Dissertations / Theses: 'Principles of war'

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Orativskyi, Volodymyr. "The principles of war reconsidered." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501474.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009. Thesis Advisor(s): Arquilla, John. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Principles of war, information age, contemporary militaries. Author(s) subject terms: Principles of war, Information Age, military history, military doctrine, military strategy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130). Also available in print.

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Ettrich, Brian B. "The principles of war : are they still applicable? /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FEttrich.pdf.

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Muenchow, Jonathan C. "National principles of war : guiding national power to victory /." Norfolk, Va. : Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA451249.

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Thesis (M.S. in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy)--Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2006. Vita. "26 May 2006." "National Defense Univ Norfolk VA"--DTIC cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73). Also available via the Internet.

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Christensson, Anna. "Utveckling av krigföringens principer i små stater. : Fallet Sverige." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5483.

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ABSTRACT: The aim of this essay is to analyze whether the development of the Principles of War in small states´ doctrine has been influenced by the doctrinal development of alliances after the start of an international cooperation. The author suggests that the development of the Principles of War can be understood through theories of doctrinal development. The theory used for this analysis states that small states depend on alliances, such as NATO, and therefore adapt their doctrine to better match the doctrine of the alliance. Since the Principles of War are the foundation of doctrine, such an adaption should lead to an adaption of the Principles of War as well. The analysis will be made using Swedish Army field manuals as a basis. These will be compared to NATO´s, in order to see whether or not Sweden has adapted its Principles of War following its membership of the Partnership for Peace. The results show that today the Swedish Principles of War are more similar to NATO´s than they were in 1982, which suggests that they have been adapted to better match those used by NATO. Although this essay does not analyze the reasons why, the results imply that theories of doctrinal development also include the development of principles of war. Analysis of the reasons why could be used as a basis for further research. SAMMANFATTNING: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera huruvida utvecklingen av krigföringens principer i småstaters doktriner har influerats av den doktrinära utvecklingen i allianser efter ett påbörjat internationellt samarbete. Författaren föreslår att utvecklingen av krigföringens principer kan förstås genom teorier avseende doktrinutveckling. Teorin som används för uppsatsens analys anger att små stater är beroende av allianser med exempelvis NATO, och därför måste anpassa sina doktriner så att de bättre matchar alliansens doktriner. Eftersom krigföringsprinciperna är en stor del av doktriner, bör en sådan doktrinanpassning leda till en anpassning av krigföringens principer också. Analysen kommer att göras utifrån svenska arméreglementen, vilka kommer att jämföras med NATOs, för att undersöka huruvida Sverige har anpassat sina krigföringsprinciper till att bättre matcha NATOs efter dess medlemskap i Partnership for Peace. Resultaten visar att de svenska krigföringsprinciperna är mer lika NATOs idag än vad de var 1982, vilket tyder på att de har anpassats för att bättre matcha de som används av Nato. Även då denna uppsats inte analyserar orsakerna till varför, så indikerar resultaten att teorier om doktrinutveckling även omfattar utvecklingen av krigföringens principer. Analys av anledningar till varför skulle kunna användas som en grund för vidare forskning.

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Ådén, Anders. "Nya principer - gamla krig : En teoriprövande ansats." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7495.

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Since the dawn of military thinking, theorists have been trying to find the key to victory in armed conflict. theories of classic thinkers like Jomini and Carl von Clausewitz represented two positions in the debate regarding the principles of war as universally applicable rules for battle, or as a tool for planning not capable of fully overcoming the complex reality of war. In the wake of the first world war the principles of war as formulated by Fuller following his experiences of the war, found its way into doctrine. Naval theory on the principles of war developed under the influence of these thinkers through Alfred Mahan and Julian Corbett and is still found in naval doctrine. The debate of the validity of the principles however, is still enduring. In a world of constant technological innovation and increasing complexity their relevance is questioned. Despite of this, modern theories on principles for warfare are still emerging from theorists like Geoffrey Till. The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of Till´s modern naval principles of war against historical battles, and thus, the timeless claim of the theory. The study examines the theoretical reach of Till´stheory regarding principles of war, intended for naval warfare. This theory, much like its precursors, have adopted the Jominian school of thought, sharing the ambition of universal applicability. Geoffrey Tills Creating Decisive Victorywas tested against three historical cases of naval warfare. The results of the study partially support the universal and timeless claim of Till´s theory by being represented, though not wholly, in every case. Additionally, the result indicates that the theory partially suffers from its modern design, impeding its timeless applicability. This claim, however, must be supported by further research.

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Mattsson, Christoffer. "Krigföringens principer i Försvarsmaktens reglementen och doktriner för armén 1915-2010." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-782.

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Idag är krigföringens principer en vedertagen del av svensk doktrin. Så har det inte alltid varit. För ungefär ett sekel sedan tvistade militära tänkare i väst om det överhuvudtaget fanns något som kunde kallas för krigföringens principer. Det finns än idag de som hävdar att det inte finns några principer, eller att krigföring är en konst och inte en vetenskap. I Försvarsmaktens doktriner är dessa principer dock en väsentlig komponent. Detta arbete skildrar hur principerna gradvis tog sig in i Försvarsmaktens reglementen och doktriner för armén samt belyser hur de olika principerna dök upp, byttes ut och fick olika innebörd sedan de först implementerats i ett svenskt reglemente 1924. The aim of this essay is to outline how the principles of war were implemented in Swedish army regulations and doctrines. The essay attempts to answer the following questions: What trends can be identified with regards to the importance of different principles? How have the principles been understood historically? The material used consists mainly of regulations and doctrine for the Swedish army from different parts of the 20th century. The method of the author is to analyze and compare the different regulations to come to conclusions about the importance of the principles of war in Swedish military history. The results of the essay indicate that surprise is the principle that has been a part of Swedish regulations the longest. This in turn could indicate that surprise is the principle that is the least susceptible to change in tactics and modernization.

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Cottam, D. "Architectural principles in an age of functionalism : A study of the architect-engineer in British architecture of the inter-war period." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355712.

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Larsson, Tommy. "Kriget mellan Hizbollah och Israel 2006 : framgång genom krigföringens grundprinciper?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1775.

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I juli 2006 utbröt krig mellan Israel och Hizbollah i södra Libanon. Erfarenheterna från historien visade på att Israel borde kunna gå segrande ur kriget, men utgången blev en annan. Hizbollah nådde framgång och Israel misslyckades med sin militära kampanj trots övertag i luften och i militära resurser. För att förstå hur Hizbollah nådde framgång i kriget utifrån militärteoretiskt perspektiv så har denna uppsats till syfte att analysera det faktiska agerandet genom tre av krigföringens grundprinciper kraftsamling, överraskning, handlingsfrihet och doktrinen ”Hizbollahs 13 punkter för krigföring” genom krigföringens samtliga sju grundprinciper. Analysens resultat visar på att genom sitt agerande så uppnådde Hizbollah krigföringens grundprinciper kraftsamling, överraskning¸ handlingsfrihet och i sin doktrin finns samtliga sju av krigföringens grundprinciper representerade. Dessa visar att Hizbollahs framgång i kriget kan vara ett resultat av att de planerat och agerat efter krigföringens grundprinciper. In July 2006, war broke out between Israel and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. The experience showed that Israel should be able to emerge victorious from the war, but the outcome was different. Hezbollah achieved success and Israel failed in their military campaign despite superiority in the air and military resources. To understand how Hezbollah achieved success in the war on the basis of military theory perspective, this essay aims to analyze the actual conduct of warfare by three basic principles; concentration, surprise, flexibility. Hezbollah’s doctrine "Hezbollah's 13 principles of war" will be analyzed through all of the seven basic principles of war. Analysis results show that through their actions, Hezbollah used three of the principles of warfare and their doctrine contains all of the seven basic principles of warfare. These results suggest that Hezbollah's success in the war may be a result of the basic principles of warfare.

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Ehrlinder, Erik. "Principer i konflikt." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6839.

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Background: The principles of war have a central but debated role in modern doctrine with heritage dating back to Sun Tzu. Despite that the principles are used in several modern doctrines, there is surprisingly little research to be found on these principles. The principles of security and surprise, are both argued as being key components in amphibious operations, though can also be seen as contradictory. Method: This thesis explores the principles of war by studying the theory of security, developing a theory with a set of success factors. These factors consist of physical protection, information supremacy and reserves. Hypothetically, the presence of these factors explains the outcome of amphibious raids. The theory is examined in a qualitative text analysis on two case studies on the raids on St Nazaire and Makin Island where the success factors are tested by a deductive dihedral design. The results open for a final discussion in comparison with Jimmy Johansson’s research of the principle of surprise previously made on the same raids. Results: The results show that security, through the presence of success factors, is positively affecting the outcome of amphibious raids, though further research is necessary. Security and surprise although contradictory can work in synergy with a successful surprise element leading to increased security and information supremacy a prerequisite for surprise.

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Österberg, Johan. "Framtidens stridsfordon och de grundläggande förmågorna." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1699.

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Due to the new demands put upon combat vehicles of today the development quickly strives for-ward. With developers and experts across the globe working to meet the needs of tomorrows armies. The question we ask ourselves is what will be the characteristics of these vehicles. In order to be able to categorize combat vehicle and analyze its characteristics we use the principles of war. Based on J.F.C Fullers theory from the early 19 hundreds that anything can be analysed using these principles, through a modern interpretation of the Swedish army, we can categorise the present and future abilities of combat vehicles. This interpretation includes lethality, mobility, protection, sustainability, command and intelligence. The future is represented by several articles regarding upcoming projects and future plans of vehicle developers and customers. This is some-thing witch has never been done before and gives us new ways of interpreting the role of the ar-moured fighting vehicle in the future of land warfare. The essay identifies lethality, mobility and protection as the most important principles of todays armoured fighting vehicles, witch diverts from the judgment that the most important principles of armoured fighting vehicles of the future will be mobility, protection, sustainability and command. På grund av nya krav på stridsfordon så sker utvecklingen snabbt och offensivt. Experter och industrier världen över gör sitt yttersta för att möta behoven av framtidens arméer. Frågan som här ställs är hur dessa fordon kommer att se ut och vilka egenskaper kommer de ha. För att kunna kategorisera och analysera stridsfordonets och dess egenskaper används uppdragstaktikens grund-läggande förmågor. Detta baseras på J.F.C. Fullers teori om att förmågorna är tillämpbara på allt som gäller krigföring. Enligt svensk doktrin består de grundläggande förmågorna av verkan, rör-lighet, skydd, uthållighet, ledning och underrättelser/information. Det som undersöks är synsättet på framtidens stridsfordon i ett antal artiklar. Detta har aldrig gjorts tidigare i samma omfattning och ger oss möjlighet att se stridsfordonets roll i framtidens konflikter i nytt ljus. I uppsatsen identifieras verkan, rörlighet och skydd som de viktigaste förmågorna för dagens stridsfordon, vilket skiljer sig från resultatet att de viktigaste förmågorna för framtidens stridsfor-don kommer att vara rörlighet, skydd, uthållighet och ledning.

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Llorente, af Forselles César. "Krigföringens grundprinciper i marina operationer." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7585.

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The principles of war have been questioned for a long time. Many scientists and military officers believe that they are too wide-ranging, contradictory or even invalid. Nonetheless, the principles of war have been institutionalised in several military doctrines and are used in military education. The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the principles of war can explain the outcome of modern maritime warfare. Since the principles of war cannot be regarded as one theory, Liddell Hart’s theory of the principles of war is chosen for this analysis. Using a case study method, the Battle of Baltim in the Yom Kippur War and the sinking of the ARA General Belgrano in the battle of the Falklands Islands are analysed against the theory. Although Liddell Hart’s theory was developed by analysing land warfare, the principles of war are regarded as universal and generally applicable and therefore may be used for analysing maritime warfare. The result of the analysis shows that Liddell Hart’s principles of war can explain the outcome of modern maritime warfare. The principlessecurity, mobility, concentration and surprise are observed in both cases to varying degrees and they are significant in explaining the outcome of the event. Even though Liddell Hart’s theory can explain the outcome, it is shown that the principle of mobility rarely will be fully achieved in submarine operations because of the lack of self-defence systems against enemy weapons.

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Versatti, Priscilla Carla. "Guerra fiscal: aspectos principiológicos afetos à competitividade do ICMS no sistema Constitucional Tributário Brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18775.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-02T16:11:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Carla Versatti.pdf: 1033685 bytes, checksum: 7e3ad3cdca5600ea1e0c5bfb881a5a27 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T16:11:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Carla Versatti.pdf: 1033685 bytes, checksum: 7e3ad3cdca5600ea1e0c5bfb881a5a27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of the principles laid down in our Constitution, guiding the legislative activity of positive law, under the regulatory provisions of competence of the States to grant tax benefits unilaterally causing serious distortions in the tax constitutional system. When confronted with this scenario, already well explored by distinguished jurists and scholars, breaks for a principled perspective, which triggered the tax competitiveness of several prisms both harmful, namely, the current Tax War, as the desirable tax competition It enables compliance in a single regulatory system in aliquots of levels with low margin for negotiations between States and taxpayers. As main theme, identifies the constitutional principles violated due to the tax war between the United States, as well as the impact of these to develop a layout that enables media able to mitigate the harmful effects to society, safeguarding the improvements it originated. To do so, the paper examines the first chapters the constitutional foundations that guide the current regulatory system, also deals with all the historical developments in the ICMS regulation needed to understand and update the theme fiscal war. Subsequently, the tax competitiveness affection principles are addressed. It also demonstrates the tax competitiveness and Tax War by principles approach in order to take its proper application in compliance with the constitutional system. The last part is dedicated to the concluding summary of this research, in which it appears that despite many legislative attempts to succumb to predatory competition only with the appropriate application of constitutional principles one can achieve the desired harmony in the tax constitutional system O propósito da presente pesquisa é analisar a aplicação dos princípios previstos em nossa Constituição Federal, norteadores da atividade legislativa do direito positivo, no âmbito das normas infralegais de competência dos Estados que concedem benefícios fiscais unilateralmente acarretando sérias distorções no sistema constitucional tributário. Ao deparar com esse cenário, já muito bem explorado por ilustres juristas e doutrinadores, parte-se para uma perspectiva principiológica, sendo deflagrada a competitividade tributária por diversos prismas tanto o prejudicial, qual seja, a atual Guerra Fiscal, como a competição fiscal desejável que possibilita a conformidade num mesmo sistema normativo em patamares de alíquotas com baixa margem para negociações entre Estados e contribuintes. Como eixo temático, identificam-se os princípios constitucionais violados decorrente da Guerra Fiscal entre os Estados-membros, bem como a repercussão destes para desenvolver uma esquematização que possibilite meios capazes de mitigar os efeitos danosos à sociedade, resguardando as benfeitorias dela oriundas. Para tanto, o trabalho examina nos primeiros capítulos os fundamentos constitucionais que pautam o sistema normativo vigente, também trata de toda a evolução histórica na normatização do ICMS necessária à compreensão e atualização do tema guerra fiscal. Posteriormente, são abordados os princípios afetos à competitividade tributária. Demonstra, ainda, a competitividade tributária e a Guerra Fiscal pelo enfoque principiológico com vista a empreender sua adequada aplicação em observância ao sistema constitucional. A última parte é dedicada à síntese conclusiva da presente pesquisa, em que se depreende que, a despeito das tentativas legislativas para sucumbir a competitividade predatória, somente com a apropriada aplicação dos preceitos constitucionais se pode atingir a harmonia almejada no sistema constitucional tributário

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Hägglund, Lisa. "Artilleritaktik : En kvantitativ studie om Archerns taktiska möjligheter i urban miljö." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9329.

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Technology evolves quickly in the armed forces, however the quick progression and development in warfare is hindered when the war studies and tactics fall behind. This is apparent when examining the Swedish artillery system Archer. Even if “Archer” has the capability to shoot and use a high course trajectory, the tactics still focus on the traditional low course trajectory. A quantative study based on the principles of war (fire, movement and protection), examines if the high or low course trajectories are the most effective in an urban environment. Both the low and the high course trajectory has their own advantages however, in this study, the high course trajectory proves to be the most effective. This entails that the artillery tactics regarding the Archer needs to be examined and developed to match the technological advances.

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Allerman, Erik. "Krigföringens grundprinciper i nutida marina insatser." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-17.

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Uppsatsen tar sitt avstamp i ämnet krigsvetenskap och den förändring av försvarsmaktens verksamhet som de kombinerade uppgifterna, insatsförsvar och fredsbevarande insatser har skapat. Den del av krigsvetenskapen som uppsatsen riktas mot är krigföringens grundprinciper och tillämpningen av densamma inom de nya ramar som försvarsmakten agerar inom.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida en skillnad mellan teori och praktik har uppstått gällande krigföringens grundprinciper. Genom att avgränsa området till taktisk och operativ nivå, de grundprinciper som finns i den svenska marina doktrinen och det svenska ytstridsvapnet, görs en problemformulering och uppsatsens frågeställning definieras till: Vilka skillnader kan utrönas mellan den teoretiska innebörden av krigföringens grundprinciper och den tolkning av dessa som görs inom dagens svenska ytstridsvapen?En kvalitativ metod, där litteraturstudier och intervjuer används som forskningstekniker, fastställs som lämplig metod för uppsatsen. Därefter diskuteras validitet och generaliserbarhet samt källorna ur en kritisk synvinkel. Följande kapitel förklarar den teori som krigföringens grundprinciper innefattar. Grundprinciperna; sätt upp ett mål och håll fast vid det, god anda, offensivt handlande, säkerhet, överraskning, samordning, kraftsamling, stridsekonomi, taktikanpassning och lämplig organisation avhandlas separat för att skapa den teoretiska grunden. Därefter exemplifieras grundprinciperna och den insamlade empirin sammanställs. Slutligen diskuteras uppkommen problematik för varje princip. Till sist sammanställs de slutsatser som komparationen mellan teori och empiri har lett till. Fem av tio grundprinciper visade sig ha en skillnad mellan teori och praktik på olika vis. Slutligen föreslås vidare studier på ämnet som helhet och på de särskiljande fem i synnerhet. This essay starts out in the problems that have risen involving military science and modern warfare. The principles of war were selected as the topic of research and through a discussion the thesis question was set out to be:Which differences can be found between the theoretical explanations of the principles of war and the application that is made within the Swedish surface warfare system today? Limitations were set to be the Swedish surface warfare system, peacekeeping operations, and the operational and tactical levels of warfare. Since academics argue which the “real” principles of war are, this essay defined them as the ones found in the Swedish Maritime Operational Doctrine. These principles are: define an objective and stand true to it, good morale, offensive action, security, surprise, organization, concentration of forces, economy of force, tactical adaptation and organisation.Through a qualitative method, including the techniques interviews and literature studies, the essay formed a basis for theory and empirics. A critical discussion concerning sources, as well as the terms validity and generalisability, concluded the method chapter. The theory chapter presented the theoretical picture of the selected principles from the selected literature. Following chapter provided a historical example and the modern views of each principle.Through a discussion, five of the ten principles were accepted as applicable today. The other five, define an objective and stand true to it, offensive action, concentration of force, surprise, and security were determined to differ, each in its own way, from theory. Hence, a further study upon the subject was suggested to investigate the same topic on alternate arena as well as a closer look upon the four differing principles.

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Timmersjö, Olof. "En studie av slaget vid Verdun och de taktiska grundprinciperna : Är Doktrin för markoperationer applicerbar på utnötningskrig?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1614.

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This essay is about the tactical basic principles as they are mentioned in the Swedish Doctrine for land based operations (2005) and the German side during the battle of Verdun 1916. The purpose of this essay is to clarify whether the used doctrine is appropriate to use on future attrition battles. This is done by a case study of the German side during the battle ofVerdun. In this case study indicators of the basic principles are then identified and analysed with the starting point at the two questions that the essay is based around. The essay starts with an introduction where above is attended, in the second part the basic principles, the background to the battle and the battle itself is described. Finally the tactical basic principles are analysed and discussed based on the questions that the essay is based on. In the analysis and the discussion the conclusion is drawn that the tactical basic principles were present on the German side during the battle of Verdun and that they are of a general character and may be applied on both attrition warfare of 1916 and modern battles of attrition. Denna uppsats avhandlar de taktiska grundprinciperna som de står angivna i Doktrin för markoperationer (2005) och tysk sida under slaget vid Verdun 1916. Syftet med detta är att utröna om doktrinen gällande de taktiska grundprinciperna är generell nog för att tillämpa på ett framtida utnötningsslag. Detta har utförts genom en fallstudie av den tyska sidan under slaget vid Verdun. I denna fallstudie har sedan indikatorer på de taktiska grundprinciperna identifierats, analyserats och diskuterats utifrån de två frågor arbetet utgår ifrån. Arbetet är indelat i en inledning där ovanstående behandlas, en avhandling där de taktiska grundprinciperna och slaget beskrivs. Därefter analyseras slaget utifrån grundprinciperna och slutligen besvaras och diskuteras frågorna. I analysen framgår det att alla de taktiska grundprinciperna som de anges i Doktrin för markoperationer förekom på tysk sida under slaget vid Verdun. Dessa är generella och är aktuella både idag och 1916.

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Cagner, Per, and Patrik Liljegard. "Tid för förändring av krigföringens principer : Vilka principer kan, ur en svensk kontext, behöva förändras för att möta en modern konflikt?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39794.

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SAMMANFATTNING Tid för förändring av krigföringens principer. Världen är i en konstant förändring, allianser bildas och överenskommelser tecknas. Detta har drivit omvärldsutvecklingen och globaliseringen till där vi är idag och där det militära maktmedlet används i syfte att uppnå politiska och religiösa målsättningar. Precis som världen har utvecklats så har även de militära styrkorna och vapensystem utvecklats. Att bli segrare i nästa konflikt är en innovationskraft som har drivit utvecklingen av den militära förmågan framåt runt om i världen. Krigen och konflikterna har fungerat som en testanläggning där vapensystem och den militära personalen prövas i strid. Erfarenheter från krigen har dragits och sedan implementerats i syfte att bli ännu starkare och militärt överlägsen. Krigföringens principer, även kallade de militära grundprinciperna, är ett antal olika principer vilka syftar till att ge en vägledning i planering och genomförandet av militära operationer. Dessa principer togs fram och utvecklades under mitten av 1800-talet av militärteoretikerna Carl von Clausewitz och Antoine-Henri Jomini. Båda dessa militärteoretiker hade framgångar på slagfältet vilket gjorde att de fick genomslag för sina teorier. Dessa teorier har sedan, genom utbildning, applicerats på officerskårer världen över och på så sätt ”cementerats” fast och blivit en basplatta i militärteorin. Dagens militärteoretiker, framförallt med en amerikansk anknytning, menar på att grundprinciperna är föråldrade på dagens slagfält. Principerna skrevs för att vinna ett lokalt slag på en begränsad plats, inte för att vinna ett krig som påverkar ett helt samhälle under en lång tid. Med en accelererande teknikutveckling och globalisering så har vissa av dessa grundprinciper blivit föråldrade och bör således omformuleras för att vara relevanta i en modern konflikt. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om krigföringens principer, ur en svensk kontext, behöver förändras för att på ett mer adekvat sätt kunna möta en modern konflikt. Detta görs genom att undersöka utvalda amerikanska militärteoretikers teorier gällande vilka grundprinciper som är inaktuella och därmed behöver ersättas eller omformuleras. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys undersöks sedan om dessa nya grundprinciper kan återfinnas i skrivningar i Försvarsmaktens doktriner vilket kan utgöra stöd för att dessa principer kan implementeras i en svensk kontext. Analysen och resultatet av denna studie påvisar att det finns grundprinciper vilka, ur en svensk kontext, är i behov av revidering för att på ett mer adekvat sätt vara applicerbara i en framtida konflikt. Vidare påvisar resultatet att dessa principer tydligt återfinns i skrivningar i Försvarsmaktens doktriner. Dessutom har teknikutvecklingen spelat en stor roll i vidareutvecklingen av grundprinciperna, då den kan fungera som ett stöd och komplement till grundprinciperna. Således bör de militära grundprinciperna omformuleras alternativt revideras i svenska doktriner syftande till att göra det möjligt för Sverige att stå som vinnare i nästa konflikt. Nyckelord: Försvarsmakten, Krigföringens principer, teknisk utveckling, Militärstrategisk doktrin, Precision, Förskjutning, Överraskning, Modern krigsföring, Hybridkrigsföring. ABSTRACT Time to change the principles of war. The world is under constant change, alliances and agreements are made. This has pushed the development and globalization to where we stand today, and the military force is used to achieve political and religious objectives. The armed military forces and weapon systems have been refined, just like the world has. The strive to win the next armed conflict has been an innovation force, pushing the augmentation of armed forces around the world. The wars and conflicts have served as test facilities, were weapon systems and personnel have been proven on the battlefield. Experiences from the battlefield have been implemented, with the purpose to achieve more military superiority. The principles of war are principles that are meant to give guidance in the planning and implementation of military operations. These principles were created during the mid-19th century by the two military theorists Carl Von Clausewitz and Antoine-Henri Jomini. Both these military theorists had successful careers on the battlefield, contributing to the impact of their theories. These theories have been implemented in the education of officers worldwide, thereby forming a foundation in military theory. Modern military theorists, especially from the US, states that the principles of war are outdated on the modern battlefield. The principles were written to win a battle in a constrained area, not for winning an entire war, affecting a whole society during a long period of time. With accelerating development of technology and globalization, some of the principles of war are outdated and should be rewritten or replaced to be relevant in a modern conflict. The aim of this thesis is to examine if the principles of war, in a Swedish context, needs to be altered in order to confront a modern conflict more aptly. This is conducted through an examination of selected American military theorists’ theories in terms of which of the principles that are obsolete and in need of replacement or rephrasing. Swedish doctrines are then to be examined through qualitative content analysis in order to find wordings that can support the ability of these new principles of war to be implemented in a Swedish context. The analysis and result of this thesis demonstrates that there are principles of war that needs reformulation to be applicable on the battlefield of the future. Furthermore, the result demonstrates that these principles clearly are found in the Swedish doctrines writings. Also, the advancing technology has been a significant contributor in the development of the new principles of war, as a complement and support. The principles of war must be rewritten or changed in Swedish doctrines in order to enable Sweden to become the winner in the next modern conflict. Keywords: Swedish armed forces, Principles of war, Technology development, Military Strategic Doctrine, Precision, Dislocate, Surprise, Modern Warfare, Hybrid Warfare.

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Lilja, Väinö. "Slaget vid Suomussalmi : Om hur den finska sidan använde manövertänkande, taktiska grundprinciper och förmågor." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-62.

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Finlands kamp mot det mycket större Sovjetunionen under vinterkriget skildras i denna uppsats i form av en fallstudie av slaget i Suomussalmi. Det görs även en beskrivning av de militärteorier som är centrala för analysen i uppsatsen.Finlands sätt att strida och nyttja taktiken under detta slag är tillämpbart för att studera militärteorier som Försvarsmakten idag använder i sina doktriner för markarenan. Teorierna som slaget analyseras kring rör manövertänkande, krigföringsförmågan och de taktiska grundprinciperna.Uppsatsen undersöker i vilken omfattning den finska sidan använde sig av manövertänkande och vilka förmågor som spelade en avgörande roll i slaget. Även sambandet mellan manövertänkande och de taktiska grundprinciperna undersöks.Slutsatserna visar att rörligheten var den förmåga som spelade störst roll för den finska sidans framgångar. Det framkommer också att många finska chefer använde sig av manövertänkande. Slutsatserna visar även hur manövertänkande på ett positivt sätt påverkar chefens möjligheter att använda sig av de taktiska grundprinciperna. Finland’s struggle against the much larger Soviet union during the Winter War is in this essay described as a case study of the Battle of Suomussalmi. Furthermore, descriptions of the theories of warfare that is essential for the final analysis of the essay.The Finnish tactics during this battle are applicable for studies of the warfare theories that the Swedish Armed Forces use in their doctrines for ground combat. The theories that the battle is used for studying are those of maneuver thinking, warfare abilities, and the basic tactical principles.The essay discusses to what extent the Finnish commanders used maneuver thinking and what warfare abilities played the essential role for the outcome of the battle. Moreover, the relation between maneuver thinking and the basic tactical principles is resolved.The conclusions show that mobility was the ability that played the most significant part for the Finnish Army’s success. They also show that many Finnish commanders used maneuver thinking, and how maneuver thinking adds to the commander’s possibilities to use the basic tactical principles.

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Steén, Linus. "Principen om marin överraskning i princip." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7581.

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The principle of war, surprise, has long been criticized for being imprecise and in need of interpretation. Some believe it is because of this ambiguity that the principle has survived in military doctrine. The purpose of the study is thereby to empirically test the principle of surprise to investigate its validity in modern naval warfare. Due to the lack of precision in doctrine, the surprise has been interpreted into an analytical instrument based on the compiled thoughts written by theoreticians; Sun Zi, Carl Von Clausewitz, Raoul Castex and Milan Vego. The analytical instrument aims to identify whether criteria for surprise are represented or not in a context of successful surprise. This was achieved through a two-case study based on a qualitative text analysis of the methods used by the Sea Tigers of Sri Lanka and the attack on ARA General Belgrano during the Falklands War. The study shows that all the criteria were met in some way in both cases and that the military principal surprise is valid as a principle of war in modern naval warfare. Further research is recommended to investigate more cases and not to limit the research to a tactical level.

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Barjandi, Behnaz. "Asyl vs. Exklusion - En undersökning av förhållandet mellan rätten till asyl och exklusion samt hur verkställighetshinder och non-refoulementprincipen förhindrar utvisning vid avslag på ansökan om asyl." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-132361.

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20

Wegener, Laura Kay. "War, Peace, and Principled Action: A Study of Veterans and the Peace Movement." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/392.

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Throughout the history of the United States (U.S.), there have been service members who, upon leaving the service, have spoken out against U.S. involvement in wars. The current conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and their increasing unpopularity, have contributed to this trend. Recently veterans have begun to come forward in larger numbers to speak out against the current wars and have self-identified as members of peace movements. The purpose of this research project was to explore veterans' understandings of the peace movement and their involvement in veterans' peace movement organizations. This study hoped to answer the following questions: 1) How does a veteran understand the current peace movement? 2) Which, if any, parts of the current peace movement does a veteran find to be in line with his or her own values? 3) What do veterans feel it means to be a veteran for peace? 4) How do veterans come to identify with the current peace movement? 5) How do veterans take a stand against the current peace movement? 6) What do veterans feel is gained by involvement in the peace movement? The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, and 27 interviews were conducted either face-to-face or over the phone with U.S. veterans from across the country, who have served since the Vietnam War. Veterans who were no longer serving in an active duty capacity were selected via a snowball sample of the researcher's circle of military colleagues and friends around the U.S. The identity of "veteran in the peace movement" is a complicated one, and the result of a long, complex, series of lived experiences. This study let participants describe the process of identity acquisition, or rejection in their own words in order to create a realistic and honest narrative about the emotional and mental processes, and life events that trigger or influence these, that influenced identification or not with a veterans' peace movement organization.

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Kramer, Eli Orner. "The Principles of Philosophical Community." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1552.

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There are three central orientations, or modes, forming a “tripod” as it were, that grounds philosophy as a cultural activity. The two commonly known modes are, first philosophical geniuses who make models of reality in their “solitary burrows” (such as a Kant and Peirce); and, second, philosophical wanderers who have an embodied praxis, performing wisdom wherever they travel (such as Diogenes of Sinope and Takuan Soho). There is however another primary and largely neglected mode of philosophy which is mutually reinforced ethical praxis rooting in a shared cosmopolitan place. In this dissertation, I characterize and defend the neglected mode of philosophy, that I call “philosophical community,” by describing the constellation of metaethical principles — general, axiological, cultural, and dialectical — that articulate and promote its values. My philosophical methodology is radically empirical philosophy of culture. The principles will be drawn from an interpretation of the whole of philosophical communal experience, considered diachronically, or globally and historically. These principles are then organized as a synchronic (present focused) coordinate whole. By “principle,” at the very least, I mean a hypothetical ground presupposed in successful inquiry. I take “community” in the broad, Roycean spirit of those relationships that build an increasing determinacy of meaning in the universe, (i.e. a community of interpretation). A philosophical community, then, is not reducible to a collection of people but can be thought of as made of a special kind of community of interpretation, as it shares some sort of place. Taken together, this constellation of principles can help us refine for ourselves a vision of the best of philosophical community life, which should also help us frame a new “brocard” for this mode of philosophy in the twenty-first century.

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Ribeiro, Tiago Emanuel Moreira. "Financiamento das principais guerras do ocidente no século XX : uma análise exploratória." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11899.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais O século XX foi um século marcado fortemente pela guerra e destruição numa escala nunca anteriormente vista. Neste contexto é importante estudar não só as consequências óbvias como as perdas humanas e destruição material, mas também as consequências menos óbvias como as diversas formas como as guerras foram financiadas. Nesta análise, verifiquei de que forma Portugal, EUA, Reino Unido e Alemanha financiaram os seus esforços de guerra e quais as consequências que isso teve nas respectivas economias nos anos seguintes às guerras. O foco deste estudo centrou-se na 1ª e a 2ª Guerras Mundiais, estendendo-se às actividades comerciais de Portugal durante a 2ªGM e às intervenções dos EUA na Guerra da Coreia e na Guerra do Vietname. Conclui-se neste estudo que independentemente do tipo de financiamento escolhido, estas guerras causaram uma degradação severa das condições de vida dos habitantes países envolvidos, seja pelo aumento dos impostos ou pela inflação causada. O estudo sugere ainda que em tempo de guerra os governos optam preponderantemente pelo endividamento e inflação monetária em detrimento do aumento dos impostos. The 20th century was strongly affected by war and destruction in a scale unknown until then. Therefore, it is important to study not only the obvious consequences like the human losses, but also the not so obvious consequences like the different ways the wars were financed. In this analysis, I studied in which way Portugal, USA, United Kingdom and Germany financed their war efforts and what were the economic consequences in the years after the wars ended. The focus of this study was centered in the 1st and 2nd World Wars and to the commercial activities of Portugal during the 2nd World War and to the USA's military interventions in the Korean and Vietnam wars. This study concludes that regardless of the type of war financing chosen, this wars caused a severe degradation of the conditions of the population in the belligerent countries, either by the raising of taxes or by inflation. The study suggests that in war times, governments primarily choose debt and monetary inflation instead of rises in taxes to finance the war efforts.

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Usherwood, Robbyn Michelle. "World War I and the Principle of National Self-Determination: A Closer Look at Kurdistan." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07202005-162244/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005. Title from title screen. Jeremy Crampton, committee chair; Christine Skwiot, Dona Stewart, committee members. Electronic text (116 p. : ill., maps (some col.)). Description based on contents viewed Apr. 27, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116).

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Fishman, Christine A. "Making Way for Equity: Elementary Principals' Interpretations of Equity." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1269042026.

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Rocque, Ryan K. "The Unique Skills and Traits of One-Way and Two-Way Dual Immersion Principals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4372.

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The principal is an important key to school success and student achievement (Anderson & Togneri, 2003; Met & Lorenz, 1997). Considering the role of principals of dual immersion schools, few studies have considered factors leading to their success (Nicholson, Harris-Johhn, & Schimmel, 2005; Simmons et al., 2007). With current advancements in skill mapping and meta-analyses, the understanding of skill and trait theory has improved, greatly enhancing the researcher's ability to effectively identify a leader's skills and traits (Derue, Nahrgang, Wellman, & Humphrey, 2011; Marzano, Waters, & McNulty, 2005; Scouller, 2011; Zaccaro, 2007). A clearer understanding of the skills and traits dual immersion principals need would help other dual immersion principals and the districts and states that train these principals (Waters, Marzano, & McNulty, 2003). Through a set of interviews and surveys, the researcher explored themes and patterns based on principals' opinions of the skills and traits they use. The researcher compared one-way dual immersion schools with two-way dual immersion schools in an effort to distinguish how principals' opinions vary between these two contrasting immersion paradigms. An analysis of principal responses from the surveys and interviews revealed that a number of traits and skills identified in previous research are also important for dual immersion principals. In addition, the research found a number of new skills and traits unique to the dual immersion context. This research also found that many skills and traits of dual immersion principals varied between the contexts of one-way and two-way. These findings indicate an important shift in our understanding of the role of principal and the ways that dual immersion principals are trained.

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Swenson, Edward. "Cosmologic principles of Moche-highland interactions during the Middle Horizon period in Jequetepeque." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113568.

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In this chapter, I argue that developments characterizing the Late Moche Period in the Jequetepeque Valley, including both the adoption of highland artistic styles at San José de Moro and Huaca Colorada, as well as the proliferation of Moche religious architecture throughout the hinterland, were significantly influenced by interactions with highland societies, including Wari and Cajamarca. I support this thesis by examining the reconfiguration of the chicha-based political economy and the intensification of competitive feasting in the region that accompanied the ascendancy of the priestess cult in Jequetepeque. I also contend that a specific cosmological framework of coastal-highland opposition and gendered complementarity, evident at the time of the conquest, appears to have taken root in the Middle Horizon. In other words, culturally constructed and religiously mediated notions of geography, alterity, and interdependence can partly explain the tenor of Moche-highland relations and the subtle transformations of Moche ritual practices and political relations. The data suggests that the priestess cult may have been patronized by sierra polities, even if indirectly, for it conformed to emerging geo-cosmological and gendered understandings of coastal-highland dependencies. En este capítulo, argumento que los desarrollos que caracterizan el Periodo Moche Tardío en el valle de Jequetepeque, incluyendo tanto la adopción de estilos artísticos serranos en San José de Moro, así como la proliferación de arquitectura religiosa moche a través del territorio, estuvieron significativamente influenciados por las interacciones con las sociedades serranas, incluyendo Wari y Cajamarca. Sostengo esta tesis examinado la reconfiguración de la economía política basada en la chicha y la intensificación de los festines competitivos en la región que acompañaron la ascensión del culto de la Sacerdotisa en Jequetepeque. También sostengo que un marco cosmológico específico, de oposición costa-sierra, basado en la complementariedad de los sexos masculino y femenino, evidente al momento de la conquista, aparenta haberse enraizado durante el Horizonte Medio. En otras palabras, nociones culturalmente construidas y mediadas de geografía, alteridad, e interdependencia, pueden explicar parcialmente el tenor de las relaciones moche-sierra y las sutiles transformaciones de las prácticas rituales y relaciones políticas moche. Los datos sugieren que el culto de la Sacerdotisa puede haber estado promovido por las organizaciones políticas de la sierra, incluso indirectamente, porque se conformaba a comprensiones geocosmológicas emergentes de las dependencias costa-sierra.

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Heggarty, Paul, and David Beresford-Jones. "Archaeology, Language, and the Andean Past: Principles, Methods, and the New "State of the Art"." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113428.

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This book emerges from the conference Lenguas y sociedades en el antiguo Perú: hacia un enfoque interdisciplinario, a gathering of linguists, archaeologists and anthropologists at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú in August 2009. This chapter sets out first the raison d’être of our enterprise: why it seemed so important to foster a meeting of minds between these disciplines, to converge their disparate but complementary perspectives into a more coherent Andean prehistory.Next, it is asked how linguistics can inform us about prehistory at all, exploring some general methodological principles and how they might be applied specifically in the case of the Andes. The ‘traditional model’ for associating the linguistic and archaeological records in the Andes is then reviewed — but pointing also to various inherent infelicities, which duly call for a far-reaching, interdisciplinary reconsideration of the Andean past.Therefore we attempt to sum up the new state of the cross-disciplinary art in Andean prehistory, as collectively represented by the papers that emerged both from the Lima conference and from the symposium that preceded it, held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge in September 2008. Progress and new perspectives are explored first on key individual questions. Who, for instance, were the Incas, and whence and when did they come to Cuzco? How and when did Quechua, too, reach Cuzco, as well as its furthest-flung outposts in north-west Argentina, Ecuador and northern Peru?Finally, the scope is broadened to overall scenarios for how the main Andean language families might correlate in time and space with the archaeological horizons that in principle might best account for their dispersals. Four basic hypotheses have emerged, whose respective strengths and weaknesses are assessed in turn: a traditional ‘Wari as Aymara’ model, revised and defended; alternative proposals of ‘Wari as both Aymara and Quechua’, a suggestion of ‘both Chavin and Wari as Quechua’; and the most radical new departure, ‘Wari as Quechua, Chavin as Aymara’. El presente volumen resulta del simposio "Lenguas y sociedades en el antiguo Perú: hacia un enfoque interdisciplinario", una reunión de lingüistas, arqueólogos y antropólogos realizada en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en agosto de 2009. La presente contribución expone primero la razón de ser de nuestra iniciativa: el por qué nos parecía tan importante promover un encuentro entre estas disciplinas, con el objeto de hacer converger sus perspectivas dispares —pero, por lo tanto, complementarias— para avanzar hacia una prehistoria andina más coherente.Seguidamente, preguntamos cómo es que la lingüística está en condiciones de proveernos datos sobre la prehistoria. Primero examinamos algunos principios metodológicos generales a tal fin, antes de examinar como estos se dejan aplicar mejor en el caso específico de los Andes. A continuación, pasamos revista al modelo tradicional de las supuestas asociaciones entre los registros lingüísticos y arqueológicos en la región, señalando al paso varios desaciertos inherentes, los mismos que claman por una reconsideración profunda e interdisciplinaria del pasado andino.Por lo tanto, este artículo prosigue con el propósito de resumir el nuevo estado interdisciplinario de la cuestión de la prehistoria andina, tal como lo representan los artículos que resultaron tanto del encuentro de Lima como del simposio que le precedió, llevado a cabo en el McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research de la University of Cambridge en septiembre de 2008. Se analizan, en primer lugar, los avances y nuevas perspectivas sobre algunos temas específicos, entre ellos: ¿quiénes fueron los incas, de donde procedían y cuando llegaron al Cuzco?, ¿cómo y cuándo alcanzó el quechua el Cuzco, así como sus más alejados puestos de avanzada en el noroeste de Argentina, Ecuador y el norte del Perú?Por último, ampliamos nuestro alcance a escenarios generales que buscan correlacionar, en el tiempo y el espacio, las principales familias lingüísticas de los Andes con los horizontes arqueológicos que, en principio, mejor podrían explicar sus dispersiones. Han surgido cuatro hipótesis básicas, cuyos respectivos puntos fuertes y débiles pasamos a evaluar: el modelo tradicional, ahora revisado y defendido, de "Wari como aimara"; y propuestas alternativas de Wari como aimara y quechua a la vez", "Chavín y Wari como quechua", y —más radical aún respecto al modelo tradicional— "Wari como quechua, Chavín como aimara".

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Delmas, Candice. "Liberalism and the Worst-Result Principle: Preventing Tyranny, Protecting Civil Liberty." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07272006-153910/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006. Title from title screen. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Christie Hartley, Peter Lindsay, committee members. Electronic text (88 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 2, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-88).

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29

Wetterberg, Niclas. "Logistikprincipers användning vid militär planering : en studie av Falklandkriget 1982 och Gulfkriget 1991 utifrån fem principer för logistik." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1215.

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Att använda erfarenheter, i form av principer, vid militär planering är inget nytt fenomen. SedanNapoleontiden har det vuxit fram riktlinjer för militär planering och genomförande i form avKrigföringens grundprinciper och principer för att skapa en framgångsrik logistik. Exempel påprinciper och hur de ska tolkas finns i de flesta av världens försvarsmakters doktriner.Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge exempel på hur principer för logistik kan användas för att reflekteraöver de logistiska utmaningar, som en befälhavare eller stabsofficer ställs inför vid en militärplanering.Som empiri, för att värdera principerna mot, har Falklandkriget 1982 och Gulfkriget 1991, med ettbrittiskt/amerikansk perspektiv använts. De är båda konventionella krig med ett tydligt militärtslutmål, men har väldigt olika förutsättningar för logistiken i både en tid-, rum- ochstyrkejämförelse.Uppsatsen använder abduktion som metod. Fem principer för logistik bildar hypoteser förframgång som ställs mot empirin, i form av de två krigen. Krigen ställs mot varandra, medprinciperna som analysverktyg, och komparationens likheter och skillnader gör det möjligt attvärdera och dra slutsatser av principernas innebörd.Resultatet visar att principerna har ett värde och analysen ger vid handen ett flertal slutsatser somkan användas vid militär planering. Principerna ska inte ses som ett krav som måste uppnås för attnå framgång, utan som stöd och riktlinjer för att ta tillvara beprövad erfarenhet. Using experience, in the form of principles, in military planning is not a new phenomenon. SinceNapoleon there has been development of guidelines for military planning and execution in theform of Principles of War and principles for creating successful logistics. Examples of principlescan be found in most of the world’s defense forces’ doctrines.The overall aim of the thesis is to give examples of how to use principles for logistics to reflecton the logistic challenges you face, as a commander or a staff officer, in military planning.The empirical material used to test the principles against are the Falkland War and the Gulf War,from a British/American perspective. They are both conventional wars with a clear military endstate, but differ a lot in the logistic requirements, both in a time-, space- and forces comparison.The thesis uses the method of abduction. Five principles of logistics make five hypotheses forsuccess that are contrasted with the empirical evidence, in the form of the two wars. The wars arecompared to each other, with the principles as analytic tools, and the similarity and thedifferences in the comparison make it possible to draw conclusions about the principles’ content.The result shows that the principles have value and the analysis gives a number of conclusionsthat can be used in military planning. The principles should not be seen as requirements forsuccess, but rather as a support of, and as guidelines for your planning in order to make use ofprevious experience. Avdelning: ALB – Slutet Mag. 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 07-09

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Jacquet, Benoit. "Principles of monumentality in Tange Kenzo's way of thinking : study of the architectural discourse in early works." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144002.

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Meyer, Matthew John 1948. "Transitional wars : a study of power, control and conflict in executive succession : theatre as representation." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35013.

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The study of promotion or executive succession has been of interest to educators since the beginning of schools. Who should be a school's principal? The purpose of this study was twofold. First to investigate executive succession within large, urban Canadian schools boards, and second, to use a dramatic work---a play---to represent the major findings. Theatre is used to present society and its workings, it is a method of data representation that permits human emotion, care, conflict and tension to become palpable, to provoke an audience. The two purposes of this study merged to provide insight unto the "reality" of school principals' promotions from the perspective of practitioners. Data on promotion was collected from thirteen seasoned school administrators through extended interviews. Respondents were encouraged to relate stories of individual promotions, as they understood them. The data was transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparison approach. This method yielded multiple levels of analysis including areas of reference, spheres of infra-influcnce (highly related concepts), and rules of inclusion (subsuming large amounts of data). It was clear that promotion was a "political act" where several stakeholders fought for their interests. Then followed transcendence---the movement from the naturalistically collected and analyzed data to the play---the movement from science to art form. The rules of inclusion inspired the foundations of the novella, the novella led to the play; characters, scenes and actions were developed. A group of actors rehearsed and prepared a staged reading. Tim play was presented to a group of educators who were asked to respond to it at two levels---the work as a provocation device for preparing educational administrators and the work as the "reality" of promotion. Clearly, the theatrical work stimulated the audience and indicated there is a valid place in administrator preparation programs for dramatic works. As well, the notion of promotion as "seeking the best possible candidate" was challenged as stakeholders' Interests dictated both promotion procedures and candidate succession. The title, Transitional Wars, seemed to capture the essence of the work.

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Bryngelsson, Maria. "Relations between the performance of a coated cutting tool and the composition and properties of the wear resistant coating : A study including first principles modeling, mechanical properties and technological testing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207566.

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This thesis work was performed at AB Sandvik Coromant and aimed to enhance the knowledge about the relationships between the performance of TiN and TiAlN-coated cutting tools in metal turning and their mechanical and chemical properties. Measurements of coating material properties and turning wear tests in annealed tool steel Sverker 21, stainless steel 316L, grey cast iron V314 and nodular cast iron SS0727 were performed. The cutting temperatures were estimated from FEM-simulations. To find the dominant wear mechanism and identify the properties that are most important for the resistance against that particular wear, a correlation analysis was performed together with a wear study using LOM, SEM and EDS. The results show that relations between cutting performance and mechanical properties and/or composition of the coatings can be established. The FEM-simulations suggested that the peak tool temperature was highest, ~750°C, for turning in 316L and lowest for turning in Sverker 21, ~300°C. Turning in cast iron resulted in temperatures around 500-550°C. A mechanism for the growth of the crater on inserts tested in stainless steel 316L is proposed. Wear due to thermo-mechanical load and adhesion are believed to be the dominating wear mechanisms. The performance of the tool showed a high correlation to the composition of the coatings, with a decreased tool life for higher Al-contents. The reason for this might lie in an increased brittleness of these coatings, accelerating formation of lateral cracks above the crater. Calculated ratios of bulk and shear modulus suggests an increased brittleness for higher Al-contents. A higher tendency to stick to the work piece material might also contribute to a decrease in tool life. An Increased Al-content could also drive the formation of c-AlN to h-AlN, causing even higher wear rates. The coatings with higher substrate bias showed an enhanced performance, even though the crack pattern was worsened for these variants. The reason for the enhanced performance seen for these variants might instead originate in an enhanced adhesion to the substrate. In the flank wear resistance test in Sverker 21 the Al-content proved to be important, with an improved performance for higher Al-contents. In contrast to the test in 316L, a change in bias or hardness had no effect on the performance in this test. Scratch patterns on the flank supports that an abrasive wear mechanism is present, but no correlation between hardness and tool life could be obtained. Either some other material property than hardness is of importance for the abrasive resistance in this test, or another wear mechanism, occurring simultaneously with abrasion, is the wear rate deciding. The second part of this thesis work was to evaluate the ability of a quantum mechanical computational method, density functional theory, to predict material properties. The method predicts the lattice parameters and bulk moduli in excellent agreement with experimental values. The method also well predicts other elastic properties, with results consistent with reference values. There seems to be a constant shift of about 50-100 GPa between the calculated elastic modulus and the experimentally measured values, probably originating in contributions from grain boundaries, texture, stresses and defects present in the real coatings, and possibly also in errors in the experimental method due to an influence from the substrate. The calculated hardness values did not follow the trend of an increased hardness for TiAlN compared to TiN, which is seen in experiments.

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Samples, Stician Marin. "A way of embodying peace: approaching the internal preparation of peaceworkers through the principles and practices of contemplative martial arts /." Click here to view full text, 2007.

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Hall, Andrew Thomas. "“The Principle Object of Their Affections:” The Changing Nature of Borders and Boundaries in the Lake Erie World, 1794-1825." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1434539798.

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Thellman, Saga. "Does Gender Influence the Way People Provide and Receive Politeness? : A Research Study on the Differences or Similarities Between Gender and Linguistic Politeness." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36471.

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This essay examines the relation between gender and adherence to Brown and Levinson's Politeness Principle. Women and men tend to use language for different purposes and for the purpose of achieving various goals. In order to examine this relation, a research study was conducted. Two women and three men were observed discussing subjects given by an interviewer. The collected interview data gathered from the conversation was analyzed and related to the Politeness Principle. Aspects from sociolinguistics, such as theories from gender and language studies, and the Cooperative Principle as proposed by H P Grice, were also considered and formed part of the analysis. The results indicate that there is a small difference between women’s versus men’s adherence to the Politeness Principle. More specifically, women tend to use more aspects of linguistic politeness. However, as the sample group of the research study consisted of only five participants, the limits of the study in terms of the generalizability of the results are recognized and suggestions have been made for further research.

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Ai, Farshad. "Reflected daylighting in schools : an investigation into design principles of reflected daylighting in primary schools in the warm-dry climate of Iran." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14957/.

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This research investigates the different ways of using daylight in schools in the warm-dry climate of Iran for natural illumination while avoiding overheating and glare. It also reviews different approaches to day lighting design and recommends an integrative approach which takes the typological approach as a basis for designers and the phenomenological approach as an evaluative method to assess and promote the experiential aspects of daylighting. This research identifies two main ways by which daylight is admitted in warm-dry climates. The first approach, diffusion, is basically admitting the harsh sunlight by filtering it through to the interior. There is either an exterior element such as foliage which acts as a filter for harsh sun rays or the specific design of the building envelope and window screens perform a similar function and filter the light. The second approach, reflection or using indirect daylight, is an appropriate day lighting strategy in this climate. The experimental and observational studies in this research address two issues. The first part is concerned with different general and specific factors influencing reflected lighting in schools. The second part addresses how this research can inform architects to design better daylit schools in such a climate. Building orientation and configuration in the larger scale, as well as specific factors such as shading devices, daylighting systems, surface features, etc. can considerably affect reflected daylighting. This research suggests that room shape and its geometrical features, especially its height, has a significant effect on the reflected day lighting of a room. On the basis of findings from various case studies, it also recommends the use of lightshelves, clerestories, porticoes and courtyard configuration in order to improve the reflected daylighting performance in school design. Finally, a set of guidelines for daylighting design in schools in the warm-dry climate of Iran is proposed as the outcome of the research.

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Srimuang, Sarunsiri. "The Mortality or Pre-Emtive War : In search of Justifications and Guidelines for Pre-Emptive Warfare." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9675.

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The thesis argues that, as a tradition, the concept of just war is socially and contextually sensitive and revisable. It explores the relevance of theory according to the dynamic changes in the nature of threats in the international arena and concludes that the just war tradition is still relevant to the contemporary modern threats that require an act of pre-emptive warfare. However, it needs some revision to be comprehensively applicable to the dynamic of modern threats and the nature of pre-emptive war. Due to the nature of pre-emptive war a nation launches the attack before the aggression from the other nation-in-conflict erupts. The author, therefore, proposed several theoretical and procedural revisions in both the principle of “Jus Ad Bellum” and “Jus In Bello” using the method of reflective equilibrium to create a comprehensive “just” pre-emptive war doctrine as part of the development and dynamic in just war tradition.

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Souza, Luiz Tarciso. "Um estudo sobre as principais acusações e defesas sobre antissemitismo e omissão de Pio XII nos episódios da Shoah." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18331.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Tarciso Souza.pdf: 972281 bytes, checksum: 98e63b334fba11c4c36bc89e7d793c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-24 The present dissertation is a study about the controversy established posthumously to Pius XII in regard to his attitudes in face of Shoah's episodes the annihilation of six millions Jews during the Second World War. Starting from the primary sources and a selected bibliography, this research sought to follow the facts and, mainly, to evaluate the counterpoised claims by several authors about Pius XII's actions and words. Some authors accuse him of silence and omission about the fate of the persecuted Jews by the Nazis, because of an alleged anti-Semitism that they identified on the pontiff. However, others authors defend and legitimate him, claiming that Pius XII strictly followed the neutrality of the Vatican, adopting an impartiality posture and prudent reserve to avoid greater evils to the victims. Instead of harsh words condemning the Jew s genocide, he chose to promote the rescue of victims who were preserved from deportation to the extermination camps and sheltered by clerics and religious in several ecclesiastical institutions including the Vatican itself and its extraterritorial properties. As a result, the research allowed us to evaluate the arguments of Pius XII's defenders as the most consistent in face of the available evidences, especially considering the favorable and widely documented statements from contemporary Jewish persons and institutions to the facts in dispute. However, this research also allowed us to notice that there are some gaps to be filled before definitely solve this controversy something that perhaps just becomes viable with the fully opening of the Vatican archives and the archives of the other governments and chancelleries that were involved in this issue A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre a polêmica estabelecida postumamente a Pio XII, a propósito de suas atitudes em relação aos episódios da Shoah a aniquilação de seis milhões de judeus durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A partir de consultas a fontes primárias e a uma bibliografia selecionada a pesquisa procurou acompanhar os fatos e, principalmente, avaliar as alegações contrapostas de vários autores sobre as ações e palavras de Pio XII. Alguns o acusam de silêncio e omissão sobre o destino dos judeus perseguidos pelos nazistas, em virtude de um suposto antissemitismo que identificam no pontífice. Entretanto, outros autores o defendem e justificam alegando que Pio XII procurou observar estritamente a neutralidade do Vaticano adotando uma postura de imparcialidade e reserva prudente para evitar males maiores às vítimas. Ao invés de duras palavras condenando o genocídio dos judeus, ele preferiu patrocinar o salvamento de vítimas que foram preservadas da deportação para os campos de extermínio e abrigadas por clérigos e religiosos em variadas instituições eclesiásticas - inclusive no próprio Vaticano e em suas propriedades extraterritoriais. Como resultado, a pesquisa permitiu-nos avaliar os argumentos dos defensores de Pio XII como os mais consistentes diante das evidências disponíveis, especialmente considerando as declarações favoráveis amplamente documentadas de pessoas e instituições judaicas contemporâneas aos fatos em disputa. No entanto, a pesquisa nos permitiu perceber também a existência de algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas antes de dirimir conclusivamente a controvérsia algo que talvez se torne viável apenas com a abertura completa dos arquivos do Vaticano e de outros governos e chancelarias envolvidos na questão

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Evans, Jane Tarbutton. "Signs, shocks, and effects of institutional review processes on qualitative research complexities all the way down /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180486073.

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Jiron, Keith. "The Immaculate Mother as Foundational Principle in Mary’s role as Efficacious Helper, Teacher, and Intercessor in the writings of Saint Manuel Gonzalez Garcia (1877 - 1940)." IMRI - Marian Library / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=udmarian1582739577618319.

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Tran, Thi Phuong Nhung. "L’Association des Nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) : Contribution à l’étude du processus d’institutionnalisation dans le droit international public." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0125/document.

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L’Association des nations de l’Asie du sud-est (ASEAN) est l’une des organisationsrégionales les plus anciennes en Asie. Créée en 1967 par la Déclaration de Bangkok, une déclarationinterétatique, l’ASEAN n’avait pas un statut juridique clair jusqu’en 2007, date de l’adoption de saCharte constitutive. A défaut d’une base conventionnelle, l’ASEAN ne manquait pourtant pas descaractéristiques d’une organisation internationale. Pendant les quarante années qui ont suivi sacréation, elle avait choisi un mode de fonctionnement fondé principalement sur les relations(relationship-based) et non sur les règles de droit. La prédominance du politique dans lefonctionnement de l’ASEAN a donc laissé aux règles de droit une place secondaire voire ambigüe.Cette spécificité, appelée ASEAN way, a fait de l’ASEAN une organisation au service des intérêtsindividuels de ses membres. En 2007, l’ASEAN s’est dotée d’une Charte constitutive, qui tente à latransformer en une organisation fondée sur des règles (rule-based). Cette Charte qui a ouvert unenouvelle ère pour l’ASEAN, l’a mise au rang d’organisation internationale, sujet dérivé du droitinternational. Elle semble remettre en cause la place du politique dans le fonctionnement de cetteorganisation. Néanmoins, la Charte a renforcé l’ASEAN way, ce qui démontre les limites de l’ASEAN.L’étude de l’institutionnalisation de l’ASEAN vise à démontrer les causes de la prééminence del’ASEAN way sur le droit et ses répercussions sur les relations entre les Etats. Cette présente étudeprocède à l’examen de l’articulation entre les objectifs et principes comme cadre axiologique del’ASEAN, son système institutionnel et son ordre juridique The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the most ancient regionalorganizations in Asia. Created in 1967 by the Bangkok Declaration, an interstate declaration, ASEANdid not have a clear legal status until 2007, date of its constituent Charter adoption. Lacking aconventional basis, ASEAN however did not lack the characteristics of an international organization.During the 40 years following its creation, it had chosen a mode of functioning mainly based onrelationship and not on rules of law. The political predominance in the ASEAN functioning therefore leftonly a secondary place to the rules of law, somewhat ambiguous. This particularity, so-called ASEANway, has made ASEAN an organization geared towards the individual interests of its members. In2007, ASEAN adopted a constituent Charter, whose aim is to transform ASEAN into a rule-basedorganization. This Charter, opening a new era for ASEAN, raised it to the rank of internationalorganization – derived subject of international law. It seems to call into question the place of politics inits functioning. The Charter nevertheless reinforced the ASEAN way, which shows the limits of ASEAN.The study of the ASEAN institutionalization aims at proving the cause of the predominance of ASEANway on the law and its repercussions on interstate relationships. This present study carries out theexamination of the link between the aims and the principles as an axiomatical framework of ASEAN, ofits institutional system and its legal order

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Kalhor, Alireza. "La participation directe dans les conflits armés et la notion de combattant : l'externalisation des activités militaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20001.

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La notion de participation directe aux hostilités n’a jamais été définie de manière précise au regard du droit international humanitaire. Cette ambiguïté a conduit à des interprétations divergentes du concept d’hostilités et des critères juridiques utilisés pour définir une participation directe par opposition à une participation indirecte (effort de guerre).D’ailleurs, les conflits contemporains posent de nouveaux défis quant à la définition et la mise en oeuvre de la notion de la participation directe aux hostilités. Les moyens de guerre de haute technicité (l’attaque de réseaux informatiques) et l’externalisation des forces armées (sociétés militaire privées), illustrent l’imbrication croissante des activités civiles et militaires et la difficulté à identifier précisément qui participe directement aux hostilités et quelles sont les mesures à prendre pour protéger ceux qui n’y participent pas directement The notion of direct participation in hostilities has never been precisely defined in international humanitarian law. This ambiguity has led to differing interpretations of the concept of hostilities and legal criteria imply a distinction from direct participation in hostilities as opposed indirect participation (war effort).Indeed, contemporary conflicts have given rise to further challenges in terms of defining and implementing the notion of direct participation in hostilities. The use of high-tech warfare (computer network attack), privatization of the armed forces (private military company), among others, illustrate the increased intermingling of civilian and military activities which make it difficult to determine who is taking a direct part in hostilities and what measures should be taken to protect those who are not directly participating

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O, Sui-fong, and 柯瑞芳. "School based management: a way to improve teacher performance in Hong Kong Government schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3028823x.

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Seifert, Katharina Elena. "The scope of war crimes against peace-keeping personnel : Do Articles 8 (2) (b) (iii) and (e) (iiD ICC- Statute and 4 (b) SCSL- Statute fulfil the requirements of the principle of specificify in international law?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12610.

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Includes bibliographical references. The United Nations was established to promote international peace and security and has become the world's most important peacekeeper and safeguard of human rights.1 Due to the increasing number of attacks against those who keep the peace in practice, the international community felt the urgent need for a better protection for its peacekeeping personnel.2 Therefore, attacks against peacekeepers have been incorporated in Article 8(2)(b)(iii) and (e)(iii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC-Statute) as well as later in Article 4(b) of the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL-Statute). The incorporation of attacks against peacekeepers in the ICC-Statute was not the only novelty. It is the first international criminal code that provides a general part which explicitly includes the principle of legality (Articles 22- 24 ICC-Statute) and its component of specificity (nullum crime sine lege scripta) (Article 22(2) ICC-Statute). It is the aim of this paper to examine whether the war crimes of intentionally directed attacks against peacekeepers, in its current version, meets the requirement of specificity. This paper will argue that the notion of the principle of legality (nullum crime sine lege) in the ICC-Statute witnesses a development from a loose to a strict application of this principle, and its components. Due to the limitation of this paper, the discussion will focus on the most controversial elements of crime, namely "attack", "peacekeeping mission in accordance with the U.N. Charter" and "as long as they are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL." I will argue that the elements "attack" and "as long as they are entitled to the protection afforded to civilians under IHL" cannot be clearly defined and that their scope is controversy, which makes it impossible for the subject of law to determine whether certain behaviour has a criminal conduct. This paper will conclude that the current versions of Article 8(2)(b)(iii), (e)(iii) and Article 4(b) SCSL-Statute are consequently violating the principle of specificity, which makes them void. The conclusion will offer a possible lawful version.

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Paszkiewicz, Katarzyna. "Gender y genre en las cineastas estadounidenses a principios del siglo XXI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283168.

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Si bien existe una cantidad considerable de trabajos de investigación sobre las llamadas cineastas “vanguardistas” o “resistentes” a las estructuras comerciales, la obra fílmica de mujeres que recurren a formas populares no ha recibido suficiente atención crítica en los estudios de cine en general, ni en estudios fílmicos feministas en particular. Esta tesis se propone abordar una selección de obras realizadas por cineastas estadounidenses contemporáneas que han sido percibidas como películas de género en los discursos críticos: la película de terror Jennifer’s Body (2009), dirigida por Karyn Kusama y escrita por Diablo Cody, el western Meek’s Cutoff (2010), dirigido por Kelly Reichardt, y el filme de guerra The Hurt Locker (2008), dirigido por Kathryn Bigelow. Tomando como punto de partida la conceptualización del género cinematográfico como un proceso, y a la vez un repertorio o una constelación de materiales culturales, estéticos e ideológicos, el objetivo es reflexionar sobre cómo las cineastas citadas emplean los formatos genéricos para entablar un diálogo con las formas pasadas, y al mismo tiempo contribuir a rehacer y permutar los imaginarios sociales, en particular en cuanto a la representación del género sexual. La tesis pretende contextualizar la obra de las cineastas estudiadas, ofreciendo un detallado examen no solo de sus películas, sino también de sus figuras públicas, que se prestan a consideraciones sobre una serie de cuestiones que nos parecen cruciales para repensar y problematizar la noción de “cine de mujeres”: la división entre los géneros “masculinos” y “femeninos”, la creciente importancia y visibilidad de la figura autorial de las cineastas, la disolución de los lindes entre el cine comercial y el cine independiente, el contexto de la llamada cultura mediática posfeminista y la cuestión del placer fílmico de las espectadoras. Uno de los objetivos principales es desestabilizar la distinción entre cultura femenina y masculina, así como revaluar ciertos géneros como espacios discursivos válidos para los análisis feministas –abiertos a posibilidades de reinscripción estética, narrativa e ideológica– y de esta manera ofrecer un replanteamiento crítico de la deslegitimación o del olvido habitual de ciertos géneros cinematográficos en contextos particulares. En términos generales, esta tesis se propone examinar con qué tipo de obstáculos y limitaciones se enfrentan las cineastas, sea por su género sexual, sea por el género cinematográfico en el cual eligen trabajar, pero también cómo traspasan o desestabilizan estas fronteras, forzándonos a rediseñar nuestras propias herramientas metodológicas, conceptos y entramados teóricos a partir de los cuales repensar la vigencia del “cine de mujeres” como clave hermenéutica. La tesis se estructura en cinco secciones: un capítulo que incluye el marco teórico, un capítulo dedicado al estudio comparativo y extratextual de la recepción y de la construcción de la figura autorial de las cineastas abordadas en esta investigación, y tres capítulos que contienen análisis detallados de tres géneros fílmicos: cine de terror, western y cine bélico. La intención no ha sido ofrecer una visión panorámica del cine de mujeres estadounidenses en el momento actual, ni trazar la evolución de las respectivas cineastas o tradiciones fílmicas en el sentido más amplio, sino más bien ofrecer una aproximación transversal y sincrónica, que permita destacar los principales problemas que surgen en la intersección del género cinematográfico, la autoría fílmica de mujeres y el género sexual. While a considerable amount of research has been done on so-called “avant-garde” or “oppositional” female filmmakers, women who make films by drawing on popular forms have still to be given sufficient critical attention, in film studies in general, and in feminist film studies in particular. The objective behind this thesis is to address a selection of works of contemporary American filmmakers which have been perceived in the critical discourses as genre films: Jennifer’s Body (2009) as a horror film, directed by Karyn Kusama and written by Diablo Cody, Meek’s Cutoff (2010) as a western, directed by Kelly Reichardt, and The Hurt Locker (2008) as a war film, directed by Kathryn Bigelow. In particular –and taking as a starting point the conceptualization of genre as a process, a repertoire or a constellation of cultural, aesthetic and ideological materials– the aim is to reflect on how these filmmakers use the genericity of filmic storytelling to engage purposefully with past forms, at the same time as contributing to remaking and shifting social imaginaries, especially in terms of gender representation. This thesis seeks to put women filmmakers in context, offering a close examination not only of their films, but also of their public figures, which raise a number of intriguing questions that are crucial to rethinking and problematizing the notion of “women’s cinema”: the distinction between “male” and “female” genres, the growing importance and visibility of authorial images of female filmmakers, the blurring borders between commercial and independent cinema, the context of the so-called postfeminist media culture, and the consideration of female spectatorial pleasures. This thesis neither attempts to offer a panoramic vision of contemporary women’s cinema, nor to trace the evolution of respective filmmakers and filmic traditions in the wider sense, but rather to present a transversal and synchronic approach, one that underlines the principal obstacles that arise at the intersection of film genres, female film authorship, and gender.

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Simon, Antoine. "Optimisation énergétique de chaînes de traction hybrides essence et Diesel sous contrainte de polluants : Étude et validation expérimentale." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2010.

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L’hybridation électrique de la chaîne de traction automobile est l’une des solutions adoptées pour respecter les règlementations futures sur ses émissions. La stratégie de supervision de la chaîne de traction hybride répartit la puissance produite par le moteur à combustion interne et la machine électrique. Elle répond habituellement à un problème d’optimisation où l’objectif est de réduire la consommation de carburant mais nécessite à présent d’y ajouter les émissions polluantes. La chaîne de dépollution, placée à l’échappement du moteur, permet de diminuer la quantité de polluants émise dans l’atmosphère. Cependant, elle n’est efficace qu’à partir d’un seuil de température, et dépend de la chaleur apportée par les gaz d’échappement du moteur thermique. La première partie de ce travail est donc consacrée à la modélisation de la consommation énergétique et des émissions polluantes de la chaine de traction hybride. La modélisation de l’efficacité de la chaîne de dépollution est réalisée selon deux contextes. Le modèle zéro-dimensionnel est adapté aux contraintes de calcul de la commande optimale. Le modèle unidimensionnel associé à un estimateur d’état permet d’être embarqué et calculé en temps réel. À partir de ces travaux, la seconde partie de cette thèse déduit des stratégies de supervision à l’aide de la théorie de la commande optimale. Dans un premier cas, le principe de Bellman permet de calculer la commande optimale d’un véhicule hybride Diesel selon des critères de supervision ayant plus ou moins connaissance de l’efficacité de la chaîne de dépollution des émissions de NOX. Dans un second cas, une stratégie issue du Principe du Minimum de Pontryagin, embarquée sur un véhicule hybride essence, fonctionnant en temps réel et calibrée selon deux paramètres est proposée. L’ensemble de ces travaux est validé expérimentalement au banc moteur et montre une réduction significative des émissions polluantes pour une faible pénalité de carburant Powertrain hybridization is a solution that has been adopted in order to conform to future standards for emissions regulations. The supervisory strategy of the hybrid powertrain divides the power emitted between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine. In past studies, this strategy has typically responded to an optimization problem with the objective of reducing consumption. However, in addition to this, it is now necessary to take pollutant emissions into account as well. The after-treatment system, placed in the exhaust of the engine, is able to reduce pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. It is efficient from a certain temperature threshold, and the temperature of the system is dependent on the heat brought by the exhaust gas of the engine. The first part of this dissertation is aimed at modelling the energy consumption and pollutant emissions of the hybrid powertrain. The efficiency model of the after-treatment system is adapted for use in two different contexts. The zero-dimensional model conforms to the constraints of the optimal control calculation. The one-dimensional model associated with a state estimator can be embedded in a vehicle and calculated in real time. From this work, the second part of this dissertation deduces supervisory strategies from the optimal control theory. On the one hand, Bellman’s principle is used to calculate the optimal control of a Diesel hybrid vehicle using different supervisory criteria, each having more or less information about the after-treatment system efficiency over NOX emissions. On the other hand, a strategy from Pontryagin’s minimum principle, embedded in a gasoline hybrid vehicle, running in real time and calibrated with two parameters, is proposed. The whole of this work is validated experimentally on an engine test bed and shows a significant reduction in pollutant emissions for a slight fuel consumption penalty

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Borges, Ronaldo Adriano Alvarenga. "Análise multivariada dos principais fatores que afetam o desgaste (vida) do revestimento refratário das panelas de transporte de aço na Aciaria da Usina de Cubatão-Usiminas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-22092016-095657/.

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O aumento da demanda por aços cada vez mais exigentes, em termos de composição química e limpidez interna, faz com que as condições de refino nas aciarias sejam cada vez mais severas. Ao mesmo tempo, o aumento dos tempos de tratamento do aço, aliado às outras variáveis operacionais como quantidades e tipos de adições químicas, etc. fazem com que haja um aumento no tempo de contato entre o revestimento refratário das panelas de transporte de aço e escórias com conseqüente redução do desempenho (vida) de tais revestimentos refratários. Apesar dos esforços no intuito de redução de custos com redução de consumos de refratários, é cada vez maior a pressão sobre os custos de produção e de segurança operacional. Neste sentido, a construção de modelos de previsão de vida em função de tais variáveis é de extrema importância para a gestão de processos e contratos, estabilidade operacional e segurança. Além disso, os estudos de post-mortem podem contribuir no sentido de compreensão física e química de tais fenômenos e mecanismos de desgaste, contribuindo assim para a validação de tais modelos determinísticos. Neste estudo, buscou-se verificar quais variáveis operacionais influem no desempenho (vida) das panelas através de correlações estatísticas. O modelamento levou em consideração os dados de 6 meses de operação da aciaria de uma usina integrada com capacidade de 4,5 Mt/ano. O estudo post-mortem realizado em uma das panelas, após o final de sua campanha, mostrou-se eficiente na validação de tais correlações e no entendimento físico e químico dos possíveis fenômenos e mecanismos de desgaste. As análises mostraram que as variáveis que impactam a vida das panelas de aço são a temperatura de vazamento do aço, temperatura do aço na panela pós vazamento, quantidade de aço chapas grossas (CG) produzido, rota de tratamento dessulfurado, tempo de panela cheia, participação do forno panela no refino secundário, condições da panela, carga de aço na panela, adições de nefelina, escória sintética, fios de cálcio silício (CaSi) e ferro alumínio cálcio (FeAlCa), ligas de manganês e tempos de tratamento no refino secundário. O estudo de post-mortem de amostras de refratário da linha de escória extraída de uma das panelas revelou que o principal mecanismo de desgaste desta região é a corrosão química pela escória que é facilitada pelas adições de nefelina. The increased demand for increasingly demanding steels, in terms of chemical composition and internal sanity, makes the conditions of refining in steelmaking plants are increasingly stringent and select. At the same time, increasing metallurgical treatment times, combined with the various other operating variables such as the quantities and types of chemical additions, etc. makes that there is an increase in contact time between the refractory coating of steel transport ladles and slag with a consequent reduction in performance (life) of such refractory linings. Despite efforts in order to reduce costs with a reduction of refractory consumption, it is increasing the pressure on the costs of production and operational safety. In this sense, the construction of life prediction models according to such variables is extremely important for cost reduction, process management and procurement, operational stability and safety. Moreover, post-mortem studies can contribute towards chemical and physical understanding of such phenomena and wear mechanisms, thus contributing to the validation of such deterministic models. In this study, we sought to determine which operating variables really influence the performance (life) of the ladles through statistics correlations. The modeling took into account data from 6 months of operation of an integrated steelmaking plant with capacity of 4.5 Mt / year. The study post-mortem conducted on some ladles, after the end of their campaigns, was effective in the validation of such correlations and in the physical and chemical understanding of possible phenomena and wear mechanisms. The analysis showed that the variables that impact in the life of steel\'s ladles are the steel taping temperature, the steel taping temperature in the ladle after taping, amount of produced plate mill (CG) steel, desulfurized treatment route, ladle full time, participation of the ladle furnace in the secondary refining, ladle conditions, steel load in the ladle, nepheline additions, synthetic slag, calcium silicon (CaSi) and iron aluminium calcium (FeAlCa) wires, manganese alloys and treatment times in the secondary refining. The post-mortem study of slagline\'s refractory samples extracted from ladles in operation revealed that the main wear mechanism in this region is the chemical corrosion by slag and is facilitated by additions of nepheline.

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McIntyre, Lesley. "The way-finding journey within a large public building : a user centred study of the holistic way-finding experience across a range of visual ability." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/93c42497-3c87-46fd-95fa-61c3718391c5.

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This PhD Thesis has been immersed in investigating the holistic experience of way-finding in buildings by people who have a range of visual ability. Previous research studies, spanning across a broad spectrum of disciplines, have focused on various characteristics of human way-finding (Arthur and Passini, 1992;Lynch, 1960;Downs and Stea, 1973). It is specifically recognised that the built environment is failing people with visual loss (Barker et al., 1995) and the strategic task and skill of way-finding within a building is a particular problem (Arthur and Passini, 1992). Under the social model of disability (Oliver, 1990) this is recognised as a form of architectural disablement (Goldsmith, 1997). There are few evidence-based studies of way-finding in a building. Furthermore, there are no studies of real-life experiences of way-finding undertaken by real-life participants who have a range of visual ability within the context of a real-life building. This leads to a research question: What are the design issues revealed by participants who have a range of visual ability as they way-find in a large public building? This doctoral research, based within the discipline of architecture, focuses on the holistic experiential components of a Journey (Myerson, 2001;Harper and Green, 2000). It coins and defines the term Way-finding Hot-spot as it explores the events [positive and negative] which are experienced and therefore impact on a Way-finding Journey around a building. To fill an important gap in the current knowledge a research enquiry, based on a user-centred design approach, was implemented. Exploratory in nature, the methodology was inductive and it evolved throughout the study. A series of Research Principles, borrowed from the established methodologies of Grounded Theory (Glaser, 1968) and Case Study (Yin, 2003a;Yin, 2003b), guided this study. Ten participants [with varying degrees of visual ability, different ages and other forms of disability] undertook a Way-finding Scenario designed to evaluate both existing memories of way-finding and present way-finding experience. This was composed of a Purposeful Conversation (Burgess, 1982) and a context specific Way-finding Task. The study has produced a large amount of data based on user experience in a real-world way-finding context – this has not been done before. Participant data contributed to a new Theory of Way-finding – The Experiential Charting of a Way-finding Journey – which derived from experiential data, was found to be composed of three elements: Journey Stages, Tasks Components and Communication Requirements. This thesis presents detailed findings which generate dialogue in the design of way-finding systems suitable for a diverse range of way-finders. It provides a research-based foundation to open the problem area and provide an insight into the issues people with different visual abilities encounter as they undertake a Way-finding Journey around a building. It generates a greater understanding of the problems and joys of way-finding in a building which will be of use in professional practice across disciplines of architecture and design as well as in areas of rehabilitation, policy-making and academia. This research is a start, but it is not the end. Future research questions have been revealed and these, combined with further reviews of literature and creative use of method, will further explore the phenomenon of way-finding within the context of buildings.

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Munazi, Muhimanyi Cyprien. "La répression des crimes relevant du statut de la Cour pénale internationale par les juridictions nationales et le principe de complémentarité : l’exemple de la République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD039.

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Au cours d’un peu plus de deux décennies, la RDC, située au cœur de l’Afrique, dans la région des grands lacs, a été le théâtre des crimes de masse les plus violents. De nombreux rapports relatent les violations à grande échelle des droits de l’homme et du doit international humanitaire commises dans ce pays démontrent. Ils démontrent l’horreur innommable infligée aux populations civiles dans la partie Est du pays. ll s'agit notamment, de Bukavu, Fizi, Uvira Mugunga, Goma, Bénie, Rusthuru,Lubero, Walikale, Kisangani, Tingi-Tingi, Makobola, Ituri, Kiwanja, Kasai, Maniema, Shaba. Dans un contexte global de conflit et de trouble persistant, d’instabilité socio-économique et de crise politique profonde, la commission des crimes graves se trouve exacerbée par la présence des centaines de groupes armés politico-militaro-affairistes, des Forces Armées de la R.D.C., tous soutenus par des troupes étrangères et multinationales. L'environnement politique et sécuritaire empêche la justice congolaise d'évaluer dans la sérénité la quasi-totalité d’éléments de crimes sur le territoire en vue d’identifier les auteurs, d’établir les responsabilités, procéder à leur répression, assurer la réparation des nombreuses victimes et la réconciliation nationale. L'association d'autres formes de justice serait plus que nécessaire, toujours à travers la logique de la complémentarité de la CPI . For almost over two decades, the DRC, located in the heart of Africa, in the Great Lakes region, has benn the scene of the most violent crimes. Tremendous public and non government organizations have reported the large-scale violations international humanitarian law and human rights committed in this country. They display the horror inflicted upon the civilian populations in the eastern part of the country. These include amonsgt others the areas of Bukavu, Fizi, Uvira Mugunga, Goma, Béni, Rusthuru, Lubero, Walikale, Kisangani, Tingi-Tingi, Makobola, Ituri, Kiwanja, Kasaï, Maniema, Shaba. In a global context of conflict and persistent turmoil, socio-economic instability and deep political crisis, the commission of serious crimes is exacerbated by the presence of hundreds of armed politico-military-mercenary groups, the Armed Forces of the DRC, all supported by foreign and multinational troops. The currently political and security environment prevents the Congolese justice system from smoothly assessing all elements of crimes on the territory in order to identify the perpetrators, establish the responsibilities, carry out investigation and prosecution as well as legal proceedings, ensure the reparations to millions of victims and the national reconciliation at large. The combination of other forms of justice would be more than ever necessary through the logic of the complementarity of the ICC

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Axelsson, Lucas. "Överraskning - Vilka indikatorer påverkar? : En studie av de två fallen Pearl Harbor och Sexdagarskriget." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4012.

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Principen överraskning är en av de äldsta principer som finns att använda i striden. Principen ses som grunden för striden och för vilka metoder som kan använda för att lyckas i striden. Men vad innebär överraskning egentligen och hur har den använts? Uppsatsen kommer att problematisera principen överraskning och anknyta till forskningen om överraskning till Pearl Harbor och sexdagarskriget, som har setts vara typiska överraskningsanfall. Såg anfallen likadana ut och vilka indikatorer utifrån litteraturen påvisar att det var en överraskning? Inledningsvis kommer överraskning beskrivas utifrån vald litteratur för att åskådliggöra innebörden. Litteraturen kommer att analyseras och göra underlag för senare del av uppsatsen. Därefter appliceras och granskas de på de två olika överraskningsanfallen med vilka indikatorer som användes vid respektive anfall till litteraturteorin. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet och författaren ger förslag på ny forskning med anknytning till ämnet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att problematisera principen överraskning och vilka indikatorer som påverkar principen överraskning. Jag kommer att genomföra en komparativ modell mellan Pearl Harbor och sexdagarskriget. Denna analys genomförs genom en kvalitativ textanalys och uppsatsens analytiska ram är principen överraskning. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna i denna uppsats är analys utifrån teorin överraskning samt litteratur om Pearl Harbor och sexdagarskriget. The principle of surprise is one of the oldest principles that is to used in battle. Principle as the basis of the conflict and the methods you can use to succeed in battle. But what does surprise really mean, and how is it used? The essay will problematize the principle of surprise and connect the research on surprise to Pearl Harbor and the Six Day War that has been seen to be typical surprise attacks. Did the attacks look the same and do the indicators from the literature show that it was a surprise?Initially the principle surprise will describe the selected literature to illustrate the meaning. The literature will be analyzed and make a basis for the later part of the essay. Then I will analyze the literature and apply it on the two surprise attacks, if they were using the same indicators. Finally it discusses the results and the author suggests new research related to the topic. The purpose of this paper is to problematize the principle of surprise and the indicators that affect the principle of surprise. The essay will conduct a comparative method between Pearl Harbor and the Six Day War. This analysis is performed by a qualitative text analysis and essay analytical framework is the principle of surprise. The theoretical basis of this paper is the analysis based on the theory and literature surprise of Pearl Harbor and the Six-Day War.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Principles of war'

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