Academic literature on the topic 'Print Screen Function on a Keyboard'

An important lesson learned during the pandemic is that the devices utilized by many people (vending machines, elevators, etc.) can spread the virus and take advantage of contactless programs that can be enabled through gesture recognition. It's a major enabler of smart living and human-computer interaction. It is widely used in controlling equipments. This research presents a novel vision-based real-time gesture recognition system for controlling a laptop. It's a comprehensive system that can do all the required functions needed to remotely control a laptop through hand gesture recognition rather than employing a mouse or keyboard. This system allows changing the position of the mouse point, performing left-click, right-click, double-click, and scrolling up and down. It also provides all the keyboard shortcuts, Print Screen (PrtScr), and Backspace. Furthermore, it allows shutting down as well as creating files and folders. Additionally, it allows playing, muting, pausing media playback, reducing/increasing the brightness, and turning the volume down/up. Moreover, it allows advancing to the next and previous page of the slideshow, as well as zooming in/out. Finally, the system allows gestures to open the most frequently used applications based on the user's choice. In comparison to the previous work, this system is considered unique in that it performs all the functions needed to remotely control the laptop. Previous systems only offer a subset of the tools provided by this proposed system Additionally, it is unique because the user operates all functions solely through gestures, without the need for additional methods.

A Review of:
 Hobbs, K., & Klare, D. (2016). Are we there yet?: A longitudinal look at e-books through students’ eyes. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 28(1), 9-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2016.1130451
 
 Abstract
 
 Objective – To determine undergraduate students’ opinions of, use of, and facility with e-books.
 
 Design – A qualitative study that incorporated annual interview and usability sessions over a period of four years. The protocol was informed by interview techniques used in prior studies at Wesleyan University. To supplement the body of qualitative data, the 2014 Measuring Information Service Outcomes (MISO) survey was distributed; the researchers built five campus-specific e-book questions into the survey. 
 
 Setting – A small university in the Northeastern United States of America. 
 Subjects – 28 undergraduate students (7 per year) who attended summer session between the years of 2011-2014 recruited for interview and usability sessions; 700 full-time undergraduate students recruited for the 2014 MISO survey. 
 
 Methods – The method was designed by a library consortium in the Northeastern United States of America. The study itself was conducted by two librarians based at the single university. To recruit students for interview and usability sessions, librarians sent invitations via email to a random list of students enrolled in the university’s summer sessions. Recruitment for the 2014 MISO survey was also conducted via email; the survey was sent to a stratified, random sample of undergraduate students in February 2014. 
 
 Interview sessions were structured around five open-ended questions that examined students’ familiarity with e-books and whether the format supports academic work. These sessions were followed by the students’ evaluation of specific book titles available on MyiLibrary and ebrary, platforms accessible to all libraries in the CTW Consortium. Participants were asked to locate e-books on given topics, answer two research questions using preselected e-books, explain their research process using the above mentioned platforms, and comment on the overall usability experience. Instead of taking notes during interview and usability sessions, the researchers recorded interviews and captured screen activity. Following sessions, they watched recordings, took notes independently, and compared notes to ensure salient points were captured. 
 
 Due to concerns that a small pool of interview and usability candidates might not capture the overall attitude of students towards e-books, the researchers distributed the 2014 MISO survey between the third and fourth interview years. Five additional campus-specific e-book questions were included. The final response rate was 33%.
 
 Main Results – The results of the interviews, usability studies, and MISO survey suggest that although students use print and electronic formats for complementary functions, 86% would still select print if they had to choose between the formats. Findings indicate that e-books promote discovery and convenient access to information, but print supports established and successful study habits, such as adding sticky notes to pages or creating annotations in margins. With that being said, most students do not attempt to locate one specific format over another. Rather, their two central concerns are that content is relevant to search terms and the full-text is readily available. 
 
 Study findings also suggest that students approach content through the lens of a particular assignment. Regardless of format, they want to get in, locate specific information, and move on to the next source. Also, students want all sources – regardless of format – readily at hand and arranged in personal organization systems. PDF files were the preferred electronic format because they best support this research behaviour; content can be arranged in filing systems on personal devices or printed when necessary. Because of these research habits, digital rights management (DRM) restrictions created extreme frustration and were said to impede work. In some cases, students created workarounds for the purpose of accessing information in a usable form. This included visiting file sharing sites like Pirate Bay in order to locate DRM free content.
 
 Findings demonstrated a significant increase in student e-book use over the course of four years. However, this trend did not correspond to increased levels of sophistication in e-book use or facility with build-in functions on e-book platforms. The researchers discovered that students create workarounds instead of seeking out menu options that save time in the long run. This behaviour was consistent across the study group regardless of individual levels of experience working with e-books. Students commented that additional features slow down work rather than creating efficiency. For instance, when keyboard shortcuts used to copy and paste text did not function, students preferred to type out a passage rather than spend time searching for copy functions available on the e-book platform. 
 
 Conclusion – Academic e-books continue to evolve in a fluid and dynamic environment. While the researchers saw improvements over the course of four years (e.g., fewer DRM restrictions) access barriers remain, such as required authentication to access platform content. They also identified areas where training sessions lead by librarians could demonstrate how e-books support student research and learning activities. 
 
 The researchers also found that user experiences are local in nature and specific to campus cultures and expectations. They concluded that knowledge of local user communities should drive book format selection. Whenever possible, libraries should provide access to multiple formats to support a variety of learning needs and research behaviours.

Personal-computer applications-software often requires people to navigate and select options using their keyboard's function keys where context-dependent meanings for these keys are assigned by guides or menus labeled on the screen. The physical layout of function keys on standard PC-compatible keyboards differs from the most common layouts of screen labels. This study examined user performance consequences of this simple, spatial, inconsistency. In a simulated order entry task, 36 participants each completed 240 trials, 40 with each of six different combinations of two keyboards and three screen guides with different spatial arrangements of function keys and screen labeling. One keyboard used the standard 5×2 function key pad and one used a single horizontal row of function keys; the screen guides were either a horizontal row, a vertical list, or a grid consistent with the standard key pad. We collected measures of response time, errors, and user preferences. Analysis of errors showed no reliable results. Analysis of response times showed several significant effects. Responses were faster with the two combinations of key pad and screen-guide layouts that were spatially consistent than with the four inconsistent layouts. Response times were also faster with the keyboard with horizontal function keys than with the standard layout, and slower with the vertical screen guide than with either of the other two guides. Over 80% of the participants thought the task was easiest when the screen guide matched the function key layout.

Abstract: Human interaction with computers is increasing everyday with the advancement in Technology. The different ways of interaction with computers have become an important factor in choosing devices. Humans are more interested in lightweight, touchless technologies that can make the work easier and easier. In this Paper, a virtual keyboard and mouse that act as touchless input medium to Computers and eliminates the use of physical keyboard and mouse has been proposed. The virtual keyboard and mouse are designed to execute its functionality by recognizing hand gestures. The project is build using Python, OpenCV, MediaPipe technologies which provides features for hand gesture controls. It requires a computer or laptop with camera. The idea is to display the customized keyboard layout on the computer screen and the built-in camera captures the hands and its movements over the virtual keyboard layout. A forefinger hovering over the keyboard keys highlights those keys and when the tips of forefinger and middle finger met, then that key is clicked, which is taken as input to computer and displayed on the screen. A virtual mouse has been designed to function as a physical mouse based on hand gestures. The virtual mouse recognizes the fingertip of forefinger and movement of that finger is considered as cursor movements. When the forefinger points to the elements on the screen, it is highlighted as if the cursor is placed over those elements. The overlapping of tips of forefinger and middle finger are designed as a click.

Abstract: Every component of a computer has evolved since its inception. Our daily lives are made very convenient and simple by computers. These days, a controller with several keys is used to operate these machines. A keyboard has several restrictions and resource requirements, but it also has a wide variety of physical features for the keys. However, the in-touch keyboard, which developed from a physical keyboard, has a lot of disadvantages. The Internet of Things (IoT) architecture is used by the remotebased gesture keyboard, which also includes an accelerometer, Arduino, and machine learning technology to force the system to act in a particular way. In current work, the detailed review and experimentation of Gesture Controlled Magical Keyboard is presented. The idea behind the gesture-controlled keyboard is that it allows users to enter text and numbers into text editors by moving their hands in a particular way to represent a character in the air using an Arduino board. The Arduino will function as a remote control, transforming airborne movements into text that is shown on a computer screen.

A design of program controlled function signal generator is introduced. LPC2138 is used as a controller to make the adjustment of frequency, waveform and amplitude programmable. We control the frequency by switching the capacitance and setting the input current of MAX038. We used DS1267 to control the amplitude of output signal with high-speed FET-Input operational amplifier OPA132. Our system is equipped with a keyboard and a LCD screen. We used EEPROM memory chip FM25CL16 to save and load waveform parameters. The circuit works well and the output waveform is stable and reliable.

<p>A talking ATM may be a kind of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) that gives perceptible directions so that persons United Nations agency will not scan associate degree ATM screen can severally use the machine. All perceptible data is delivered in private through an earpiece jack on the face of the device or an on an individual basis hooked up a telephone. Information provided to the client either through pre-recorded sound files or via text-to-speech synthesis A user plugs a conventional telephone receiver into the jack, hear directions and also the user can respond to voice. In spite of everything, the small print is given press OK button for confirmation. There's associate degree perceptible orientation for initial time users, and perceptible data describing the placement of options like the OK button, deposit slot, and card slot. During this application is principally developed for the blind individuals. The blind people cannot see the keyboard and also the screen for the system. They enter the input details through voice. The voice to text converter can convert into text and method additional way. The system offers the instruction regarding the system usage through voice.</p>

A talking ATM may be a kind of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) that gives perceptible directions so that persons United Nations agency will not scan associate degree ATM screen can severally use the machine. All perceptible data is delivered in private through an earpiece jack on the face of the device or an on an individual basis hooked up a telephone. Information provided to the client either through pre-recorded sound files or via text-to-speech synthesis A user plugs a conventional telephone receiver into the jack, hear directions and also the user can respond to voice. In spite of everything, the small print is given press OK button for confirmation. There's associate degree perceptible orientation for initial time users, and perceptible data describing the placement of options like the OK button, deposit slot, and card slot. During this application is principally developed for the blind individuals. The blind people cannot see the keyboard and also the screen for the system. They enter the input details through voice. The voice to text converter can convert into text and method additional way. The system offers the instruction regarding the system usage through voice.

Screen printing is the simplest and most likely to be done manually. This printing technique is also an effective and efficient way in the development of small industries, the advantage of this screen printing business is that the capital is not too large, and also does not have to have special skills. The idea of redesigning a manual screen printing tool by combining 2 screen printing tools to get more effective and efficient results for screen printing operators. The advantages can perform precise printing results and can print several screen printing objects that before could only produce plastic screen printing only and after the addition of the design, the function of the tool will increase to be able to screen cups, cardboard, plastic bags, fabrics.

The traditional human-computer interaction is mainly through the mouse, keyboard, remote control, and other peripheral equipment electromagnetic signal transmission. This paper aims to build a visual human-computer interaction system through a series of deep learning and machine vision models, so that people can achieve complete human-computer interaction only through the camera and screen. The established visual human-computer interaction system mainly includes the function modes of three basic peripherals in human-computer interaction: keyboard, mouse (X-Y position indicator), and remote control. The convex hull method was used to switch between these three modes. After issuing the mode command, Gaussian mixture was used to quickly identify the moving human body to narrow the scope of our image processing. Subsequently, finger detection in human body was realized based on the Faster-RCNN-ResNET50-FPN model structure, and realized the function of moving mouse and keyboard through the relationship between different fingers. At the same time, the recognition of human body posture was done by using MediaPipe BlazePose, and the action classification models were established through the Angle between body movements so as to realize the control function of remote control. In order to ensure the real-time performance of the interactive system, according to the characteristics of different data processing processes, CPU and GPU computing power resources are used to cross-process images to ensure the real-time performance. The recognition accuracy of the human-computer interaction system is above 0.9 for the key feature points of human body, and above 0.87 for the recognition accuracy of four kinds of command actions. It is hoped that vision-based human-computer interaction will become a widely used interaction mode in the future.

Abstract This chapter analyzes the people who use Bible software, looking at how they think about the Bible and which Bible apps are influencing their religious behavior. The Bible can be understood as religious content, but “the Bible” can also function as conceptual category and powerful cultural and relational symbol. This chapter draws on focus groups conduced at several churches to explore how that symbolic meaning changes when the Bible migrates from a printed book to an app. It also explores how users choose between the print and digital forms of the Bible. The interviewees portray modern Bible reading as a multimedia experience, one where they use a combination of print, screen, and even audio, shifting between them sometimes based on distinct goals and other times on what is convenient, comfortable, or socially acceptable.

Abstract This chapter describes how to read data values into Genstat and how to print them out. It also looks at some of the more general aspects of input and output, such as the use of files for storing different kinds of information. As already mentioned (1.1), Genstat statements may be typed in at the keyboard or stored in files and executed as a complete program. Similarly, data can be typed in directly or read, from files that have been prepared in advance. Many directives produce output that can either be displayed on the screen or stored in output files. Usually Genstat programs, data, and output are stored in character files. These are easily manipulated by other programs, such as text editors or word processors; so they can easily be viewed or modified on the screen of the PC or terminal, or printed out if hard copy is required.

Computer devices using touch-enabled technology are becoming more prevalent today. The application of a touch screen high definition surgical monitor could allow not only high definition video from an endoscopic camera to be displayed, but also the display and interaction with relevant patient and health related data. However, this technology has not been quickly embraced by all health care organizations. Although traditional keyboard or mouse-based software programs may function flawlessly on a touch-based device, many are not practical due to the usage of small buttons, fonts and very complex menu systems. This paper describes an approach taken to overcome these problems. A real case study was used to demonstrate the novelty and efficiency of the proposed method.

1. Flat-panel monitors—OK, you not only know about flatpanel monitors, you’ve longed for one for years. But if you haven’t checked the prices recently, check again—this may be the time to buy. These monitors are now brighter, sharper, and clearer than ever. A 17-, 19-, even a 20-inch display has become more affordable, especially as part of a new computer system. With no border inside the frame, you see much more display area than with a CRT that boasts the same screen size. Some can even be rotated between portrait and landscape views. In the bargain, flat-panel monitors weigh less, emit fewer UV rays, use less electricity, and generate far less heat.They really are cool! 2. Multifunction printers—MFPs (multi-function printers), or all-in-ones, actually do do it all: print, copy, scan, and (usually) fax. Conventional wisdom cautions against hardware that performs more than one function, on the theory that if one part fails the whole thing goes south. But modern MFPs are solid and reliable. And they’re vastly more simple to set up and use than four separate machines (think software, wires, and space). Laser MFPs usually print, copy, and fax in black and white but scan in color. Ink-jet models do everything in color. Ink jets are initially less expensive, but if you factor in the cost of rapidly consumed color cartridges, laser is cheaper in the long run— especially if your primary output is text. 3. Photo printers—On the other hand, specialized ink-jet photo printers, which make it a breeze to print color images from your digital camera, are growing more and more popular. Some of them are flexible enough to print directly—not only from digital cameras but from memory cards and wireless devices, like PDAs and camera phones. Others connect through your PC. Some even allow you to print labels and photos onto special CDs! But primarily, you are freed to print stunningly clear, professional-looking, borderless pictures without leaving home. See brands from, among others, Epson, Canon, and Hewlett Packard.

Abstract Traditionally, the printed circuit assemblies have been fabricated through a combination of imaging and plating based subtractive processes involving use of photo-exposure followed by baths for plating and etching to form the needed circuitry on rigid and flexible laminates. Additive electronics is finding applications for fabrication of IoT sensors. The emergence of a number of additive technologies poses an opportunity for the development of processes for manufacture of flexible substrates using mainstream additive processes, which are now commercially available. Aerosol-Jet printing has shown the capability for printing lines and spaces below 10 μm in width. The Aerosol-Jet system supports a wide variety of materials, including nanoparticle inks and screen-printing pastes, conductive polymers, insulators, adhesives, and even biological matter. The adoption of additive manufacturing for high-volume commercial fabrication requires an understanding of the print consistency, electrical and mechanical properties. Little literature exists that addresses the effect of varying sintering time and temperature on the shear strength and resistivity of the printed lines. In this study, the effect of process parameters on the resultant line-consistency, mechanical and electrical properties has been studied. Print process parameters studied include the sheath rate, mass flow rate, nozzle size, substrate temperature and chiller temperature. Properties include resistance and shear load to failure of the printed electrical line as a function of varying sintering time and varying sintering temperature. Aerosol-Jet machine has been used to print interconnects. Printed samples have been exposed to different sintering times and temperatures. The resistance and shear load to failure of the printed lines has been measured. The underlying physics of the resultant trend was then investigated using elemental analysis and SEM. The effect of line-consistency driftover prolonged runtimes has been measured for up to 10-hours of runtime. Printing process efficiency has been gauged a function of process capability index (Cpk) and process capability ratio (Cp). Printed samples were studied offline using optical Profilometry to analyze the consistency within the line width, line height, line resistance and shear load to study the variance in the electrical and mechanical properties over time.

The products in the market are mostly 2D sensing. The touch panel technology is used in the industry and the video game wisely. Many of the ATMs, cell phones and the vending machines have touch panel technology in these years. The touch panel technology grows up quickly. In recent years, there has been increasing interests in proximity sensing technology [1–3]. This study proposes the 3D proximity sensing can be used in un-touch screen, a 3D keyboard, or constructed on the robot’s hand for sensing the distance and position of an object. As the optical components advance, the optical system, optical touch panel, object sensing and medical system are growing up with it. A photo detector is the part of the optical component. However, the photo detector transfers the photon to the current (photocurrent). This study needs a circuit to be the rear end of the photo detector, transferring the current to the voltage. An active pixel sensor is the viable way to realize the function. For the large area object sensing and high resolution, one pixel should be designed as small as possible. A small pixel however gives small photocurrent. The efficient way to transfer the photon to the voltage is important. The aim of this study is to develop a 3D-position sensing technique for an arbitrary object. The schematic for illustration is shown in Fig. 1. Different from conventional 2D capacitance or resistance touch panels, the proposed proximity sensor array has third axis sensing and the 3D sensing. A new active pixel circuit is proposed for realizing the sensor array. The active pixel sensor is used to convert the light to the voltage, and it can improve the resolution and reduce the noise. The standard and official active pixel sensor is a 3T-structure APS (or 3T-APS). The drawback of 3T-APS is that the output range is limited by the original circuit design. The maximum output cannot be up to bias voltage. The new APS resolution is better than the standard 3T-APS resolution in this aspect. It is a good improvement in terms of not only the CMOS sensor but also the 3D optical proximity sensing circuit.