Dissertations / Theses: 'Principles and tasks of the interaction'

1

Gielniak, Michael Joseph. "Adaptation of task-aware, communicative variance for motion control in social humanoid robotic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43591.

Full text

Abstract:

An algorithm for generating communicative, human-like motion for social humanoid robots was developed. Anticipation, exaggeration, and secondary motion were demonstrated as examples of communication. Spatiotemporal correspondence was presented as a metric for human-like motion, and the metric was used to both synthesize and evaluate motion. An algorithm for generating an infinite number of variants from a single exemplar was established to avoid repetitive motion. The algorithm was made task-aware by including the functionality of satisfying constraints. User studies were performed with the algorithm using human participants. Results showed that communicative, human-like motion can be harnessed to direct partner attention and communicate state information. Furthermore, communicative, human-like motion for social robots produced by the algorithm allows humans partners to feel more engaged in the interaction, recognize motion earlier, label intent sooner, and remember interaction details more accurately.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Бурбика, В. О. "Адміністративно-правові засади взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64936.

Full text

Abstract:

Дисертаційна робота присвячена визначенню змісту та особливостей взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Встановлюються сутність та особливості взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Розкриваються мета, завдання та функції взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами, узагальнюються її принципи. Характеризується стан адміністративно-правового регулювання взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Пропонується поняття та окреслюється структура адміністративно-правового механізму взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Встановлюються рівні, види, форми та методи взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами, узагальнюються її процедури. Визначаються організаційні засоби забезпечення взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Вивчається зарубіжний досвід взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами та встановлюються можливості його використання в Україні. Пропонуються напрямки вдосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регулює взаємодію органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами. Оптимізуються критерії оцінювання ефективності взаємодії органів місцевого самоврядування з правоохоронними органами.
В диссертации приведено теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи – определение сущности и особенностей административно-правовых основ взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Устанавливается сущность взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами, под которой предложено понимать совместную, согласованную по ряду условий (факторов) деятельность указанных органов, осуществляемую в порядке и пределах, определенных действующим законодательством Украины, направленную на обеспечение общественного порядка и безопасности, противодействие правонарушениям, защиту прав и законных интересов индивидуальных и коллективных субъектов, а также решение других общественно значимых дел местного характера. Раскрываются цель, задачи и функции взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Обобщаются принципы взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. К общим принципам взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами отнесены следующие: а) принцип верховенства права; б) принцип законности; в) принцип системности; г) принцип профессионализма; г) принцип равенства. К специальным принципам отнесены следующие: а) принцип непрерывности; б) принцип оперативности и целесообразности; в) принцип юридической ответственности; г) принцип общности интересов; д) принцип оптимальности; е) принцип научности; ж) принцип социальной защиты; з) принцип плановости. Характеризуется состояние административно-правового регулирования взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Предлагается понятие административно-правового механизма взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Выделяются следующие структурные элементы административно-правового механизма взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами: административно-правовые нормы, реализация административно-правовых норм, административно-правовые отношения, правовая культура и законность. Устанавливаются уровни, виды, формы и методы взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Определяется понятие процедуры взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления и правоохранительных органов, под которой следует понимать установленный действующим законодательством Украины порядок действий органов местного самоуправления и правоохранительных органов при осуществлении их совместной деятельности для достижения общей цели. Изучается зарубежный опыт взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами, устанавливаются возможности его использования в Украине. Предлагаются направления совершенствования административного законодательства, регулирующего взаимодействие органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами. Оптимизируются критерии оценки эффективности взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с правоохранительными органами.
The thesis is focused on the definition of the content and features of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies. The essence and features of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies have been established. The objective, tasks and functions of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies have been revealed; its principles have been generalized. The author has characterized the state of administrative and legal regulation of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies. The author has suggested the concept and has outlined the structure of administrative and legal mechanism of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies. Levels, types, forms and methods of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies have been established; their procedures have been generalized. The organizational means of ensuring interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies have been determined. International experience of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies has been studied; and the possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine have been established. The author has offered directions of improving administrative legislation, which regulates interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of interaction between local self-governments and law enforcement agencies have been optimized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hofmann, Andreas G. (Andreas Gunther). "Robust execution of bipedal walking tasks from biomechanical principles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38444.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-352).
Effective use of robots in unstructured environments requires that they have sufficient autonomy and agility to execute task-level commands successfully. A challenging example of such a robot is a bipedal walking machine. Such a robot should be able to walk to a particular location within a particular time, while observing foot placement constraints, and avoiding a fall, if this is physically possible. Although stable walking machines have been built, the problem of task-level control, where the tasks have stringent state-space and temporal requirements, and where significant disturbances may occur, has not been studied extensively. This thesis addresses this problem through three objectives. The first is to devise a plan specification where task requirements are expressed in a qualitative form that provides for execution flexibility. The second is to develop a task-level executive that accepts such a plan, and outputs a sequence of control actions that result in successful plan execution. The third is to provide this executive with disturbance handling ability. Development of such an executive is challenging because the biped is highly nonlinear and has limited actuation due to its limited base of support. We address these challenges with three key innovations.
(cont.) To address the nonlinearity, we develop a dynamic virtual model controller to linearize the biped, and thus, provide an abstracted biped that is easier to control. The controller is model-based, but uses a sliding control technique to compensate for model inaccuracy. To address the under-actuation, our system generates flow tubes, which define valid operating regions in the abstracted biped. The flow tubes represent sets of state trajectories that take into account dynamic limitations due to under-actuation, and also satisfy plan requirements. The executive keeps trajectories in the flow tubes by adjusting a small number of control parameters for key state variables in the abstracted biped, such as center of mass. Additionally, our system uses a novel strategy that employs angular momentum to enhance translational controllability of the system's center of mass. We evaluate our approach using a high-fidelity biped simulation. Tests include walking with foot-placement constraints, kicking a soccer ball, and disturbance recovery.
by Andreas G. Hofmann.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sylaidi, Anastasia. "Principles of sensorimotor control and learning in complex motor tasks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58234.

Full text

Abstract:

The brain coordinates a continuous coupling between perception and action in the presence of uncertainty and incomplete knowledge about the world. This mapping is enabled by control policies and motor learning can be perceived as the update of such policies on the basis of improving performance given some task objectives. Despite substantial progress in computational sensorimotor control and empirical approaches to motor adaptation, to date it remains unclear how the brain learns motor control policies while updating its internal model of the world. In light of this challenge, we propose here a computational framework, which employs error-based learning and exploits the brain’s inherent link between forward models and feedback control to compute dynamically updated policies. The framework merges optimal feedback control (OFC) policy learning with a steady system identification of task dynamics so as to explain behavior in complex object manipulation tasks. Its formalization encompasses our empirical findings that action is learned and generalised both with regard to a body-based and an object-based frame of reference. Importantly, our approach predicts successfully how the brain makes continuous decisions for the generation of complex trajectories in an experimental paradigm of unfamiliar task conditions. A complementary method proposes an expansion of the motor learning perspective at the level of policy optimisation to the level of policy exploration. It employs computational analysis to reverse engineer and subsequently assess the control process in a whole body manipulation paradigm. Another contribution of this thesis is to associate motor psychophysics and computational motor control to their underlying neural foundation; a link which calls for further advancement in motor neuroscience and can inform our theoretical insight to sensorimotor processes in a context of physiological constraints. To this end, we design, build and test an fMRI-compatible haptic object manipulation system to relate closed-loop motor control studies to neurophysiology. The system is clinically adjusted and employed to host a naturalistic object manipulation paradigm on healthy human subjects and Friedreich’s ataxia patients. We present methodology that elicits neuroimaging correlates of sensorimotor control and learning and extracts longitudinal neurobehavioral markers of disease progression (i.e. neurodegeneration). Our findings enhance the understanding of sensorimotor control and learning mechanisms that underlie complex motor tasks. They furthermore provide a unified methodological platform to bridge the divide between behavior, computation and neural implementation with promising clinical and technological implications (e.g. diagnostics, robotics, BMI).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lu, Karyn Y. "Interaction Design Principles for Interactive Television." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6962.

Full text

Abstract:

Interactive television (iTV) is an umbrella term used to cover the convergence of television with digital media technologies such as computers, personal video recorders, game consoles, and mobile devices, enabling user interactivity. Increasingly, viewers are moving away from a "lean back" model of viewing to a more active "lean forward" one. When fully realized on a widespread scale in the United States, our current experience of watching television will be dramatically transformed. Because iTV is a new medium in its own right, however, standards for iTV programming and interaction in the United States remain undefined. This document identifies and articulates interaction design principles for interactive television programming in the United States. Chapter one presents a brief survey of the field as it stands in 2005. In chapters two and three, I categorize iTV by platforms and by persistent television genres, and present representative examples for each category. In chapter four, I provide an overview of existing design standards in related areas. Insights from chapters two, three, and four all serve to inform chapter five, in which I propose principles for iTV interaction design by looking closely at existing designs (both deployed and prototyped), conventions, and patterns of interaction. My analyses are rooted in visual culture and human-computer interaction design principles, and the design principles I offer are abstracted from the applications I analyze within this framework. Finally, in chapter six, I offer some conclusions and thoughts for future directions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Foy, Lindsay. "Developing interaction potentials from first principles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3795.

Full text

Abstract:

Interaction potentials for the double-perovskite cryolite, Na3AlF6, have been developed for use in classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations using a method whereby ionic configurations are generated with empirical pair potentials, the multipoles and forces on the ions and the stress tensor of the cell are extracted from ab initio single-point DFT calculations, and then the multipoles, forces and stresses from the MD simulations are ‘fit’ to the ab initio quantities in a series of steps in which the potential parameters are optimized, for models of varying complexity. Previously, interaction potentials have been developed empirically by tuning the parameters to reproduce experimentally-derived properties such as structure factors and densities, and so the testing and development of the newer method is necessary in order to standardize a way of obtaining potentials from first principle considerations. A fitted potential was then used to characterize the ion dynamics in crystalline cryolite: a monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition and the low-temperature-phase tilt-domain structure of the AlF3− 6 , the dominant structural features, are reproduced. The motional processes, which have been studied indirectly in NMR, conductivity and diffraction experiments, include oscillation of the AlF3− 6 and sodium ion diffusion - it has been suggested that these occur at a remarkably fast rate. The nature of the AlF3− 6 oscillatory motion is studied in more depth than accessible to experiment, and its connection with diffusion is investigated. Given the intrinsically defective nature of cryolite and the absence of diffusion in the initial simulations, defects are introduced to observe their effect on the dynamics: they are shown to be necessary for diffusion. This work has been written up in an article accepted for publication in the Journal of Physical Chemistry. The ab initio potentials developed as above involve representing a system with formally charged monatomic ions. We extended the scope of the method significantly with technical developments to allow for the inclusion of molecular ions, such as the hydroxide ion, the sulphate ion or the uranyl ion, where the intraionic bonding has significant covalent character. The appropriate modifications of the MD code were made and a modified force-fitting procedure was developed. The new method was applied to Mg(OH)2 which is an important mineral (brucite) and to the melts of uranyl chloride which are of interest in nuclear waste reprocessing. Although we found good potentials were harder to obtain for these compounds, we found this arose from their layered structure rather than the molecular nature of the ions, and that our method could achieve a level of success approaching that used in the cryolite work on further iterations of the fitting process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Van, Huyssteen A. "Principles of form-focused tasks for Xhosa second language at tertiary level." University of the Western Cape, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8290.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor Educationis
This study explores the principles of form-focused tasks for Xhosa second language at tertiary level. The latest developments in second language acquisition and in pedagogy are reviewed. The study field of second language acquisition developed from within the confines of applied linguistics as the result of a search for more effective language teaching methodology. While acknowledging the fact that Universal Grammar plays a role in the acquisition of both a first and a second language, there is general agreement that there is a difference between the two processes. A prominent issue in current second language acquisition research is the degree of access that a learner has to Universal Grammar in the acquisition of a second language. Some salient features of Universal Grammar such as principles and parameter settings, markedness, transfer and fossilization are explored in this study. Different syllabus types are reviewed. Task-based syllabus types are described as a suitable syllabus type for the current paradigm. Input enhancement in terms of a focus on form is suggested as a way to achieve effective second language learning and teaching. Ways to adapt study materials according to the requirements of a task-based approach are explored.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Науменко, С. М. "Адміністративно-правові засади взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами". Thesis, Університет сучасних знань, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/73035.

Full text

Abstract:

Дисертаційну роботу присвячено комплексному дослідженню сутності, змісту та особливостей адміністративно-правових засад взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами та напрямків їх удосконалення з урахуванням вітчизняної практики та зарубіжного досвіду. Визначено систему правоохоронних органів, які взаємодіють з експертними установами, та зміст даної взаємодії. З’ясовано завдання та функції експертних установ як суб’єктів взаємодії з правоохоронними органами. Досліджено компетенцію експертних установ та визначено їх права та обов’язки при взаємодії з правоохоронними органами. Встановлено юридичні гарантії експертних установ у взаємовідносинах з правоохоронними органами. Визначено зміст та особливості юридичної відповідальності експертів. З’ясовано сутність та структуру адміністративно-правового механізму взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами. Виокремлено основні напрямки взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами та визначено порядок їх реалізації. Систематизовано адміністративно-правові форми та методи взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами. Встановлено організаційні засади взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами. Проаналізовано зарубіжний досвід організації взаємодії експертних установ з правоохоронними органами та визначено можливості його використання в Україні. Обгрунтовано основні напрямки вдосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регулює взаємодію експертних установ з правоохоронними органами.
Диссертационная работа посвящена комплексному исследованию сущности, содержания и особенностей административно-правовых основ взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами и направлений их совершенствования с учетом отечественной практики и зарубежного опыта. Определены система правоохранительных органов, взаимодействующих с экспертными учреждениями, и содержание данного взаимодействия. Взаимодействие экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами определено как основанная на нормах законодательства общая, согласованная по целям, задачам, времени, месту и другими условиями их деятельность, направленная на выполнение задач в сфере уголовного судопроизводства и других случаев применения специальных знаний. Выяснены задачи и функции экспертных учреждений как субъектов взаимодействия с правоохранительными органами. Исследована компетенция экспертных учреждений и определены их права и обязанности при взаимодействии с правоохранительными органами. Установлены юридические гарантии экспертных учреждений во взаимоотношениях с правоохранительными органами. Определены содержание и особенности юридической ответственности экспертов. Выяснены сущность и структура административно-правового механизма взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами. Выделены основные направления взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами и определен порядок их реализации. Систематизированы административно- правовые формы и методы взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами. Установлены организационные основы взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами. Проанализирован зарубежный опыт организации взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами и определены возможности его использования в Украине. Сделан вывод, что совершенствование административного законодательства целесообразно осуществить по двум направлениям: совершенствование правовой регламентации административно- правового статуса эксперта и экспертных учреждений как субъектов взаимодействия с правоохранительными органами; улучшение организационно- правовых основ взаимодействия экспертных учреждений с правоохранительными органами. По каждому из указанных направлений предоставлены обоснованные предложения по внесению изменений в законодательство.
The dissertation is focused on the comprehensive study of the essence, content and peculiarities of administrative and legal principles of the interaction between expert institutions and law enforcement agencies and directions of their improvement taking into account national practice and international experience. The system of law enforcement agencies interacting with expert institutions and the content of this interaction have been determined. The task and functions of expert institutions as subjects of the interaction with law enforcement agencies have been found out. The competence of expert institutions has been studied; and their rights and obligations while the interaction with law enforcement agencies, have been determined. Legal guarantees of expert institutions within the relationship with law enforcement agencies have been established. The content and features of legal liability of experts have been determined. The essence and structure of administrative and legal mechanism of the interaction between expert institutions and law enforcement agencies has been revealed. The main directions of the interaction of expert institutions with law enforcement agencies have been outlined and the procedure for their implementation has been determined. The author has systematized administrative and legal forms and methods of the interaction between expert institutions and law enforcement agencies. The organizational principles of the interaction of expert institutions with law enforcement agencies have been established. International experience of organizing the interaction of expert institutions with law enforcement agencies and the possibilities of its application in Ukraine have been analyzed. The basic directions for improving administrative legislation, which regulates the interaction of expert institutions with law enforcement agencies, have been substantiated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Steinicke, Frank. "Multimodal metaphors for generic interaction tasks in virtual environments." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982808488.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Di, Stefano Davide [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Elsässer. "First-principles investigation of hydrogen interaction with metals." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122831072/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Williams, Brian Charles. "Invention from first principles via topologies of interaction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39954.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-297).
by Brian Charles Williams.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Steinicke, Frank. "Universal interaction in virtual reality systems : design of multimodal metaphors for generic interaction tasks /." Saarbrücken : VDM-Verl. Dr. Müller, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3024857&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Steinicke, Frank. "Universal interaction in virtual reality systems design of multimodal metaphors for generic interaction tasks." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/986384976/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Пєтухов, А. Ю. "Адміністративно-правове забезпечення взаємодії влади та бізнесу в Україні". Thesis, Приватний вищий навчальний заклад "Університет сучасних знань"; Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/85425.

Full text

Abstract:

Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено визначенню сутності, змісту та розкриттю особливостей взаємодії влади та бізнесу в Україні. Визначається сутність та значення взаємодії влади та бізнесу в державі. Встановлюється мета, принципи та завдання взаємодії влади та бізнесу в Україні. Узагальнюються підходи до визначення бізнесу як об’єкту адміністративно-правового регулювання, визначається його сутність та особливості. Характеризуються правові засади взаємодії влади та бізнесу в Україні та розкривається місце серед них адміністративно-правового регулювання. Окреслюється система суб’єктів взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні та визначаються особливості їх адміністративно-правового статусу. Формується уявлення про рівні взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні. Розкриваються напрями взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні. Систематизуються адміністративно-правові форми та методи взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні. Окреслюються перспективні напрями використання в Україні зарубіжного досвіду взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні. Формуються напрями удосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регулює взаємодію влади та бізнесу. Визначаються перспективи удосконалення організаційних засад взаємодії між владою та бізнесом в Україні.
Диссертационная работа посвящена комплексному исследованию административно-правового обеспечения взаимодействия власти и бизнеса в Украине и путей его совершенствования с учетом отечественной практики и зарубежного опыта. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию сущности взаимодействия власти и бизнеса в государстве как процесса взаимного влияния субъектов друг на друга, что проявляется в урегулированном законом сотрудничестве, которое осуществляется путем достижения общих мероприятий, нацеленных на решение конкретных вопросов и принятия соответствующих решений. Доказано, что целями взаимодействия власти и бизнеса являются: 1) быстрая реализация важнейших проектов и ускорение развития регионов; 2) получение прибыли; 3) достижение положительных экономических и социальных результатов как для власти, так и для бизнеса; 4) удовлетворение общественных потребностей; 5) создание дополнительных рабочих мест; 6) повышение уровня экономических и социальных условий; 7) развитие бизнеса; 8) создание условий для повышения конкурентоспособности государственного и частного секторов экономики. Сформировано представление о задачах и принципах взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом, проведена их классификация. Выяснено, что принципы взаимодействия власти и бизнеса по их детализации и влиянию на общественные отношения классифицируются на общие социальные принципы, к которым относятся принципы равенства перед законом, согласование интересов. открытости и прозрачности, взаимной ответственности, и специально- юридические принципы, к которым относится соответствие потребностям общества, общественной, результативности и принципа учета опыта иностранных государств в процессе формирования взаимодействия власти и бизнеса. Исследована сущность и особенности бизнеса как объекта административно- правового регулирования. Охарактеризованы правовые основы взаимодействия власти и бизнеса в Украине и определено место среди них административно- правового регулирования. Определено, что система субъектов взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом в Украине составляют: 1) государственные органы, к полномочиям которых отнесено решение вопросов, связанных с возникновением, развитием и прекращением правоотношений в сфере взаимодействия с частными учреждениями; 2) хозяйственные организации; 3) граждане Украины, иностранцы и лица без гражданства, а также лица, которые осуществляют хозяйственную деятельность и зарегистрированные в соответствии с законом как предприниматели, а также исследованы особенности их административно- правового статуса. Сформировано представление об уровнях взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом в Украине. Исследованы направления взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом и определены их понятия как предусмотренные административно-правовыми нормами стратегические пути деятельности субъектов взаимодействия, направленные на достижение цели взаимодействия и быструю реализацию важнейших проектов и ускорения развития регионов, получения прибыли, достижения положительных экономических и социальных результатов как для власти, так и для бизнеса, удовлетворения общественных потребностей и уровня экономических и социальных условий, развитие бизнеса, создание условий для повышения конкурентоспособности государственного и частного секторов экономики. Определено, что административно-правовой формой взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом является внешнее выражение содержания действий, которые совершаются в пределах компетенции уполномоченными субъектами органов государственной власти в сфере взаимодействия и частного сектора, и направлены на обеспечение их эффективной совместной работы с целью непосредственного воплощения, реализации и внедрения действенного механизма взаимодействия в конкретных общественных отношениях. Исследованы методы взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом и определено, что основными методами взаимодействия являются методы планирования, прогнозирования, контроля, информационного обеспечения и экономические методы. Обосновано значение использования в Украине зарубежного опыта и на примере положительного опыта США, Великобритании, Польши и Германии, выделены основные возможности его использования в Украине в исследуемые проблематике. Определено, что основными направлениями совершенствования административного законодательства, регулирующего взаимодействие власти и бизнес является: 1) внесение изменений в действующее законодательство, а также имплементация международного законодательства, с целью его унификации и понимание участниками взаимодействия; 2) введение унифицированных форм взаимодействия власти и частного сектора; 3) введение единого электронного реестра договоров, заключаемых при взаимодействии власти и бизнеса; 4) установление четкого распределения компетанционных функций между субъектами взаимодействия; 5) введение единой системы ответственности и разрешения споров, возникающих в сфере взаимодействия власти и бизнеса. Обоснованы и исследованы основные пути совершенствования организационных основ взаимодействия между властью и бизнесом в Украине.
The dissertation research is focused on determining the essence, content and revealing the specific features of the interaction of government and business in Ukraine. The essence and significance of the interaction of government and business in the state has been defined. The purpose, principles and tasks of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine have been established. The author has generalized approaches on determining business as an object of administrative and legal regulation; has defined its essence and specific features. The author has characterized legal principles of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine and has revealed the place of administrative and legal regulation among them. The system of subjects of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine has been outlined and specific features of their administrative and legal status have been determined. The author has formed the idea about the levels of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine. The directions of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine have been revealed. Administrative and legal forms and methods of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine have been systematized. Perspective directions of using international experience of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine have been outlined. The author has formed the areas for improving administrative legislation, which regulates the interaction between government and business. Perspectives for improving the organizational principles of the interaction between government and business in Ukraine have been defined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Jenabi, Mahsa [Verfasser]. "PrIME: Primitive Interaction Tasks for Multi-Display Environments / Mahsa Jenabi." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017933898/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Liu, Can. "Embodied Interaction for Data Manipulation Tasks on Wall-sized Displays." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS207/document.

Full text

Abstract:

De grands ensembles de données sont de plus en plus utilisés dans divers domaines professionnels, tels que la médecine, la sociologie et l'économie. Ceci pose de nombreux défis dans leurs utilisations pour, par exemple, les classifier et la prise de décision. Pour cela nous n'avons pas seulement besoin d'algorithmes élaborés pour leur traitement, il faut aussi que les utilisateurs puissent visualiser et interagir avec les données pour pouvoir les appréhender et éventuellement corriger ou vérifier les traitement fait par les machines. Cette thèse explore cette problématique en étudiant l'interaction d'utilisateurs avec de grands ensembles de données sur des murs d'écrans.Le corps humain est fait pour interagir avec le monde physique, du microscopique aux grandes échelles. Nous pouvons naturellement nous coordonner pour voir, entendre, toucher et nous déplacer pour interagir avec l'environnement à diverses échelles. Au-delà d'un individu, les êtres humains collaborent en communicant et en se coordonnant. En suivant la définition de Dourish, l'Interaction Incorporée encourage les concepteurs d'interaction de profiter de l'expérience existante du monde physique des utilisateurs lors de la conception de l'interaction avec les interfaces numériques.Je soutiens que les grands espaces interactifs permettent une interaction incorporée de l'utilisateur avec des données répartis dans l'espace, en tirant parti des capacités physiques des utilisateurs, comme la marche, l'approche et l'orientation. Au-delà d'un simple utilisateur, ces environnements permettent aussi à plusieurs utilisateurs d'interagir ensemble en utilisant la communication verbale et gestuelle tout en ayant une conscience de la présence physique de chacun. Alors que dans le cadre mono-utilisateur, de nombreuses recherches portent sur la transformation d'actions physiques en modalités d'entrées, le cas des relations entre plusieurs utilisateurs a été très peu étudié. Dans cette thèse, je présente tout d'abord une expérience qui évalue formellement l'avantage pour un utilisateur d'exécuter une tâche de manipulation de données sur un grand mur d'écrans par rapport à un ordinateur de bureau. Cette expérience montre que les mouvements physiques de l'utilisateur l'aide à naviguer dans une grande surface de données, et permet de surpasser les techniques de navigation existantes sur un ordinateur de bureau tels que les techniques de Focus+Contexte. Avec la même tâche expérimentale, j'étudie ensuite la manipulation de données collaborative avec un mur d'écrans, en imposant différents styles de collaboration, de étroitement couplées à lâche. L'expérience mesure l'effet de l'introduction d'une technique d'interaction partagée, dans lequel les collaborateurs effectuent chacun une partie d'une action pour émettre une commande. Les résultats montrent les avantages d'une telle technique en termes d'efficacité, d'engagement des utilisateurs, ainsi que de fatigue physique. Enfin, j'explore le concept d'augmentation de l'interaction humain-à-humain avec des techniques d'interaction partagées, et je propose un espace de conception pour ces techniques pour facilité la manipulation de données collaborative. Je présente la conception, la mise en œuvre et l'évaluation d'un ensemble de ces techniques, ainsi que les travaux futurs qui en découlent
Large data sets are used acceleratingly in various professional domains, such as medicine and business. This rises challenges in managing and using them, typically including sense-making, searching and classifying. This does not only require advanced algorithms to process the data sets automatically, but also need users' direct interaction to make initial judgment or to correct mistakes from the machine work. This dissertation explores this problem domain and study users' direct interaction with scattered large data sets. Human body is made for interacting with the physical world, from micro scope to very large scales. We can naturally coordinate ourselves to see, hear, touch and move to interact with the environment in various scales. Beyond individual, humans collaborate with each other through communication and coordination. Based on Dourish's definitioncite{2001:AFE:513034}, Embodied Interaction encourages interaction designers to take advantage of users' existing skills in the physical world, when designing the interaction with digital artefacts. I argue that large interactive spaces enable embodied user interaction with data spread over space, by leveraging users' physical abilities such as walking, approaching and orienting. Beyond single users, co-located environments provide multiple users with physical awareness and verbal gestural communication. While single users' physical actions have been augmented to be various input modalities in existing research, the augmentation of between-user resources has been less explored. In this dissertation, I first present an experiment that formally evaluates the advantage of single users performing a data manipulation task on a wall-sized display, comparing to on a desktop computer. It shows that using users' physical movements to navigate in a large data surface, outperforms existing digital navigation techniques on a desktop computer such as Focus+Context. With the same experimental task, I then study the interaction efficiency of collaborative data manipulation with a wall-sized display, in loosely or closely coupled collaboration styles. The experiment measures the effect of providing a Shared Interaction Technique, in which collaborators perform part of an action each to issue a command. The results conclude its benefits in terms of efficiency, user engagement as well as physical fatigue. Finally, I explore the concept of augmenting human-to-human interaction with shared interaction techniques, and illustrate a design space of such techniques for supporting collaborative data manipulation. I report the design, implementation and evaluation of a set of these techniques and discuss the future work

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Chen, Wenxue. "Patterns of interaction in communicative tasks : effects on learner performance." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.717021.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the social relationships learners establish during peer interaction and how these distinct relationships affect second language (L2) learners' task performance. The social relationships formed during peer interaction are referred to as patterns of interaction in second language acquisition (SLA) research. Drawing on cognitive and sociocultural approaches, the study looks at the performance of 12 Chinese university learners (i.e., six dyads) when completing two types of task: a writing dictogloss (paired text reconstruction) and an oral jigsaw task (paired storytelling). The tasks were designed to be communicative and to encourage learners' use of the simple past tense in English. The research participants were asked to complete three versions of their task on a bi-weekly basis. The qualitative analysis focused on the identification of the dyadic relationships, while the quantitative analyses included counting the salient features in each pattern and the learners' production and awareness of the past tense. The pair talk data was also triangulated with individual participants' interviews to support the research findings. In addition to the relationships identified by previous studies (e.g., dominant/passive, expert/novice), the jigsaw task in the present study elicited two emerging patterns of interaction: tutor/tutee and dominant/assistant. The findings also show that the participants explored and adjusted their relationships during their interactions, and four of the six dyads were able to achieve a collaborative pattern of interaction through task type repetition. Learners in the collaborative dyads encountered equal opportunities within their pairs to explore the simple past tense and scaffolded each other to raise their awareness of it and produce the form more accurately, whereas participants forming a non-collaborative relationship failed to engage with each other's production and may have missed opportunities to learn from each other.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kaipa, Ramesh. "Evaluation of principles of motor learning in speech and non-speech-motor learning tasks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10349.

Full text

Abstract:

Principles of motor learning (PMLs) refer to a set of concepts which are considered to facilitate the process of motor learning. PMLs can be broadly grouped into principles based on (1) the structure of practice/treatment, and (2) the nature of feedback provided during practice/treatment. Application of PMLs is most evident in studies involving non-speech- motor tasks (e.g., limb movement). However, only a few studies have investigated the application of PMLs in speech-motor tasks. Previous studies relating to speech-motor function have highlighted two primary limitations: (1) Failure to consider whether various PMLs contribute equally to learning in both non-speech and speech-motor tasks, (2) Failure to consider whether PMLs can be effective in a clinical cohort in comparison to a healthy group. The present research was designed to shed light on whether selected PMLs can indeed facilitate learning in both non-speech and speech-motor tasks and also to examine their efficacy in a clinical group with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in comparison to a healthy group. Eighty healthy subjects with no history of sensory, cognitive, or neurological abnormalities, ranging 40-80 years of age, and 16 patients with PD, ranging 58-78 years of age, were recruited as participants for the current study. Four practice conditions and one feedback condition were considered in the training of a speech-motor task and a non-speech- motor task. The four practice conditions were (1) constant practice, (2) variable practice, (3) blocked practice, and (4) random practice. The feedback was a combination of low-frequency, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance, and delayed feedback conditions, and was paired with each of the four practice conditions. The participants in the clinical and non-clinical groups were required to practise a speech and a non-speech-motor learning task. Each participant was randomly and equally assigned to one of the four practice groups. The speech-motor task involved production of a meaningless and temporally modified phrase, and the non-speech-motor task involved practising a 12-note musical sequence using a portable piano keyboard. Each participant was seen on three consecutive days: the first two days served as the acquisition phase and the third day was the retention phase. During the acquisition phase, the participants practised 50 trials of the speech phrase and another 50 trials of the musical tune each day, and each session lasted for 60-90 min. Performance on the speech and non-speech tasks was preceded by an orthographic model of the target phrase/musical sequence displayed on a computer monitor along with an auditory model. The participants were instructed to match their performance to the target phrase/musical sequence exactly. Feedback on performance was provided after every 10th trial. The nature of practice differed among the four practice groups. The participants returned on the third day for the retention phase and produced 10 trials of the target phrase and another 10 trials of the musical sequence. Feedback was not provided during or after the retention trials. These final trials were recorded for later acoustic analyses. The analyses focused on spatial and temporal parameters of the speech and non-speech tasks. Spatial analysis involved evaluating the production accuracy of target phrase/tune by calculating the percentage of phonemes/keystrokes correct (PPC/PKC). The temporal analysis involved calculating the temporal synchrony of the participant productions (speech phrase & tune) during the retention trials with the target phrase and tune, respectively, through the phi correlation. The PPC/PKC and phi correlation values were subjected to a series of mixed model ANOVAs. In the healthy subjects, the results of the spatial learning revealed that the participants learned the speech task better than the non-speech (keyboard) task. In terms of temporal learning, there was no difference in learning between the speech and non-speech tasks. On an overall note, the participants performed better on the spatial domain, rather than on the temporal domain, indicating a spatial-temporal trade-off. Across spatial as well as temporal learning, participants in the constant practice condition learned the speech and non-speech tasks better than participants in the other practice conditions. Another interesting finding was that there was an age effect, with the younger participants demonstrating superior spatial and temporal learning to that of the older participants, except for temporal learning on the keyboard task for which there was no difference. In contrast, the PD group showed no significant differences on spatial or temporal learning between any of the four practice conditions. Furthermore, although the PD patients had poorer performances than the healthy subjects on both the speech and keyboard tasks, they showed very similar pattern of learning across all four practice conditions to that of the healthy subjects. The findings in the current study tend to have potential applications in speech-language therapy, and are as follows: (1) a constant practice regime could be beneficial in developing speech therapy protocols to treat motor-based communication disorders (e.g., dysarthria), (2) speech therapists need to exercise caution in designing speech therapy goals incorporating similar PMLs for younger and older adults, as the application of similar PMLs in younger and older adults may bring about different learning outcomes, (3) and finally, it could be beneficial for patients to practise speech tasks which would require them to focus either on the spatial or temporal aspect, rather than focussing on both the aspects simultaneously.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Vo, Dao Minh. "Assessment of haptics-based interaction for assembly tasks in virtual reality." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bellingham, Laura. "Principles of social attraction in female Barbary macaques, Macaca sylvanus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250369.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Zou, Bin. "Ships in ice, the interaction process and principles of design." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23115.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Dillon, Andrew, Lisa Kleinman, Gil Ok Choi, and Randolph Bias. "Visual search and reading tasks using ClearType and regular displays: two experiments." ACM, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105230.

Full text

Abstract:

Two experiments comparing user performance on ClearType and Regular displays are reported. In the first, 26 participants scanned a series of spreadsheets for target information. Speed of performance was significantly faster with ClearType. In the second experiment, 25 users read two articles for meaning. Reading speed was significantly faster for ClearType. In both experiments no differences in accuracy of performance or visual fatigue scores were observed. The data also reveal substantial individual differences in performance suggesting ClearType may not be universally beneficial to information workers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Erlandsson, Mikael. "Usability in Transportation : Improving the analysis of cognitive work tasks." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala : Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 2006. http://www.it.uu.se/research/publications/lic/2006-004/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Waldhart, Jules. "A NEW FORMULATION AND RESOLUTION SCHEMES FOR PLANNING COLLABORATIVE HUMAN-ROBOT TASKS." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0047.

Full text

Abstract:

Les robots interagissant avec des humains doivent se comporter en adéquation avec certaines de nos règles sociaux-culturelles, qui doivent être considérées par chaque composant du robot. Lorsqu’il décide d’une action à faire et de comment l’exécuter, le système a besoin de communiquer l’information contextuelle pertinente à chacun de ses composants afin qu’ils puissent respecter ces règles. Il est essentiel que de tels robots puissent se coordonner sans accrocs avec leur partenaires humains. Nous humains utilisons de nombreux signaux de synchronisation notamment via le regard, la lisibilité de nos gestes ou par le dialogue. Nous inférons efficacement les possibilités d’actions de nos partenaires, ce qui nous aide à anticiper ce qu’ils vont ou devraient faire afin de mieux planifier nos propres actions. Dans le domaine de l’interaction Homme-robot, ces capacités sont essentielles. Cette thèse présente notre approche pour résoudre deux tâches où humains et robots collaborent étroitement: un problème de transport d’objet où plusieurs robots et humain doivent ou peuvent se faire passer un objet de main à main pour l’amener d’un endroit à un autre, et une tâche de guide où le robot aide des humains à s’orienter en utilisant dialogue, navigation et mouvements déictiques (pointage). Nous présentons notre implantation de ces composants et de leur articulation dans le cadre d’une d’architecture où l’information contextuelle est transmise des plus hauts niveaux de décision vers les plus bas qui l’utilisent pour s’adapter. Le robot planifie aussi pour les actions des humains, comme dans un système multi-robot, ce qui lui permet de ne pas être dans l’attente des actions des humains, mais d’être proactif dans la proposition d’une solution, et d’anticiper leurs actions futures
When interacting with humans, robotic systems shall behave in compliance to some of our socio-cultural rules, and every component of the robot have to take them into account. When deciding an action to perform and how to perform it, the system then needs to communicate pertinent contextual information to its components so they can plan respecting these rules. It is also essential for such robot to ensure a smooth coordination with its human partners. We humans use many cues for synchronization like gaze, legible motions or speech. We are good at inferring what actions are available to our partner, helping us to get an idea of what others are going to do (or what they should do) to better plan for our own actions. Enabling the robot with such capacities is key in the domain of human-robot interaction. This thesis presents our approach to solve two tasks where humans and robots collaborate deeply: a transport problem where multiple robots and humans need to or can handover an object to bring it from one place to another, and a guiding task where the robot helps the humans to orient themselves using speech, navigation and deictic gestures (pointing). We present our implementation of components and their articulation in a architecture where contextual information is transmitted from higher levels decision components to lower ones, which use it to adapt. Our planners also plan for the human actions, as in a multi-robot system: this allows to not be waiting for humans to act, but rather be proactive in the proposal of a solution, and try to predict the actions they will take

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sohaib, Amir Khan Muhammad, and Tariq Ashraf. "Tentative Interaction Design Principles for the Design of Online Booking Systems." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20382.

Full text

Abstract:

We see this world rich with culture, emotion, and human connections. The human built world can afford a sense of beauty, sublimity, and resonance, and through our advancements in technology also bringing the advancements in society. At the center of these advancements are interactions, conversations, connections, collaborations, and relationships, within and across multiple disciplines, with and without technology. For the last decades, as the computer technologies have been developing, the importance of human-computer systems interaction problems are also growing with the passage of time. This is not only because of the computer systems performance and characteristics have been improved, but also due to the growing number of computer users and of their expectations about general computer systems capabilities as universal tools for human work and life facilitation. Interface design is important for several reasons and the current growth of the different web applications are characterized by an increasing availability of online different services or products trading and different search facilities like flight search web sites, provided by most commercial airlines. In this study we will therefore create an understanding of the most important interaction design principles for the designers of online booking systems. The research methodology used in the research is design and creation. The method components used in this study are documents and interviews. The theoretical study has identified some important aspects covering the human computer interaction, usability of interactive interface, user feedback and the user-centered design approach for the development of such online booking systems. These aspects have been verified through the three interviews with the interviewees having different experience levels. The result shows that the interaction design is really important in designing of interactive online booking system. Therefore, the designers of such systems need to have an understanding of the most important design principles like the usability and functionality of the system, the approach should be iterative in design, provide proper feedback, minimum steps in booking process, risk management, and user-centered approach should be included in your design principles. It is also important for the designers of online booking systems to be aware of the usability factor of the system. The cognitive psychology is also vital for designers to understand how users think and perceive things. Designers need to have a good balance between context and graphics of the interface of such systems. The result also has been shown in the design of prototype with the most important interaction design principles and other factors.
Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Aguilera, Camilo. "Retention and productivity in industrial search and scan tasks." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wikstén, Louise. "Aiding financial operators when completing daily tasks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210185.

Full text

Abstract:

The engagement in multiple activities in the workplace leads to the challenge of managing several tasks. When managing multiple tasks, it may be difficult to remember to complete all tasks. Within an operations team at a hedge fund, there are demands that all trades are reported by the end of the day to the correct prime brokerage. This thesis examines the research question: How can a GUI be designed to remind and aid users to verify that trade information has been managed correctly? The research was conducted at a financial company, and focused on improving the workflow for one of the company’s clients and its operations team. To identify the challenges of a financial operator, contextual inquiries were conducted, followed by a design workshop to generate design ideas. The results were used as inspiration for the prototype of a GUI. The prototype was evaluated through cognitive walkthroughs, expert review, and with end users. The prototype was found to aid financial operators to verify if there was any work left, but the reminder aspect would need to be examined with a real system during an extended period.
Att engagera sig i flertalet aktiviteter på en arbetsplats leder till utmaningen att hantera många uppgifter. När det finns många uppgifter att hantera, kan det vara svårt att komma ihåg att slutföra alla uppgifter. Inom ett operationsteam på en hedgefond finns krav att alla värdepappersaffärer ska vara rapporterade innan dagens slut till rätt huvudmäklarfirma (prime brokerage). Denna uppsats undersöker forskningsfrågan: Hur kan ett GUI designas för att påminna och underlätta för användaren att verifiera att information om värdepappersaffärer har hanterats korrekt? Forskningen genomfördes på ett finansiellt företag och fokuserade på att underlätta arbetsflödet för en av företagets kunder och dess operationsteam. För att identifiera utmaningarna för en finansiell operatör genomfördes kontextuella intervjuer, vilka följdes av en designworkshop för att generera designidéer. Resultaten användes som inspiration till en prototyp för ett GUI. Prototypen utvärderades genom kognitiv genomgång (cognitive walkthrough), expertgranskning och med slutanvändare. Prototypen ansågs underlätta för finansiella operatörer att verifiera om det fanns kvarvarande uppgifter, men påminnelseaspekten skulle behöva undersökas ytterligare med ett fullt utvecklat system under en längre period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Bowman, Douglas A. "Interaction techniques for common tasks in immersive virtual environments : design, evaluation, and application." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8141.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Tobon, Carolina. "Evaluating geovisualisation and user interaction : an experimental design approach based upon user tasks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405460.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Good, Jeffrey Scott. "Multitasking and attention in interaction dealing with multiple tasks in everyday family life /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1906575041&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Chipalkatty, Rahul. "Human-in-the-loop control for cooperative human-robot tasks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43649.

Full text

Abstract:

Even with the advance of autonomous robotics and automation, many automated tasks still require human intervention or guidance to mediate uncertainties in the environment or to execute the complexities of a task that autonomous robots are not yet equipped to handle. As such, robot controllers are needed that utilize the strengths of both autonomous agents, adept at handling lower level control tasks, and humans, superior at handling higher-level cognitive tasks. To address this need, we develop a control theoretic framework that seeks to incorporate user commands such that user intention is preserved while an automated task is carried out by the controller. This is a novel approach in that system theoretic tools allow for analytic guarantees of feasibility and convergence to goal states which naturally lead to varying levels of autonomy. We develop a model predictive controller that takes human input, infers human intent, then applies a control that minimizes deviations from the intended human control while ensuring that the lower-level automated task is being completed. This control framework is then evaluated in a human operator study involving a shared control task with human guidance of a mobile robot for navigation. These theoretical and experimental results lay the foundation for applying this control method for human-robot cooperative control to actual human-robot tasks. Specifically, the control is applied to a Urban Search and Rescue robot task where the shared control of a quadruped rescue robot is needed to ensure static stability during human-guided leg placements in uneven terrain. This control framework is also extended to a multiple user and multiple agent system where the human operators control multiple agents such that the agents maintain a formation while allowing the human operators to manipulate the shape of the formation. User studies are also conducted to evaluate the control in multiple operator scenarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Roselli, Néstor. "Collaborative construction using chat in different tasks." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101459.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to characterize the chat collaborative interaction of two partners in six kinds of cognitive tasks. The central hypothesis was that the task nature determines a particular kind of collaborative interaction. The six tasks tested were: to solve a logical problem, to compose a story, to read a data table, to rank opinions, to bring a scientific explanation of a domestic situation, to interpret the signification of a literature text. The 11 dyads of the sample were formed by university students. Results show significant differences between the tasks concerning the sociocognitive interaction, specially the logical-intelligent tasks related the open-interpretative tasks. Finally, there is a great difference between tasks in the personal evaluation of the difficulty and interest of each one.
El objetivo fue caracterizar la interacción colaborativa de díadas, a través del chat, en seis tareas cognitivas: resolver un problema lógico, elaborar una historia, leer una tabla de datos, ordenar jerárquicamente opiniones, brindar una explicación científica de un hecho fáctico e interpretar un texto literario. La hipótesis central era que el tipo de tarea implica distintos tipos de intercambio colaborativo. Se examinaron 11 díadas de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran diferencias muy significativas entre las seis tareas en lo que hace al patrón sociocognitivo, sobre todo entre las tareas lógico-inteligentes y las tareas abiertas o interpretativas. Finalmente, hay diferencias muy notorias en la evaluación metacognitiva que hacen los participantes del grado de dificultad e interés de cada tarea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Stork, Jeremy Adam Joseph. "Towards engineering principles for human-computer interaction (domestic energy planning and control)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402071.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Johansson, Robert. "Metal Hydrogen Interaction and Structural Characterization of Amorphous Materials from first principles." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299940.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory have been employed to investigate metal hydrogen interaction in transition, p-block and rare earth metals. Furthermore, the accuracy of the stochastic quenching method was tested in describing the structure of amorphous Fe(1-x)Zrx. The investigated systems of transition metal hydrides are V-H and ScZr(CoNi)2-H. For V-H, the main focus of the studies is the effect that strain has on the potential energy landscape which governs the metal hydrogen interactions. The investigation has focused on how the properties of hydrogen occupancy in the interstitial sites changes with strain and also how the hydrogen atoms themselves exert strain on the vanadium structure to lower the energy. Results on diffusion, induced strain and zero-point energy are presented which all reveal the considerable difference between tetrahedral and octahedral site occupancy. Diffusion was studied by employing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to obtain diffusion coefficients and to map the movement of the hydrogen atom. A description of hydrogen in vanadium is provided from a fundamental basis that is expected to be applicable to any lattice gas system. For ScZr(CoNi)2-H, the difference of hydrogen occupancy in various interstitial sites and the hydrogen-induced strain was also investigated through calculations of the change in total volume as a function of hydrogen concentration. The fundamental properties of metal hydrogen bonding were investigated by studying the Zintl phase hydrides that are constituted of the electropositive metal of Nd or Gd and the electronegative metal Ga. Mixing metals of very different electronegativity gives rise to an intricate potential energy landscape in which the incorporation of hydrogen will have a big effect on both the electronic and atomic structure. From the theoretical side of the investigation, structural parameters are presented along with the density of states and Bader charge analysis to describe the hydrogen induced changes to the atomic and electronic structures. Finally, the accuracy of the stochastic quenching method in describing amorphous Fe(1-x)Zrx was evaluated by comparing simulated and measured EXAFS spectra. Once the structural agreement had been established the simulated structures were characterized through radial distribution functions and an analysis of the short-range order from Voronoi tessellation. The structural changes with respect to the composition parameter x were also evaluated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yen, Man-Ching. "Principles For The Successful Development of Social Playthings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282317713.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Casallas, suarez Juan Sebastian. "Prediction of user action in moving-target selection tasks." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0018/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La sélection de cibles en mouvement est une tâche courante et complexe dans l'interaction homme-machine (IHM) en général et en particulier dans le domaine de la réalité virtuelle (RV). La prédiction de l'action est une solution intégrale pour aborder les problèmes liés à l'interaction. Cependant, les techniques actuelles de prédiction sont basées sur le suivi continu des actions de l'utilisateur sans prendre en compte la possibilité que les actions d'atteinte d'une cible puissent avoir une composante importante préprogrammée—cette théorie est appelé la théorie du contrôle préprogrammé.En se basant sur la théorie du contrôle préprogrammé, cette thèse explore la possibilité de prédire les actions, avant leur exécution, de sélection d'objets en mouvement. Plus spécifiquement, trois niveaux de prédiction d'action sont étudiés : 1) la performance des actions, mesurée par le temps de mouvement (TM) nécessaire pour atteindre une cible, 2) la difficulté prospective (DP), qui représente la difficulté subjective de la tâche estimée avant son exécution, 3) l'intention de l'utilisateur, qui indique la cible visée par l'utilisateur.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des modèles de prédiction d'intention sont développés à l'aide des arbres de décision ainsi que des fonctions de classement—ces modèles sont évalués dans deux expériences en RV. Des modèles 1-D et 2-D de DP pour des cibles en mouvement basés sur la loi de Fitts sont développés et évalués dans une expérience en ligne. Enfin, des modèles de TM avec les mêmes caractéristiques structurelles des modèles de DP sont évaluées dans une expérience 3-D en RV
Selection of moving targets is a common, yet complex task in human–computer interaction (HCI), and more specifically in virtual reality (VR). Action prediction has proven to be the most comprehensive enhancement to address moving-target selection challenges. Current predictive techniques, however, heavily rely on continuous tracking of user actions, without considering the possibility that target-reaching actions may have a dominant pre-programmed component—this theory is known as the pre-programmed control theory.Thus, based on the pre-programmed control theory, this research explores the possibility of predicting moving-target selection prior to action execution. Specifically, three levels of action prediction are investigated: 1) action performance measured as the movement time (MT) required to reach a target, 2) prospective difficulty (PD), i.e., subjective assessments made prior to action execution; and 3) intention, i.e., the target that the user plans to reach.In this dissertation, intention prediction models are developed using decision trees and scoring functions—these models are evaluated in two VR studies. PD models for 1-D, and 2-D moving- target selection tasks are developed based on Fitts' Law, and evaluated in an online experiment. Finally, MT models with the same structural form of the aforementioned PD models are evaluated in a 3-D moving-target selection experiment deployed in VR

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Masliah, Maurice R. "Measuring the allocation of control in 6 degree of freedom human-computer interaction tasks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63712.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Husain, Ahraz. "Understanding How Developers Work on Change Tasks Using Interaction History and Eye Gaze Data." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452160567.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Chen, Longfei. "Analysis and Modeling of Machine Operation Tasks using Egocentric Vision." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ravenel, John Bishop. "Applying human-machine interaction design principles to retrofit existing automated freight planning systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122253.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
With the increased application of cognitive computing across the spectrum of industries, companies strive to ready their people and machines for future system change. Based on resource constraints, business needs, and the speed of change, many companies may opt for system augmentation rather than the adoption of entirely new systems. At the same time, changes in technology are increasing at paces never before realized. Against this backdrop, human actors and machines are working together interactively in new and increasing ways. Further, recent business model innovations, particularly in the retail space, have cast focus on logistics execution as a potential major competitive advantage. In this context, we considered the conceptual question of how best to iteratively improve a logistics planning system, which is composed of both human and machine actors, to reduce transportation and labor costs and increase the ability of the organization to think and act strategically.
In order to front these current technological realities - the need to stage for agent based systems and cognitive computing, the likelihood of system retrofit over rebuild, the ever increasing rate of change, and the rapid intertwining of human and machine roles - we proposed using human-machine interaction (HMI) design paradigms to retrofit an existing loosely coupled human-machine planning system. While HMI principles are normally applied to tightly coupled systems such as jet airplanes, the HMI architectural design applied novelly in this case showed significant application to an existing loosely coupled planning system. In addition to meeting the realities of today's competitive landscape, the developed HMI framework is tailored to a retrofit situation and also meets resiliency considerations. That novel conceptual proposal of HMI frameworks to an existing loosely coupled joint cognitive planning system shows tremendous promise to address these imminent realities.
With regards to the particular freight planning system considered, 71% of manual interventions were caused by the wrong sourcing facility being assigned to supply pallets to a customer. The remaining intervention causes were carrier changes 18%, customer restrictions 9%, and one change prompted by a data discrepancy. Further, at a conceptual level, the application of HMI frameworks to an existing freight planning system was effective at isolating data and alignment incongruences, displayed lower communication costs than recurrent system rework processes, and tethered well with system resiliency factors.
by John Bishop Ravenel.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Vikström, Cecilia. "Interface design of a financial application with usability principles." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-628.

Full text

Abstract:

Ma’at Solution är ett Österrikiskt företag beläget i Linz, som utvecklar affärssystem specialiserade på aktieportföljsoptimering och värdepappers hantering. Företaget önskar komplettera sin nuvarande produkt Ma’at Invest med en Internetversion som delvis ska fungera som substitut men också som komplement till huvudprogrammet.Projektet kallades Ma’at Online. Man vill använda sig av de fördelar som finns i och med det nuvarande Java-utvecklingsverktyget- Eclipse. Exempel på fördelar är möjligheten att förstora och förminska önskade fönster vid behov. Genom det nyutvecklade Adobe (förut Macromedia) Flex är detta nu möjligt även på Internet. Ur denna idé utvecklades ett övergripande mål:

- Skapa ett användarvänligt gränssnitt för Ma’at Online med hjälp av Adobe Flex.

Initialt analyserades arbetsflödet i det existerande programmet med hjälp av UMLnotation. På så sätt var det enklare att förstå hur programmet var uppbyggt och vilka funktioner som ansågs nödvändiga. Vidare definierades målgruppen för att förstå hur programmet ska användas och vilka krav som bör ställas. Dessa krav utarbetades ytterligare och användes sedan för att omforma arbetsflödet från den nuvarande applikationen. Därefter utvecklades en alternativ design som mötte de utsatta kraven. Slutligen testades programmet på användarna för att säkerställa användbarheten.

Ytterligare lades kraft på att skapa ett gränssnitt som tog vara på fördelarna med animation och användarmanipulation för att skapa ett bättre och enklare arbetsflöde som förhindrar frustration och misstag och som istället hjälper användaren vid behov.

Ur datateknisk synpunkt undersöktes vilka komponenter som borde användas och hur de kunde skapas i Adobe Flex med hjälp av programmeringsspråket ActionScript.

Projektet resulterade i ett användarvänligt och estetiskt gränssnitt baserad på ny revolutionerande teknik som talar till rätt målgrupp och uppfyller de för programmet uppsatta målen.

Av utvecklingsarbetet med Adobe Flex har slutsatsen dragits att tekniken fortfarande har komplikationer, men att inom ett par år kommer de funktioner som är vanligt förekommande i standardprogram användas på Internet.

Ma’at Solutions is an Austrian software company located in Linz. The company is specialized in financial business applications such as portfolio management systems.The company wishes to extend its existing product Ma’at Invest with an Internet version that will work as a substitute or complement to the main program. The project is named Ma’at Online. Ma’at Solutions would like to use the advantages in the present program developed in the Java development environment -Eclipse. An example of features that the company would like to transfer to the online version is that the user can enlarge or minimize windows on request. Through the newly released Adobe (former Macromedia) Flex this is possible even on the Internet. From this a general goal was established:

- Create the Ma’at Online interface with an optimal usability approach in Adobe Flex.

The workflow in the existing application was analyzed with UML-modeling notation. In this way it was easier to understand the purpose of the program and which functions were required. Furthermore the target user was defined to acquire the needs of the users. These requirements were then developed even more and were used in the remodeling of the workflow to better suit an Internet version. In addition to that, an alternative design was developed, that met the requirements stated in the prior stage. At last an evaluation was performed and a test study of the finished prototype was conducted to make sure that the program meets the requirements.

During the development process, time was spent on trying to use the advantages of animations and interaction manipulations to create a better and easier workflow that prevents the user from frustration and errors. Instead it is supposed to provide help to the user when needed. The components in the Adobe Flex were investigated and tested to see how they could be created in the scripting language Action Script and if they could fit into the application.

The result of the project was that the application is user-friendly and has an aesthetic interface based on an edge-cutting technology.

The conclusion of the development process in Adobe Flex is that the technology still has complications, however in a few years, the eatures used in standalone programs will be used on the Internet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Blomqvist, Jesper. "Evaluating the Game Approachability Principles for Designing Strategy Game Tutorials." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177546.

Full text

Abstract:

The approachability of a game is determined by the ease of which a player may learn how to play it. Most often, the player is taught how to play a game during a specially designed first level, called the tutorial level. In order to evaluate the approachability of a game, Desurvire et al. created the Game Approachability Principles (GAP) and suggested that GAP could potentially also be used to design game tutorials. This was tested in this paper by using GAP during an iterative design process of a strategy game tutorial. Each tutorial iteration was user-tested and heuristically evaluated. This study suggested that the use of GAP during the design process had resulted in a successful game tutorial. However, as there was a difference between identifying and solving an issue, some revisions to GAP were suggested to improve the usage during design processes’.
Desto större och mer avancerat ett spel är, desto svårare kan det vara att lära sig. Moderna spel böjar ofta med att låta spelaren spela en övningsbana, även kallad “tutorial”, för att lära spelaren spelet. För att mäta hur väl ett spel går att lära sig tog Desurvire et al. fram “speltillgänglighetsprinciperna”, eller “The Game Approachability Principles” (GAP). Det föreslogs även att GAP skulle vara användbara vid skapandet av övningsbanor. I den här rapporten utvärderades det påståendet genom att applicera GAP vid skapandet av en övningsbana till ett strategispel. Slutsatsen blev att användandet av GAP resulterat i en framgångsrik övningsbana, men att principerna är möjliga att anpassa ytterliggare för användandet vid designprocesser. Därför föreslogs en reviderad version av principerna.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Horne, Rory Michael. "Usability Assessment of a Powered Wheelchair Controller: How Impairments Affect Human Computer Interaction Based Tasks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10412.

Full text

Abstract:

Problem: Designing the user experience is a growing trend in product design; however this trend has not greatly benefited people with impairments and disabilities. There are no practical tools to broadly assist with this issue. There is a need for standardized measures to quantify impairment, a model to predict how designs may perform and a need for data regarding how people with impairments interact with consumer technology. Purpose: To conduct a usability analysis with an industry partner on their powered wheelchair controller using participants with varying impairments. The industry partner was seeking better insight into the benefits of formal user testing. Method: Forty consenting adults were given a score representing their level of impairment using six measures from the International Classification of Functioning (ICF). These measures were identified by the researcher to affect interaction with a device. Performance was measured by time taken to complete tasks, errors made, reported task difficulty and reported controller usability. Results: Performance was reduced in participants with a higher ICF score and age. An ICF score less than or equal to 2 was 117 times more likely to not complete the tasks, greater than or equal to 3 was not able to complete the experiment. Age >50 years took an average 79 seconds longer than <35 years to complete a task and reported greater difficulty, more errors and a lower usability for the controller. Implications: Low to moderate levels of impairment has a significantly negative effect on the usability of common devices. Difficulties were mostly cognitive with participants unable to create an accurate mental model of the system. Participants with lower performance tended to be overly optimistic about their abilities. Mistakes were the greatest source of error followed by lapses and almost no reported or observed slip errors. Original Contribution: The ICF has never been used as a metric for usability testing. This study successfully applied the ICF alongside other measures to prove its validity. Based on the results and current literature the Task Process Model was created to provide a simple and practical way to describe the interaction of people completing a task of basic to moderate complexity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

MarjanoviÄ, Matthew J. (Matthew Josef). "Teaching and old robot new tricks : learning novel tasks via interaction with people and things." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17589.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-173).
As AI has begun to reach out beyond its symbolic, objectivist roots into the embodied, experientialist realm, many projects are exploring different aspects of creating machines which interact with and respond to the world as humans do. Techniques for visual processing, object recognition, emotional response, gesture production and recognition, etc., are necessary components of a complete humanoid robot. However, most projects invariably concentrate on developing a few of these individual components, neglecting the issue of how all of these pieces would eventually fit together. The focus of the work in this dissertation is on creating a framework into which such specific competencies can be embedded, in a way that they can interact with each other and build layers of new functionality. To be of any practical value, such a framework must satisfy the real-world constraints of functioning in real-time with noisy sensors and actuators. The humanoid robot Cog provides an unapologetically adequate platform from which to take on such a challenge. This work makes three contributions to embodied AI. First, it offers a general-purpose architecture for developing behavior-based systems distributed over networks of PC's. Second, it provides a motor-control system that simulates several biological features which impact the development of motor behavior. Third, it develops a framework for a system which enables a robot to learn new behaviors via interacting with itself and the outside world. A few basic functional modules are built into this framework, enough to demonstrate the robot learning some very simple behaviors taught by a human trainer.
(cont.) A primary motivation for this project is the notion that it is practically impossible to build an "intelligent" machine unless it is designed partly to build itself. This work is a proof-of-concept of such an approach to integrating multiple perceptual and motor systems into a complete learning agent.
by Matthew J. MarjanoviÄ.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Hwang, Jung-Hee. "Collaborative output tasks and their effects on noticing student-student interaction and second language learning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019894/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Eiriksdottir, Elsa. "The role of principles in instructions for procedural tasks: timing of use, method of study, and procedural instruction specificity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42819.

Full text

Abstract:

Including domain rules and generalities (principles) in instructions for procedural tasks is believed to help learners understand the task domain (or the system), and in turn make them better able to complete tasks. However, equivocal results of prior research indicate that principles are not always beneficial. The goal of the current research was to delineate the characteristics of the conditions under which principles are useful. In two studies I investigated the impact of the timing of principle use, the method used to study the principles, and the specificity of the procedural instructions accompanying the principles. The first study showed that the timing of principle use (studying the principles before, during, or after completing training tasks) did not affect declarative (knowledge of the system) or procedural learning (troubleshooting task performance). Therefore, the commonly advocated idea that principles should be provided before task engagement was not supported. Neither was the hypothesis that using principles while solving tasks would enhance procedural learning. When learners summarized the principles, they demonstrated better declarative learning compared to when they just read the principles. Better declarative learning was associated with better procedural learning, but the relationship between understanding and using a system is likely not as direct as often assumed. In the second study declarative and procedural learning were enhanced when the principles were accompanied by general rather than detailed procedural instructions. General procedural instructions appeared to encourage task engagement and the effective use of principles although this effect was reduced if leaners were required to summarize the principles rather than simply read them. Together the results of the two studies reveal how the learning situation and instructional materials can be constructed to create conditions where principles enhance learning and subsequent performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Thornburg, Kristopher M. "The effect of positive and negative messages on problem solving in computer programming tasks." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/608.

Full text

Abstract:

Many supervisory control systems require the operator to solve any problems that the system's automation cannot accommodate. Consequently, this class of systems would benefit from designs and methods which improve operator problem solving performance. Currently, human factors researchers develop designs and methods emphasizing the cognitive capacities and abilities of operators. For the most part, these approaches neglect the emotional state of the operator, although emotion has been shown to have an important impact on performance in many other domains. This dissertation introduces the modified Multidimensional Problem Solving (m-MPS) Model, a theoretical model predicting how affect, one aspect of emotion, will influence problem solving performance. The model was tested in an experiment in which 32 participants attempted to correct a series of 5 bugs in a computer program. During their task, they received compiler messages with keywords specifically chosen to create a positive or negative affective state. The model predicted that the participants with messages designed to increase positive affect would seek solutions with a more divergent thought process, and this would be indicated with a more diverse set of problem-solving approaches, along with higher scores on a divergent thought measuring test administered throughout the experiment. Those with less positive affect would seek solutions in a smaller, less creative space and demonstrate less divergent thought. Unfortunately, the feedback messages did not appear to evoke an emotional response powerful enough to create a measurable change in emotional state. However, the messages did affect various aspects of the participants' performance in ways consistent with the model, including fewer repeated solutions with increasing divergent thought scores (F(1,423) = 12.39, p < 0.01) and the probability of continuing the problem solving process declines with each unsuccessful attempt (Z = -2.98, p = 0.003). The most compelling result was that participants receiving the negative messages were significantly less likely to successfully complete the problem-solving task (Wald Χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.044). These results suggest that in human-computer interactions, messages are an important factor in creative problem solving performance. Further research is necessary to determine the source of these effects in supervisory control interfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Durek, Pawel. "Comparative analysis of molecular interaction networks : the interplay between spatial and functional organizing principles." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3143/.

Full text

Abstract:

The study of biological interaction networks is a central theme in systems biology. Here, we investigate common as well as differentiating principles of molecular interaction networks associated with different levels of molecular organization. They include metabolic pathway maps, protein-protein interaction networks as well as kinase interaction networks. First, we present an integrated analysis of metabolic pathway maps and protein-protein interaction networks (PIN). It has long been established that successive enzymatic steps are often catalyzed by physically interacting proteins forming permanent or transient multi-enzyme complexes. Inspecting high-throughput PIN data, it has been shown recently that, indeed, enzymes involved in successive reactions are generally more likely to interact than other protein pairs. In this study, we expanded this line of research to include comparisons of the respective underlying network topologies as well as to investigate whether the spatial organization of enzyme interactions correlates with metabolic efficiency. Analyzing yeast data, we detected long-range correlations between shortest paths between proteins in both network types suggesting a mutual correspondence of both network architectures. We discovered that the organizing principles of physical interactions between metabolic enzymes differ from the general PIN of all proteins. While physical interactions between proteins are generally dissortative, enzyme interactions were observed to be assortative. Thus, enzymes frequently interact with other enzymes of similar rather than different degree. Enzymes carrying high flux loads are more likely to physically interact than enzymes with lower metabolic throughput. In particular, enzymes associated with catabolic pathways as well as enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of complex molecules were found to exhibit high degrees of physical clustering. Single proteins were identified that connect major components of the cellular metabolism and hence might be essential for the structural integrity of several biosynthetic systems. Besides metabolic aspects of PINs, we investigated the characteristic topological properties of protein interactions involved in signaling and regulatory functions mediated by kinase interactions. Characteristic topological differences between PINs associated with metabolism, and those describing phosphorylation networks were revealed and shown to reflect the different modes of biological operation of both network types. The construction of phosphorylation networks is based on the identification of specific kinase-target relations including the determination of the actual phosphorylation sites (P-sites). The computational prediction of P-sites as well as the identification of involved kinases still suffers from insufficient accuracies and specificities of the underlying prediction algorithms, and the experimental identification in a genome-scale manner is not (yet) doable. Computational prediction methods have focused primarily on extracting predictive features from the local, one-dimensional sequence information surrounding P-sites. However the recognition of such motifs by the respective kinases is a spatial event. Therefore, we characterized the spatial distributions of amino acid residue types around P-sites and extracted signature 3D-profiles. We then tested the added value of spatial information on the prediction performance. When compared to sequence-only based predictors, a consistent performance gain was obtained. The availability of reliable training data of experimentally determined P-sites is critical for the development of computational prediction methods. As part of this thesis, we provide an assessment of false-positive rates of phosphoproteomic data.
Ein zentrales Thema der Systembiologie ist die Untersuchung biologischer Interaktionsnetzwerke. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden gemeinsame sowie differenzierende Prinzipien molekularer Interaktionsnetzwerke untersucht, die sich durch unterschiedliche Ebenen der molekulareren Organisation auszeichnen. Zu den untersuchten Interaktionsnetzwerken gehörten Netzwerke, die auf metabolischen Wechselwirkungen, physikalischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen und Kinase-Interaktionen aufbauen. Zunächst wird eine integrativen Analyse der metabolischen Pfade und Protein Interaktionsnetzwerke vorgestellt. Es wird seit schon seit langem angenommen, dass aufeinander folgende enzymatische Schritte oft durch permanente oder transiente Multienzymkomplexe, die auf physikalischen Wechselwirkungen der involvierten Proteine basieren, katalysiert werden. Diese Annahme konnte durch die Auswertung von Ergebnissen aus Hochdurchsatz-Experimenten bestätigt werden. Demnach treten aufeinander folgende Enzyme häufiger in physikalische Wechselwirkung als zufällige Enzympaare. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht in ihrer Analyse weiter, in dem die Topologien der zugrundeliegenden Netzwerke, die auf metabolischen und physikalischen Wechselwirkungen basieren verglichen werden und der Zusammenhang zwischen der räumlichen Organisation der Enzyme und der metabolischen Effizienz gesucht wird. Ausgehend von Interaktionsdaten aus Hefe hat die Analyse der auf metabolischen und physikalischen Wechselwirkungen aufbauenden Interaktionswege eine weitgehende Korrelation der Distanzen aufgezeigt und somit eine wechselseitige Übereinstimmung der Architekturen nahegelegt. Allerdings folgen physikalische Wechselwirkungen zwischen metabolischen Enzymen anderen organisatorischen Regeln als Proteininteraktionen im allgemeinem PIN, das alle Proteininteraktionen enthält. Während Proteininteraktionen im allgemeinen PIN sich dissortativ verhalten, sind physikalische Enzyminteraktionen assortativ, d.h. dass die Anzahl der Interaktionen benachbarter Proteine im allgemeinem Netzwerk negativ und im metabolischen Netzwerk positiv korreliert. Ferner scheinen Enzyme von höherem metabolischen Durchsatz häufiger in Wechselwirkungen involviert zu sein. Enzyme der zentralen katabolischen Prozesse sowie der Biosynthese komplexer Membranlipide zeigen dabei einen besonders hohen Verknüpfungsgrad und eine dichte Clusterbildung. Einzelne Proteine wurden identifiziert, die die Hauptkomponenten des zellulären Metabolismus verbinden und so die Integrität verschiedener biosynthetischer Systeme essenziell beeinflussen könnten. Neben dem metabolischen Aspekt der PIN wurde auch der Aspekt der Regulation sowie der Signaltransduktion, der Kinase-Interaktionen, näher analysiert. Dabei wurden charakteristische topologische Unterschiede der mit dem Metabolismus und der Phosphorylierung assoziierten PIN gefunden, die die unterschiedlichen Aufgaben beider Netzwerke widerspiegeln. Die Rekonstruktion von Phosphorylierungs-Netzwerken basiert im Wesentlichen auf der Vorhersage von Kinase-Zielprotein Relationen und kann deshalb immer noch an der nicht genügenden Vorhersagegüte der angewandten Vorhersage-Algorithmen während der Bestimmung von Phosphorylierungsstellen (P-Stellen) und der dazugehörigen Kinasen leiden. Auch die experimentelle, genomweite Bestimmung der P-Stellen ist (noch) nicht durchführbar. Bisherige computergestützte Vorhersagemethoden beruhten für gewöhnlich auf der Auswertung charakteristischer Merkmale der lokalen, die P-Stelle umgebenden Proteinsequenz. Dieser Ansatz wird durch die Verwendung räumlicher 3D-Information in der vorliegenden Arbeit erweitert. Hierbei wird die Verteilung der Aminosäuren um die P-Stelle berechnet und spezifische 3D-Signaturen zur Vorhersage extrahiert. Beim Vergleich mit sequenz-basierten Vorhersagemethoden konnte eine konsistente Verbesserung der Vorhersage durch die Einbeziehung räumlicher Information gezeigt werden. Weiterhin wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit auch der Frage nach der Fehlerrate der experimentellen Phosphoprotein-Daten nachgegangen und ihre Verlässlichkeit bewertet. Die Verfügbarkeit eines verlässlichen Datensatzes ist bei der Entwicklung einer Vorhersagemethode ein entscheidendes Kriterium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Havlik, Michele Lynne, and havlik@optusnet com au. "An investigation of Interaction Design principles, for use in the design of online galleries." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080213.091808.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: This research is the culmination of a four-year investigation and analysis into the principles of Interaction Design, particularly those that are found to be most suitable when designing and developing interactive navigation systems. The research was undertaken as a Masters degree by project. The project consists of a CD containing an online gallery showcasing works of art and an accompanying exegesis. The exegesis is structured into seven chapters, which consider, analyse and define what the key characteristics of Interaction Design are, where it comes from, and how it improves the quality of interactive multimedia applications. The exegesis includes four case studies that look at how other practitioners in the digital realm have created systems for showcasing narrative or creative content online. I examine alternative artworks and how they have shaped the development of creative media. I investigate what experts in the field define as good Interaction Design and what guidelines and principles they recommend. I show how these guidelines conflict with more creative approaches and how good design and creativity can be merged to be usable and friendly to users. I also look at the history of opponents of guidelines and principles and how their contribution helps make design better. By creating the example gallery I aim to help designers working within the field of ID to understand the principles behind good design in order that they may deliver higher-quality user experiences relevant to the content they are displaying. By creating this gallery I also hope to help artists understand the principles behind good design in order that they may showcase their artworks in ways appropriate to their artwork. By designing and building an example I aim to provide a better understanding of how to construct a feature-rich application in an easy to use and understandable environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Betancourt, Angel E. "First principles calculations of the interaction of rare-gas atoms with transition metal surfaces." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341150.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Principles and tasks of the interaction'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles