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Journal articles on the topic 'Printers, German'
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1
Anderson, Emily R. "Printing the Bespoke Book." Nuncius 35, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 536–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03503005.
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Abstract In 1482, Erhard Ratdolt, a prominent German printer in Venice, issued the editio princeps of Euclid’s Elements. Ratdolt experimented with the new technology of printing to overcome the difficulty in arranging geometric diagrams alongside the text. This article examines the materials and techniques that Ratdolt used in his edition of Elements including his use of vellum, gold printing, and illumination for special copies as well as his use of woodcuts, movable type, and metal-cast diagrams. Significantly, the legacy of Ratdolt’s innovations continued almost one hundred years later in subsequent editions of Elements. In 1572, Camillo Francischini printed Federico Commandino’s Latin translation and commentary, and today, there are at least two surviving copies of this edition printed on blue paper. Both printers, Ratdolt and Francischini, used the printing press to produce unique and bespoke books using material and visual cues from luxury objects like illuminated manuscripts. These case studies of Euclid’s Elements brings together the fields of art history, history of the book, and the history of geometry, and analyzes the myriad ways that printers employed the printing press in the early modern period to elevate and modernize ancient, mathematical texts.
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Reich, Philip. "Tradierende Drucker." Daphnis 47, no. 3-4 (October 4, 2019): 380–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04703014.
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The late medieval chess books developed a specific iconographic programm. In the transfer to the incunabula by some printers of southwest Germany (Zainer, Knoblochtzer, Schönsperger), a ‘material tradition’ and a specific behaviour towards traditions is obvious. Moreover, the picture of the deviant eighth pawn is combined with the Low-German parody text Der Boiffen Orden and fool’s literature.
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Waterschoot, Werner. "Jan van der Noot among English and German Printers." Quaerendo 42, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341251.
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Rose, Stephen. "The Mechanisms of the Music Trade in Central Germany, 1600–40." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 130, no. 1 (2005): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/fki004.
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AbstractOne of the main challenges facing early printers and publishers of music was how to distribute their products to a dispersed, niche market. At the start of the seventeenth century there were two principal routes of dissemination in German-speaking lands: the general book trade (including the fairs at Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig) and the composer's own initiatives (whether via presentation copies, or via self-publication as pursued by Michael Praetorius, Johann Hermann Schein and Heinrich Schütz). This article traces the transactions by which music was disseminated, examines the range of music available through the book trade, and asks how booksellers and musicians negotiated the market for printed music.
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Valkema Blouw, Paul. "Printers to the 'arch-heretic' David Joris Prolegomena to a bibliography of his works." Quaerendo 21, no. 3 (1991): 163–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006991x00183.
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AbstractDespite the increased interest in all aspects of the Radical Reformation we are still in need of a bibliography of David Joris which might satisfy reasonable requirements. A. van der Linde's book, which presented itself as such over a century ago, is imprecise and not unnaturally entirely out of date. A new version would thus fulfil an obvious need. The reasons for which it has not yet been undertaken must be sought in the complication created by the fact that the hundreds of writings all appeared without an imprint. The dates, if indeed any are given, generally apply to the composition of the text and only coincide exceptionally with the often considerably later year of publication. All we can conclude from historical sources is that a number of his tracts were published in Deventer in about 1540 by Albert Pafraet and Dirk (II) van den Borne. In order to determine who dared to work for the arch-heretic (or, after his death, for later followers of his teaching) it is impossible to avoid a bibliographical analysis. In this manner we find the names of various of his printers and, from the years of their activity, we can deduce sufficient indications to date the publication of the writings within certain limits. This investigation shows that the first were indeed printed in Deventer, the very earliest being a treatise which has so far been ascribed to the Anabaptist Bernhard Rothmann. Thereafter David Joris gave orders for his works to be printed alternately in Antwerp, to Adriaen van Berghen, and in Deventer. After he had left for Basel he briefly applied to the services of two printers in the German-speaking area until he discovered a permanent supplier in the future university printer Ludwig Dietz in Rostock. The sectarian's death and his posthumous execution in 1559 were succeeded by a few decades of silence in the camp of his followers. In 1584, however, an edition of the Wonderboeck, entirely revised by the author, appeared and was soon followed by a series of other publications. Much previously unpublished work proved to have remained in the possession of David Joris's family. The printer, as he himself was later to admit, was Dirk Mullem in Rotterdam. When his activities came to an end in the last years of the century, other publishers took over the task.
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Tang, Tao, Julia Hurraß, Richard Gminski, and Volker Mersch-Sundermann. "Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers as indoor air contaminants in German offices." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19, no. 9 (November 18, 2011): 3840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0647-5.
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Johnston, Sky Michael. "Printing the Weather: Knowledge, Nature, and Popular Culture in Two Sixteenth-Century German Weather Books." Renaissance Quarterly 73, no. 2 (2020): 391–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2020.1.
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This article analyzes two vernacular German books that offered learned guidance for how to use natural observation as a means of gaining knowledge of the weather. Published a combined seventy-seven times throughout the sixteenth century, the “Wetterbüchlein” (Weather booklet) and “Bauern Practica” (Peasants’ practica) were commercially successful and widely circulated. Printers marketed the books as being accessible to anyone and reinforced that claim in the paratextual features of the books. In text and image, these books promoted the idea that even common people could participate in the production of knowledge based on the proper observation of nature.
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Lamal, Nina. "A Transnational Newspaper Venture. Publishing an Italian Newspaper in Habsburg Vienna (1671-1700)." Quaerendo 49, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 228–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341448.
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Abstract This article examines for the first time Il Corriere Ordinario, an Italian-language newspaper which appeared bi-weekly between 1671 and 1723 in Vienna. This specific newspaper title is remarkable because it was published in the Italian language in a predominantly German-speaking city. The two printers responsible for producing this periodical had recently migrated to Vienna from the Habsburg Low Countries. Despite recent advances in scholarship, acknowledging the importance of international news flows, foreign language newspaper ventures such as Il Corriere Ordinario have hitherto been largely ignored. This article investigates why this newspaper was printed in Vienna and argues that it was intended both for a local and international Italian(ate) audience. As a semi-official news bulletin of the imperial Habsburg government, it publicised foreign political news of its allies and became a useful tool in the fight against French propaganda. Using the case of this remarkable newspaper, I will demonstrate why and how political information moved across state and linguistic borders.
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Freudenthal, Gad. "Court Jews, Printers, Book Publishing, and the Beginning of the Haskalah in the German Lands: The Life History of the Wulffian Printing Press as a Case-Study." European Journal of Jewish Studies 12, no. 1 (April 5, 2018): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11211040.
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Abstract This article presents the history of a printing press that operated at several places near Berlin during the first half of the eighteenth century, culminating in the epoch-making reprinting of Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed in 1742. The press was established in Dessau in 1694 by the court Jew Moses Wulff (1661–1729), and was run by several printers, notably the convert Israel b. Abraham (fl. 1715–1752). Using the trajectory of the Wulff press as a case study, I examine the relations between scholars, patrons of learning (especially court Jews), printers, and book publishing. The inquiry will highlight the considerable role that court Jews played in shaping the Jewish bookshelf, notably by choosing which books (reprints and original) would be funded. Surprisingly perhaps, although court Jews were in continuous contact with the environing culture, they did not usually favor the printing of non-traditional Jewish works that would favor a rapprochement.
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Haxen, Ulf G. "Rom – den hebraiske bogs vugge." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 56 (March 3, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v56i0.118929.
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Ulf G. Haxen: Rome – Cradle of the Hebrew Book
The Royal Library in Copenhagen has, throughout the twentieth century, received two substantial collections of Hebraica and Judaica. In 1933 the library acquired the private library of chief rabbi and professor David Simonsen, which amounted to an impressive 40,000 manuscripts, books and correspondence of scholarly importance. Dr. Lazarus Goldschmidt escaped Nazi Germany in 1938 and managed to bring his 2,500 volumes of Hebraica and Judaica, including 43 immaculate and well preserved incunables, safely to London. His entire collection of rare Hebrew books was purchased by the Royal Library for a moderate sum in 1949 because Goldschmidt was “honoured to have his books incorporated in Bibliotheca Simonseniana.”Both scholars were recognised authorities in their own right, Simonsen as philologist in Semitics and specialist in Jewish booklore, and Goldschmidt as a renowned bibliophile and connoisseur of 15th century Hebraic incunables. His 46 rare incunables were eventually listed in Victor Madsen’s catalogue of incunables (1935–1963).The art of printing was born c.1455 in Mainz (Germany) with Johan Gutenberg’s printed edition of the bible. Among scholars it was generally believed that migrating Christian and Jewish apprentices carried the revolutionising “black art” of printing from Mainz to Spain and Italy. Coincidentally enough, the first two dated Hebrew works appeared in print thirty years after Gutenberg in the exact same year in southern and northern Italy respectively: these being the Rashi commentary on the Jewish bible issued 17th February 1475 in Reggia di Calabria and printed by Abraham Garton ben Isaac, and the Arba’ah turim in Piove di Sacco near Venezia published by Meshullam Cusi on 3rd July 1475.These two books were for a long time considered to be the first books printed with Hebrew types. The famous Christian scholar of Hebraica, Giambernardo de Rossi, who was the fortunate owner of the allegedly “first” cradle book from Reggia, subsequently published the first census of Hebrew incunables in Annales hebraica-typographica saeculi XV (1795). The scene was thus set for the future scholarly research of the undated incunables labelled “Roma, ante 1480” (Rome, before 1480) by de Rossi. The present essay discusses five of these incunables, all of which are described in Victor Madsen’s catalogue as printed in “Roma, ante 1480”; an approximated date which needs correcting. David Simonsen refers in passing to “the three printers of Rome” viz. Obadiah, Menasseh and Benjamin, as supposedly having been active in a printing press in Rome. The incunable with Salomon ben Abraham ibn Aderet (Raschba) Teschubot sche’elot. (“Answers to Questions”) dated “before 1980” is a case in point (#4332 in Victor Madsen’s catalogue), furnished with an earlier approximate publishing date c.1469–1472 no. 55 in the Offenberg census (1990) and eventually with REX online catalogue Inc. Haun in 2015.The best known printing press in Rome was created by the two German printers Conrad Sweynheym & Arnold Pannartz who established their first workshop at Santa Scolastica at Subiaco in the Sabine Mountains outside Rome in 1464, where they published several unique Latin works and introduced a Greek typeface. In 1467 they moved the press to the city of Rome in order to get closer to the reading and profitable public. In 1467 they moved the press to Rome in order to get closer to their reading public – and their profits. Here they were privileged to be housed in Palazzo Massimo by the proprietors Pietro and Francesco Massimo. What is more, they began working under the patronage of the respected humanist Giovanni Andrea Bussi, who was editor in charge.It is safe to conjecture that the Hebrew press was born in this milieu, as indeed suggested by Edwin Hall: “… a casual remark of Bussi in the preface to the Latin Bible hints at a possible connection between Sweynheym and Pannartz and what are thought to be the earliest printed books in Hebrew. These books, which contain no indication of date or place of printing, are the work of obscure printers named Obadiah, Manasseh, and Benjamin de Roma and constitute the most primitive surviving examples of printing in Italy.”I thank Dr. Ann Brener, Specialist in the Hebraic Section at the Library of Congress for supplying additional bibliographic references.
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Weichselbaumer, Nikolaus, Mathias Seuret, Saskia Limbach, Rui Dong, Manuel Burghardt, and Vincent Christlein. "New Approaches to OCR for Early Printed Books." DigItalia 15, no. 2 (December 2020): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36181/digitalia-00015.
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Books printed before 1800 present major problems for OCR. One of the main obstacles is the lack of diversity of historical fonts in training data. The OCR-D project, consisting of book historians and computer scientists, aims to address this deficiency by focussing on three major issues. Our first target was to create a tool that identifies font groups automatically in images of historical documents. We concentrated on Gothic font groups that were commonly used in German texts printed in the 15th and 16th century: the well-known Fraktur and the lesser known Bastarda, Rotunda, Textura und Schwabacher. The tool was trained with 35,000 images and reaches an accuracy level of 98%. It can not only differentiate between the above-mentioned font groups but also Hebrew, Greek, Antiqua and Italic. It can also identify woodcut images and irrelevant data (book covers, empty pages, etc.). In a second step, we created an online training infrastructure (okralact), which allows for the use of various open source OCR engines such as Tesseract, OCRopus, Kraken and Calamari. At the same time, it facilitates training for specific models of font groups. The high accuracy of the recognition tool paves the way for the unprecedented opportunity to differentiate between the fonts used by individual printers. With more training data and further adjustments, the tool could help to fill a major gap in historical research.
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Lieberman, Ronald. "Flying Leaves and One-Sheets: Pennsylvania German Broadsides, Fraktur and Their Printers. Russell Earnest , Corinne Earnest , Edward L. Rosenberry." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 100, no. 2 (June 2006): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.100.2.24293674.
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Mester, Béla. "The Scriptures in Hungarian in Early Modernity." European Review 23, no. 3 (June 2, 2015): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000101.
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This paper offers an overview of the Hungarian translations of the Scriptures, printed in the sixteenth century. Both the translation of the Bible and print culture date from the fifteenth century in Hungary, but printing in Hungarian is a phenomenon of the sixteenth century. Before then, Scriptural chapters, translated by Hungarian Hussites and Minorite monks remained in manuscript, and the print of the Renaissance royal court served the needs of the humanist Latin literature. First, this paper will describe the development of the principles of translations from the cautious solutions of the Erasmian contributor of the first book printed in Hungarian, Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Kraków, 1535), to the conceptions of the well-organized Calvinist group of scholars that edited the first complete Hungarian Bible (1590). In the analysis of the terminology this paper will focus on the expressions of the divine and earthly power, in the context of the history of political ideas of the same epoch. The history of the early printed Scriptures in Hungarian runs parallel to the gradual enlargement of the earthly power in early modern Hungarian political thought, under the conditions of the Turkish occupation, Hapsburg Catholicism, and the special status of Transylvania. In the history of religion, the dominant strain of the Hungarian Reformation turned from Luther to Calvin, with the most important Hungarian publishing house at the time being that of the Unitarians in Transylvania. This change greatly influenced the development of the Hungarian theoretical culture. For instance, the main destination of peregrinatio academica of Hungarians turned from Wittenberg to the universities of the Netherlands, and the Hungarian printers finally opted for the Humanist Antiqua instead of the German Frakturschrift. The second part of the paper will illustrate this process with examples of the typography of the sixteenth-century Hungarian Scriptures, and of their target audiences.
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Taczała, J., W. Czepułkowska, B. Konieczny, J. Sokołowski, M. Kozakiewicz, and P. Szymor. "Comparison of 3D printing MJP and FDM technology in dentistry." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 101 (January 1, 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9504.
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Purpose: Many printers are tempting at low prices, but later their accuracy turns out to be insufficient. The study has included checking the accuracy of printing and reproducing details of 3D printers used in dental technology and dentistry such as MultiJet Printing (ProJet MP3000, 3D Systems) and Fused Deposition Modelling (Inspire S2000, Tiertime). Design/methodology/approach: The 3D prints were created from scans of the maxillary gypsum model with the loss of left premolar. In the test, objects were set to the X and Y-axis. In order to check the dimensional differences after printing, scans of the printed models were superimposed on scans of the plaster model in the GOM Inspect V8 SR1 (Braunschweig, Germany). The focus was on the distance of scans from each other and a deviation map was created for each object. Findings: The average absolute value of deviations for each of models were equalled: FDMfor X-axis 0.06 ± 0.04 mm, for Y-axis 0.07 ± 0.04 mm; MJP- for X-axis- 0.04 ± 0.02 mm, for Y-axis- 0.06 ± 0.02 mm. A chart of arithmetic averages calculated for each tooth for the best printouts in each series show that higher deviation values exist in case of FDM printout. The models printed in the X-axis have smaller values of deviations from those printed in the Y-axis. Practical implications: MultiJet Printing technology can be used to create more precise models than the FDM, but these printouts meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy too. Originality/value: CAD / CAM technology in the future will exist in every dental technology laboratory so it is important to be aware of the way the 3D printers works. By paying attention to the quality of detail reproduction, a Dental Technician is able to choose the best 3D printer for them.
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Holešová, Anna. "Baroque religious pilgrimages and decorations of printed pilgrimage guides." Roczniki Biblioteczne 64 (April 6, 2021): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0080-3626.64.5.
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Pilgrimage guides belong to the most widely published types of religious literature in Bohemia and Moravia in the 17th and 18th centuries. During this period Baroque religiosity grew stronger and the Catholic Church sought to consolidate its position in the country, which inclined to the ideas of the Reformation. Religious pilgrimages, festivities and ceremonies along with the worship of saints and faith in miracles, served as promotional tools of the Catholic faith. In order to spread Marian Piety, Czech and Moravian printers published works written by the representatives of church elites. In their works they dealt with the history of pilgrimage sites related to the Virgin Mary. The prints were published in Latin and German. In addition to the treatise about the pilgrimage sites and miraculous healings, they included prayers, songs and recommendations as to how to behave during a pilgrimage. It was not only the text component which the reader found interesting; he/she was also impressed by the graphic design of the print. The book decoration consisted of vignettes, friezes, typographic ornaments, lines or clichés, which fulfi lled an aesthetic and practical function. The customers’ interest was stimulated by copper engraving illustrations and Baroque allegorical frontispieces depicting a Marian statue and miracle picture or by depiction of the concrete pilgrimage site in the form of a veduta. The authors included some of the important Czech illustrators and engravers who collaborated with famous foreign artists.
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Dolgodrova, Tatiana A. "German Editions of the “Formula of Concord” of the 16th century in the Collection of the Russian State Library." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-4-375-382.
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The author considers the publications of the “Formula of Concord” (lat. Formula Concordiae), one of the principal symbolic books of Lutheranism. For the first time the article reveals part of the collections of the Russian State Library (RSL), containing within the displaced cultural values ten editions of the “Formula of Concord” in German, the first of them (Dresden, 1580, Shtekel and Berg Printers) is presented in four copies. The article traces the entire history of the monument, which is equal by dogmatic significance to the “Augsburg Confession” — the earliest exposition of the doctrinal statements of Lutheranism. “Book of Concord” was supposed to stop the strife between Orthodox Gnesiolutherans and Pro-Calvinist Melanchthonists that arose after Luther’s death, when his friend and associate Philip Melanchthon, inclined to Calvinism, became the head of Lutherans. In matters of faith, he showed pliability, which provoked conflicts. Jacob Andreae became the author of the concise version of Concordia. Martin Chemnitz took over the editorship of the article “On Free Will”, and David Khitreus, who was involved in the issues of Communion, joined the work. The first version of the “Formula of Concord” was completed in the summer of 1576 in the city of Torgau, where Elector Augustus of Saxony convened the theological Convention. After receiving comments and minor amendments, the document was solemnly signed in Berg on May 29, 1577.The author analyses the composition of the book. The original version in 12 articles was written in German, and then translated into Latin by Lucas Osiander. However, the desire to unite all Lutheran churches under the auspices of the new symbol did not succeed — the “Formula of Concord” received Church’s recognition only in the electorates of Saxony and some other areas.The study of all ten copies of “Concordia” from the RSL leads to the conclusion that this almost complete collection of all published editions of “Formula of Concord” gives a largely comprehensive view of them: demonstrates borrowings, imitations of the first edition (Dresden, 1580), as well as features and innovations of individual publications. Some of them are unique, for example, the personal copy of the Saxon elector Augustus or the illuminated copy belonged to the Dukes of Saxony. The article may be of interest to art historians, book historians, source researchers and museum workers.
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Freudenthal, Gad. "Court Jews, Printers, Book Publishing, and the Beginning of the Haskalah in the German Lands: The Life History of the Wulffian Printing Press as a Case-Study. Appendix B." European Journal of Jewish Studies 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11221040.
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Tsapaeva, Sabina. "Reynke Vosz de olde (Rostock, 1539) in context of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in the 15th–16th century." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 26 (December 31, 2014): 174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.26.11tsa.
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The present article discusses the beast epic Reynke Vosz de olde (Rostock, 1539) in context of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in the 15th–16th century. Emphasis falls on the comparison of the two particularly important Middle Low German editions of the widely-known epic against the socio-historical background in Northern Germany in the Late Middle Ages. This paper proposes to make a contribution to the field of research of the Middle Low German Reynke de Vos tradition in general but primarily examines the printed Reynke Vosz de olde edition from 1539. For this latter purpose the Reynke Vosz de olde text is compared with the 1498 pretext from the Poppy Printer, the Mohnkopf printing house, in a number of respects: typography and illustrations, construction of the book, division in books and chapters, versification, different tendencies in the commentary parts etc. The 1539 Reynke Vosz de olde edition is filtered for tendencies in textual innovations and structural changes as distinct to prototype text as well as motivation and intention cues for those. Further questions like the importance of the quotation analysis of the marginal gloss notes and of the critical question on the glossator’s identity will be highlighted and discussed.
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Pochapska, Oksana. "The formation of the agenda by the periodical editions in 1943 (based on the analysis of the newspapers “Azovskyi Visnyk”, “Bobrynetskyi Holos”, “Buh”, “Vidrodzhennia”)." Synopsis: Text Context Media 27, no. 1 (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2021.1.3.
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The current trends in the development of the Ukrainian and world society indicate the need to develop a unified strategy of national information borders protection. The work of the Soviet and German propaganda schools is the basis for the formation of the concept of information protection at different levels of society: from media policy to the development of information coverage and development the main vector in public policy. Today Ukraine is in a state of hybrid warfare and should not only protect its own information space, so the study of the peculiarities of agenda-setting by Pro-German periodical editions on the territory of Ukraine in 1943, when Ukraine was in a state of war, is relevant today. The subject of the study is the features of the agenda by pro-German printed periodical editions in the territory of Ukraine during 1943 (“Bulletin of Azov”, “Bobrynetsky Voice”, “Bug” and “Renaissance”). The purpose of the study was to analyze the peculiarities of the agenda formation in the 1943 by Pro-German printed periodical editions. The research methods are thematic analysis and content analysis. Results. To form a system of the audience’s necessary reactions to certain facts, events, phenomena, analyzed pro-German publications published in Ukraine in 1943, formulated a clear agenda, where the most important (central) role was of reports about the achievements of German troops, and about the economic and cultural development of Germany. The overall narrative was created on the basis of contrast, which allowed not just to actively show the advantages of Germany, but to emphasize on the shortcomings of the administrative activities of the USSR as much as possible. In addition to criticizing the actions of the Soviet authorities, German propaganda used the technique of approaching information in time and space, explaining to the audience that working in Germany is a way to gain new experience, to support the development of Ukrainian culture – a priority for the German leadership, etc. The agenda catered to negativization of the image of the Jews as an ethnicity.
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Wensing, Michael. "Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers as indoor air contaminants in German offices, Tao Tang, Julia Hurraß, Richard Gminski, Volker Mersch-Sundermann (2011) Environ Sci Pollut Res; DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0647-5." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19, no. 9 (April 14, 2012): 4233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0889-x.
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Roelofsen, Mathijs. "La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée: Fight Book and Commercial Product." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-005.
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La Noble Science des Joueurs d’Espée (originally La Noble Science des Ioueurs Despee) is a fight book printed in 1538 by Willem Vorsterman, a local printer in Antwerp. Printed in several exemplars, the book is the French translation of a German fencing treatise written by Andre Paurnfeindt, which itself was first published in Vienna in 1516. The study of Vorsterman’s edition shows several errors were made in recreating Paurnfeindt’s work, including inversions of image and text, which have the potential to alter the transmission of the text’s martial knowledge. This raises the question of Vorsterman's commercial intentions when editing and printing this fight book, especially regarding the flourishing printing business in sixteenth-century Flanders. This paper aims to describe the differences in construction between Vorsterman and Pauernfeindt’s treatises in the context of both printing and martial cultures in Antwerp and the surrounding region.
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Hadden, R. "The Heringen Collection of the US Geological Survey Library, Reston, Virginia." Earth Sciences History 27, no. 2 (November 3, 2008): 242–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.27.2.y1vq1168q51g1542.
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A special collection of German, Polish, and Russian language books, maps and reports in the US Geological Survey Library has an interesting and unusual history. The so-called ‘Heringen Collection’ came from Nazi Germany. Many of these items were captured from libraries, offices and even private homes as the German Army advanced into neighboring countries. In the last days of the war, these maps, reports, photos and other records were sent from the Military Geology offices in Berlin to the safety of a deep potash mineshaft in Heringen (Werra), in Hessen, Germany. A group of US Army soldiers found these lost records of the Third Reich. When removed from the Heringen mine, those records that dealt with the earth sciences, terrain analysis, military geology and other geological matters were sent to the USGS, and eventually came to reside at the USGS Library. The printed papers and books were mostly incorporated into the main collection, but a portion of the materials have never been cataloged, calendared or indexed. These materials have many current uses, including projects of value to citizens in their nations of origin.
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Wang, Zeyuan, and Yufeng Zhou. "Fatigue lifetime prediction of a 3D-printing dental implant by Finite Element Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823202060.
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This study clarifies the differences between additive manufacturing and traditional manufacturing and the differences in product properties. The fatigue life of 3D printed dental implants was studied by finite element analysis. Pure titanium dental implant made by Concept laser3D printer in Germany is modelled by Solidworks 2016. Finite element analysis was performed in Ansys17.0 and the fatigue lifetime test is predicted in its post-processing system. These components are assembled by software Solidworks according to ISO14801. The maximum and minimum values of each index are obtained in the fatigue post process.
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Leroux, Neil R. "Karlstadt'sChristag Predig:Prophetic Rhetoric in an “Evangelical” Mass." Church History 72, no. 1 (March 2003): 102–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700096980.
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Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486–1541), one of the most prolific authors of the Reformation, is one of the most difficult for historians to classify. He produced about ninety published writings, which were printed in about 213 editions. “Among evangelical authors during the years 1518–1525, Karlstadt, after Martin Luther (1483–1546), published the largest number of works in German; and, after Luther's, his works had the second-largest number of editions.” Indeed, on these grounds “it is a safe assumption that Karlstadt's activities as a publicist had a major impact.” Yet during several years of his career, his writings had to be printed and read secretly. He even gave up his academic responsibilities for a time. However, his battles against images and, later, against Luther's doctrine of the Lord's Supper, both influenced the whole course of the Reformation in Germany and beyond.
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Rajšp, Vincenc. "Adam Bohorič, Slovenci in Slovani v predgovoru Arcticae horulae v evropskem kontekstu." Stati inu obstati, revija za vprašanja protestantizma 16, no. 32 (December 20, 2020): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/2590-9754.16(32)269-286.
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Adam Bohorič, Slovenes and Slavs in the Preface to Arcticae horulae in the European Context The paper is dedicated to Adam Bohorič and his view of the Slavic world in the introduction to the grammar Arcticae horulae—Free Winter Hours, based on the translation and edition by Jože Toporišič from 1987. Adam Bohorič was connected with the Reformation movement in German lands, especially with Wittenberg, where he studied and where his grammar, as well as Dalmatin’s translation of the Bible, was printed. Bohorič could observe German developments in the sphere of religious reformation, as well as their efforts concerning language, where the Germans were catching up with the Romance languages. Important German grammars were published in the 1570s, just a few years before Bohorič’s grammar, which shows that he caught up with his contemporaries and it could no longer be said that Slovenes were behind the times. Although many of Bohorič’s views on the Slavic world are no longer shared today, one should bear in mind that they were based on the knowledge of the time in the context of a Renaissance humanistic view of the past. Keywords: Bohorič, grammar, Slovenes, Protestantism
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Hults, Linda C., and Giulia Bartrum. "German Renaissance Prints, 1490-1550." Sixteenth Century Journal 28, no. 3 (1997): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2543009.
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Raulwing, Peter, and Thomas L. Gertzen. "Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing im Blickpunkt ägyptologischer und zeithistorischer Forschungen: die Jahre 1914 bis 1926." Journal of Egyptian History 5, no. 1-2 (2012): 34–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416612x632517.
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Abstract The extensive bibliography of Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing (1873–1956) lists 621 numbered items, documenting over six decades of Egyptological productivity. Widely unknown to Egyptologists and ancient historians, however, are a handful of publications by F.W. von Bissing, printed between 1914 and 1917, in which he defends the German occupation of Belgium to a French-speaking audience using the pseudonym “Anacharsis le jeune.” This name refers to the antagonist in the novel Les Voyages du jeune Anacharsis en Grèce (1787) by the French antiquarian Jean-Jacques Barthélemy (1716–1795), which reached the status of, what might be called, a Bildungsroman in the late 18th and 19th century in Europe. Furthermore, F.W. von Bissing is the author of numerous political writings published between 1915 and 1922 for a German-speaking audience under his own name, mostly dealing with the relationship between the German Empire and Belgium during World War I.; later with the political situation in post-war Germany.—This study tries to shed light on F.W. von Bissing’s pamphlets, writings, letters and political background and non-academic activities in the last years of the Kaiserreich and the early Weimar Republic until his retirement from the chair at the university in Utrecht in 1926.
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Zervigón, Andrés Mario. "The Peripatetic Viewer at Heartfield's Film und Foto Exhibition Room." October 150 (October 2014): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00199.
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The traveling exhibition Film und Foto, inaugurated in 1929 by the famous German Werkbund association, stands as a critical landmark in the exhibition of modernist photography and film. Yet walking through its inaugural venue, in Stuttgart, was as much like flipping through an instructional photo essay as navigating an exhibition space. The first of the show's thirteen rooms, for example, offered a large number of prints that recapitulated the history of photography, or more specifically the history of its practical use. Displayed on sleek scaffolds that efficiently expanded the available exhibition surface, these prints hung in what may best be described as modernist salon style meets the printed page. A lower register seems strung near thigh level while a second row pushed toward the ceiling. The left-page/right-page and vertical/horizontal dialogues this arrangement afforded encouraged viewers to compare photographs taken from the spheres of science and industry to avant-garde prints inspired by the former. Above this series of exchanges ran a prominent sans-serif caption, a punning query that framed the entire show: “Where is photography's development headed?”
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Ermolaeva, Elena L. "St. Petersburg Mythology in an Ancient Greek Poem by F. B. Graefe on the 100-year Jubilee of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1826)." Philologia Classica 15, no. 2 (2020): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2020.212.
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This article deals with a poem by academician F. B. Graefe (1780–1851) written in ancient Greek elegiacs (424 lines) with authorized German poetic translation en regard (1826). The poem was dedicated to the 100-year jubilee of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and printed in a small number of exemplars (für Wenige). The poem has never been republished until now. The article provides the Introduction (54 lines), the Epilogue, and selected passages in Greek and German, with Russian translation and commentaries. The Introduction describes the foundation of St. Petersburg and the Academy by Peter the First. Graefe’s stock images (the marshes on which St. Petersburg appeared; a poor Finnish fisherman with his old net; a tsar demiurge on the bank of the river; etc.), motifs (nature and civilization) and formulas (before — now; one hundred years later; etc.) reflect the official, cosmological St. Petersburg mythology. Three other selected passages of the poem describe the paleontological and Egyptian collections of the Academy museums. The author discusses Graefe’s possible sources, the historical context of his poem, and responces to it in Germany. Graefe’s poem in ancient Greek is a testimony of the Neuhumanismus in Russia.
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Sakal, Fahri. "İnonu Photos Printed in Germany." History Studies International Journal Of History Volume 3 Issue 3, no. 3 (2024): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9737/hist_396.
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Olson, R. J. M., and J. M. Pasachoff. "Historical Comets Over Bavaria: The Nuremberg Chronicle and Broadsides." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 2 (1991): 1309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012914.
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Abstract.The first widely distributed printed comet images appear in the Nuremberg Chronicle, whose Latin edition appeared in 1493, followed closely by a German edition. In the first section, we begin our consideration with the comet image that has frequently been cited as a representation of the A.D. 684 apparition of Comet P/Halley. To better understand this image, we present a thorough survey of the 13 comet images that appear in the Chronicle, all reproduced from four woodblocks, representing 14 apparitions between A.D. 471 and A.D. 1472. In the second part, we present an analysis of the unpublished preparatory drawings for the comet images in the handwritten Exemplars (manuscript layout dummies) for both the Latin and German editions in the Stadtbibliothek, Nuremberg. Finally, in the third part, we demonstrate how the Chronicle presaged the proliferation of broadsides--woodcut prints that functioned like tabloids of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. We examine broadsides recording historical comets over such Bavarian cities as Nuremberg and Augsburg. In spite of their superstitious, hysterical journalism, fed by turbulent political and religious upheavals, these broadsides reveal a nascent scientific attitude.
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Read, Katherine. "Introduction to Sources of German Law: German Collections at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies." Legal Information Management 14, no. 2 (June 2014): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669614000309.
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AbstractThis article, written by Katherine Read, gives an introduction to printed and electronic German legal resources that are collected by the Library of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and including those that are accessible through the web. Particular attention is given to English language sources where they are available to library users.
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Kudryavtsev, A. A. "FEATURES OF ADVERTISING TEXT IN PRINTED GERMAN MEDIA." Международный студенческий научный вестник (International Student Scientific Herald), no. 3 2020 (2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/msnv.20246.
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Lindmayr-Brandl, Andrea. "The Catalogue of Early German Printed Music (vdm.sbg.ac.at)." troja. Jahrbuch für Renaissancemusik 17 (October 13, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25371/troja.v20182602.
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Hwang, Dae-Hyeon. "History of German printed book and book trade." Western History Review 147 (December 31, 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46259/whr.147.13.
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Kuna, Jakub. "‘Partially compiled’ maps 1:25,000 by Polish Military Geographical Institute (1919–1939)." Polish Cartographical Review 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2018-0003.
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Abstract During the interwar period, an estimated 32–36% of Polish territory was covered by the Polish Military Geographical Institute’s (Pol. Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny) 1:25,000 detailed map. At the same time, the MGI achieved a full coverage of the country by 1:100,000 tactical map. 50% of tactical map sheets were revised for the 1930s – many covered areas for which no detailed maps had been printed. Considering the fact that 1:100,000 tactical map was updated on the basis of revised 1:25,000 maps, another 17–21% of 1:25,000 detailed map sheets were finished or in progress by the German and Soviet invasion in 1939. The study confirmed additional 4% of 1:25,000 detailed map sheets as ‘partially compiled’ by the MGI and finished by the Germans. Another 17% of detailed map sheets are potentially to be found. Hypotheses, clues and evidence are presented in the paper.
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Haferkamp, Hans-Peter. "Rechtsfälle in der juristischen Ausbildung der Pandektenwissenschaft." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 138, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2021-0011.
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Abstract Case studies as part of pandectistic legal education in 19th century Germany. The traditional image of the pandectistics rested on the assumption that legal education in this area, which inspired students from all over the world, relied exclusively on the logicsystematic pandect textbooks. These days we know that case studies, too, played an important role in addition to the primarily systematic pandect lectures. The pandectists studied the interpretation of legal problems, which were mainly inspired by court practise. This paper is unprecedented in using actual lecture notes to evaluate those solutions developed during the lectures which were not included in the printed case collections. It becomes clear that the technique used for solving legal problems differs as much from the relation method, which was applied by the courts in that period, as it differs from the so-called claim method, which is common in German legal education today.
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ZOHN, STEVEN. "THE SONATE AUF CONCERTENART AND CONCEPTIONS OF GENRE IN THE LATE BAROQUE." Eighteenth Century Music 1, no. 2 (September 2004): 205–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570604000132.
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Much recent writing concerning the early eighteenth-century sonata has focused on a subgenre that appropriates stylistic elements from more fully scored works. Thus several of J. S. Bach’s solo and trio sonatas signify the concerto in certain movements by adopting ritornello form and establishing instrumental roles of ‘soloist’ and ‘orchestra’, only to undermine the integrity of these roles during the course of a movement. These Sonaten auf Concertenart, and a number of similar examples by Bach’s German contemporaries, have been viewed as responses to Vivaldi’s solo concertos and especially his so-called ‘chamber concertos’, which feature similar kinds of role playing. This study, by re-examining the phenomenon of the sonata in concerto style from a number of perspectives, shows that the genre was more widespread and its origins and meanings more complex than previously recognized. Evidence for this revised view takes the form of generic titles on manuscripts and prints; music by German, Italian and French composers spanning much of the eighteenth century, from Molter to Mondonville to Mozart; some three dozen sonatas by Telemann, who exhaustively explored the genre over several decades and was perhaps its originator in Germany; and literary amalgamations of genre indicative of a broader eighteenth-century fascination with mixed types.
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Reul, Christian, Christoph Wick, Uwe Springmann, and Frank Puppe. "Transfer Learning for OCRopus Model Training on Early Printed Books." 027.7 Zeitschrift für Bibliothekskultur 5, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12685/027.7-5-1-169.
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A method is presented that significantly reduces the character error rates for OCR text obtained from OCRopus models trained on early printed books when only small amounts of diplomatic transcriptions are available. This is achieved by building from already existing models during training instead of starting from scratch. To overcome the discrepancies between the set of characters of the pretrained model and the additional ground truth the OCRopus code is adapted to allow for alphabet expansion or reduction. The character set is now capable of flexibly adding and deleting characters from the pretrained alphabet when an existing model is loaded. For our experiments we use a self-trained mixed model on early Latin prints and the two standard OCRopus models on modern English and German Fraktur texts. The evaluation on seven early printed books showed that training from the Latin mixed model reduces the average amount of errors by 43% and 26%, compared to training from scratch with 60 and 150 lines of ground truth, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that even building from mixed models trained on standard data unrelated to the newly added training and test data can lead to significantly improved recognition results.
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Pollock, Emily Richmond. "Opera by the Book." Journal of Musicology 35, no. 3 (2018): 295–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2018.35.3.295.
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In 1944 with Nazi Germany just months from defeat, a curious and now little-known book was published in Regensburg: a collection of essays and biographies that strove to define the contemporary state of opera. Titled Die deutsche Oper der Gegenwart (German Opera of the Present Day), this substantial and lavishly produced volume documents the aesthetics of opera during the Third Reich through its profiles of sixty-two composers, more than 250 design drawings and photographs, prose essays on drama and staging, and an extensive works list. The National Socialist alignment of the book’s primary author (the theater historian Carl Niessen) and publishing company (Gustav Bosse Verlag) contextualizes the volume’s problematic scholarly priorities. Niessen interleaved explanations and endorsements of viable manifestations of contemporary German opera with anti-Semitic rhetoric and venomous critiques of rival aesthetic views. The book’s time-capsule version of the “state of the art” also includes evidence that contradicts postwar claims by composers, such as Winfried Zillig, who later recast themselves as persecuted modernists but whose statements within the volume demonstrate their complicity. Pamela Potter has recommended that musicologists address the longstanding historiographical problem of defining “Nazi Music” by paying detailed attention to particularities. Analyzing the form, contents, and rhetoric of a single printed object permits insights into the definition, valuation, and canonization of contemporary opera near the end of the Third Reich.
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Fidlerová, Alena A. "Translating the Life of Antichrist into German and Czech in the Early Modern Period." Studies in Church History 53 (May 26, 2017): 242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2016.15.
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Based on a sociocultural and functional approach to the history of translation, this article introduces the Leben Antichristi by the German Capuchin and famous preacher Dionysius of Luxemburg, first published in 1682 at Frankfurt am Main, as an example of the transmission of formerly elite content to a popular readership via its translation into simple vernacular prose. It then discusses possible reasons why three Czech translations of the book, created independently during the eighteenth century and preserved in manuscript, were never printed, although the German version went through twelve editions and similar works by Dionysius's fellow brother Martin of Cochem were among the most often printed books of the Czech Baroque.
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Liesching, Marc, and Christoph J. M. Safferling. "Protection of Juveniles in Germany – A Report on the New Legislation." German Law Journal 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200016217.
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In April, 2002, a 19 year-old pupil ran amok in a high school in Erfurt, killing several teachers and fellow pupils. The young man was reported to have played computer games, in particular games known as “ego-shooter,” quite excessively. These tragic events fueled the plans of the German government and the Federal states to reform the law for the protection of children and young persons. The legislative machinery issued new legislation at a rather impressive pace. Only one year after the tragedy in Erfurt, on 1 April 2003, two major legal documents entered into force: the Jugendschutzgesetz (JuSchG – Juvenile Protection Act) of the Federal government and the Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag (JMStV – Agreement of the German Federal States regarding the Protection of Human Dignity and Juveniles in Radio and Televised Media). This complicated two-fold structure stems from the federal nature of the German state where the competence to legislate is divided between the Federal Government and the individual Laender (Federal States). The latter, in order to achieve uniformity among themselves and reaching the breadth of the Germany territory, must cooperate and legislate in the form of an interstate agreement. The JuSchG regulates mainly the protection of juveniles in the public and limits the distribution of items, which have been determined to be dangerous, like printed material, videos, DVDs or CD-Roms. In contrast thereto the JMStV pertains to the protection of juveniles in the radio broadcasting industry and in the so called “Telemedia,” in particular the internet. In the following, we will give a short overview of the developments wrought by these new laws.
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Patrickson, Bronwin. "Movable text." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 24, no. 5 (September 27, 2018): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856518795098.
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During the early adoption of e-books, this unfamiliar digital format was made more palatable through analogy to the printed book. Texts were divided into ‘pages’ that could turn on screen, and e-book repositories were referred to as ‘libraries’. However, as digital texts have increasingly taken on characteristics of digital systems, the metaphor of the printed book has lost currency. Given the limitations of this conventional metaphor for the digital text, I propose an alternative conception, one that is as archaic in origin as the printed-book metaphor, yet surprisingly robust for describing the customizable texts of today’s Academy: the metaphor of movable text. The image derives from German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s 15th-century innovation for the mass production of books, a mechanical system that used paper, ink and the relatively cheap and reusable display of cubed, metal letters that could be arranged and rearranged into words on a tray ready to be pressed into print. This metaphor of book-as-movable text is useful in that it captures how the form of the academic textbook is now entangled with its process, as much as its context. But, how does this metaphor apply to the academic text in particular? If a movable academic book asks to be interpreted, does the mobility of meaning that it creates defy such interpretative engagement? In this article, I argue that when automated texts are effectively scaffolded by cultural critiques, they can support deep research processes. To become more effective, these searches demand focus as much as evaluation and thus drive towards the crafts of collation, synthesis and eventual reconfiguration.
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Jurković, Ivan. "Family Ties and Written Multilingual Heritage of the Frankapani at the Dawn of the Early Modern Period." Tabula, no. 17 (November 16, 2020): 205–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.17.2020.7.
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In the second half of the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century the Frankapani of Krk, Senj, and Modruš were at the peak of their power. This family of Croatian counts was networked through marriage from the Adriatic to the Baltic Sea with Italian, Hungarian, Austrian, and German royal and aristocratic families. Their presence in the courts of their next of kin, as well as their in-laws, is therefore not surprising, whether it be the Roman Curia or the Hohenzollern Branderburger Palace in Berlin. In such a wide system of communications, the Frankapani presented themselves to the European public as a multilingual family ready to promulgate not only the written heritage nurtured during the Middle Ages in Croatia (Latin and Glagolitic), but also ready to adopt, promote, and disseminate the written heritage of their spouses (Italian, German, Hungarian). The following examples attest to this statement: the Roman breviary translated into the German language by Christopher Frankapan and his wife Apollonia Lang printed in 1518 in Venice, the anti-Turkish speech in Latin delivered by Christopher’s father, Bernardin, before the German assembly in Nuremberg and printed in 1522 for the occasion, the translated epistles of Saint Paul, from Latin to Hungarian, donated by Catherine Frankapan married to Gabriel (Gábor) Perényi, printed in Krakow in 1533, and the first Croatian- language breviary written in the Latin script, rather than in the Glagolitic, commissioned by Catherine Frankapan married to Nicholas Zrinski, published in 1560 in Padua.
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Кожанова, Наталья Викторовна. "Ethno-cultural Specificity of Printed Job Advertisements in German." Philology & Human, no. 4 (2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2019)4-12.
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Murray, Ann. "Käthe Kollwitz: Memorialization as Anti-Militarist Weapon." Arts 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9010036.
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This essay explores Käthe Kollwitz’s antiwar graphic work in the context of the German, and later, international No More War movement from 1920 to 1925, where it played an important role in antimilitarist campaigns, exhibitions, and publications, both in Germany and internationally. Looking at Kollwitz’s production closely, we discover a deeply pragmatic artistic strategy, where the emotionality of Kollwitz’s famed prints was the result of tireless technical, formal, and compositional investigation, contrived to maximize emotional impact. By choosing the easily disseminated medium of printmaking as her main vehicle and using a deliberately spare but powerful graphic language in carefully chosen motifs, Kollwitz intended her art to reach as broad an audience as possible in engaging antiwar sentiment. In connection with the leading antiwar voices of the time, including French Nobel Prize-winning writer Romain Rolland and the founder of War Resisters’ International, Helene Stöcker, she deployed her work to reach beyond the confines of the art gallery, into internationally distributed posters, periodicals, and books.
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Kelly, W. A. "The British Museum. Department of Prints and Drawings. Catalogue of German Printed Books to 190020033Compiled by David Paisey. The British Museum. Department of Prints and Drawings. Catalogue of German Printed Books to 1900. London: The British Museum Press 2002. 129 pp., ISBN: 0714126306 £90.00." Library Review 52, no. 4 (June 2003): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr.2003.52.4.181.3.
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Jeep, John M. "Painting the Page in the Age of Print: Central European Manuscript Illumination of the Fifteenth Century, ed. Jeffrey F. Hamburger, Robert Suckale, and Gude Suckale-Redlefsen, trans. David Sánchez Text · Image · Context: Studies in Medieval Manuscript Illumination, 4 Studies and Texts 208. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2018, pp. XXXIII, 329." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_450.
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Under the somewhat different, certainly intentionally punning title, Unter Druck: Mitteleuropäische Buchmalerei im Zeitalter Gutenbergs / Under Pressure / Printing […] in the Age of Gutenberg, this volume first appeared in German (Lucerne: Quaternio, 2015) to accompany a series of twelve different exhibitions of largely fifteenth-century book illumination across Central Europe. The exhibitions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were held, in part overlapping, from September 2015 – March 2017. They were bookended by exhibits in Vienna and Munich (for the latter, see Bilderwelten. Buchmalerei zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Katalogband zu den Ausstellungen in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek vom 13. April 2016 bis 24. Februar 2017, ed. Jeffrey F. Hamburger et al. Buchmalerei des 15. Jahrhunderts in Mitteleuropa, 3 (Lucerne: Quaternio, 2016). For each of ten somewhat smaller exhibitions a catalogue of uniform size and format was produced; they are, according to the publisher, already out of print. The three editors of the more comprehensive collection, Painting the Page, penned contributions that complement Eberhard König’s study, “Colour for the Black Art,” which traces <?page nr="451"?>the development of ornamentation to the Gutenberg and following printed Bibles. Early printed Bibles, in Latin or in the vernacular, tended only to provide space for initial and marginal, as opposed to full page illumination. These admittedly limited artistic accomplishments often allow for more precise localization of incunabula than other available resources. At the same time, differences and even misunderstandings – such as failure to follow instructions to the illuminator – on occasion lead to fruitful cultural analysis. Finally, printed copies that were never adorned were sometimes in the past thought to be superior, untouched, as it were, by the artistry of the ‘old’ manuscript world. König argues that the study of early printed books, and especially the illuminations they contain, should be celebrated not only as ancillary scholarship, but also as a discipline in its own right.
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Gribkov, D. "The university e-libraries: The foreign experience." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-8-77-89.
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The experience of foreign digital libraries of the universities of Marburg (Germany), Chalmers (Sweden) and Graz (Austria) is discussed. The structure of the libraries being reviewed comprises six key elements of DELOS conceptual model, i. e. content, users, functionality, quality, policy, and architecture. The Marburg University Library cooperates with many German libraries and possesses vast collections and resources of various types, both it owns and shares with other libraries. The e-library of Chalmers University of Technology is based on the service-oriented Central Knowledge Database comprising paper and digital collections of full texts and metadata being administered with data import-export applications on the Discovery platform. The Graz Library is the bibliographic and information center; it supports scientific research and learning with literature in printed and digital formats, and preserves the cultural heritage in natural sciences and technology. Based on the review of the mentioned digital libraries, the author concludes that Russian libraries must study the foreign experience to develop the model of an inter-university digital library.
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Callesen, Gerd. "Inge Lammel, Arbeiterlied—Arbeitergesang, Hundert Jahre Arbeitermusikkultur in Deutschland: Aufsätze und Vorträge aus 40 Jahren 1959–1998. Teetz: Hentrich & Hentrich, 2002. 319 pp. € 24." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904240133.
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From 1954 to 1985, Inge Lammel was the director of the Arbeiterliedarchiev (Labour and Working-Class Songs) at the Academy of the Arts in Berlin. Throughout its life, the Archive remained a small institution with few resources, but in the course of the thirty-five years leading up to 1990, it had collected considerable volumes of printed and unprinted material, scores, songbooks, memoirs, (long before “oral history” had been recognised as a special type of material), gramophone records, tapes, etc.—an effort led by Inge Lammel from the time when the Archive was first established. In 1990, the Archive was more or less closed down, despite the fact that at the time it was the centre of vigorous research activities, not just in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), but also in the Federal Republic of Germany. This component of research into labor and working-class evolution has now largely been discontinued; one of the aims behind this publication is to provide any emerging renewed interest with a point of departure.