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Journal articles on the topic 'Printed Dipole Antenna'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Wang, Heesu, and Ikmo Park. "Characteristics of the Angled Printed Dipole Array Antenna with Different Numbers of Dipole Elements." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.3.183.

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This paper investigated the characteristics of series-fed angled dipole antennas as the number of dipoles increased from one to two, four, and eight. A parallel strip line printed on both sides of the substrate was used to connect angled printed dipoles of the same size in a series with equal spacing. As expected, although the gain increased as the number of dipoles increased, the impedance and gain bandwidths decreased. In addition, as the number of dipoles increased, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) differences between the xz- and yzplanes decreased and the radiation pattern of the xz-plane became more symmetric. Antennas with one, two, four, and eight-dipole elements in a series were designed, and their peak gains were 5.0 dBi, 7.2 dBi, 9.4 dBi, and 10.4 dBi, respectively. The differences between the xz- and yz-plane HPBWs of the four antennas were 160.4°, 41.7°, 14.2°, and 5.3°, respectively. As the number of dipoles in the antenna increased, the differences between the HPBWs in the xz- and yz-planes decreased.

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2

Marindra, Adi M. J., Pornanong Pongpaibool, Werayuth Wallada, and Siwaruk Siwamogsatham. "An optimized ink-reducing hollowed-out arm meander dipole antenna structure for printed RFID tags." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 2 (January 7, 2016): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001725.

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This paper presents an optimized ink-reducing meander dipole antenna structure suitable for implementing printed radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed antenna designs contain empty ink-reducing hollowed-out areas along the antenna's arms such that the resulting antennas require much less conductive ink to produce yet still achieve decent antenna performance compared with the conventional solid-arm dipole antennas. The simulation results demonstrate that when the ratio between the width of the hollowed-out areas and the width of the antenna arms is about 0.6, the resulting RFID tag experiences a slight read range performance degradation of <10%, while it offers a sizeable ink consumption reduction of almost 50%.

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3

Paredes, F., G. Zamora, S. Zufanelli, F. J. Herraiz-Martínez, J. Bonache, and F. Martín. "Recent Advances in Multiband Printed Antennas Based on Metamaterial Loading." Advances in OptoElectronics 2012 (October 22, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/968780.

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It is shown that printed antennas loaded with metamaterial resonators can be designed to exhibit multiband functionality. Two different antenna types and metamaterial loading are considered: (i) printed dipoles or monopoles loaded with open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) and (ii) meander line or folded dipole antennas loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs) or spiral resonators (SRs). In the first case, multiband operation is achieved by series connecting one or more OCSRRs within the dipole/monopole. Such resonators force opens at their positions, and by locating them at a quarter wavelength (at the required operating frequencies) from the feeding point, it is possible to achieve multiple radiation bands. In the second case, dual-band functionality is achieved through the perturbation of the antenna characteristics caused by the presence of the metamaterial resonators. This latter strategy is specially suited to achieve conjugate matching between the antenna and the chip in radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags at two of the regulated UHF-RFID bands.

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4

Liu, Xiao Lan, Jin Cai Lin, and Jin Hang Hu. "A New Electromagnetic Field Probe by Using Printed Dipole Antenna." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1877.

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This paper presents a novel Electromagnetic field (E-Field) probe structure employing a printed dipole antenna to get isotropic pattern. The printed dipole is constituted by a variety of orthogonal dipole antenna array, and it is used in the design to reduce the complexity and cost. In this paper, we stimulate the printed dipole antenna and detector diodes by software, and the results confirm the validity of the printed dipole antenna. Moreover, the directivity of antenna array depends on the location of dipole antenna. By changing some design of the antenna, the probe achieves flat frequency response in 0.1GHz-10GHz.

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5

Razumikhin, A. S., G. N. Devyatkov, K. A. Laiko, and J. O. Filimonova. "Printed broadband dipole for phased array antenna." Issues of radio electronics, no. 10 (December 16, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-10-38-45.

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The article discusses ways to increase the operating frequency band of a symmetrical broadband vibrator in printed version for a phased array antenna. The equivalent circuit of such an emitter is described. Various designs of an emitter made on a Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate with a thickness of t = 1.5 mm and εr = 2.2 and the results of electromagnetic modeling are considered. A wide working band is achieved due to the introduction of a dual-circuit system and a modified geometry of the vibrator arms. Topologies, as well as matching and directivity characteristics of three types of antennas are given. The developed antenna is intended for use in broadband systems both as a separate independent antenna and as a radiator for digital phased antenna arrays. The CST Microwave studio environment was used to simulate the emitter.

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6

Mistry, Keyur K., Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Zaharias D. Zaharis, and Tian Hong Loh. "Design and Optimization of Compact Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antennas with Extended Low-Frequency Response." Electronics 10, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172044.

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This paper initially presents an overview of different miniaturization techniques used for size reduction of printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antennas, and then continues by presenting a design of a conventional PLPDA design that operates from 0.7–8 GHz and achieves a realized gain of around 5.5 dBi in most of its bandwidth. This antenna design is then used as a baseline model to implement a novel technique to extend the low-frequency response. This is completed by replacing the longest straight dipole with a triangular-shaped dipole and by optimizing the four longest dipoles of the antenna using the Trust Region Framework algorithm in CST. The improved antenna with extended low-frequency response operates from 0.4 GHz to 8 GHz with a slightly reduced gain at the lower frequencies.

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7

Zichner, R., and R. R. Baumann. "Printed antennas: from theory to praxis, challenges and applications." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-271-2013.

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Abstract. Miniaturized, highly integrated wireless communication systems are used in many fields like logistics and mobile communications. Often multiple antenna structures are integrated in a single product. To achieve such a high level of integration the antenna structures are manufactured e.g. from flexible boards or via LDS (laser direct structuring) which allows the production of complex monopole or dipole antennas with three-dimensionally curved shapes. Main drawbacks are the sophisticated production process steps and their costs. The additive deposition of metallic inks or pastes by a printing process is an alternative manufacturing method with reduced cost. To implement such printed antennas we investigated in the fields of antenna design, simulation, printing technology and characterization. The chosen example of use was a customized dipole antenna for a Radio Frequency Identification application. The results prove the intended functionality of the printed dipole in regard to a highly cost efficient printing manufacturing.

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8

Wang, Can, and Yuehe Ge. "A Novel Broadband Printed Dipole Antenna and Its Application for TD-LTE Communications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/960963.

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Novel double-sided printed dipole antennas are proposed and investigated in this paper. Two pairs of identical T-shape metallic loadings are connected to the traditional double-sided printed dipole, enhancing the operating bandwidth. Simulations show that the proposed printed dipole without the reflecting ground plane gives a bandwidth of up to 90.7% forS11<-10 dBor 84.9% forS11<-15 dB, which is significantly greater than those of the traditional printed dipole. The proposed dipole is then applied to design a dual-polarized printed dipole antenna, mounted on a ground plane. Measurements for the prototype show a bandwidth of 68.8% forS11<-10 dB, covering the entire TD-LTE band. The gain is about 6–8 dBi and the isolation is over 24 dB over the bandwidth.

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9

Floch, Jean-Marie, Ameni Mersani, Bandar Hakim, Khaled Sedraoui, and Hatem Rmili. "Design of Dual-Band Printed-Dipole Array Antenna with Omni-directional Radiation Behaviour." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350808.

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In this paper, we present a compact array of 4 printed dipole antennas with ground plane, operating at 2.7 GHz and 5.2 GHz, designed for base station applications. First, the elementary printed dipole antenna, selected for its small size and good performances, is described. However, this kind of structures cannot cover two bands at the same time, which justify our proposal of a 4-elements network. Next, the 4-elements array is simulated, optimized, and measured to proof its performances with good agreement between the measurements and simulations. The measured gain of the 4-dipoles array is 4.21 dBi and 6.15 dBi for both operating frequencies 2.7 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively.

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10

Anim, Kyei, Bonghyuk Park, Hui Dong Lee, Seunghyun Jang, Sunwoo Kong, and Young-Bae Jung. "A Simple Printed Cross-Dipole Antenna with Modified Feeding Structure and Dual-Layer Printed Reflector for Direction Finding Systems." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175966.

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In this paper, a simple printed cross-dipole (PCD) antenna to achieve a right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) at the L/S-band for direction finding (DF) systems is presented. The radiating part of the antenna consists of two printed dipoles that interlock with each other and are mounted orthogonally on a dual-layer printed reflector. To connect the feedlines of the dipole elements to the antenna’s feed network, which is located on the backside of the reflector, a through-hole signal via (THSV) is employed as the signal interconnection instead of the mainstream approach of using coaxial bead conductor. This feeding technique provides a degree of freedom to control the impedance of the signal path between the feedlines and the feed network in the numerical simulation for improved matching conditions. The proposed THSV extending through the dual-layer printed reflector is more reliable, durable, and mechanically robust to stabilize the matching conditions of the fabricated antenna in contrast to the coaxial-based approach that is more susceptible to impedance mismatch due to solder fatigue. Thus, the proposed PCD antenna offers advantages of broadband, flexible impedance matching, and fabrication ease. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 59% (1.59–2.93 GHz), a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 57% (1.5–2.7 GHz), and a peak of 7.5 dB within the operating frequency band.

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11

Hamizah Muhamad Mokhtar, Nur, Norun Abdul Malek, Ahmad Zamani Jusoh, Khamis Ali, Farah Nadia Mohd Isa, and Farah Diyana Abdul Rahman. "Design and comparison of printed antennas using meander line technique." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.1499.

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The interest for compact antennas in wireless communication increase due to the portability and mobility of the communication devices. Generally, an antenna at low frequency exhibits in large physical size. This project investigates the design of an antenna at 400 MHz. The simulation of the antenna has been performed using CST MWS. Since medical applications are dealing with low frequency, it will lead to large size of antenna which brings a challenge for wireless personal area network (WPAN). It is well known that the antenna performance decreases (according to Chu’s equation) as the size of antenna decreases. Therefore, antenna miniaturization using Meander Line (ML) will be taking place to overcome the challenges. Thus, this paper presents a comparison between i) printed dipole antenna without meander line technique, ii) printed dipole with meander line technique and iii) printed monopole antenna with meander line technique. The results show that an estimation of reduction size by 50% can be achieved using Meander Line technique.

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12

Liu, Yung-Tao, Ting-Chih Tseng, and Kin-Lu Wong. "High-gain printed dipole antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 46, no. 3 (2005): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20948.

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13

Dey, Supriyo, C. K. Aanandan, K. A. Jose, P. Monahan, and K. G. Nair. "Wide-band printed dipole antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 4, no. 10 (September 1991): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650041014.

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14

Ben Trad, Imen, Jean Marie Floc’h, Hatem Rmili, M’hamed Drissi, and Fethi Choubani. "A Planar Reconfigurable Radiation Pattern Dipole Antenna with Reflectors and Directors for Wireless Communication Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593259.

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A planar printed dipole antenna with reflectors and directors, able to steer its radiation pattern in different directions, is proposed for telecommunication applications. Starting from a dual-beam printed dipole antenna achieved by combining two elementary dipoles back to back, and by loading four PIN diodes, three modes of reconfigurable radiation patterns are achieved at the frequency 2.56 GHz thanks to switches states. A prototype of the structure was realized and characterized; an efficiency of 75% is obtained. Simulation and measured results of the results are presented and discussed.

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15

Haraz, Osama M., Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Najeeb Al-Khalli, Saleh Alshebeili, and Abdel Razik Sebak. "Performance Investigations of Quasi-Yagi Loop and Dipole Antennas on Silicon Substrate for 94 GHz Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/105625.

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This paper introduces the design and implementation of two high gain Quasi-Yagi printed antennas developed on silicon substrate for 94 GHz imaging applications. The proposed antennas are based on either driven loop or dipole antennas fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding structure. For better matching with the driven antennas, a matching section has been added between the CPW feedline and the driven antenna element. To improve the gain of either loop or dipole antennas, a ground reflector and parasitic director elements have been added. Two Quasi-Yagi antenna prototypes based on loop and dipole antenna elements have been fabricated and experimentally tested using W-band probing station (75–110 GHz). The measured results show good agreement with simulated results and confirm that the proposed antennas are working. In addition, a feed and matching configuration is proposed to enable coupling a microbolometer element to the proposed Quasi-Yagi antenna designs for performing radiation pattern measurements.

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16

Ávila-Navarro, E., and C. Reig. "Directive Microstrip Antennas for Specific Below −2.45 GHz Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/612170.

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Microstrip printed antennas are the preferred choice in high data ratio modern communications, mainly at 2.45 GHz and above. In this paper, we propose two different approaches of microstrip printed antennas for lower frequency usage. In this sense, we present a printed microstrip Yagi-like antenna at 868 MHz and a printed dipole log-periodic antenna for wider band applications. We focus on the use of low-cost substrates, with a good performance at these frequencies, and giving antennas with useful sizes for such applications. For the analysis, we make use of standard experimental characterization combined with full-wave 3D-FDTD specifically developed simulations. In this way, the S11, radiation patterns, and gain/efficiency figures are given.

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17

Qin, Chun Lei, Ming Huang, Jing Jing Yang, Li Shen, and Ying Hong Liang. "Generation of OAM Radio Waves Using Patch Antenna." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2337.

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This paper introduces a feasible patch antenna to generate OAM-carrying radio beams. Eight identical printed dipole antennas with microstrip balun feedline are arranged in an octahedron cylindrical substrate. Every printed dipole is fed with unit amplitude but with a successive phase difference from element to element. We can change the phase difference at the steps of 0, ±45o, ±90o, and ±135o to obtain mode numbers 0, ±1, ±2, and ±3. Simulation shows that the OAM states of ±1, ±2 and-3 achieve the expected results well, while the state of +3 produce a deviation due to the radiation difference of the designed antenna element and traditional tripole antenna. Furthermore, we achieve the impedance matching of every port and increase the directivity of the antenna. Thus, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate to generate OAM in engineering.

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18

Apatsaraphom, Benjawan, Wanwisa Thaiwirot, and Prayoot Akkaraekthalin. "Comparative Study of Printed Dipole Antenna with Step-Shaped Feed Gap for DTV Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.69.

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This paper presents the comparative study of printed dipole antenna with step-shaped feed gap for DTV applications. By proper adjusting the length of arm strips, the additional resonant mode is excited close to the fundamental resonant mode which can form wide operating band. With the equal length of the strip arms of dipole antennas but different step-shaped feed gap (single, double and triple step-shaped feed gap), the single and double step-shaped feed gap can cover the 470-806 MHz band for DTV reception. The dipole antenna with triple step-shaped feed gap can cover the 470-862 MHz band. The simulated and measured results such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and gain for proposed antenna are investigated.

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19

Jin, Xiu-Hua, Xiao-Dong Huang, Chong-Hu Cheng, and Lei Zhu. "SUPER-WIDEBAND PRINTED ASYMMETRICAL DIPOLE ANTENNA." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 27 (2011): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl11090506.

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20

Sedghi, S., J. Nourinia, and Ch Ghobadi. "Printed dipole antenna for WLAN applications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 52, no. 10 (July 14, 2010): 2327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25472.

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21

Chen, Tai-Lee. "Multi-band printed sleeve dipole antenna." Electronics Letters 39, no. 1 (2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030116.

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22

Dey, Supriyo, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. G. Nair. "Novel Wide Band Printed Dipole Antenna." IETE Technical Review 10, no. 3 (May 1993): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1993.11437329.

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23

Evtioushkine, G. A., J. W. Kim, and K. S. Han. "Very wideband printed dipole antenna array." Electronics Letters 34, no. 24 (1998): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981615.

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24

Behera, A. R., and A. R. Harish. "A Novel Printed Wideband Dipole Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, no. 9 (September 2012): 4418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2207042.

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25

Zhu, XiongZhi, JinLing Zhang, Tong Cui, and ZhanQi Zheng. "A Dual-Broadband Printed Dipole Antenna for 2G/3G/4G Base Station Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (July 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4345819.

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A new dual-broadband printed dipole antenna for base station applications is proposed in this communication. This antenna has three different dipoles with the same feed point and an extra parasitic strip. The two arms of the three dipoles are printed on opposite sides of the substrate and symmetrical on the centerline, but the parasitic strip at the end of the dipole is just put on one side. Besides, a U-shaped reflector is designed at the bottom of the antenna to realize good radiation characteristics in the working frequency. The simulated and measured results show good agreement. The two studied bands are both broadened which, respectively, achieve 36.7% (690–1000MHz) and 47.3% (1710–2770MHz) for the lower and higher bands so as to satisfy the 2G/3G/4G wireless communication, and the corresponding gains of 4-5dBi and 5-6dBi are also obtained.

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26

Hamza, Syed M., Farooq A. Tahir, and Hammad M. Cheema. "A high-gain inkjet-printed UWB LPDA antenna on paper substrate." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000829.

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An ultra-wideband (UWB) log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna inkjet-printed on a 0.5 mm thick photo paper substrate is presented. The overall size of the LPDA antenna is 130 × 60 mm2. The LPDA antenna exhibits stable input-impedance characteristics and a consistent end-fire radiation pattern over the whole operating band of 2.2–11 GHz. Fulfilling the need of high-gain flexible antennas for UWB, a highly directive measured gain of 9.5 dBi on a paper substrate makes it an excellent candidate for flexible wireless devices.

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27

Kim, InMu, Ji Hun Yuk, and Sung-Hoon Choa. "Stretchable 5 GHz Dipole Antenna Using Silver Composite Material." Science of Advanced Materials 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3668.

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A highly stretchable small-size 5 GHz dipole antenna is presented for wearable and mobile applications. A stretchable dipole antenna was fabricated using conductive polymer composite material composed of Ag flake filler and polyester binder. The dipole antenna was printed on a stretchable polyurethane substrate using a simple and inexpensive screen-printing technique. The stretchability and durability of the dipole antenna were evaluated by the stretching and cyclic stretching tests. The stretchable dipole antenna showed excellent stretchability and RF performances up to a tensile strain of 25%. The stretchable dipole antenna also exhibited outstanding mechanical durability in the 10,000-cycle cyclic stretching endurance tests.

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28

Teju, V., P. V. P. S Nikhil, A. Pranusha, Ch Divya, and G. Bhanuprakash. "Printed dipole antenna and its arrays for wireless applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.11432.

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This paper proposes single element of micro-stripe antenna having wider bandwidth and also its arrays which are implemented for wire-less applications. In contemplation of wide frequency range of operation, antenna is fed with integrated balun. The single element antenna works under frequency range of 34GHz to 46GHz where reflection loss is less than -10dB and the obtained gain is 2.1 dBi. The linear 8-element array of antenna has been implemented and to obtain low mutual coupling between the elements of antenna a rectangular stub has been implemented. By enforcing the array methodology the not only the overall gain of the antenna has increased but also results in wider scanning angle.

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29

Knott, Peter. "Design of a Printed Dipole Antenna Array for a Passive Radar System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/179296.

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Passive radar (or Passive Coherent Localisation) is an advancing technology for covert operation. The signal transmitted from sources of opportunity such as radio or TV stations is used as illumination for a certain area of interest. Part of the transmitted signal is reflected by radar targets, for example, moving objects such as vehicles or aircraft. Typical radar parameters are derived from the comparison between the direct line-of-sight from the transmitter and the signal scattered from the target object. Such systems are an attractive addition to existing active radar stations because they have the potential to discover low-flying and low-observable targets and no active radar transmitter is required. Printed dipole antennas are very attractive antenna elements for such systems because of their easy fabrication, low-cost, polarisation purity, and low-profile properties. The present paper describes the design of an antenna array using printed dipole elements with flared arms for a passive radar system operating in the GSM900 frequency range. Isolated antenna elements and a small uniform linear antenna array were designed and optimised using computational electromagnetic methods. Several prototypes have been fabricated on conventional microwave PCB substrate material. Preliminary measurement results for antenna matching and far-field radiation patterns are shown.

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30

Abu, Maisarah, and Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim. "TRIPLE-BAND PRINTED DIPOLE ANTENNA FOR RFID." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 9 (2009): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc09070703.

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31

Nishimura, Kazuo, and Makoto Tsutsumi. "Optical control of the printed dipole antenna." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 78, no. 10 (October 1995): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420781005.

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32

Chen, H. M., J. M. Chen, P. S. Cheng, and Y. F. Lin. "Feed for dual-band printed dipole antenna." Electronics Letters 40, no. 21 (2004): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20046360.

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33

Romero-Castro, Mario, Mario Reyes-Ayala, Edgar Alejandro Andrade-Gonzalez, Nicolas Reyes-Ayala, and Hilario Terres-Peña. "Broadband Printed Modified Dipole for Personal Communication Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 19 (January 13, 2021): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2020.19.26.

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In this paper a modified printed dipole is proposed for mobile terminals operating in the first band of Personal Communication System (PCS) that is ranging from 800 to 900 MHz. One of the most important features of this kind of antenna is its wide bandwidth as required in the mentioned band. The modified design of the proposed antenna allows the user to move in any direction as is usual in mobile communications. The results of this article include an analytical design, simulations that have been performed numerically using a Finite Element Method (FEM) computational tool, structure optimization in order to maximize the antenna bandwidth and experimental measurements with the aim of spatial evaluating of electromagnetic radiated fields.

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34

So, Kwok, Kwai Luk, Chi Chan, and Ka Chan. "3D Printed High Gain Complementary Dipole/Slot Antenna Array." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081410.

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By employing the complementary dipole antenna concept to the normal waveguide fed slot radiator, an improved antenna element with wide impedance bandwidth and symmetrical radiation patterns is developed. This is achieved by mounting two additional metallic cuboids on the top of the slot radiator, which is equivalent to adding an electric dipole on top of the magnetic dipole due to the slot radiator. Then, a high-gain antenna array was designed based on the improved element and fabricated, using 3D printing technology, with stable frequency characteristics operated at around 28 GHz. This was followed by metallization via electroplating. Analytical results agree well with the experimental results. The measured operating frequency range for the reflection coefficient ≤−15 dB is from 25.7 GHz to 29.8 GHz; its corresponding fractional impedance bandwidth is 14.8%. The measured gain is approximately 32 dBi, with the 3 dB beamwidth around 4°.

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35

Gahley, Ruchi, and Banani Basu. "A Time Modulated Printed Dipole Antenna Array for Beam Steering Application." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3687293.

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This paper presents time modulated beam steered antenna array without phase shifters. The beam steering is analyzed considering a two-element time modulated antenna array (TMAA) of printed dipoles with microstrip via-hole balun. The proposed array resonates at the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio bands, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and offers wide bandwidth inherited due to modified structure of ground plane. Array elements are excited by complex exponential excitation signal through broadband power divider and radio frequency (RF) switches to achieve amplitude and phase variation without phase shifters. Differential Evolution algorithm is used to modify the time sequences of the RF switches connected to the antennas to generate radiation pattern with optimum dynamic efficiency by suppressing sideband radiations. Also switch-on time instant of RF switch connected to the subsequent element is modulated to steer the beam towards different directions. The proposed prototype is fabricated followed by parametric optimization. The fabrication results agree significantly well with simulated results.

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Díaz de León-Zapata, Ramón, Gabriel González, Efrén Flores-García, Ángel Gabriel Rodríguez, and Francisco Javier González. "Evolutionary Algorithm Geometry Optimization of Optical Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3156702.

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Printed circuit antennas have been used for the detection of electromagnetic radiation at a wide range of frequencies that go from radio frequencies (RF) up to optical frequencies. The design of printed antennas at optical frequencies has been done by using design rules derived from the radio frequency domain which do not take into account the dispersion of material parameters at optical frequencies. This can make traditional RF antenna design not suitable for optical antenna design. This work presents the results of using a genetic algorithm (GA) for obtaining an optimized geometry (unconventional geometries) that may be used as optical regime antennas to capture electromagnetic waves. The radiation patterns and optical properties of the GA generated geometries were compared with the conventional dipole geometry. The characterizations were conducted via finite element method (FEM) computational simulations.

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Jingjian, Huang, Zhang Xiaofa, Xie Shaoyi, Wu Weiwei, and Yuan Naichang. "Suppression of Cross-Polarization of the Microstrip Integrated Balun-Fed Printed Dipole Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/765891.

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The high cross-polarization of the microstrip integrated balun-fed printed dipole antenna cannot meet the demands of many engineering applications. This kind of antennas has high cross-polarization levels (about −20 dB). And we find that the high cross-polarization radiation is mainly produced by the microstrip integrated balun rather than the dipole itself. The very limited method to lower the cross-polarization level of this kind of antennas is to reduce the substrate thickness. In this paper, to improve the low cross-polarized performance, firstly, an equivalent model is presented to analyze the cross-polarization radiation. Secondly, a novel structure with low cross-polarization is proposed. The microstrip integrated balun is enclosed by a center slotted cavity. The E-field of the microstrip integrated balun is transformed parallel to the dipole arms by the slot, so the radiation of the cross-polarized component is suppressed. Measured results show that this structure can achieve a bandwidth wider than 40% while reducing the cross-polarization level to less than −35 dB within the frequency band.

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Zhai, Guohua, Yong Cheng, Qiuyan Yin, Shouzheng Zhu, and Jianjun Gao. "Uniplanar Millimeter-Wave Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Fed by Coplanar Waveguide." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/430618.

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A uniplanar millimeter-wave broadband printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) is introduced. This proposed structure consists of several active dipole elements, feeding lines, parallel coupled line, and the CPW, which are etched on a single metallic layer of the substrate. The parallel coupled line can be optimized to act as a transformer between the CPW and the PLPDA antenna. Meanwhile, this transform performs the task of a balun to achieve a wideband, low cost, low loss, simple directional antenna. The uniplanar nature makes the antenna suitable to be integrated into modern printed communication circuits, especially the monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMIC). The antenna has been carefully examined and measured to present the return loss, far-field patterns, and antenna gain.

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Fu, Wei Long, Jin Cai Lin, and Bin Li. "A Design of the Detection End Antenna with the Structure of Double Layers Printed Dipole." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1543.

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This paper examines a new measure of the detection end antenna model designed to the frequency-selective level,broadband electric-field probe.It is based on double layers printed dipole which overcomes the difficulties found in the prototype transfer-standard electric-field probe which put forward by NBS in 1986.The difficulty of fabracation is fallen and it realize the performance of the standard E-field probe using traditional single layer structure dipoles.It is much easier to fix the antenna.The main theme of the paper is to extend the utilization of the double layers printed antenna using the theory of resistively tapered dipole for broadband E-field probe’s antenna.This double layeres printed dipole element allow a analysis of gain frequency response curve flat within 0-2.5dB from 11.8GHz to 15.2GHz,and obtain a stable isotropic response.

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Anim, Kyei, and Young-Bae Jung. "Shortened Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna Using Printed Dual-Band Dipole Elements." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 12 (December 2018): 6762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2874710.

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Yang, Zhou, Huang Jingjian, Wu Weiwei, and Yuan Naichang. "A Printed LPDA Antenna Fed by a Microstrip Line to Double Sided Parallel Strip Line from Backside." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6259682.

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A novel planar printed log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna fed by tapered microstrip line (MSL) to double sided parallel strip line (DSPSL) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna adopts MSL feeding approach from backside. Using this feeding technique makes the printed LPDA antenna easier to be integrated into radio frequency (RF) circuits. In this paper, four layers are used to construct the antenna. The four layers of the printed LPDA antenna are printed on three thin dielectric substrates which are integrated together. To validate this approach, a printed LPDA antenna is simulated and fabricated for operating in the S and C bands (2.5–6 GHz). The antenna showed a good result over the whole frequency range with 2 : 1 VSWR, an average gain of 6.5 dB, and stable radiation patterns. The measured results are in very good agreement with simulations.

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42

Shah, Syed, and Sungjoon Lim. "Microfluidically Frequency-Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092935.

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In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is proposed by leveraging the properties of microfluidic technology. The proposed antenna comprises a metal-printed driven dipole element and three directors. To tune resonant frequencies, microfluidic channels are integrated into the driven element. To maintain a high gain for all the tuned frequencies, microfluidic channels are also integrated into the directors. Therefore, the length of the driven-element as well as directors can be controlled by injecting liquid metal in the microfluidic channels. The proposed antenna has the capability of tuning the frequency by varying the length of the metal-filled channels, while maintaining a high gain for all the tuned frequencies. The proposed antenna’s performance is experimentally demonstrated after fabrication. The injected amount of liquid metal into the microfluidic channels is controlled using programmable pneumatic micropumps. The prototype exhibits continuous tuning of the resonant frequencies from 1.8 GHz to 2.4 GHz; the measured peak gain of the proposed antenna is varied in the range of 8 dBi to 8.5 dBi. Therefore, continuous tuning with high gain is successfully demonstrated using liquid-metal-filled microfluidic channels.

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Lin, Shu, Shan Luan, Yudie Wang, Xiao Luo, Xue Han, Xing-Qi Zhang, Yu Tian, and Xin-Yue Zhang. "A PRINTED LOG-PERIODIC TREE-DIPOLE ANTENNA (PLPTDA)." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 21 (2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm11080109.

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Wang, F. J., and J. S. Zhang. "Wideband Printed Dipole Antenna for Multiple Wireless Services." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 21, no. 11 (January 1, 2007): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939307782000389.

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Xiao, J. X., X. X. Yang, G. P. Gao, and J. S. Zhang. "Double-printed U-shape Ultra-wideband Dipole Antenna." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, no. 8-9 (January 2008): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939308784158832.

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Lindberg, P., E. Öjefors, Z. Barna, A. Thornell-Pers, and A. Rydberg. "Dual wideband printed dipole antenna with integrated balun." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 1, no. 3 (2007): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map:20050286.

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Khalifa, M., L. Khashan, H. Badawy, and Fawzy Ibrahim. "Broadband Printed-Dipole Antenna for 4G/5G Smartphones." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1447 (January 2020): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1447/1/012049.

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Qudrat-E-Maula, Mohammad, Lotfollah Shafai, and Zahra A. Pour. "A Corrugated Printed Dipole Antenna With Equal Beamwidths." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 3 (March 2014): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2295598.

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Chen, Guan-Yu, and Jwo-Shiun Sun. "A printed dipole antenna with microstrip tapered balun." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 40, no. 4 (2004): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.11374.

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Su, Saou-Wen, and Kin-Lu Wong. "Printed band-notched ultra-wideband quasi-dipole antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, no. 3 (2006): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.21368.

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