta." Managerial Finance 40, no. 6 (June 3, 2014): 587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-08-2013-0209.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the risk management practices adopted by financial firms in the small island state of Malta. It seeks to: first, identify the risk management strategies and mechanisms that these firms adopt to manage risks, maximise opportunities, and maintain financial stability; second, determine whether these practices are perceived as contributing to principled performance; third, examine the extent to which risk management capabilities offer competitive advantage to firms, and fourth, investigate whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a key driver of risk management corporate strategies. Design/methodology/approach – A self-administered questionnaire purposely designed for the present study was distributed among the 156 credit institutions, investment firms and financial institutions registered with the Malta Financial Services Authority. Overall, 141 firms participated in the study (a response rate of 90.4 per cent) and the responses were subjected to statistical analysis in an attempt to answer four research questions. Findings – Maltese financial firms have sound risk management practices that link positively with added value and principled performance. Although competitive advantage has been given less weight by these firms, the implemented risk management mechanisms allow for a strong risk culture, defined risk management goals, accountability and continual improvement. CSR forms part of the firms’ risk management corporate strategies and is valued as part of these firms’ corporate culture, while financial/economic factors are viewed as key in driving effective risk management principles. Originality/value – The study provides empirical evidence that securing “best practice” in firms’ risk management corporate culture is seen as better predicated on maximising financial advantage (“the instrumental driver”) rather than simply reflecting externally imposed standards (“the compliance driver”).
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Yu, Byron M., Caleb Kemere, Gopal Santhanam, Afsheen Afshar, Stephen I. Ryu, Teresa H. Meng, Maneesh Sahani, and Krishna V. Shenoy. "Mixture of Trajectory Models for Neural Decoding of Goal-Directed Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 5 (May 2007): 3763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00482.2006.
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Probabilistic decoding techniques have been used successfully to infer time-evolving physical state, such as arm trajectory or the path of a foraging rat, from neural data. A vital element of such decoders is the trajectory model, expressing knowledge about the statistical regularities of the movements. Unfortunately, trajectory models that both 1) accurately describe the movement statistics and 2) admit decoders with relatively low computational demands can be hard to construct. Simple models are computationally inexpensive, but often inaccurate. More complex models may gain accuracy, but at the expense of higher computational cost, hindering their use for real-time decoding. Here, we present a new general approach to defining trajectory models that simultaneously meets both requirements. The core idea is to combine simple trajectory models, each accurate within a limited regime of movement, in a probabilistic mixture of trajectory models (MTM). We demonstrate the utility of the approach by using an MTM decoder to infer goal-directed reaching movements to multiple discrete goals from multi-electrode neural data recorded in monkey motor and premotor cortex. Compared with decoders using simpler trajectory models, the MTM decoder reduced the decoding error by 38 (48) percent in two monkeys using 98 (99) units, without a necessary increase in running time. When available, prior information about the identity of the upcoming reach goal can be incorporated in a principled way, further reducing the decoding error by 20 (11) percent. Taken together, these advances should allow prosthetic cursors or limbs to be moved more accurately toward intended reach goals.
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Lawson, Anna. "O'Brien and its Legacy: Principle, Equity and Certainly?" Cambridge Law Journal 54, no. 2 (July 1995): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300083665.
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Barclays Bank p.l.c. v, O'Brien1CIBC Mortgages p.l.c.v. Pitt2presented the House of Lords with an opportunity to consider when a creditor should be prevented from eforcing a transaction against a person who entered int it as a result of the undue influence or misreprentation of another. Lord Browne-Wilkinson's declared objective was to restate the law on this point “in a form which is principled, reflects the current requirements of society and provides as much certainty as possible”.3 Whether he achieved these three aims is a question on which commentators disagree. According to one, his Lordship proved himself “a master of the judicial art”4 by achieving all three.5 Another has argued that his judgments “may give rise to as much confusion as this difficult area has already witnessed”6 and that, in his efforts to attain the second of his goals, he overlooked the first and the third.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principled goals"
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Petrova, Vladislava Andonova. "HELPING OTHERS OR HELPING ONESELF? NGO COORDINATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1258.
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This dissertation studies partnerships among non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and the resulting consequences of these collaborations. The presence of NGOs in the international system is recognized with scholarly works examining what they are, what they do, and what is their role. However, it is also necessary to systematically analyze the causes for collaborations among NGOs and the following consequences. I ask what determines for NGOs to partner with one another. And, who benefits from these collaborations? I carefully place my study within the broader context of the main international relations paradigms and within the specific debates concerning the NGOs. Using social network analysis, quantitative tools, and in-depth interviews I find that similarity is a main determinant for NGOs to collaborate with one another. Importantly, my findings show that not only shared altruistic goals, as proposed by the dominant literature, but also shared strategic goals matter in the choices for partners. I further show that shared altruistic and strategic goals also influence who the final beneficiaries from the collaborations are. My findings reveal that less often vulnerable populations receive a direct help, even when the organizations advance principled goals. I conclude that NGOs have not only altruistic goals but also strategic needs and wants. The forging of their partnerships and the outcomes of their collaborations are influenced by these distinct goals. NGOs, as strategic actors, make complex decisions, that momentously bring a limited impact on vulnerable populations and the international system overall.
2
Aleahmad, Turadg. "Improving Students’ Study Practices Through the Principled Design of Research Probes." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/129.
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A key challenge of the learning sciences is moving research results into practice. Educators on the front lines perceive little value in the outputs of education research and demand more “usable knowledge”. This work explores the potential instead of usable artifacts to translate knowledge into practice, adding scientists as stakeholders in an interaction design process. The contributions are two effective systems, the scientific and contextual principles in their design, and a research model for scientific research through interaction design.
College student study practices are the domain chosen for the development of these methods. Iterative ethnographic fieldwork identified two systems that would be likely to advance both learning in practice and knowledge for applying the employed theories in general. Nudge was designed to improve students’ study time management by regularly emailing students with explicit recommended study activities. It reconceptualizes the syllabus into an interactive guide that fits into modern students' attention streams. Examplify was designed to improve how students learn from worked example problems by modularizing them into steps and scaffolding their metacognitive behaviors though problem-solving and self-explanation prompts. It combines these techniques in a way that is exceedingly easy to author, using existing answer keys and students' self-evaluations.
Nudge and Examplify were evaluated experimentally over a full semester of a lecture-based introductory chemistry course. Nudge messages increased students’ sense of achievement and interacted with students’ existing time management skills to improve exam grades for poorer students. Among students who could choose whether to receive them, 80% did. Students with access to Examplify had higher exam scores (d=0.26), especially on delayed measures of learning (d=0.40). A key design decision in Examplify was not clearly resolvable by existing theory and so was tested experimentally by comparing two variants, one without prompts to solve the steps. The variant without problem solving was less effective (d=0.77) and less used, while usage rates of the variant with problem solving increased over time.
These results support the use of the design methods employed and provide specific empirical recommendations for future designs of these and similar systems for implementing theory in practice.
3
Rabiau, Marjorie Aude. "Balancing temptations and health goals : the role of compensatory health beliefs." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102154.
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Particularly in the health domain, humans thrive to reach an equilibrium between maximizing pleasure and minimizing harm. I propose that a cognitive strategy people employ to reach this equilibrium is the activation of Compensatory Health Beliefs (CHBs). CHBs are beliefs that the negative effects of an unhealthy behavior can be compensated for, or "neutralized," by engaging in another, healthy behavior. "I can eat this piece of cake now because I will exercise this evening" is an example of such beliefs. This thesis presents a theoretical framework which aims at explaining why people create CHBs and how they employ CHBs to regulate their health behaviors. The model extends current health behavior models by explicitly integrating the motivational conflict that emerges from the interplay between affective states (i.e., cravings or desires) and motivation (i.e., health goals). The first study includes a psychometric scale that measures CHBs in the general population and provides data on its reliability and validity. The results showed that scores on the scale were uniquely associated with health-related risk behaviors and symptom reports and could be differentiated from a number of related constructs. Holding CHBs may hinder individuals from acquiring healthier lifestyles, for example lose weight or exercise. The second large-scale study of this thesis aimed at studying CHBs in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It is proposed that in this population, CHBs might interfere with treatment adherence. If compensatory behaviors fail to compensate for the maladaptive behaviors, poor blood glucose control and related health problems may arise. To investigate this further, I developed and validated a CHB scale specific to type 1 diabetes. The scale was validated in a sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Results showed that holding maladaptive compensatory health beliefs was associated with poorer blood glucose control and poorer adherence to self-care behaviors while adaptive CHBs were associated with better blood glucose control and better adherence to treatment behaviors. Specifically targeting CHBs in an intervention could improve adherence to treatment and therefore the long-term health of this population. Future research as well as the implications for possible interventions are explicitly being discussed.
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Ramaswamy, Dhananjay. "The role of lean manufacturing principles and strategic alternatives in achieving business goals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37242.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106).
Lean Manufacturing is widely accepted as a proven method to achieve operational excellence. Many manufacturers undertake lean manufacturing implementations as a strategy to improve competitiveness and realize business objectives. However, despite the wealth of literature on the success of lean manufacturing, it should not be viewed as a panacea for every business situation. A key challenge is to estimate the true benefits that a lean implementation is likely to provide, and compare them to the requirements of the business. This thesis provides a framework for such an analysis in the context of the Detroit Forge facility of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc (AAM). AAM has been facing some significant challenges in the recent past, including skyrocketing steel prices, the prospect of declining sales and contractually fixed labour costs. AAM has launched a corporate wide lean manufacturing initiative to eliminate waste from its plants, and to make them more competitive. The actual improvement achievable at each plant will vary depending upon the current state of the plant, the nature of the operations and type of equipment used.
(cont.) If the expected improvements do not satisfy the business requirements, options beyond the realm of pure operations must be considered, and are referred to as strategic alternatives. The analysis begins by characterising the current state and developing a vision of the future state using the tool of value stream mapping. We develop a model that predicts necessary supermarket buffers, changeovers and working hours as well as the associated costs, based upon fundamental process and plant parameters. The model is applied to the current and future states to predict the financial improvements that could be achieved by the lean initiative, based on the current cost structure of the operation. Finally we propose a framework for developing and analysing possible strategic alternatives to achieve the business goals. A wide range of alternatives was considered, including technology development, labour agreement renegotiation, outsourcing and optimisation of plant loading. This project resulted in the implementation of a pull scheduling system in axle shaft manufacturing, as well as input to the revitalisation efforts at Detroit Forge.
by Dhananjay Ramaswamy.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Fernandez, Miguel Angel. "Epistemic principles, epistemic circularity and the ultimate epistemic goal." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445478/.
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In this work we investigate the feasibility of the project of showing that a certain kind of generalisations that philosophers call 'Epistemic Principles', which state conditions for the achievement of epistemic goods such as justifications and entitlements, fulfil general conditions for their correctness. First, we identify the veritistic commitments underlying the project it is argued that some common interpretations of such commitments are mistaken and a minimal interpretation of them is outlined. The minimal interpretation is then defended against some charges of explanatory deficits. We explicate how the project of showing that an epistemic principle is correct is motivated and constrained by the veritistic commitments expounded in the first chapter. Then we show how a form of epistemic circularity constitutes a major obstacle for that project. We discuss several forms of circularity and argue that only one of them threatens the project, we explain the exact nature of the obstacle it poses for the project. Then we examine various strategies that attempt to avert the obstacle some by freeing the project from the veritistic commitments that constrain it, others by constructing an allegedly apriori way of carrying out the project, without giving up its initial veritistic commitments, and still another by reconceptualising the very explanatory goal of the project. All of them are examined in detail and found unsatisfactory. However, it is argued that the doubt that our results cast on the feasibility of the project does not warrant a generalised pessimism about the possibility of obtaining philosophical knowledge concerning epistemic principles, for the results that sustain that doubt constitute themselves knowledge of epistemic principles.
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Landtblom, Nina. "Swedish Arms Export : An Evaluation from an Ethical and Human Rights Point of View." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226333.
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As an arms-exporting state, Sweden has certain legal responsibilities to ensure that licences authorizing arms exports are in line with existing laws, policies and guidelines. Apart from that, the government has an ethical responsibility to ensure that arms are not exported to countries where they are used to oppress the population and commit human rights abuses. Despite this, questionable and unethical deals are authorized without any accountability being demanded. The main purpose of the essay is to perform a critical ethical analysis of the Swedish arms trade policy, to develop the application of policies in relation to arms trade, and to suggest additional criteria to make this trade more ethically justifiable. Among other things, it is asked whether different goals and principles come into conflict, and if they do, does the “right” goal or principle win? Also, which criteria are necessary to make arms trade ethically justifiable? The essay outlines some additional criteria which could be useful in making the trade ethically justifiable and performs a text analysis on selected documents relating to the arms trade in order to delineate where the inherent issues lie. The conclusion reached is that the different policies, mostly, harmonize, although security and human rights concerns sometimes conflict, which leads to potential serious outcomes. The existing legal and policy framework provides for a robust foundation, although inadequate as contentious arms exports are authorized. However, the imposition of the suggested criteria, especially criteria pertaining to establishing responsibility and accountability in the existing structures, should prove useful.Sverige har, som en vapenexporterande stat, en laglig förpliktelse att säkerställa att licenser som godkänner vapenexporter är i linje med existerande lag, policy och riktlinjer. Utöver det har regeringen ett etiskt ansvar att säkerställa att vapen inte exporteras till länder där de används för att förtrycka invånarna och begå människorättsbrott. Trots detta auktoriseras tvivelaktiga och oetiska exporter utan att någon hålls ansvarig. Huvudsyftet med uppsatsen är att utföra en kritisk etisk analys på svensk vapenexportpolicy, att utveckla tillämpningen av policy i relation till vapenexporten och att föreslå ytterligare kriterier för att säkerställa att exporten blir mer etisk berättigad. Bland annat ställs frågan om olika mål/principer kommer i konflikt med varandra, och om de gör det, vinner det ”rätta” målet/principen? Vilka kriterier är nödvändiga för att göra vapenexporten etiskt berättigad? Uppsatsen föreslår några ytterligare kriterier som kan tänkas vara användbara i strävandet att göra exporten mer etisk berättigad och utför en textgranskning samt analys på utvalda dokument som har ett samband med exporten för att utröna vari konflikter förekommer. Den nådda slutsatsen är att de olika policyerna, för det mesta, harmoniserar med varandra, dock föreligger det ibland en konflikt mellan mänskliga rättigheter och säkerhetsintressen, en konflikt som kan få potentiellt allvarliga konsekvenser. De existerande lagarna och policy tillhandahåller en robust grund, dock är den otillräcklig då problematiska exporter fortfarande förekommer. Dock skulle införandet av de föreslagna kriterierna, framförallt kriterierna som handlar om att etablera ansvar och ansvarskrävande i de existerande strukturerna, vara användbara.
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De, Wet Barrie George. "Converting simplicity as a military strategy principle to a successful tool for strategy execution in a geographically dispersed organisation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23766.
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This research reports a case study conducted to determine whether the application of Simplicity as a military principle can assist a geographically dispersed organisation in executing strategy more effectively. An investigation was conducted into the main reasons why strategy execution is not fully effective in an identified geographical dispersed organisation. A survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify these inhibitors. A comparison with existing literature identified the 4 main requirements to effective strategy execution in this organisation. A review of the application of Simplicity in the military context was completed. A comprehensive literature review, integrated with semi-structured interviews with general staff in the South African Army identified military approaches to Simplicity and its impact on execution successes. A conceptual content analysis matched successful military approaches to Simplicity with the main drivers of ineffective strategy execution in the organisation. The output was strategy execution inhibitors in the organisation, with matched approaches to Simplicity from interviews with military professionals. The compilation of a specific model and tools for simplification was proposed for the organisation. The output was a model for strategy execution at all levels, with tools and techniques discussed to ensure the simplification of strategic objectives in execution. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Sin, Ricky W. C. (Ricky Wai-Chuen). "Goal attainment, social exchange and power relations : a search for guiding principles for organizing strategy." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23315.
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This qualitative research employed the single case study approach to review the process by which service users and the staff of a food bank successfully broke through the bureaucratic resistance and secured new premises from the City of Montreal. This study explores the capacity of weaker parties to achieve their desired goal through strategic intervention on social exchange network despite the pre-existing asymmetric power relations. The conception of goal attainment, power relations and social exchange were discussed in order to develop the research questions. Case materials were collected from multiple sources: documentary research, in-depth interviews, and observation. The findings demonstrate that internal solidarity, potential uses of coalitions and expansion of resource networks are fundamental factors for members of a subordinate group to gain power and to achieve their goals. Implications for community organization practice were drawn from the overview of the empirical findings and theoretical concepts.
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Fallahzadeh, Pardis. "Goal-directed Imitation In Pre-school And Elementary School Children." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613884/index.pdf.
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Imitation is a fundamental way of acquiring knowledge in human development. In their theory of goal-directed imitation (GOADI), Wohlschläger et al. (2003) divide the representation of observed movements into hierarchically organized aspects the highest of which is usually the goal. In a face-to-face imitation task young children usually copy the (spatial) goal of the body movement in terms of perceptual mirror symmetry rather than match them conceptually onto their own body, as adults do. We refer to these imitation schemes as &ldquo
mirroring&rdquo
and &ldquo
matching&rdquo
respectively. In the present study, we investigate the effects of age and perspective of the child with respect to the experimenter (0°
, 90°
, 180°
) in two imitation tasks, a hand-to-ear and a cup-grasping task. Moreover, we evaluate the developmental changes in the imitative behavior of children from a dynamical systems perspective. Children were supposed to imitate the movements of the experimenter. Tasks were conducted on 4.5- to 11-year-old Iranian pre-school and elementary school children (81 female, 84 male). Imitation scores for the spatial goal were analyzed in terms of mirroring or matching. Imitation schemes varied according to age and perspective in both tasks. Overall, older children&rsquo
s imitations of movements were more adult-like as established by an adult Iranian control group than those of the younger ones. They rather matched than mirrored observed movements. In the 180°
and 90°
conditions the mirroring scheme was predominant, but in 0°
matching was predominant. GOADI was confirmed
however it was qualified by the child'
s perspective on the experimenter. Children&rsquo
s imitations showed a non-linear shift from perceptually-based mirroring to conceptually-based matching of observed movements onto their own body. This shift happens between 6 and 8-9 years of age. The amount of matching depends not only on age but also on control parameters such as spatial perspective, task demands, and exposure.
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Kari, Sam Sirox. "The Origin and Setting of the National Goals and Directive Principles in the process of writing the Constitution of Papua New Guinea." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16071/.
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This thesis reveals the origins and meaning of the National Goals and Directive Principles, the processes leading to their tabling, discussion and drafting and the role of the Constitutional Planning Committee and Australia in this process. This thesis investigates for the first time the vision embedded in the National Goals and Directive Principles. The vision of the five National Goals and Directive Principles compelled post- independence governments to deliver social, economic and political development with consideration to equality, economic self-reliance, national sovereignty and protection of the natural environment. The goals were integrated in the constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, however the National Goals and Directive Principles were ignored or only given passing acknowledgement by successive governments. The National Goals and Directive Principles were a road map, which the new nation could follow when the colonial rulers Australia had departed, but some subsequent policies actually contradicted the aspirations, advice and nationalist blueprint declared in the constitution. The translation of the National Goals and Directive Principles to policies implemented by government departments and debated in the House of Assembly comprises the final, but significant, element of this investigation. There has been no major study on the declaration of the National Goals and Directive Principles although 29 years has passed since independence. This thesis reveals the genesis of a national vision and ideas expressed by an educated indigenous elite in Papua New Guinea but mostly influenced by expatriates and foreign consultants over the brief period between responsible government and full independence (1959-1975). The thesis argues that it was more a foreign than home-grown idea that Papua New Guinea would be a viable nation. It identifies the origin of the idea that a nation needed a unifying set of guiding principles and how this vision ended up being embedded in the constitution of the new nation. The central assertion of this thesis is that a vision of the new nation was never agreed upon nor did it emerge from the unique cultures, knowledge and history of Papua New Guinea's people. It argues that Papua New Guinea went through the expected, conventional process of decolonisation and constitution writing, and that declaring a national vision was never central to the rapid development of a political structure. The National Goals and Directive Principles were made to look like a collective indigenous vision, but they emerged from foreign ideas, theory and practice and were used by an educated elite obsessed with and overwhelmed by the rush to take over political and economic power. There was no long-term national vision merely the continuation of the colonial order and the maintenance of borrowed, western ideas, disguised as a national discourse.
Books on the topic "Principled goals"
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Browne, M. Neil. Modern economics: Principles, goals, and trade-offs. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
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Browne, M. Neil. Modern economics: Principles, goals, and trade-offs. London: Prentice-Hall International, 1987.
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National Summit on Mathematics Assessment (1st 1991 April 23-24 Washington, D.C.). For good measure: Principles and goals for mathematics assessment. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.
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), Royalty Management Program (U S. Royalty Management Program: Core purpose, guiding principles, strategic goals. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Royalty Management Program, 1991.
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Force, Cityplan '91 Task. Task Force goals and principles for a new official plan. Toronto: The Task Force, 1989.
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The 15 second principle: Short, simple steps to achieving long-term goals. New York: Berkley Books, 1999.
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The 15-second principle: Short, simple steps to achieving long-term goals. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 2004.
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Haschak, Paul G. Corporate statements: The official missions, goals, principles and philosophies of over 900 companies. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1998.
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Samantha, Dunn, ed. Unleashing the warrior within: Using the 7 principles of combat to achieve your goals. New York: Hyperion, 2000.
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Barykin, Alex, Valentin Ikryannikov, and Yuriy Budkin. National system of standardization of the Russian Federation. Principles, goals, objectives, forecast of development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058023.
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The monograph presents the research questions of efficiency of functioning of national standardization system of the Russian Federation, which was conducted by the authors in the framework of the analytical work on the order of Minpromtorg of Russia in 2018 (the state contract from April 17, 2018 No. 18401.16Д0190019.10.002) taking into account the actual directions of development of national standardization system of the Russian Federation and additional generalizations. The assessment of the current scenario of the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation was carried out using comparable indicators of the national standardization systems of France, Germany, great Britain and the USA. The findings and proposals were based on the results of a survey of civil servants at the Federal and regional levels on approaches to strategic dimensions of standardization. The methodology of forecasting the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation includes a scenario approach and a method of constructing dispersion diagrams (bubble diagrams) and sufficiently illustrates the current state of Affairs in the field of standardization at the national level. The developed tools will require additional configuration when changing the current development scenario from "inertial" to "progressive". A number of author's proposals to change the current scenario of development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation are presented.
It is of interest to a wide range of readers and specialists in the field of public administration, standardization and can be used in the preparation of curricula and manuals for undergraduate, graduate and further education.
Book chapters on the topic "Principled goals"
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Haynes, Stephen N., and William Hayes O’Brien. "Goals." In Principles and Practice of Behavioral Assessment, 61–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47469-9_4.
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Mezitis, Nicholas H. E., and Spyros G. E. Mezitis. "Glycemic Goals." In Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 807–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_39.
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Brillon, David J. "Glycemic Goals." In Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 645–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09841-8_39.
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Brillon, David J. "Glycemic Goals." In Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 491–506. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6260-0_27.
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Mezitis, Nicholas H. E., and Spyros G. E. Mezitis. "Glycemic Goals." In Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_39-1.
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Brus, Marcel M. T. A. "Soft Law in Public International Law: A Pragmatic or a Principled Choice? Comparing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement." In Legal Validity and Soft Law, 243–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77522-7_13.
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Pollock, A. V. "Historical Evolution: Methods, Attitudes, Goals." In Principles and Practice of Research, 7–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96942-3_2.
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Pollock, A. V. "Historical Evolution: Methods, Attitudes, Goals." In Principles and Practice of Research, 3–9. New York, NY: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0371-8_1.
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Zhu, Xiaogang, and Huaiming Zhao. "Goals and Principles of Software Engineering." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 170–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23023-3_26.
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de Souza Mauro, A. Jéssica, Giovanna Guilhen Mazaro Araújo, and José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra. "Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs)." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_15-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Principled goals"
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Regev, G., and A. Wegmann. "Where do goals come from: the underlying principles of goal-oriented requirements engineering." In 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/re.2005.80.
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Askerova, A. E., and L. I. CHernyshova. "Theoretical aspects of management based on the principles of “lean production "." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: TARGETS AND GOALS. "Science of Russia", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-08-2019-33.
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Pechenkina, YU V. "Creating living spaces based on the principles of ancient Indian architecture." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: TARGETS AND GOALS. LJournal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-02-2020-11.
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Strigin, M. B. "Wave function: through the imaginary geometry of Florensky to Mach's principle." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. "Science of Russia", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-06-2020-15.
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Kolmakova, K. A. "Implementation of the principles of administrative procedures when conducting state cadastral assessment." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-02-2021-64.
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Skakovskij, V. YU, and N. A. Budanova. "Communication of foreign students in the intermediate language during the initial stage learning." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-12-2020-25.
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Skripkina, O. V. "PUBLIC NON -FINANCIAL REPORTING: GOALS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMPILATION." In Modern Technologies in Science and Education MTSE-2020. Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/978-5-6044782-6-4-61-67.
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Trbojevic, Vladimir M. "ALARP Principle and Design." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28398.
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The safety framework in most of the industries is based on some kind of goal setting principle, where the safety goals are postulated and not the means of achieving those. This framework has the advantage over the old prescriptive approach to safety, since it not only allows innovation but also encourages more efficient design. The important aspects of goal setting approach is a method (risk criteria) by which the results of a risk analysis can be interpreted in terms of recommendations on the tolerability of the overall facility risk and the optimum design, and the extent to which taking further measures to improve the design and reduce the risk may be justified. In other words, risk criteria should not just drive the risk to the level which is as low as practicable, but should also inspire a designer to seek an optimum design. One such “method” is embodied in the Tolerability Doctrine in the UK in form of the ALARP Principle. This paper sets to explore the ways in which the application of ALARP Principle facilitate search for an optimum design.
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Jokinen, Kristiina. "Goal formulation based on communicative principles." In the 16th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/993268.993273.
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Pshukova, E. M., and N. M. Mirzoeva. "Principles and Key Features of Interactive Teaching and Application Methods modern methodological approaches to teaching histology, cytology and embryology at a medical university." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-02-2021-06.
Full textReports on the topic "Principled goals"
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Hwa, Yue-Yi, Michelle Kaffenberger, and Jason Silberstein. Aligning Levels of Instruction with Goals and the Needs of Students (ALIGNS): Varied Approaches, Common Principles. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2020/022.
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In this Insight Note, we present a set of principles shared by varied approaches that have all succeeded in improving foundational learning in developing countries. These approaches were not explicitly designed with this list of principles in mind; rather, the principles emerged through analysis and synthesis of successful approaches. We call such efforts ALIGNS approaches, which stands for Aligning Levels of Instruction with Goals and the Needs of Students. ALIGNS approaches take many forms, ranging from large-scale policy and curricular reforms to in-school or after-school remedial programmes. In this note, we describe the principles that ALIGNS approaches have in common (Section I); review interdisciplinary evidence on why aligning instruction with children’s learning levels improves learning (Section II); present three cases from across the spectrum of approaches and illustrate how each embodies the ALIGNS principles (Section III); and provide a longer (though not exhaustive) table of programmes that illustrates the range of possible approaches to implementing ALIGNS principles and describes the design features across which they vary (Table 1).
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Walsh, Alex, and Ben Hassine. Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.061.
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This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
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O'Donnell, Kevin, and Anne Greene. A Risk Management Solution Designed to Facilitate Risk-Based Qualification, Validation, and Change Control Activities within GMP and Pharmaceutical Regulatory Compliance Environments in the EU—Part II. Institute of Validation Technology, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21506590.wp7142006agko-rmsdii.
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highlight the need for patient-focused and value-adding qualification, validation, and change control programmes for manufacturing and regulating medicinal products in the EU, which are cost-effective and in-line with current regulatory requirements and guidance. To this end, a formal risk management solution was presented that seeks to demonstrate, in a practical way, how Regulators and Industry in the EU may achieve these goals. This solution represents a formal and rigorous approach to risk management, offering a scientific and practical means for determining and managing, on a risk basis, the scope and extent of qualification and validation, and the likely impact of changes. Based on a ten-step, systematic process, this approach offers a ready-to-use and documented risk management methodology for these activities. This tool is not intended for use in all situations, or to address all risk areas or concerns encountered in GMP and Regulatory Compliance environments. Rather, its use should be commensurate with the complexity and/or criticality of the issue to be addressed, and in many instances, and in-line with ICH Q9 principles, a more informal approach to risk management may be more useful, and indeed proportionate.
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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.
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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.
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Shukla, J. P., and Anupma Verma. Community Leave No One Behind: Handbook For Practitioners. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.015.
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Community-Leave No One Behind (CLNOB) is a new participatory approach to identify both challenges and solutions in community's journeys towards ODF-S. It has been designed to be integrated into Phase II of the Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G). The government of India has issued the guidelines for Phase II of SBM-G, of which one of the guiding principles is ensuring that no one is left behind. CLNOB demonstrates a way to achieve this goal. It encourages communities to identify gaps in sanitation coverage and use and promote actions they can take themselves. The purposes of this handbook are two-fold: first to inform policymakers and stakeholders at all levels about this new initiative, and second to provide guidance to facilitators and practitioners for CLNOB implementation. This handbook is a living document and will be updated and refined after more field experiences are conducted. It is based on limited experience from a small pilot carried out between June and October 2020 during the challenging environment of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.
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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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Lylo, Taras. THE IDEOLOGEME «DICTATORSHIP OF RELATIVISM» IN THE ROBERTO DE MATTEI’S ESSAYS: POSTMODERN AND POST-COMMUNIST CONTEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11100.
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The article considers relativism as a philosophical principle and the moral standpoint of a journalist. In particular, the main argumentation of Roberto de Mattei’s work «Dictatorship of Relativism» is analyzed. Like Ratzinger, the Italian publicist describes modern life as ruled by a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as definitive and whose ultimate goal consists solely of satisfying «the desires of one’s own ego». In his view, the boundaries of the main conflict of modernity lie between two visions of the world: one that believes in the existence of immutable, absolute values, and one that argues that there is nothing stable, that everything is conditional, time-dependent and can be discussed in the media. The markers of this conflict are our attitude to the famous statement of Protagoras about «man as a measure of all things: of the things that are, that they are, of the things that are not, that they are not», as well as to the non-debatable values, the status of natural and positive law, the worldview neutrality, the dehierarchization and multiplicity of truths, the equalization of all worldviews and axiological standpoint in foreign and Ukrainian media. A special attention in the article is paid to the ideological program of media-relativism, as well as to the postmodern and post-communist contexts of the issue of the penetration of relativism into the journalistic values.
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Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.
Full textAbstract:
Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton, and Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.
Full textAbstract:
The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.
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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.