Academic literature on the topic 'Print and printmaking'

Printmaking within the applied arts is an extremely diverse practice that can extend the concept of what a print can be. Rather than the dissemination of published images and text, in this context printed information is transformed into objects and materials, ceramics, textiles, tableware, clothing. Prints such as these are not ʻreproductionʼ they are ʻproductionʼ.Process is crucial to both printmaking and the applied arts and the determining aspect of production plays a vital part in defining the qualities of a work such as print-decorated ceramic objects. To work with a printmaking process in this sector requires interpretation, predictive foresight and a degree of ʻthinking-through-makingʼ to transpose an image into the physical world of materials and objects. Printmaking, specifically within the ceramic discipline, is often plagued by issues of integrity brought about by problems relating to ʻdivisionʼ, these issues include: - - The physical divisions between image and object - The divided tasks in production that can disrupt thinking and making - A division of perceptions surrounding the surface/form relationship that considers the surface as supplementary or artificial Commercial production has developed approaches and techniques to integrate surface and form, combat these negative perceptions and raise the value of this type of work. These methods are not, however, always appropriate or accessible to individual ceramist-printmakers working in the studio. How can this sector overcome these negative factors and adopt strategies that invest some value of visual integrity within production? The research project answers this question in two ways: A low-tech, accessible method was developed in the studio with the aim to offer a new practical approach that physically integrates complex ceramic forms with the printed image. The aim was to facilitate this unity at an early ʻraw-clayʼ stage, where the combined manipulation of surface and form can take place together, resulting in an aesthetic that has ʻvisual integrityʼ. The second aim of the research has been to identify the inherent qualities of working and thinking ʻwithinʼ the language of ceramics and print materials and processes. ʻSyntacticʼ qualities and factors have been determined through research into historical innovations and the observation of current commercial practice in the field of screenprinting and screenprinted ceramics. This has helped to establish approaches to overcome negative factors relating to the perception of division, and invest integrity in the work through principled approaches to practice. The project adopts a methodology of ʻthinking-through-makingʼ where iterative studio experimentation is undertaken through tacit understanding, gained from experiential knowledge combined with research of contemporary and historical precedents. This approach is reflected upon and informed by writers who discuss working within the inherent language of printmaking. The research contributes to the advancement of knowledge through the development of a new versatile technique that can be easily accessed by ceramists and printmakers who wish to produce integrated ceramics and print works. This contributes to the advancement of technology, perception and knowledge in the field of printed ceramic objects. My approach and the development of a value system also offers a tool to further the critical

The practice-led research was concerned with the development of the combination of high relief prints and the creation of different shades of printmaking inks through heat. The research was in the proportion of 60% practice and 40% theory. To locate this research within contemporary practice, the study began with the literature review and consideration was given to the work of artists, who use heat in their work. The literature review also investigated embossed patterns and relief techniques including the work of artists who produce imagery through pronounced relief. Existing colour systems were reviewed and these assisted a framework for correlating the colour samples that were modified through the application of heat to printing ink. This review demonstrated that there was no compelling evidence to suggest that artists had seriously taken into account the connection between heat, colour and relief pattern. Studio research consisted of a series of studies that explored the potential of heat and its facility to change the effect of printmaking inks. In this research, temperature, variation and duration were all recorded. Research also examined the ability of heat to relax and release paper fibres under pressure thereby achieving extremes of positive and negative relief, as well as embossed and textured surfaces. This was done by exploring different methods of pressing paper under heat to form and print a variety of high relief, involving concave and convex forms. The research also examined punctured paper, tears, and embossed holes and examined how the fragmentation of paper fibres could be enhanced through heat. The research culminated in the making of a series of full scale prints that demonstrate the use of heat and its ability to enable high relief prints and subtle changes of colour. The research concluded with an examination exhibition and a written dissertation.

In an effort to assist self-guided artists in constructing meaning and creativity through the technique of printmaking, the author has compiled a curriculum to engage these artist/students in thoughtful research, discussion, art-making, and critique. In this qualitative case study there are eight participants from age 14 to 79, with varying educational and art experience, who enrolled in a relief print workshop with no recompense other than participation. The particular benefits of learning relief printing are described. The author's goal is exploration of student responses to a curriculum centered around constructing meaning and engaging in introspective and informed discussion. In fostering open inquiry and analysis, the author was able to cultivate a place of personal discovery in a community class and gain insights into teaching, learning, and curriculum design.

The organization of eighteenth and nineteenth-century British printmaking and publishing was based on economic principles and occurred in the collaborative sphere of the engraver’s studio. Print designers, engravers, printers, and publishers formed a professional network that operated on economic principles, publishing prints that served to generate income for its participants. These ventures faced great challenges in the lengthy and laborious processes of engraving and publishing, and in financing the project for the duration of that time. This project examines the economic structure of early nineteenth-century prints. Using comprehensive accounting records, it analyzes two well-known topographical print series. The profitable Southern coast by William Bernard Cooke and George Cooke is compared to the financially unsuccessful Tour of Italy by James Hakewill, series that both were partly based on watercolors by J.M.W. Turner. A well-managed organization and a sound financial framework laid the foundation for a profitable venture. The success of print series hinged on several critical success factors, such as access to sufficient capital, strict cost containment, and optimized print editions. An examination of the conflict that ended the collaboration between Turner and the engravers Cooke, originating in Turner’s demand for higher design fees, puts the validity of the arguments of both parties in a new light. The investigation into the work practice of the engravers Cooke and the economic factors that determined the outcome of their labor contributes to a better understanding of the printmakers’ opportunities and challenges at the onset of the modern art market.

Trata-se da produção de gravuras em metal, gravadas sobre cobre, com os procedimentos da água-forte, água-tinta, buril e ponta seca, estampadas em papéis diversos. Todas as gravuras foram produzidas a partir da observação da realidade captada de lugares visitados, na tentativa de apreendê-los em diferentes níveis. Registradas por anotações desenhadas e gravadas diretamente na matriz envernizada, foram posteriormente reinventadas no ateliê, com atenção às qualidades de linguagem e às especificidades do meio de produção da gravura em metal.<br>It is the production of metal engravings, etched on copper, with the procedures of etching, aquatint, burin and drypoint, printed in diverse papers. All prints were produced from the observation of reality captured in places visited, in the attempt to apprehend them in different levels. Registered by delineated annotations or recorded directly in the varnished matrix, were subsequently reinvented in the studio, with attention to the quality of language and the specificities of the means of production of metal engraving.