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Habibis, Daphne. "A comparative study of the workings of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order in Lebanon and the UK." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281924.
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The thesis studies two groups of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. One is in Tripoli, north Lebanon, and has a loose membership of about 60 people. The other is based in London and has about 100 members, most of whom are Western Muslim converts. Sufism is Islamic mysticism. Sufis claim to emulate the mYbtical practices of the Prophet Muhammad which they believe were transmitted in their complete form to his first and fourth Caliphs. Sufi Orderb were first formalibed in the 9th c e n t u r ya . do and by -the- I-3th c en tu ryh-ad- gained an l.J ne a 5 y acceptance by orthodox Islam. They rapidly became an integral part of the Muslim world. The Naqshbandi Order c I a j m 5 tot r ace its des c e n t tot he fir s t Ca lip h and re g a r d s itself as the premier Sufi Order. The pro c e s se s 0 f model insation and industrial is ation led to drastic reduction in the influence of the Orders. Associated with this was the growing domination of a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam which denied the orthodoxy of Sufism and today dominates Muslim religious expression. The thesis examines the contemporary role of a branch of a Sufi Order in the West and the East. The discrepancy between the values of Sufism and those of the modern world are considered, as is the influence of politics on the survival of the Sufi Orders in the Middle East. Both groups contain elements of Mahdism which is a type of Muslim millenarianism. This is considered as well as the different ways in which the two groups interpret and react to these beliefs. Throughout the thesis attention is paid to the internal logic of Sufism's beliefs and practices.
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Galise, Giulio. "Maximum principles, entire solutions and removable singularities of fully nonlinear second order equations." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/928.
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2011 - 2012<br>This PhD thesis is devoted to some qualitative aspect of viscosity solutions of nonlinear second order
elliptic partial di erential equations of the form
F(x; u(x);Du(x);D2u(x)) = f(x)... [edited by author]<br>XI n.s.
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Voisei, Mircea Dan. "First-order necessary optimality conditions for nonlinar optimal control problems." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1091111473.
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Kong, Chenying. "Design and Management of a Lean Order Picking System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1193939205.
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Tanveer, Muhammad [Verfasser]. "First-principles electronic theory of non-collinear magnetic order in transition-metal nanowires / Muhammad Tanveer." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072321874/34.
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Lin, Chia-Ju. "Developing Design Rules for a Lean Order Picking System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276028218.
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Rasmussen, Louise J. "THE EFFECTS OF REPRESENTATIONAL FORMAT AND DISCOURSE PRINCIPLES ON THE COMPREHENSION AND PRODUCTION OF TEMPORAL ORDER." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1190080849.
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Schaap, Andrew. "Deep roots : applying permaculture principles in order to mitigate flooding within the urban fabric of New Orleans." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4098.
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Koseff, Justin Adam. "The individual and the social order in Mill and Hegel : seeking common principles in liberal and communitarian ancestry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005624.
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This thesis seeks to establish a significant commonality and compatibility between the principles underpinning the political and social philosophies of GWF Hegel and John Stuart Mill. The role of the individual and the social order in both their theories is discussed and assessed separately and in turn in reference to their respective seminal works on the proper structure, principles and function of modern political infrastructure. Through an interpretation of the fundamental tenets and goals of their theories of the social order I argue for a coherent modern reconstruction of their doctrines, within which I locate parallels and contrasts as they apply. Both theorists as ultimately put forward similar arguments for freedom as an intersubjectively·developed capacity, the ideal social order as rational framework for the management of ethical and political engagement, linked to a social holism that ties individual and social progress inextricably. A respect for individual particularity of perspective and practice is integral both of their social frameworks, but that such a space must be harmonised within a rational political community worthy of individual obligation. Finally their social and political theories can be understood as complementary, each providing insights which the other lacks. Mill suffers from an insufficient regard for the social basis of identity and interconnected nature of the modern institutional framework, while Hegel displays an insufficient regard for Mill's caveats concerning the repressive potential of institutional structures and the dangers of overly empowered bureaucracies. In conclusion key elements of the two theorists' projects stand as separate but not in any way fundamentally opposed to each other. This points to the possibility of a via media between a politics of individualism and a politics of community, suggesting strong potential for reconciliation between liberal and communitarian perspectives.
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Sweetman, Robert. "Nisi Causa Utili et Necessaria: Catherine of Siena's Dominican Confessors and the Principles of a Licit Pastoral 'Irregularity'." LEGAS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/250258.
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The Dominican Order gradually evolved rules governing contact between a Dominican pastor and a woman penitent. In the context of these rules, the care given to Catherine of Siena as reported by Raymund of Capua and as confirmed in the letters of Catherine herself can only be termed irregular. The paper attempts to identify the principles underlying and legitimating pastoral irregularity.
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Rogers, Karen L. "Checkerboard grids principles and practices of spatial order in the Americas and the making of place in New Mexico /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Nederman, Christer, and Oscar Slogén. "A critical assessment of inventory management principles and purchasing routines : Managing packaging material in a process industry." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36653.
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Inventory management is today seen as more competitive oriented, process oriented and better integrated into the companies than before. But still do several companies run their inventories according a traditional approach. There is therefore a need for some companies to evaluate their inventory management and adapt the new view. There is also a need to adjust for increased focus on sustainability, previous research calls for strategies and tools that include sustainable parameters without lowering the profitability. The purpose with this study is to assess inventory management principles and purchasing routines related to the acquisition of packaging material in a process industry. The study aims to develop a framework for decision makers in inventory management. This framework will be the basis for a support tool incorporating a relatively simple and easy-to-use user interface. This master thesis is performed as a case study research and uses several data collection methods, such as a literature review, observations, and interviews. The findings from the data collection is used to evaluate which impact inventory management has on a company’s profitability, and which basic parameters that could be included in the support tool. The empirical findings show that Barilla Sweden’s current inventory management match the traditional approach, but also that they strive to become more competitive and process oriented in their management of inventories. There is however some constraints in their working strategy that prevents them from taking the next step. Comparison between Barilla Sweden’s current order size and an economical order quantity (EOQ) and just-in-time (JIT) approach is made. The comparison shows that Barilla Sweden has money to save and warehouse space to release with changed order quantities. Adapting a new inventory management approach require review of uncertainties, such as delivery accuracy and forecast changes. It is also necessary to evaluate supplier relations and internal working strategies. The effect of these parameters on inventory management can be noticed in the support tool. The tool compares total costs, average stock, tied capital, and environmental and social consequences between the EOQ model and JIT. The support tool visualizes drawbacks and benefits with different order sizes and has an easy-to-use interface.
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Munyakazi, Justin Bazimaziki. "Higher Order Numerical Methods for Singular Perturbation Problems." Thesis, Online Access, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_6335_1277251056.pdf.
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Collins, Gary Wayne. "Information communication technology as a cognitive tool to facilitate higher-order thinking." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24075.
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Digital educational technology is capable of contributing supplementary strategies that can be used to address various educational challenges faced by higher education. Foremost among these challenges is the widespread lack of academic preparedness of students who enter South African higher education institutions. The legacy of Apartheid, teachers' poor domain knowledge and command of the language of instruction, together with a lack of commitment to the cognitive development of learners are some of the reasons why students have not developed the cognitive skills required to engage in meaningful learning. Meaningful learning requires a high level of conceptual engagement and development. To assist in the learning process, educators must focus on student learning rather than on the instructor and the technology used in the instruction. A powerful means of supporting meaningful learning is through a process of model building. Computer technology can effectively be used to facilitate the building of conceptual models. By encouraging students to use computer technology to build models that represent their personal understanding, the students are performing the role of designer and the technology is used as a cognitive tool. Using digital technology as a cognitive tool allows students to engage in critical thinking and higher-order learning. An expert system shell is one way in which technology can be used as a cognitive tool. When students build expert systems they are required to demonstrate the reasoning of an expert and to exhibit an understanding of causal relationships and procedural knowledge. There is very little evidence of research concerning the application of expert systems as a cognitive tool in education. The primary aim of this study is to formulate design principles in the form of conjectures and principles related to a learning environment that uses technology as a cognitive tool in the form of an expert system shell to promote higher-order thinking skills. The second aim of this study is to explore the experiences of students who are exposed to a learning environment based on the conjectures and principles formulated during the design phase of the research. The conjectures and principles formulated during this study are expressed in terms of the characteristics, procedures and arguments associated with a learning environment that uses technology in the form of an expert system shell to facilitate higher-order thinking. These conjectures and principles were separated into seven interrelated clusters that can be summarised as follows: <ul><li> initial exposure;</li><li> guided discovery learning;</li><li> designing the expert system on paper;</li><li> creating domain awareness;</li><li> linking conceptual understanding to a representation of that understanding;</li><li> hands-on development; and</li><li> problem engagement.</il></ul> These conjectures and principles could guide similar endeavours undertaken by lecturers or instructional designers.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Science, Mathematics and Technology Education<br>unrestricted
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Dagberg, Alexandra, Alexander Thorén, Giovanni Tozzi, and Kalin Velichkov. "Minimizing the risk of material shortage and waiting times via an improved order to delivery process : A study conducted within IV Produkt in Växjö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26450.
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~ 3 ~ Abstract Master Program in Business process and Supply Chain Management Degree Project in Logistics 15 hp, Course 4FE06E Authors: Alexandra Dagberg, Alexander Thorén, Giovanni Tozzi, Kalin Velichkov Tutor: Roger Stokkedal Examiner: Helena Forslund Title: “Minimizing the risk of material shortage and waiting times via an improved order to delivery process – A study conducted within IV Produkt in Växjö” Background: Inventory Management activities have gained a relevant importance over the time in reducing uncertainties at both upstream as well as downstream levels of the supply chain, allowing a smooth material flow between chain members while responsively meeting customer demand. Control activities over the inventory represent a challenged and controversial aspect for most of today’s companies, including IV Produkt. Problem discussion: IV Produkt has, due to the rapid growth during the last ten years, fallen behind the area of inventory management as well as internal material handling process. The reason is that the company has not been able to develop these functions with the same pace as the economic growth. Consequently, the firm is facing difficulties to efficiently supply assembly lines, causing material shortage and waiting times. Research questions: RQ1: - How is the order to delivery process, from material supply functions to the Assembly line 2, at IV Produkt built up today? RQ2: - How can the order to delivery process of raw material and semi-finished products, between material supply functions and the Assembly line 2, be improved in order to minimize the risk of material shortage and waiting times? RQ3: - How can the physical storage of raw material and semi-finished products be structured within the studied area in order to support RQ2? Method: This thesis represents a descriptive case study conducted via a positivistic perspective and a deductive approach. Data was collected by interviews, observations and questionnaires, as well as via academic literature procured via a research in Linnaeus University’s library and via the use of approved web databases. Results are based on quantitative data collected from the studied company, guaranteeing the scientific credibility of the thesis. The respect of ethical principles were ensured by a discussion with company to mutually agree on the confidentiality of the presented information. Conclusion: The conclusion shows how the studied order to delivery process is built up today, highlighting several kind of waste in the current material and information flows. As a result, several actions, such as an extended use of the data system, the application of Kanban and the implementation of the ABC logic, in combination with a new proposed storage layout, were identified and proposed in order to minimize the risk of material shortage and waiting times.
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Prieto, Martínez Pere Daniel. "Geometrical structures of higher-order dynamical systems and field theories." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284215.
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Geometrical physics is a relatively young branch of applied mathematics that was initiated by the 60's and the 70's when A. Lichnerowicz, W.M. Tulczyjew and J.M. Souriau, among many others, began to study various topics in physics using methods of differential geometry. This "geometrization" provides a way to analyze the features of the physical systems from a global viewpoint, thus obtaining qualitative properties that help us in the integration of the equations that describe them. Since then, there has been a strong development in the intrinsic treatment of a variety of topics in theoretical physics, applied mathematics and control theory using methods of differential geometry.
Most of the work done in geometrical physics since its first days has been devoted to study first-order theories, that is, those theories whose physical information depends on (at most) first-order derivatives of the generalized coordinates of position (velocities). However, there are theories in physics in which the physical information depends explicitly on accelerations or higher-order derivatives of the generalized coordinates of position, and thus more sophisticated geometrical tools are needed to model them acurately.
In this Ph.D. Thesis we pretend to give a geometrical description of some of these higher-order theories. In particular, we focus on dynamical systems and field theories whose dynamical information can be given in terms of a Lagrangian function, or a Hamiltonian that admits Lagrangian counterpart. More precisely, we will use the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified approach in order to develop a geometric framework for autonomous and non-autonomous higher-order dynamical system, and for second-order field theories. This geometric framework will be used to study several relevant physical examples and applications, such as the Hamilton-Jacobi theory for higher-order mechanical systems, relativistic spin particles and deformation problems in mechanics, and the Korteweg-de Vries equation and other systems in field theory.<br>La física geomètrica és una branca relativament jove de la matemàtica aplicada que es va iniciar als anys 60 i 70 qua A. Lichnerowicz, W.M. Tulczyjew and J.M. Souriau, entre molts altres, van començar a estudiar diversos problemes en física usant mètodes de geometria diferencial. Aquesta "geometrització" proporciona una manera d'analitzar les característiques dels sistemes físics des d'una perspectiva global, obtenint així propietats qualitatives que faciliten la integració de les equacions que els descriuen. D'ençà s'ha produït un fort desenvolupamewnt en el tractament intrínsic d'una gran varietat de problemes en física teòrica, matemàtica aplicada i teoria de control usant mètodes de geometria diferencial. Gran part del treball realitzat en la física geomètrica des dels seus primers dies s'ha dedicat a l'estudi de teories de primer ordre, és a dir, teories tals que la informació física depèn en, com a molt, derivades de primer ordre de les coordenades de posició generalitzades (velocitats). Tanmateix, hi ha teories en física en les que la informació física depèn de manera explícita en acceleracions o derivades d'ordre superior de les coordenades de posició generalitzades, requerint, per tant, d'eines geomètriques més sofisticades per a modelar-les de manera acurada. En aquesta Tesi Doctoral ens proposem donar una descripció geomètrica d'algunes d'aquestes teories. En particular, estudiarem sistemes dinàmics i teories de camps tals que la seva informació dinàmica ve donada en termes d'una funció lagrangiana, o d'un hamiltonià que prové d'un sitema lagrangià. Per a ser més precisos emprarem la formulació unificada Lagrangiana-Hamiltoniana per tal de desenvolupar marcs geomètrics per a sistemes dinàmics d'ordre superior autònoms i no autònoms, i per a teories de camps de segon ordre. Amb aquest marc geomètric estudiarem alguns exemples físics rellevants i algunes aplicacions, com la teoria de Hamilton-Jacobi per a sistemes mecànics d'ordre superior, partícules relativístiques amb spin i problemes de deformació en mecànica, i l'equació de Korteweg-de Vries i altres sistemes en teories de camps.
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Kagee, Mohammed Luqmaan. "The implementation of Islamic perspectives on nutrition in the context of Muslim faith-based organisations in Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6177.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil (Religion and Theology)<br>South African debates on food security address a wide range of issues related to
the production, the distribution and the consumption of food in the context of deep
concerns over the impact of poverty, unemployment and inequality. One aspect of
such debates is on the need for nutritious food amidst hunger, malnutrition,
obesity and the prevalence of diabetes.
This study will investigate the Islamic theological injunctions and guidelines that
govern the production, the different facets of distribution and the consumption of
food in Muslim communities. There are numerous theological injunctions from
the Quran and prophetic traditions (?ad?th) guiding the Muslim community in
relation to food security. These include injunctions around the need to provide
nutritious food. The study will assess the programmes of five Muslim faith-based
organisations in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area, working in the field of food
security and more specifically, feeding schemes. The food programmes of these
organisations will be described, analysed and assessed in order to establish
whether, and to what extent, the Islamic injunctions on nutrition are implemented,
given various constraints. This will require attention to the policies, the strategies
and the practices associated with such feeding schemes.
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Goosen, Riana. "The development of an integrated framework in order to implement information technology governance principles at a strategic and operational level for medium-to-large sized South African business." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20279.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In today's technologically advanced business environments, Information Technology (IT) has become the centre of most, if not all businesses' strategic and operational activities. It is for this reason that the King III report has dedicated a chapter to IT governance principles, in effect making the board of directors and senior management responsible for implementing such principles. King III's guidance on these principles is only described in broad terms and lack sufficient detail as how to implement these principles. Though various guidelines, in the form of IT control frameworks, -models and -standards exist, it remains highly theoretical in nature and companies tend to view these control frameworks, -models and -standards on an individual basis, implementing them in an ad hoc manner, resulting in the implementation of an inefficient IT governance system, that does not address the key strategic areas and risks in a business.
The purpose of this study is to develop an IT best practices integrated framework which can assist management in implementing an effective IT governance system at both a strategic and operational level. The integrated framework was developed by performing a detailed literature review of a best practice control framework, -model and -standard, including its underlying processes.
By combining and aligning the relevant processes of the control framework, -model and -standard to the business' imperatives, a framework was developed to implement IT governance principles at a strategic level. The integrated framework is extended to provide guidance on how to implement good IT controls at an operational level. The control techniques, of the applicable processes identified at a strategic level, are implemented as well as the controls around a company's various access paths, which are affected by a company's business imperatives. These access paths are controlled through the implementation of applicable configuration controls. By making use of the integrated framework which was developed, an effective and efficient IT governance system can be implemented, addressing all applicable IT risks relevant to the key focus areas of a business.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In vandag se tegnologies gevorderde besigheids omgewings het Informasie Tegnologie (IT) die middelpunt geraak van die meeste, indien nie elke onderneming se strategiese en operasionele aktiwiteite nie. Dit is vir hierdie rede dat die King III verslag 'n hoofstuk aan die beginsels van IT korporatiewe beheer wy. Dié verslag hou die direkteure en bestuur verantwoordelik vir die implementering van hierdie beginsels. Die King III verslag verskaf egter slegs in breë trekke leiding in verband met die implementering van hierdie beginsels en 'n gebrek aan meer gedetailleerde beskrywings bestaan. Alhoewel verskeie riglyne, in die vorm van IT kontrole raamwerke, -modelle en -standaarde bestaan, bly dit steeds teoreties van aard en is maatskappye geneig om hierdie riglyne op 'n individuele vlak te hanteer en op 'n willekeurige wyse te implementeer. Hierdie proses lei tot die implementering van 'n ondoeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheerstelsel.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n geïntegreerde beste praktykraamwerk te ontwikkel wat deur die direkteure en bestuur van 'n onderneming gebruik kan word om op beide 'n strategiese en operasionele vlak 'n doeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheermaatstelsel in plek te stel. 'n Geïntegreerde raamwerk is ontwikkel deur 'n volledige literatuurstudie uit te voer, gebaseer op 'n beste praktyk IT kontrole raamwerk, -model en -standaard en die gepaardgaande prosesse.
Deur die toepaslike prosesse van hierdie kontrole raamwerk, -model en -standaard te kombineer en te belyn met 'n besigheid se besigheidsimperatiewe, word IT korporatiewe beheerbeginsels op 'n strategiese vlak in plek gestel. Die geïntegreerde raamwerk sluit riglyne in om goeie IT kontroles op 'n operasionele vlak te implementeer. Die kontrole tegnieke, wat verbind word met die gepaardgaande prosesse wat tydens die strategiese vlak geïdentifiseerd is, word geimplementeer asook die die toepaslike konfigurasie kontroles oor die verskeie toegangspaaie wat beïnvloed word deur 'n besigheids se besigheidsimperatiewe. Deur gebruik te maak van die ontwikkelde geïntegreerde raamwerk kan alle geaffekteerde IT risikos nou aangespreek word en 'n doeltreffende IT korporatiewe beheerstelsel in plek gestel word.
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Shitara, Kazuki. "Bi2O3およびその固溶体における酸化物イオン伝導". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199307.
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設樂, 一希. "Bi2O3およびその固溶体における酸化物イオン伝導". Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199516.
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Suganami, Hidemi. "Domestic analogy in proposals for world order, 1814-1945 : the transfer of legal and political principles from the domestic to the international sphere in thought on international law and relations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/124/.
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The ways in which legal and political principles obtaining within states can profitably be transferred to the relations of states are among the contentious issues in the study of international relations, and the term 'domestic analogy' is used to refer to the argument which supports such transfer. The 'domestic analogy' is analogical reasoning according to which the conditions of order between states are similar to those of order within them, and therefore those institutions which sustain order within states should be transferred to the international system. However, despite the apparent division among writers on international relations between those who favour this analogy and those who are critical of it, no clear analysis has so far been made as to precisely what types of proposal should be treated as exemplifying reliance on this analogy. The first aim of this thesis is to clarify the range and types of proposal this analogy entails. The thesis then examines the role the domestic analogy played in ideas about world order in the period between 1814 and 1945. Particular attention is paid to the influence of changing circumstances in the domestic and international spheres upon the manner and the extent of the use of this analogy. In addition to the ideas of major writers on international law and relations, the creation of the League of Nations and of the United Nations is also examined. The thesis then discusses the merits of the five main types of approach to world order which emerge from the preceding analysis. Each embodies a distinct attitude towards the domestic analogy. The thesis shows that there are weaknesses in the approaches based on the domestic analogy, but that ideas critical of this analogy are not entirely flawless, and explores further the conditions under which the more promising proposals may bear fruit.
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Liu, Wei. "Investigations of the atomic order and molar volume in the binary sigma phase by DFT and CALPHAD approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0471/document.
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La phase sigma peut servir de prototype de phases topologiquement compactes, car la phase sigma possède une large gamme d'homogénéité et il existe de nombreuses données expérimentales disponibles pour la phase sigma. Dans le présent travail, les propriétés physiques, comprenant l'ordre atomique, le volume molaire, l'enthalpie de formation et le module d’élasticité isostatique, de la phase sigma binaire ont été étudiées en utilisant les calculs de premiers principes et la méthode CALPHAD combinée aux données expérimentales de la littérature.Tout d'abord, nous avons constaté que l'ordre atomique (c'est-à-dire la distribution du constituant atomique ou la préférence d'occupation du site sur les sites non équivalents d'une structure cristalline) de la phase sigma est affecté par le facteur de taille et la configuration électronique des éléments constitutifs. En outre, nous avons dissocié les effets de ces facteurs d'influence sur l'ordre atomique. Ensuite, nous avons mis en évidence un effet de l'ordre atomique sur l'enthalpie de formation, le module d’élasticité isostatique et le volume molaire. A l'état ordonné à 0K, la phase sigma a une faible enthalpie de formation et un grand module d’élasticité isostatique. L'influence de l'ordre atomique sur le volume molaire de la phase sigma dépend de la configuration électronique des deux éléments constitutifs. Par ailleurs, la base de données des volumes molaires des phases sigma binaires a été construite, ce qui devrait grandement faciliter la conception du matériau. Enfin, nous avons discuté de la prédiction de l'occupation du site de la phase sigma en utilisant la méthode CALPHAD combinée aux calculs de premiers principes<br>The sigma phase can serve as a prototype of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, as the sigma phase bears a broad homogeneity range and there are numerous experimental data available for the sigma phase. In the present work, physical properties, including atomic order, molar volume, enthalpy of formation and bulk modulus, of the binary sigma phase were investigated by using first principles calculations and CALPHAD method combining with the experimental data from the literature. Firstly, we found that the atomic order (i.e. atomic constituent distribution or site occupancy preference on nonequivalent sites of a crystal structure) of the sigma phase is affected by the size factor and electron configuration of the constituent elements. Furthermore, we have dissociated the effect of the individual influencing factor on atomic order. Secondly, the atomic order is found affecting physical properties, such as enthalpy of formation, bulk modulus and molar volume. When in the ordered state at 0K, the sigma phase shows a low enthalpy of formation and a large bulk modulus. The influence of atomic order on the molar volume of the sigma phase depends on the electron configuration of the two constituent elements. Thirdly, the molar volume database of the binary sigma phase has been built up within the CALPHAD framework, which can greatly facilitate material design. Finally, we tentatively discussed the site occupancy prediction of the sigma phase by using the CALPHAD method combined with first-principles calculations
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Ročys, Robertas. "Teismo baudžiamojo įsakymo instituto taikymo problemos Lietuvos baudžiamajame procese." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140619_114023-82632.
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Magistro darbo įvade trumpai pristatoma teismo baudžiamojo įsakymo (toliau – baudžiamasis įsakymas) instituto kilmė, istorija, Europos šalių baudžiamųjų procesinių įstatymų įtaka Lietuvos baudžiamuosiuose procesiniuose teisės aktuose įvirtintam baudžiamojo įsakymo institutui. Taip pat atskleidžiami kai kurie tinkamo teisinio reguliavimo nustatymui taikytini teisėkūros principai, teisėkūros juridinės technikos reikalavimai (toliau – Reikalavimai), kuriais remiantis, Lietuvos Respublikos (toliau – LR) Seimo Baudžiamojo proceso kodekse (toliau – BPK) įtvirtintas baudžiamojo įsakymo institutas. Keliama hipotezė, kad teisėkūros principus, Reikalavimus pažeidžiantys nustatyti baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso teisiniai reguliavimai kelia baudžiamojo įsakymo instituto taikymo problemas.
Tam, kad patikrinti hipotezę, tyrime pristatoma baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso samprata, identifikuojami galimai teisėkūros principus, Reikalavimus pažeidžiantys baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso teisiniai reguliavimai (4 teisės normos / teisės normų grupės), konstatuojami pažeidimai, nepažeidimai. Konstatavus pažeidimus, ieškomos ir pristatomos tinkamus teisinius reguliavimus sudarančios teisės normos kai kurių LR BPK nuostatų papildymui / pakeitimui.
Pirmajame skyriuje, pateikiant baudžiamojo įsakymo instituto sampratą, apžvelgiama baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso eiga, išskiriant esminius jos bruožus.
Antrajame skyriuje (4 poskyriuose) atliekamas galimai probleminių baudžiamojo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>An origin, an history of an institute of the court‘s penal order (hereinafter – penal order) (a form of a simplified criminal process‘es model), an influence of the European criminal procedure laws on the criminal code of procedure (hereinafter – the CCP) of the Republic of Lithuania is briefly presented within an introduction of the Master‘s thesis (hereinafter – Thesis). In addition, some principles of legal regulation and the requirements of legal technique (hereinafter – Requirements) are represented. An hypothesis is then formed that legal regulations of the penal order‘s issuing process (regulated in the CCP of Lithuania) that violate the principles, Requirements raise problems of applying the institute of the penal order.
In order to test the hypothesis, a concept of the penal order‘s issuing process is represented and the most possibly problematic legal regulations identified in the research. Furthermore, there are ascertained which identified legal regulations conflict with the principles, Requirements; proper legal regulations is then proposed to alter or supplement some provisions of the CCP of Lithuania. The structure of the Thesis includes 2 chapters, 4 paragraphs, conclusions and recommendations for the legislator.
In the first chapter (the analysis of the concept of the penal order‘s issuing process), the penal order issuing process, which is similar in whole jurisdictions, is briefly presented highlighting it‘s essential features.
The second chapter consists... [to full text]
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Ben, Abdallah-Mahouachi Hanène. "L'apport de la jurisprudence du Tribunal arbitral du sport à l'ordre juridique sportif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1087.
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Le Tribunal arbitral du sport (TAS), organe de résolution des litiges sportifs par la voie de l’arbitrage, rend des sentences qui, grâce à la pratique du précédent, acquièrent la cohérence nécessaire à la formation d’une jurisprudence. À travers cette jurisprudence, le TAS contribue à l’édification d’un ordre juridique sportif global et autonome. Cette contribution est le résultat d’un double apport, normatif et structurant. D’abord, les règles prétoriennes produites par le TAS et formées essentiellement des principes généraux constamment appliqués par les arbitres, constituent une source de droit à l’intérieur de l’ordre juridique sportif. Certains de ces principes, principalement ceux permettant de protéger la sincérité des compétitions et les droits fondamentaux des athlètes, se démarquent par leur caractère intangible pour former l’ordre public sportif. La mise à l’écart du droit étatique au profit de l’application de ces principes, mais aussi des règlements sportifs, permet d’assurer l’autonomie de l’ordre juridique sportif. Ensuite, ces principes sont un facteur de structuration de l’ordre juridique sportif, dans la mesure où leur intervention favorise la cohérence du système. Cette structuration est le résultat de l’application de ces principes pour contrôler l’exercice par les organisations sportives de leurs compétences réglementaires et disciplinaires et pour délimiter les pouvoirs de chacune des composantes du mouvement sportif. Dans les deux cas, ces principes deviennent des standards communs qui s’imposent à l’ensemble de la communauté sportive<br>The Court of arbitration for sport (CAS), an arbitration body in sport disputes, passes sentences which, thanks to the practice of the precedent, get enough coherence to constitute a jurisprudence. Through this jurisprudence, CAS contributes in the erection of a global and autonomous sports legal order. This support is the result of a double contribution, normative as well as structuring. First, the pretorian rules generated by CAS and formed mainly by the general principles commonly applied by the judges, constitute a source of law within the sports legal order. Some of these principles, namely those aimed at protecting the fairness of the competitions and the fundamental rights of athletes, stand out with regards to their intangibility to form the sport public order. Discarding state law in favor of the application of these principles as well as of sport regulations, guarantees the autonomy of the sports legal order. Thereafter, these principles are considered as a structuring factor of the sports legal order, in that their intervention favors the coherence of the system. This structuring results from the application of these principles in order to monitor the practices by the sport organizations of their regulatory and disciplinary competences and also to confine the power of each of the components of the sport movement. In both cases, these principles become common standards for the whole sport community to abide by
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Cordeiro, Rodrigo Aiache. "Poder econômico e livre concorrência: uma análise da concorrência na constituição da Republica Federativa do Brasil de 1988." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1199.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-27<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the Constitutional Principle of Free Competition, specifically regarding its role as fact the limits the abuse of economical power. In order to accomplish that goal, it was necessary to define what economical power is and in what moment the application of that power
turned out to be abusive; but not putting apart other aspects that concern that issue, such as: the general definition of power and its relations with the law system. It was also analyzed, in a general way, the legal principles, considering
the conception of the word principle , its own evolutional and normative origin, the distinction between principles and rules, the notion of legal system and the relevance of the principles concerning the society s evolution. So, the following
step consisted in studying some general aspects related to the competition, aiming to better understand the role played by the principle inserted into the article 170, incision IV, of the Brazilian Constitution. Having this in mind, an approach was made to the historical evolution of the competition until now, the etymological origin of the words competition and rivalry , the accurate definition of what free competition is, and to other relevant aspects. In doing so, in the last chapter, which is the kernel of this paper, the Constitutional Principle of Competition and its contribution to the limitation to the economical power has been explained in details, and also clarified its content, its interests that effectively protect itself, its distinction from the postulate of free initiative, its pragmatic character and its efficacy, but not forgetting the other matters related to the issue, and that are equally important, they are: the role of the State in
defense of the free competition, the action of the agencies that regulate the maintenance of a healthy market, the process of concentration, the defense of the competition and the influence of the tax incentive toward the competition.<br>A presente dissertação tem por escopo principal analisar o Princípio Constitucional da Livre Concorrência, especificamente, no que toca à sua atuação como fator limitador ao abuso do poderio econômico. Para tanto, foi necessário delinear o que é Poder Econômico e a partir de que momento o uso deste poder passa a ser abusivo, sem deixar de lado outros aspectos relacionados ao tema como, por exemplo, a definição genérica de poder, as relações deste com o direito etc. Vencida a primeira etapa, no segundo
capítulo, fez-se uma análise dos princípios jurídicos de maneira geral, apreciando a conceituação da palavra princípio , seu iter evolucional e normatividade, a distinção entre princípios e regras, a noção de sistema jurídico
e a importância dos princípios no que diz respeito à evolução da sociedade. O passo seguinte foi o estudo de alguns aspectos gerais relativos à concorrência, com intuito de melhor entender o papel desempenhado pelo princípio inserto no artigo 170, inciso IV, da Constituição Federal. Assim, abordou-se a evolução histórica da concorrência desde a Antigüidade até os tempos atuais, a origem etimológica das palavras concorrência , competição e rivalidade , a determinação precisa do que é livre concorrência , dentre outros aspectos relevantes. Finalmente, no último capítulo, e cerne deste trabalho, explicitou-se, pormenorizadamente, o Princípio Constitucional da Livre Concorrência e sua contribuição para a limitação do poder econômico, aclarando seu conteúdo, os interesses que efetivamente protege, sua diferenciação com o postulado da livre iniciativa, seu caráter instrumental e sua eficácia, não esquecendo de outros assuntos relacionados ao tema, e igualmente importantes, a saber: o papel destinado ao Estado na defesa da livre concorrência, a atuação das agências reguladoras na manutenção de um mercado saudável, o processo de concentração e a defesa da concorrência e a influência dos incentivos fiscais na concorrência.
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Cetin, Hasan Okan. "Fundamentals Of Architectural Design In Comparison To Filmmaking." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607669/index.pdf.
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The relation between architecture and cinema has begun with the first steps of the technology of moving images at the beginning of the 20th century and it has continued progressively until now by importing various intellectual, representational, and practical devices from each other in order to reconfigure their own systems of knowledge. In this investigation, the fundamental elements of architectural design and principles of their organization are used in the field of cinema as a methodological tool to analyze the compositional features of narrative, mise-en scene and editing/montage. First of all, the end products of both domains are conceived as a form of composition, and in this respect, the compatibility of their design dynamics is examined. Secondly, the fundamental design elements and principles of both architecture and cinema are defined. Finally, in order to redefine the design process of a film and to reveal the existence of fundamental principles of architectural design in the process of filmmaking, a comprehensive and comparative analysis is made between the two fields.
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Amaral, Marcelo Quevedo do. "“Transformações administrativas: análise do papel da Caixa Econômica Federal na efetividade de políticas públicas e execução do Orçamento Geral da União”." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5399.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-29<br>Caixa Econômica Federal<br>A Constituição Federal de 1988 consagrou novos direitos e afirmou no seu preâmbulo a pretensão à construção de um Estado que assegure o exercício dos direitos sociais e individuais, a liberdade, a segurança, o bem-estar, o desenvolvimento, a igualdade e a justiça como valores supremos. Assim, fruto de uma conjuntura política sui generis, a nova Constituição consagrou uma série de novos direitos sociais em um País então marcado pela desigualdade social, regional e pelos desafios do desenvolvimento econômico. A construção de um Estado Social no Brasil ocorre, contudo, em um momento de constantes e profundas transformações socioeconômicas no mundo, em especial as que se passou a ser denominar “Globalização”. Além da marcante herança do patrimonialismo na gestão pública, a efetividade dos Direitos Sociais no Brasil tem o desafio de enfrentar, de forma especialmente aguda, todos os elementos presentes na chamada crise do Estado Social. O desafio de atender as pressões sociais pela efetivação dos direitos sociais e lidar com a escassez de recursos financeiros. O desafio de buscar novas formas de atuação que aumentem a eficiência e abrangência dos serviços públicos para atender as necessidades decorrentes do processo de inclusão social, de urbanização, do aumento da escolaridade, dentre outros. É justamente dentre deste contexto de profundas transformações sociais e econômicas do mundo, que colocam desafios ao Estado Social e a sua afirmação no Brasil, que a CAIXA Econômica Federal passa a atuar como braço operacional do governo federal na efetivação das políticas públicas. O surgimento dessa atividade peculiar, não tipicamente financeira\bancária, que passou a ser prestada por uma empresa pública esta intimamente relacionado ao esforço do Estado para produzir respostas capazes de enfrentar tais desafios. E, portanto, a atuação da empresa na atividade econômica tem se fundamentado na realização de um duplo interesse coletivo, com uma função social econômica e outra eminentemente social. A função social econômica se manifesta fundamentalmente na busca de objetivos constitucionais, como o desenvolvimento nacional, a redução das desigualdades, a erradicação da pobreza e da marginalização social. Na condição de agente de políticas públicas, essa função social se amplia, materializando uma série de direitos sociais constitucionais (o direito à moradia, ao transporte, à alimentação, ao trabalho, à educação e à assistência aos desamparados). Essa inovadora forma de prestação de serviços públicos tem propiciado conjugar os ganhos de eficiência, de controle e de produtividade almejados pelas medidas de reforma do Estado com o domínio e a titularidade sobre a estrutura operacional dos serviços públicos preconizados pela ordem constitucional. Em síntese, o modelo adotado tem permitido a superação da cultura patrimonialista e incorporado importantes valores da visão gerencial sem abdicar do controle público sobre a operacionalização das políticas, balizando-se pela consecução dos objetivos Constitucionais de forma a assegurar a centralidade dos direitos individuais e sociais, afastando a atuação da administração pública dos desvios de modelos baseados principalmente no interesse econômico privado.<br>The 1988 Federal Constitution consecrated new rights and stated in its preamble the claim to the construction of a State to ensure that the exercise of social and individual rights, freedom, security and well-being, development, equality and justice as the supreme values. Thus, the result of a sui generis political juncture, the new Constitution has established a series of new social rights in a country then marked by social inequality, regional and by the challenges of economic development. The construction of a social State in Brazil occurs, however, in a moment of constant and profound transformations socio economic worldwide, in particular those that came to be called "globalization". In addition to the impressive heritage of patrimonialism in public management, the effectiveness of social rights in Brazil has the challenge of facing, particularly acute, all the elements present in the denominate Social State Crisis. The challenge to seek new ways of activity that increase the efficiency and scope of public services to meet the needs arising from the social inclusion process of urbanization, the increase of schooling, among others. It is precisely among that context of profound social changes and cost of the world, that pose challenges to the social State and its affirmation in Brazil, that the Caixa Econômica Federal starts to act as operating arm of the federal government in the realization of the public policies. The emergence of this peculiar activity, typically not financial \ bank, which has to be provided by a public company, is closely related to the State's efforts to make responses able to face these challenges. Therefore, the company's operations in economic activity has been based on the achievement of a double collective interest, with an economic and social function other eminently social. Economic social function is mainly manifested in the search for, such as national development, reducing inequalities, the eradication of poverty and social marginalization. In the public policy agent status, this social function expands, materializing a series of constitutional social rights (the right to housing, transport, food, work, education and assistance to the destitute). This innovative form of public service has provided combine the efficiencies, control and productivity sought by state reform measures with the domain and ownership of the operational structure of public services recommended by the constitutional order. In synthesis, the model adopted has allowed overcoming the patrimonial culture and incorporated important values of managerial vision without giving the public control over the implementation of policies, it marks up the achievement of the Constitutional objectives to ensure the centrality of individual rights and social, away from the performance of public administration in mainly based on models of deviations in the private economic interest.
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Possamai, Giancarlo Bernardi. "Livre iniciativa e limites à regulação estatal na perspectiva do Supremo Tribunal Federal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6476.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-07<br>Even though the Federal Constitution establishes as a rule that economic relations are
structured over free enterprise, which is one of the economic order fundamentals, a few other
constitutional principles seem to have an antagonistic meaning towards this liberty, and the
ambiguities that are thus entailed cannot be ignored. Therefore, the present dissertation aims
precisely to analyze the Brazilian Supreme Court approach on state regulation conditioning
private actors in their economic activities, investigating if it is possible to note an evolution in
the way the Court deals with the issues that are put before it, as well as verify how the
different interests that come up in practice are balanced. In that respect, the work concludes
that the Court, based in a very superficial argumentation, tends to defend the state acts that are
submitted to its review. Yet, despite the transformations that the society and the State have
gone through in the last twenty years, it is not possible to note a significant change in the
Court s understanding, once it is still attached to traditional ideas that affirm the almost
absolute prevalence of the public sector over the private one<br>Embora a Constituição Federal estabeleça, como regra, que a estruturação das relações
econômicas se dê sobre a liberdade de iniciativa, que é um dos fundamentos da ordem
econômica, diversos outros princípios constitucionais parecem ter um sentido justamente
antagônico ao desta liberdade, não havendo como ignorar as ambiguidades que isso acarreta.
Por isso, a presente dissertação busca justamente analisar a postura adotada pelo Supremo
Tribunal Federal diante dos condicionamentos impostos pela regulação estatal aos agentes
privados no desempenho das suas atividades econômicas, investigando se é possível constatar
uma evolução, por parte da Corte, na resolução dos problemas concretos que lhe são levados,
além de verificar como são sopesados os diversos interesses que se manifestam na prática.
Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho conclui que o tribunal tende a defender os atos estatais que lá
são questionados, fazendo-o a partir de uma argumentação bastante superficial. Além disso, a
despeito das transformações havidas na sociedade e no Estado nos últimos vinte anos, não é
possível constatar uma mudança significativa no enfrentamento que o tribunal faz da matéria,
que continua preso a ideias tradicionais que afirmam a prevalência quase absoluta do setor
público sobre o privado
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Elali, André de Souza Dantas. "Tributação e desenvolvimento econômico regional: um exame da tributação como instrumento de regulação econômica na busca da redução das desigualdades regionais." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1104.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-15<br>On this legal research the objective is to demonstrate as object of the study the taxation as an instrument of regulation in the search of the reduction of the regional inequalities. It recognizes as an objective of the Brazilian State the economical development. Through the hypothetical-deductive, bibliographical and argumentative methods the research bases on the relation between the economical law and the tax law. It considers important some techniques and information imported from economics and economical analysis of law - the Law and Economics. In the first chapter the study examines the State in face of the purposes of the Constitution and of the federalism. Analyses also the relation between legal system rules, market and competition. It establishes the power of economics as a structural base of the social system and emphasizes the socioeconomic function of the economical activities. After that, the research dedicates to taxation and it s regulatory function. It is demonstrated how may State regulate private activities in order to reach development and to reach the regional and social inequalities. It also studies the importance of tax expenditures. The last part is dedicated to the conclusive synthesis of the research.<br>A presente dissertação tem como objeto o estudo da tributação como instrumento de regulação econômica na busca da redução das desigualdades regionais. Ao reconhecer como objetivo constitucional do Estado brasileiro o desenvolvimento econômico, examina a função reguladora da tributação. Por meio dos métodos hipotético-dedutivo, bibliográfico e dissertativo-argumentativo, e baseando-se na relação entre o direito econômico e o direito tributário, ainda valendo-se de técnicas e dados da ciência econômica e da análise econômica do direito (Law and Economics), no primeiro capítulo o trabalho examina o papel do Estado no momento contemporâneo, em face dos propósitos da Constituição e do federalismo, analisando a relação entre os princípios da ordem econômica, o mercado e a concorrência. Posteriormente, tratando do poder econômico como um dado estrutural, enfatiza a função sócio-econômica das atividades econômicas. Na terceira parte, o trabalho cuida da tributação e dos seus aspectos fiscais e extrafiscais, demonstrando as formas de intervenção do Estado no processo econômico, com ênfase para o regime jurídico das normas tributárias indutoras, especialmente aquelas que concedem incentivos fiscais. Analisa, também, os princípios da tributação vinculados ao tema do desenvolvimento econômico regional. Demonstra, em seguida, a realidade dos incentivos fiscais na busca da redução das desigualdades na região nordeste do país. A última parte é dedicada à síntese conclusiva do trabalho de pesquisa.
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Zardini, Elia. "Living on the slippery slope : the nature, sources and logic of vagueness." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/508.
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Michelon, Mateus Fontana. "Transições de fase em ligas substitucionais e líquidos polimórficos através de simulações atomísticas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277258.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Um dos objetivos da simulação atomística na ciência dos materiais é calcular as propriedades de um material virtual e propor rotas para sua fabricação em laboratório. Uma das principais propriedades que o material deve apresentar antes de ser sintetizado é a estabilidade termodinâmica. Como a estabilidade é determinada pela energia livre, o cálculo preciso desta quantidade é de fundamental importância na construção de um laboratório virtual. Neste contexto, desenvolvemos uma metodologia alternativa para a determinação da energia livre de ligas substitucionais, que leva em conta os graus de liberdade vibracionais e configuracionais com precisão controlada. A metodologia utiliza o método de Monte Carlo para simular a dinâmica de trocas e vibrações atômicas e determina a energia livre através dos métodos de ligação adiabática e escalamento reversível. Além disso, a metodologia é capaz de avaliar a influência de mecanismos associados à entropia vibracional, através da relaxação sucessiva de vínculos na dinâmica. Especificamente, permite quantificar os mecanismos de a) proporção de ligações entre átomos distintos, b) discrepância entre volumes atômicos e c) relaxação volumétrica, e identificar a origem da diferença de entropia vibracional na transição ordem-desordem. Testamos e aplicamos a metodologia para estudar um modelo semiempírico da liga Ni3Al. Observamos um aumento da entropia vibracional na transição ordem-desordem comparável com o aumento da entropia configuracional e explicado pelo aumento de volume na transição. Outra característica de um laboratório virtual é possuir modelos que descrevam satisfatoriamente os sistemas de interesse. Investigamos um potencial do tipo tight-binding e descobrimos que não é transferível para descrever fenômenos de ordem-desordem em diversas ligas. Além de investigar o fenômeno ordem-desordem em ligas, estudamos transições de fase líquido-líquido em substâncias puras. Apresentamos uma evidência teórica de transição líquido-líquido de primeira ordem em um modelo semiempírico do gálio, fornecendo suporte a uma recente evidência experimental de transição líquido-líquido no regime super-resfriado deste elemento. Além disso, as simulações atomísticas sugerem um mecanismo microscópico para esta transição. Outras características de um laboratório virtual são a possibilidade de estudar sistemas em condições experimentais inacessíveis e a capacidade de propor novos experimentos. Neste contexto, apresentamos uma evidência teórica de transição líquido-líquido em um modelo ab initio para o dióxido de carbono. A transição ocorre entre um líquido molecular e um líquido polimérico em uma região do diagrama de fases atualmente inacessível experimentalmente. Em um futuro próximo, esperamos que seja possível testar esta previsão teórica e sintetizar fases poliméricas por meios físicos.<br>Abstract: One of the goals of atomistic simulation in materials science is to calculate properties of a virtual material and suggest routes for its fabrication in laboratory. One of the main properties that the material must have before being synthesized is the thermodynamical stability. As the thermodynamical stability is determined by the free energy, its accurate calculation is of fundamental importance for the construction of a virtual laboratory. In this context, we developed an alternative methodology to determine the free energy of substitutional alloys, which takes into account both the vibrational and configurational degrees of freedom with controlled accuracy. The methodology uses the Monte Carlo method to simulate both the vibrational and exchange dynamics and uses the adiabatic switching and reversible scaling methods to calculate the free energy efficiently. In addition, the methodology is able to evaluate the effect of three mechanisms in the vibrational entropy, through successive relaxations of constraints associated with the dynamics. Specifically, it allows to quantify the mechanisms of a) bond proportion, b) atomic size mismatch and c) bulk volume, and thus identify the origin of the vibrational entropy difference at the order-disorder transition. We tested and applied the methodology to study a semiempirical model of the Ni3Al alloy. We observed an increasing of the vibrational entropy at the order-disorder transition comparable to the configurational entropy increasing and explained by an increasing of the bulk volume. Another expected feature of a virtual laboratory is to offer models that describe satisfactorily the systems of interest. We investigated a tight-binding potential and found out that it is not transferable to describe the order-disorder phenomena in several alloys. In addition to the study of the order-disorder phenomena in alloys, we investigated phase transitions between two liquids of a pure substance. We present a theoretical evidence of a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition in a semiempirical model of gallium, which lend support to the recent experimental evidence of a first-order liquid-liquid transition in the supercooled regime of this element. Moreover, the atomistic simulations suggest a microscopic mechanism for this phase transition. Another expected features of a virtual laboratory are the possibility to investigate systems in unreachable experimental conditions and the capacity to suggest new experiments. In this context, we present an ab initio theoretical evidence of a liquid-liquid phase transition in carbon dioxide. We predict a transition between a molecular liquid and a polymeric liquid at a temperature and pressure which are presently unreachable experimentally. We hope that in the near future it will be possible to test this theoretical prediction and synthesize polymeric phases through physical means.<br>Doutorado<br>Física da Matéria Condensada<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Cassis, Eduardo Bichir. "Revisão judicial de contrato de cessão de crédito decorrente de precatórios." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6309.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-05<br>Generally speaking, the study is outlined in two phases, with the first plan to delimit the object from the overview of Civil law until the central object of the dissertation: the credit transaction contract comes due; in turn, the second stage justifies the importance of judicial review of such contracts by breaking the base of legal business, surpassing the requirements for the application of the theory of oversights. The research supports the right of social relations, resulting in the parameter effectivity of private law and the protection of civil liberties, addressing the private legal relationships and the dignity of the human person. Deals with the transformation in paradigm of Civil law, i.e. the despatrimonialização resulting from the making of intersubjective relations. A result of this new vision in Hatcher, touches of Oversights, in conclusion, further, that in the present day, for the judicial review of contracts, their requirements have already been overcome. The new civil Constitution order allows to interpret the direct application of the provisions of the Federal Constitution in exceptional character, provided that there are shortcomings in the standards that make up the open system of Civil law. This is because the principles and general clauses allow the interpretation of the system and enable contours and limits established by the system itself. Civil contracts negotiating relations are mandatory and sustain the economic system. Is that solidarity and the normative dirigisme have joined economic relations and, therefore, the parties no longer have antagonistic interests and the need to work cooperatively. With this vision, the analysis becomes a credit transfer agreements, which influence the movement of wealth, possessing umbilical relationship with the guarantee of a decent life. More precisely, this study tackles the credit assignment due for payment and the systematic recently amended by constitutional c. Supreme Court. The second phase of the work part of the contract of assignment of credit for payment of bringing arguments for their judicial review, preserving the balance between the parties, for the use of general clauses and principles of constitutional civil (private autonomy, consensus, relativity of contracts, mandatory conservation covenants, strength, solidarity, equality, good faith and social function). Indeed, deviates from the application of the theory of oversights in the present day, since the revision of the contract is justified by changing the base of legal business, being that the main ground of review must be based on the social function of the contract. With these aspects, the dissertation justifies his academic significance and invites the reader to rethink old ways through a new look, oxygenated by critical constructivism and ruled by a line of social function of contracts, all to keep in mind the balance between the Contracting Parties<br>Em linhas gerais, o estudo é traçado em duas fases, sendo que a primeira pretende delimitar o objeto partindo da visão geral do Direito Civil até chegar ao objeto central da dissertação: o contrato de cessão de crédito oriundo de precatório; por sua vez, a segunda fase justifica a importância da revisão judicial de tais contratos pela quebra da base do negócio jurídico, superando os requisitos para a aplicação da teoria da imprevisão. A linha de pesquisa respalda-se no Direito das relações sociais, tendo por parâmetro a efetividade do Direito privado e a tutela das liberdades civis, abordando as relações jurídicas privadas e a dignidade da pessoa humana. Aborda-se a transformação no paradigma do Direito Civil, isto é, a despatrimonialização decorrente da funcionalização das relações intersubjetivas. Fruto dessa nova visão toca-se no nascedouro da Teoria da Imprevisão, concluindo-se, mais adiante, que nos dias atuais, para a revisão judicial de contratos, seus requisitos já foram superados. A nova ordem civil constitucional possibilita ao interprete a aplicação direta dos preceitos da Constituição Federal em caráter excepcional, desde que haja lacuna nas normas que compõem o sistema aberto do Direito Civil. Isso porque os princípios e as cláusulas gerais permitem a interpretação do sistema e possibilitam contornos e limites estabelecidos pelo próprio sistema. Os contratos civis decorrem de relações negociais obrigacionais e sustentam o sistema econômico. É que a solidariedade e o dirigismo normativo passaram a integrar as relações econômicas e, por isso, as partes deixaram de possuir interesses antagônicos e passaram a ter necessidade de atuação cooperativa. Com essa visão, a análise se converte aos contratos de cessão de crédito, os quais influenciam na circulação de riquezas, possuindo umbilical relação com a garantia de uma vida digna. Mais precisamente, o estudo aborda a cessão de crédito decorrente de precatório e a sistemática constitucional, recentemente alterada pelo C. Supremo Tribunal Federal. A segunda fase do trabalho parte do contrato de cessão de crédito decorrente de precatório trazendo argumentos que justificam a sua a revisão judicial, preservando o equilíbrio entre as partes, pela utilização das cláusulas gerais e alguns princípios de civil constitucional (autonomia privada, consensualismo, relatividade dos contratos, força obrigatória dos pactos, conservação, solidariedade, igualdade, boa-fé e função social). Com efeito, afasta-se a aplicação da teoria da imprevisão nos dias atuais, pois a revisão do contrato é justificada pela alteração da base do negócio jurídico, sendo que o principal fundamento da revisão deverá estar pautado na função social do contrato. Com essas vertentes, a dissertação justifica seu significado acadêmico e convida o leitor a repensar as velhas formas através de um novo olhar, oxigenado pelo construtivismo crítico e pautado pela linha-mestra da função social dos contratos, tudo no sentido de manter presente o equilíbrio entre as partes contratantes
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Faifua, Denise Elizabeth. "Willing and social work participation : socio-cultural rationalisation in industrial organisation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15824/1/Denise_Faifua_Thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis I interrogate the possibility of 'willing and social' work participation in industrial organisation. I draw on Habermas's (1976, 1979, 1984 & 1987) work to synthesise marxist and weberian ideas, and to derive a socio -cultural or cultural Marxist perspective on Capitalism. From this position I highlight the limitations of social action in theories of organisation and work. Moreover, I theoretically derive a model of work participation that acknowledges broader orientations to work. I interrogate that model of work participation in a study of four dominant forms of industrial organisation. Those organisations are SEQEB the South East Queensland Energy Board, Eagle Boy Pizzas in Queensland, the New South Sugar Milling Cooperative Ltd, and Budge -Ellis Staff Co-operative. Gathering data for this study involved both primary and secondary research. I used a comparative and longitudinal field research approach, unstructured interviews with an interview guide, and the collection of documents recommended by interviewees. I interviewed people working in the organisations and relevant government agencies. My research involved travel in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Ultimately, I produce a sociologically informed model for the establishment of 'willing and social' work participation. I conclude work participation exists within the context of capitalism, and social relations - either formally free or free; that work participation is directly influenced by rational configurations of the world of work comprising economic, political and social worldviews; and I argue the dominance of a worldview depends on whether the political action premises of buffering and shoring successfully neutralise competing worldviews; and whether the moral dictums or espoused values of work are prescribed or invoked and result in the exploitation or deployment of internal values. My thesis points in the direction of further work on co-operative forms of organisation and work and their commonweal ideologies. In particular, my findings demonstrate a crowding out of co-operative forms and ideologies, not only by capitalist forms but also by trade union collectives. The type of research I suggest has the potential to increase the legitimation of co-operative forms of organisation. Although, the Australian co-operative movement has many achievements there remains the problem of establishing a socially progressive rationality that makes practical or operational sense to people at work. The emancipator ideal of willing and social work participation is intended to epitomise the goals of the enlightenment project, and to lead in that direction.
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Faifua, Denise Elizabeth. "Willing and Social Work Participation: Socio-Cultural Rationalisation in Industrial Organisation." Queensland University of Technology, 2001. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15824/.
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In this thesis I interrogate the possibility of 'willing and social' work participation in industrial organisation. I draw on Habermas's (1976, 1979, 1984 & 1987) work to synthesise marxist and weberian ideas, and to derive a socio -cultural or cultural Marxist perspective on Capitalism. From this position I highlight the limitations of social action in theories of organisation and work. Moreover, I theoretically derive a model of work participation that acknowledges broader orientations to work. I interrogate that model of work participation in a study of four dominant forms of industrial organisation. Those organisations are SEQEB the South East Queensland Energy Board, Eagle Boy Pizzas in Queensland, the New South Sugar Milling Cooperative Ltd, and Budge -Ellis Staff Co-operative. Gathering data for this study involved both primary and secondary research. I used a comparative and longitudinal field research approach, unstructured interviews with an interview guide, and the collection of documents recommended by interviewees. I interviewed people working in the organisations and relevant government agencies. My research involved travel in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Ultimately, I produce a sociologically informed model for the establishment of 'willing and social' work participation. I conclude work participation exists within the context of capitalism, and social relations - either formally free or free; that work participation is directly influenced by rational configurations of the world of work comprising economic, political and social worldviews; and I argue the dominance of a worldview depends on whether the political action premises of buffering and shoring successfully neutralise competing worldviews; and whether the moral dictums or espoused values of work are prescribed or invoked and result in the exploitation or deployment of internal values. My thesis points in the direction of further work on co-operative forms of organisation and work and their commonweal ideologies. In particular, my findings demonstrate a crowding out of co-operative forms and ideologies, not only by capitalist forms but also by trade union collectives. The type of research I suggest has the potential to increase the legitimation of co-operative forms of organisation. Although, the Australian co-operative movement has many achievements there remains the problem of establishing a socially progressive rationality that makes practical or operational sense to people at work. The emancipator ideal of willing and social work participation is intended to epitomise the goals of the enlightenment project, and to lead in that direction.
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Hess, Manon. "Restauration écologique des communautés végétales après éradication d'espèces invasives : Rôle de la dynamique de colonisation et des effets de priorité Using limiting similarity to enhance invasion resistance: theoretical and practical concerns Priority effects: Emerging principles for invasive plant species management Giving recipient communities a greater head start and including productive species boosts early resistance to invasion." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0357.
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Les plantes invasives posent d’importants problèmes environnementaux et de santé publique, et leur contrôle est aujourd’hui un défi majeur. Elles rencontrent des conditions particulièrement favorables après des perturbations conduisant à une suppression du couvert végétal. La mise en place d’un couvert végétal séquestrant rapidement ces ressources parait alors une réponse probante pour réduire l’invasion. Néanmoins, les caractéristiques des communautés nécessaires pour exercer une résistance efficace dans les premières phases d’installation sont encore peu connues.Je me suis intéressée à deux mécanismes qui pourraient influencer la résistance à l’invasion des communautés végétales herbacées lors des premiers stades d’installation après une perturbation majeure, que sont (1) la ‘limiting similarity’, impliquant que la coexistence d’espèces partageant la même niche écologique est limitée par l’exclusion compétitive, et (2) les effets de priorité, qui surviennent lorsque l’installation d’une espèce affecte la performance ou la survie d’une espèce arrivant par la suite. L’examen de la littérature confirme que l’application de la ‘limiting similarity’ pour lutter contre les plantes invasives est complexe et n’a, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, fait preuve d’efficacité. Intégrer les effets de priorité aux méthodes de contrôle des plantes invasives après une perturbation semble d’avantage prometteur. Une des stratégies consiste en la mise en place d’un couvert végétal exerçant de forts effets de priorité négatifs, diminuant le succès d’installation des plantes invasives. Deux expérimentations en serre ont été réalisées à cet effet, visant à jouer sur les effets de priorité de la communauté native receveuse afin d’en comprendre l’implication dans la résistance à l’invasion. Dans une première expérimentation, le temps d’avance de la communauté receveuse sur l’arrivée de trois espèces invasives (i.e. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bothriochloa barbinodis et Cortaderia selloana), la composition en espèces et la densité des semis ont été manipulés. Une meilleure résistance à l’invasion a été observée lorsque les communautés produisent une forte biomasse aérienne, cette dernière étant associée à la présence d’espèces productives. Retarder l’arrivée des espèces invasives a également réduit le succès d’invasion, mais ceci uniquement lorsque la production de biomasse était suffisamment importante. Une seconde expérimentation a porté sur l’influence de l’identité de la première espèce installée dans la communauté receveuse ainsi que l’ordre de semis des espèces (semis simultané de la communauté ou séquentiel) sur la structuration de la communauté et les conséquences sur sa résistance à l’invasion par A. artemisiifolia. Des différences minimes dans la dynamique de colonisation de la communauté receveuse a substantiellement affecté sa structure, sa production de biomasse, la concentration du sol en nutriments, ainsi que sa résistance précoce à l’invasion. Le semis séquentiel a généralement diminué la résistance à l’invasion par rapport au semis simultané de l’ensemble de la communauté. Les espèces installées en premier ont généré des effets de priorité d’intensité variable, vraisemblablement par le biais de la compétition racinaire, impactant l’invasibilité.En conclusion, la dynamique de colonisation a considérablement influencé le succès d'invasion par le biais de différences de production de biomasse et de préemption des ressources. Les effets de priorité des communautés récemment établies et la résistance à l'invasion associée pourraient être améliorés en (1) maximisant le temps d’avance à la communauté receveuse par rapport aux espèces invasives, (2) introduisant des espèces capables de produire rapidement de la biomasse et de préempter les ressources du sol, et (3) évitant le semis séquentiel, en particulier lorsque les premières espèces installées sont des espèces productives fixatrices d'azote<br>Invasive plant species cause serious environmental and sanitary issues and their control is today a major challenge. Disturbances involving vegetation removal and an increase in resource availability offer particularly favorable conditions for invasive plant colonization. Establishing a plant cover rapidly sequestering resources could be a relevant strategy to limit invasion. However, little is known about the characteristics enabling newly established communities to exert strong invasion resistance, especially in the early growth stages.In this thesis, I focused on two potential determinants of invasion resistance of herbaceous plant communities in the early growth stages after a major disturbance, which are (1) the concept of limiting similarity, stating that the coexistence of species sharing the same ecological niche is limited by competitive exclusion, and (2) priority effects, which occur when the establishment of a species affects the performance or survival of later arriving species. The application of limiting similarity to control invasive plants appears complex, ineffective and unsuitable for the most common situations. In contrast, integrating priority effects into invasive plant management strategies seems more promising. One strategy consists in restoring a plant cover exerting strong negative priority effects, decreasing the success of subsequent invasive plant establishment. In two greenhouse experiments, I explored the role of priority effects in early invasion resistance. In a first experiment, I manipulated species composition, sowing density and the elapsed time between community sowing and invasion by Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bothriochloa barbinodis and Cortaderia selloana. A higher invasion resistance was observed when communities produced a high aboveground biomass, which was associated with the presence of productive species. Delaying invasive species arrival also decreased invasion success, but only if it allowed a sufficient increase in biomass production. A second experiment investigated how the identity of the first native colonizer (one of two grasses: Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne, or one of two legumes: Onobrychis viciifolia and Trifolium repens) and the timing of species establishment (synchronous vs. sequential sowing) influenced the structuration of the recipient community and its resistance to invasion by A. artemisiifolia. Small differences in assembly history of the recipient community substantially affected community structure, biomass production, soil nutrient content, as well as early invasion resistance. Sequential sowing generally decreased invasion resistance compared with a synchronous sowing. Early colonizers generated priority effects of variable strength most likely via belowground competition, which affected A. artemisiifolia’s invasion success. A prior establishment of the N-fixing legume T. repens particularly boosted A. artemisiifolia’s performance. In conclusions, this thesis work highlights the inadequacy of revegetation strategies based on limiting similarity and reveals promising perspectives of manipulating assembly history and priority effects for designing invasion resistant communities. Assembly history significantly influenced early invasion success by inducing differences in biomass production and resource preemption by the recipient community. Priority effects of newly established communities and associated invasion resistance could be enhanced by (1) giving as much time advance as possible to the recipient community over invasives, (2) introducing species displaying an ability to rapidly produce biomass and preempt soil resources, or (3) avoiding sequential sowing especially when early colonizers are nitrogen-fixing, productive species
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Шурко, О. І. "Адміністративно-правове забезпечення охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77937.
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Визначається поняття громадського порядку як об’єкта адміністративно- правової охорони. Окреслюються особливості забезпечення охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах. Надається характеристика правовим засадам забезпечення охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах та визначається місце серед них адміністративно-правового регулювання. Встановлюються завдання та функції Служби судової охорони. Визначаються компетенція і повноваження Служби судової охорони. З’ясовуються особливості юридичної відповідальності працівників Служби судової охорони. Розглядається організаційно-штатна структура Служби судової охорони. Узагальнюється зарубіжний досвід охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах та визначаються можливості його використання в Україні. Окреслюються перспективні напрямки вдосконалення адміністративного законодавства, яке регламентує здійснення охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах. Визначаються напрямки удосконалення організаційних засад здійснення охорони та підтримання громадського порядку в судах.<br>В диссертации приведено теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи, которая заключается в решении комплекса теоретических и практических проблем административно-правового обеспечения охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах. В результате проведенного исследования сформулирован ряд выводов, предложений и рекомендаций, направленных на совершенствование соответствующего законодательства. Определяется понятие общественного порядка как объекта административно-правовой охраны, под которым предлагается понимать состояние общественных отношений, сложившееся в результате регулятивного воздействия на них правовых и иных социальных норм, определяющее режим поведения субъектов в общественных местах с целью обеспечения безопасности жизни и здоровья людей, уважения их чести и достоинства, нормального функционирования государственных и общественных институтов, сохранения собственности и поддержания общественного порядка. Отмечается, что общественный порядок является необходимым условием для: а) нормального общения людей, безопасной и беспрепятственной реализации ими своих прав и обязанностей; б) надлежащего выполнения органами публичной власти и их должностными лицами своих задач и функций. Определяются особенности обеспечения охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах. Дается характеристика правовым основам обеспечения охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах и определяется место среди них административно-правового регулирования. Устанавливаются задачи и функции Службы судебной охраны. Определяются компетенция и полномочия Службы судебной охраны. Доказано, что компетенция и полномочия Службы судебной охраны формируют фундамент ее правового статуса. Отмечается, что ни компетенция, ни полномочия не являются постоянными категориями, а зависят от развития общественных отношений, возникающих в ходе осуществления правосудия, а также характера и объема задач, которые возлагаются на Службу судебной охраны. Под компетенцией Службы судебной охраны предложено понимать определенный объем задач, которые возлагаются на эту Службу и реализуются с учетом предоставленных ей прав и обязанностей. Полномочия Службы судебной охраны, в свою очередь, определены как совокупность предоставленных государством и закрепленных в установленном законом порядке прав и обязанностей, необходимых и достаточных для надлежащего выполнения возложенных на нее задач и функций. Выясняются особенности юридической ответственности работников Службы судебной охраны. Рассматривается организационно-штатная структура Службы судебной охраны. Определено, что организационно- штатная структура территориальных органов Службы судебной охраны окончательно сформирована не во всех регионах. Она находится на стадии своего становления. В краткосрочной перспективе будут доукомплектованы органы управления, продлено обучение и повышение квалификации сотрудников, укомплектованы подразделения оперативно-внезапного действия и личной безопасности судей. Предложено в ближайшее время разработать и утвердить приказом Государственной судебной администрации Положение об организационно-штатной структуре Службы судебной охраны. Обобщается зарубежный опыт охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах и определяются возможности его использования в Украине. Определяются перспективные направления совершенствования административного законодательства, регламентирующего осуществление охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах. Определяются направления совершенствования организационных основ осуществления охраны и поддержания общественного порядка в судах.<br>The concept of public order as an object of administrative and legal protection has been determined. Specific features of ensuring the protection of public order in the courts have been outlined. The author has provided characteristics of legal principles of ensuring the protection of public order in the courts and has determined the place of administrative and legal regulation among them. The tasks and functions of the Judicial Protection Service have been established. The competences and powers of the Judicial Protection Service have been determined. Specific features of legal liability of the employees of the Judicial Protection Service have been clarified. The organizational structure of the Judicial Protection Service has been considered. International experience for protecting and keeping public order in the courts has been generalized; and opportunities for its application in Ukraine have been determined. The perspective directions for improving administrative legislation regulating the protection of public order in the courts have been outlined. The directions for improving organizational principles of protecting and keeping public order in the courts have beendetermined.
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Tran, Thi Phuong Nhung. "L’Association des Nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) : Contribution à l’étude du processus d’institutionnalisation dans le droit international public." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0125/document.
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L’Association des nations de l’Asie du sud-est (ASEAN) est l’une des organisationsrégionales les plus anciennes en Asie. Créée en 1967 par la Déclaration de Bangkok, une déclarationinterétatique, l’ASEAN n’avait pas un statut juridique clair jusqu’en 2007, date de l’adoption de saCharte constitutive. A défaut d’une base conventionnelle, l’ASEAN ne manquait pourtant pas descaractéristiques d’une organisation internationale. Pendant les quarante années qui ont suivi sacréation, elle avait choisi un mode de fonctionnement fondé principalement sur les relations(relationship-based) et non sur les règles de droit. La prédominance du politique dans lefonctionnement de l’ASEAN a donc laissé aux règles de droit une place secondaire voire ambigüe.Cette spécificité, appelée ASEAN way, a fait de l’ASEAN une organisation au service des intérêtsindividuels de ses membres. En 2007, l’ASEAN s’est dotée d’une Charte constitutive, qui tente à latransformer en une organisation fondée sur des règles (rule-based). Cette Charte qui a ouvert unenouvelle ère pour l’ASEAN, l’a mise au rang d’organisation internationale, sujet dérivé du droitinternational. Elle semble remettre en cause la place du politique dans le fonctionnement de cetteorganisation. Néanmoins, la Charte a renforcé l’ASEAN way, ce qui démontre les limites de l’ASEAN.L’étude de l’institutionnalisation de l’ASEAN vise à démontrer les causes de la prééminence del’ASEAN way sur le droit et ses répercussions sur les relations entre les Etats. Cette présente étudeprocède à l’examen de l’articulation entre les objectifs et principes comme cadre axiologique del’ASEAN, son système institutionnel et son ordre juridique<br>The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the most ancient regionalorganizations in Asia. Created in 1967 by the Bangkok Declaration, an interstate declaration, ASEANdid not have a clear legal status until 2007, date of its constituent Charter adoption. Lacking aconventional basis, ASEAN however did not lack the characteristics of an international organization.During the 40 years following its creation, it had chosen a mode of functioning mainly based onrelationship and not on rules of law. The political predominance in the ASEAN functioning therefore leftonly a secondary place to the rules of law, somewhat ambiguous. This particularity, so-called ASEANway, has made ASEAN an organization geared towards the individual interests of its members. In2007, ASEAN adopted a constituent Charter, whose aim is to transform ASEAN into a rule-basedorganization. This Charter, opening a new era for ASEAN, raised it to the rank of internationalorganization – derived subject of international law. It seems to call into question the place of politics inits functioning. The Charter nevertheless reinforced the ASEAN way, which shows the limits of ASEAN.The study of the ASEAN institutionalization aims at proving the cause of the predominance of ASEANway on the law and its repercussions on interstate relationships. This present study carries out theexamination of the link between the aims and the principles as an axiomatical framework of ASEAN, ofits institutional system and its legal order
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Campana, Eduardo Luiz Michelan. "A fundamentação constitucional da tutela penal da ordem econômica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5533.
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Previous issue date: 2011-05-05<br>This dissertation analyzes the constitutional economic order as a value source of Criminal Law. The research starts by analyzing the impact on the criminal systems of the different conceptions of State, checking on the features of Criminal Law in a Democratic and Social Rule-of-Law State. Analyzing constitutional criminal principles and values, constitutional theories on the criminal-juridical good, constitutional subpoenas, Economic Criminal Law and dispositions that establish the formal economic Constitution, allows for evaluation of the foundation present in the Federal Constitution of 1988 for criminal liability regarding proceedings that harm, or put in harm s ways the economic order. The supraindividual goods established by the Constitution form the social basis of the Rule-of-Law and require their enforcement and protection so as to perform social justice, including by punitive state interventions in new scopes, among which the economic order stands out. From the ruling content and meaning of the various constitutional provisions that it brings, which are in accordance with the Republic's foundations and objectives, it is particularly noticeable the relevance and axiological density of the Brazilian democratic state s economic order. The principles, foundations and objectives of the economic order reveal constitutional values of undisputable importance, a safe direction to attest its criminal value, supporting the investigation about the lack of legal protection, legitimizing the criminalization of procedures that result in social harm, besides authorizing a discussion about criminalization clauses. Constitutional foundation for legal protection of the economic order leads necessarily to the study of adequate instruments to face economic crimes, which requires an approach of Criminal Economic Law, a criminal right that involves danger or risk, resorting to open criminal types, blank criminal regulations and analogical interpretation, all of which are tools that, when adequately applied, seek to confer effectiveness to the punitive state s intervention for the protection of the economic order<br>O presente trabalho analisa a ordem econômica constitucional como uma fonte
valorativa do Direito Penal. A investigação inicia-se com o impacto sobre o sistema punitivo
das diferentes concepções de Estado, verificando-se quais as características do Direito Penal
de um Estado Democrático e Social de Direito. A análise dos princípios e valores
constitucionais penais, das teorias constitucionais sobre o bem jurídico-penal, dos mandados
constitucionais de criminalização, dos institutos de Direito Penal Econômico e dos
dispositivos que integram a Constituição econômica formal permite aquilatar o fundamento
existente na Constituição Federal de 1988 para a intervenção penal com relação às condutas
que lesionam ou colocam em perigo a ordem econômica. Os bens supraindividuais
consagrados em nossa Lei Maior integram o núcleo social do Estado de Direito e reclamam
sua promoção e proteção para a realização da justiça social, inclusive por meio da intervenção
punitiva estatal em novos âmbitos, dentre os quais se destaca a ordem econômica. Do
conteúdo e significado dos diversos dispositivos constitucionais que a disciplinam, os quais
guardam congruência com os fundamentos e objetivos da República, avultam a relevância e a
densidade axiológica da ordem econômica no Estado Democrático brasileiro. Os princípios,
fundamentos e objetivos da ordem econômica revelam valores constitucionais de inegável
importância, norte seguro para a aferição de sua dignidade penal, alavancando a investigação
sobre o juízo de carência de tutela penal, legitimando a criminalização de condutas que a
afetam com danosidade social, além de autorizarem a discussão sobre a existência de
cláusulas de criminalização. A fundamentação constitucional da tutela penal da ordem
econômica conduz necessariamente ao estudo do instrumental adequado para o enfrentamento
da criminalidade econômica, o que demanda uma necessária abordagem do Direito Penal
Econômico, um direito penal de perigo ou de risco, que se vale de tipos penais abertos,
normas penais em branco e da interpretação analógica, ferramentas que, adequadamente
empregadas, buscam conferir efetividade à intervenção punitiva estatal para a proteção da
ordem econômica
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Horáková, Petra. "Stavebně technologický projekt minipivovaru Vysočina." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227236.
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The aim of thediploma thesis is to make the detailed building-technological project of microbrewery Vysočina. It is concentrated on the principles of building organization what makes construction facility, the calculation of electric power and water supply, calculation of the costs of operating the construction site and its graphic representation for chosen construction phases. I also make the project of the optimal machine composition. After that I compile the budget and costing of the microbrewery, the time and financial plan and the evaluation of main sources. I technologically solve the phase of upper shell construction made of reinforced pre-cast construction for building object of the microbrewery Vysočina. I apply the other ways of assembly of upper shell construction and show their evaluation in terms of price and time construction. I make the inspection and test plan, environmental aspects, the source register of working risk, heat-engineering review of building case and fire safety solutions.
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Racho, Tania. "Le système européen de protection des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020042/document.
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C’est par un regard systémique que sont abordés dans cette étude les rapports entre les ordres juridiques européens, Union européenne et Conseil de l’Europe, et les ordres juridiques nationaux sur le terrain spécifique de la protection des droits fondamentaux. L’ensemble des interactions a atteint un degré de sophistication tel qu’il est devenu difficile d’organiser leur analyse. L’approche par l’identification d’un système européen de protection des droits fondamentaux permet de dégager des règles, qui se présentent comme des effets de ce systèmes pour les ordres juridiques précités. Ainsi, la présomption de protection équivalente entre les droits fondamentaux est envisagée comme un élément déclencheur, formalisant les interactions entre les ordres juridiques dans un système. Celui-ci fonctionne grâce aux principes de subsidiarité, de proportionnalité et de sécurité juridique. Ces trois principes sont les règles du système, révélées par le regard englobant du système. Dans l’ensemble, il apparaît que l’adhésion de l’Union européenne à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme serait pertinente mais ne représente pas une étape indispensable. En revanche, il serait souhaitable d’avancer vers une harmonisation matérielle plus poussée, qui pourrait être réalisée par les juges européens. Il suffirait d’élaborer des notions européennes communes et des obligations positives identiques à la charge des États, afin d’assurer une protection effective des droits fondamentaux<br>The relationship between the two european legal order, the European Union and the Council of Europe, and national legal orders is analysed through a systemic vision, on the specific field of protection of Fundamental rights. Their relation has become so intense that it is hard to organise a study about them. That is why the systemic approach helps consider those relations as a whole. The first step, that shifts the interaction between the legal orders mentioned into a system is the presumption of equivalent protection. Follows the discovery of the rules of the system, that are also an effect of this system. More precisly, the rules are the principle of subsidiarity, proportionality and legal certainty. It appears that there is no need for the European Union to acceed to the European Convention of Human Rights, even if it would make the legal relation easier. However, it could be useful for the effectiveness of Fundamental Rights to deepen the substantial harmonisation between the european legal orders through the identification by the judges of european autonomous concept and common positive human rights obligations
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Fujdiak, Radek. "Analýza a optimalizace datové komunikace pro telemetrické systémy v energetice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358408.
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Telemetry system, Optimisation, Sensoric networks, Smart Grid, Internet of Things, Sensors, Information security, Cryptography, Cryptography algorithms, Cryptosystem, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Data freshness, Non-Repudiation.
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Lin, Ching-Sou, and 林慶壽. "Maximum Principles for Some Higher Order Elliptic Equations." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59167072269683969216.
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FANG, CHUN-CHIANG, and 方軍強. "The Second Order Sliding Mode Controllers Principles and Their Applications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k26g8d.
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van, de Walle Axel, Dane Morgan, Eric Wu, and Gerbrand Ceder. "Vibrational thermodynamics: coupling of chemical order and size effects." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3992.
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We study the effects of vibrations in the Pd₃ system using first-principles pseudopotential calculations. We find that upon disordering from the DO₂₂ phase, the decreases by 0.07kB. We explain our results in terms of atomic relaxations and size effects.<br>Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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Narain, R. B. "Conservation laws of some 'high-order' nonlinear PDEs using variational and 'partial-variational' principles." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7232.
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The construction of conserved vectors using Noether's theorem via a knowledge
of a Lagrangian (or via the recently developed concept of partial Lagrangians)
is well known. The formulae to determine these for higher-order °ows is some-
what cumbersome and becomes more so as the order increases. We carry out
these for a class of fourth, ¯fth and sixth order PDEs. In the latter case, we
involve the ¯fth-order KdV equation using the concept of `weak' Lagrangians
analogous to the third-order KdV case. Then we considered the case of a mixed
`high-order' equations working on the Shallow Water Wave and Regularized
Long Wave equations. These mixed type equations have not been dealt with
thus far using this technique. We ¯nally, analyse the conserved °ows of some
multi-variable equations that arises in relativity.
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Lin, Jun-Liaung, and 林俊良. "Application of First Principles to Study the Electronic Structures and Orbital Order of LiTi2O4." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87637246836065650991.
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Wang, Ren-Bo, and 王仁博. "Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of III-VI Semiconductor Monolayers from First-Principles Calculations." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30088243824397680844.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>應用物理所<br>103<br>The family of III-VI semiconductors MX (M = Ga, In and X = S, Se) monolayers (MLs) has recently gotten attention as a new type of two dimensional materials for their significant electronic and optical properties such as layer dependent properties and sizable band gaps. In this thesis, a systematic first-principles study of second-order nonlinear optical properties of III-VI semiconductors was performed within density functional theory with local density approximation. The underlying determination of crystal structures was taken from experimental data. Our calculations with scissors corrections for bulk ε-GaSe and γ-InSe are in good agreement with experiment results, which shows that all MX MLs display significant second-order harmonic generation coefficients under scissors corrections. Furthermore, the prominent features in the χ(2)abc(−2ω, ω, ω) spectra for MX MLs are successfully correlated with the features in linear optical dielectric function ε(ω) in terms of single- and two-photon resonances. Among the MLs, InSe ML possesses the largest second-order harmonic generation susceptibility and the largest linear electro-optical coefficient.
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Lin, Jiao. "Mössbauer Diffractometry: Principles, Practice, and an Application to a Study of Chemical Order in ⁵⁷Fe₃Al." Thesis, 2004. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1868/1/main.pdf.
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<p>For the first time, Mössbauer powder diffractometry went beyond the proof-of-principal stage and was used to study unknown periodicities of defect-related chemical environments of Fe atoms in a partially-ordered ⁵⁷Fe₃Al polycrystalline sample.</p>
<p>Mössbauer powder diffractometry is based on two phenomena, the Mössbauer effect and the Bragg diffraction. The Mössbauer effect is sensitive to short-range order whereas diffractometry is sensitive to long-range order. Together, they enable Mössbauer powder diffractometry to provide information on long-range periodicities of target atoms having specific short-range order.</p>
<p>Both experimental and theoretical efforts are necessary for this novel technique to become practical. In this research, hardware and software for Mössbauer powder diffractometry were improved. A kinematical diffraction theory for Mössbauer powder diffractometry incorporating effects of interference between electronic and nuclear resonant scattering was developed. The applicability of the theory was verified by computer calculations that accounted for dynamical diffraction effects. A thorough analysis of polarization effects, including a polycrystalline average of polarization factors, was done systematically using spherical harmonic expansions.</p>
<p>Multiple diffraction patterns were measured at Doppler velocities across all nuclear resonances of ⁵⁷Fe₃Al. On the basis of the theory developed, the superlattice diffractions were analyzed to provide data on the long-range order of Fe atoms having different numbers of Al neighbors. Comparing experimental data to calculations showed that Fe atoms having three Al atoms as first-nearest neighbors (1nn) have partial simple cubic long-range order, similar to that of Fe atoms with four Al 1nn. The simple cubic periodicity of Fe atoms with three Al 1nn was significantly lower than expected for homogeneous antisite disorder, however. Monte-Carlo simulations and transmission electron microscopy suggest that a significant fraction of aperiodic Fe atoms with three Al 1nn are near antiphase domain boundaries.</p>
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Wu, Li-Ya, and 吳立雅. "A Study of Human-Computer Interface on Medication Errors and Principles of Interface Design of Physician Order Entry System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45158753423615133821.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>資訊傳播學系<br>92<br>The Physician Order Entry Systems (POES) have replaced the traditional handwritten prescription process and improve the efficiency of hospitals. However, medication errors may arise from poorly designed POES. While most researches of information technology in medication errors are focused on quality of medication services, system functions, evaluation of management performance and integration of electronic medical records, researches discussing preventing medication errors by interface design engineering of POES are rare.
This dissertation surveys possible factors triggering medication errors of POES from the viewpoint of human-computer interface design. The following results are obtained:
1. The evaluation categories to evaluate the interface design of POES are deduced;
2. The factors causing medication errors derived from inadequate interface design of POES are analyzed by the data collected from the suggestions of users and usability experts;
3. Interface design principles constructing safer and more reliable POES’es are proposed; and
4. Suggestions of users and usability experts are compared to reveal the difference and conflicts to understand the key points in designing better POES’es.
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Rutherford, Shaela Nay. "For the love of order and the sense of beauty : Denman Waldo Ross and his theory of pure design." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28251.
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This study investigated the work of design theorist Denman Waldo Ross and his theory of “pure design.” During the early twentieth century, Ross delivered lectures, published articles and books, and mused endlessly on the subject of art and design pedagogy. He taught future architects, designers, and art teachers at Harvard University, and acted as a patron to artists and art theorists. He also served on numerous boards and panels, helping to govern the Boston public schools, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Academy of Arts and Sciences, among others. His work is not widely known today, but it was influential during a critical moment in American art education history. Arthur Wesley Dow is often credited as initiator of the elements and principles of design—an unfair burden for him to bear. Denman Waldo Ross, too, participated in the development of the language and terminology related to the elements and principles of design in the canon of art education at the turn of the twentieth century.<br>text