Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Priones'
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Urrea, Zazurca Laura. "Funciones de la proteína priónica celular, alfa-sinucleína y reelina en enfermedades neurodegenerativas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482168.
Full textMany neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins, with the formation of inclusion bodies. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegenerative diseases. PD shows an abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in neurons, called Lewy bodies (LB). Several groups have reported that abnormal form of α-synuclein can propagate through the cells and, consequently, form inclusions. Thus, it has been suggested different molecular mechanisms involved in α-synuclein propagation. It has been reported that cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a receptor of β-amyloid. In this study, we analyse whether the PrPc is a receptor for α-synuclein. Animals with different PrPc expression were intracranially injected with α-synuclein protofibrils. We observe that PrPc expression is not mandatory for α-synuclein propagation, but PrPc-overexpressing mice show more aggregates than in PrPc absence. Moreover, charge cluster domain of PrPc is essential for α-synuclein binding. In addition, we study Reelin levels in different neurodegenerative diseases. Reelin is a glycoprotein that is crucial for the correct cytoarchitectonic organization of the developing Central Nervous System. Decreased levels of Reelin lead to synaptic dysfunction or neurodegeneration. In the present study, we analyse the changes in Reelin and Reln mRNA in Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Parkinson´s disease (PD) and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Meanwhile, inmunoblot results indicate decreased levels of Reelin in AD and DLB, PD do not show changes. In contrast, it has been detected an increase in sCJD(I). Reelin increased levels depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using inhibitors of ROS production, as DPI and NAC, Reelin levels are maintained.
Fröhlich, Gallardo Estefanía Paz. "Aplicación de la inmunohistoquímica en óbex de caprinos para la detección de proteínas priónicas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151607.
Full textEl Scrapie es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa y fatal que afecta a pequeños rumiantes como ovinos, caprinos y muflones. El causante de esta enfermedad es una partícula proteinácea infecciosa llamada prión, que se origina por un cambio conformacional de una proteína priónica celular del hospedero (PrPC). Los programas de vigilancia consideran a la Histopatología como método diagnóstico y a la Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) como método confirmatorio para el Scrapie. Esta memoria fue desarrollada en el laboratorio de la Unidad de Patología del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero de Lo Aguirre. Se utilizaron 50 muestras de óbex de caprinos mayores de 2 años, sin importar raza ni sexo, provenientes de mataderos de la IV Región de Chile. De cada muestra de óbex se obtuvieron cortes seriados con el propósito de destinar uno a la tinción de Hematoxilina y Eosina (H/E), y un corte homólogo a la técnica de Inmunohistoquímica. Así en la tinción H/E se comprobó la aptitud de la muestra evaluada a partir de la observación de la integridad de núcleos nerviosos de presentación bilateral. En total se trabajó con 50 muestras que fueron sometidas a los métodos tradicionales de histopatología para la tinción de H/E. De éstas, 50 cortes resultaron aptos para aplicar la técnica de Inmunohistoquímica. De los cortes sometidos a IHQ ninguno presentó el precipitado granular rojo característico de la inmunorreacción por la presencia de priones, por lo cual se determinó que todas las muestras de los caprinos estudiados fueron negativas, al igual que los controles negativos de óbex. Por su parte, los controles positivos de óbex siempre presentaron el precipitado granular rojo indicativo de una inmunorreacción positiva, tal como lo había indicado el Centro de Referencia para ese tipo de controles. De esta manera, este trabajo colaboró con la vigilancia pasiva anual que realizó el Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero durante el año 2015, con respecto a la detección de priones en la especie caprina en un determinado grupo de animales de nuestro país
Scrapie is a neurodegenerative and fatal disease, affecting small ruminants such as sheep, goats and mouflons. The cause of these diseases is an infectious proteinaceous particle called prion, which originates from a conformational change of a prion cellular protein of the host (PrPC). Surveillance programs consider histopathology as the diagnostic method and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a confirmatory method for Scrapie. This study was developed in the Laboratory of Pathology Unit of the Agricultural and Livestock Service of Lo Aguirre. Fifty obex samples of goats, older than 2 years, regardless of race or sex, were used from slaughterhouses in IV Region of Chile. Serial sections were obtained from each obex sample in order to assign one slice to the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H/E) and its homologous slice to the Immunohistochemistry technique. Thus, in the H/E staining the suitability of the slices were evaluated, from the observation of the integrity of the following nerve nuclei, with bilateral presentation: of the solitary tract, parasympathetic of the vagus nerve, of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and motor of the hypoglossus. In total, 50 slices were performed, which were subjected to the traditional methods of histopathology and H/E staining. Of these, 50 were able to apply the technique of Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Of the samples submitted to IHC, none of them presented the red granular precipitate characteristic of the immunoreaction due to the presence of prions, whereby it was determined that all samples of the goats studied were to be classified as negative, as were the negative controls of Obex. On the other hand, positive obex controls always presented the red granular precipitate indicative of a positive immunoreaction, as indicated by the Reference Center for such controls. In this way, this work collaborated with the annual passive surveillance carried out by the Agricultural and Livestock Service during the year 2015, regarding the detection of prions in the goat species in a determined group of animals of our country
Sánchez, del Valle Díaz Raquel. "Biodiagnóstico de las enfermedades por priones humanas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2162.
Full textOBJETIVOS: O1: Estudiar la evolución de la demanda y la validez de la prueba de proteína 14-3-3 durante el periodo 1997-2000 en España. O2: Mejorar la sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba de la proteína 14-3-3 para el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (ECJ) y analizar los patrones atípicos en el resultado de la prueba. O3: Analizar el polimorfismo del exon 1 del gen Tau en enfermedades por priones y determinar si este modifica la predisposición a padecer enfermedades priónicas o la expresión clínica de estas. O4: Caracterizar clínica y genéticamente las enfermedades por priones humanas en Cataluña en el periodo 1993-2001
TRABAJOS que conforman esta tesis doctoral: T1: Utilización y validez de la prueba de la proteína de 14-3-3 en el diagnóstico de enfermedades priónicas: estudio prospectivo de 4 años. Medicina Clínica 2003 (en prensa). T2: Isoformas de la proteína 14-3-3 y patrones atípicos en la prueba de la 14-3-3 en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 320: 69-72. T3: Análisis del polimorfismo del exon 1 del gen Tau en las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles. Journal of Neurology 2002; 249: 938-939. T4: Características clínicas y genéticas de las enfermedades priónicas humanas en Cataluña (1993-2001).
CONCLUSIONES: C1. El número de pruebas de proteína 14-3-3 en LCR solicitadas a nuestro laboratorio se ha incrementado a lo largo del periodo 1997-2000. Paralelamente, han aumentado el número de falsos positivos y disminuido el valor predictivo positivo de la prueba . Las causas más frecuentes de FP pueden y deben ser excluidas por la evaluación clínica y las pruebas complementarias apropiadas. Un resultado negativo es altamente predictivo de ausencia de la enfermedad en nuestro medio. C2. Los anticuerpos frente a las diferentes isoformas de proteína 14-3-3 no aumentan la sensibilidad ni la especificidad obtenida con el anticuerpo estándar para el diagnóstico de ECJ. La banda inferior característica de patrones de positividad atípicos de la prueba de 14-3-3, se origina por una reacción cruzada del anticuerpo anti-proteína 14-3-3 con las cadenas ligeras de immunoglobulinas libres presentes en el LCR. C3. No existe evidencia, en nuestra población, de asociación entre el polimorfismo del exón 1 del gen Tau y la predisposición a padecer enfermedades priónicas, o el perfil de expresión clínico de la enfermedad. C4. La distribución de los subtipos etiológicos y de las características genéticas y clínicas de los pacientes catalanes con enfermedades priónicas es similar a lo descrito en otras poblaciones europeas. Hasta un tercio de las formas genéticas diagnosticadas carecían de antecedentes familiares conocidos. Las formas valina-valina de ECJ esporádica y las formas genéticas presentan con más frecuencias manifestaciones clínicamente atípicas. No se ha detectado ningún caso de variante de ECJ en Cataluña en el periodo estudiado.
Wang, Weiqiang. "Prion inspired nanomaterials and their biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670982.
Full textLos amiloides muestran una estructura fibrilar altamente ordenada. Muchos de estos ensamblajes aparecen asociados a enfermedades humanas. No obstante, la naturaleza controlable, estable, modulable y robusta de las fibras amiloides se puede emplear para construir nanomateriales notables con una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Los priones funcionales constituyen una clase particular de amiloides. Estas proteínas transmisibles exhiben una arquitectura modular, con un dominio priónico desordenado responsable del ensamblaje y uno o más dominios globulares que dan cuenta de la actividad. Cabe destacar que la proteína globular original se puede reemplazar con cualquier proteína de interés sin comprometer el potencial de fibrilación. Estas fusiones genéticas forman fibrillas en las que el dominio globular permanece plegado, lo que genera nanoestructuras funcionales. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, el impedimento estérico restringe la actividad de estas fibrillas. Esta limitación puede resolverse diseccionando los dominios de priones en secuencias más cortas que mantengan sus propiedades de autoensamblado mientras permiten un mejor acceso a la proteína en el estado fibrilar. En esta tesis doctoral, exploramos el "soft amyloid core" (SAC) del prion de levadura Sup35p como una unidad modular de autoensamblaje, que recapitula la propensión a la agregación del dominio priónico completo. Fusionamos el SAC con diferentes proteínas globulares de interés que difieren en conformación y tamaños, creando un enfoque genético general y directo para generar nanofibrillas dotadas de las funcionalidades deseadas. El modelado computacional nos permitió obtener información sobre la relación entre el tamaño de los dominios globulares y la longitud del conector que los une con el SAC, proporcionando la base para el diseño de nanomateriales con diferentes propiedades mesoscópicas, ya sean nanofibrillas o nanopartículas. Sobre esta base, diseñamos y producimos, por primera vez, nanopartículas amiloides esféricas, altamente activas, no tóxicas, de tamaño definido, y diseñamos nanoestructuras bifuncionales con aplicación en la administración dirigida de fármacos. Las lecciones aprendidas en estos ejercicios permitieron la construcción de una nanofibrilla similar a un anticuerpo biespecífico con potencial para su uso en inmunoterapia. En resumen, los nanomateriales funcionales similares a los priones descritos aquí aprovechan la metodología de fusión genética para generar un nuevo conjunto de estructuras con aplicación en biomedicina y biotecnología.
Amyloids display a highly ordered fibrillar structure. Many of these assemblies appear associated with human disease. However, the controllable, stable, tunable, and robust nature of amyloid fibrils can be exploited to build up remarkable nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. Functional prions constitute a particular class of amyloids. These transmissible proteins exhibit a modular architecture, with a disordered prion domain responsible for the assembly and one or more globular domains that account for the activity. Importantly, the original globular protein can be replaced with any protein of interest, without compromising the fibrillation potential. These genetic fusions form fibrils in which the globular domain remains folded, rendering functional nanostructures. However, in many cases, steric hindrance restricts the activity of these fibrils. This limitation can be solved by dissecting prion domains into shorter sequences that keep their self-assembling properties while allowing better access to the protein in the fibrillar state. In this PhD thesis, we exploited the "soft amyloid core (SAC)" of the Sup35p yeast prion as a modular self-assembling unit, which recapitulates the aggregation propensity of the complete prion domain. We fused the SAC to different globular proteins of interest differing in conformation and sizes, building up a general and straightforward genetic approach to generate nanofibrils endowed with desired functionalities. Computational modeling allowed us to gain insights into the relationship between the size of the globular domains and the length of the linker that connects them to the SAC, providing the basis for the design of nanomaterials with different mesoscopic properties, either nanofibrils or nanoparticles. On this basis, we designed and produced, for the first time, highly active, non-toxic, spherical amyloid nanoparticles of defined size and engineered bifunctional nanostructures with application in targeted drug delivery. The lessons learned in these exercises resulted in the construction of a bispecific antibody-like nanofibril, showing potential in immunotherapy. In summary, the prion-like functional nanomaterials described here take profit of the genetic fusion approach to render a novel set of structures with application in biomedicine and biotechnology.
Lidón, Gil Laia. "Regulación de la expresión de PrPc como elemento clave en las modificaciones de tau en la enfermedad de Alzheimer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672253.
Full textCarulla, Martí Patricia. "La proteína priónica celular: Análisis de su función neuroprotectora y reguladora del ciclo Celular." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129157.
Full textTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies constitute a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both animals and humans. The causative agents of these diseases are “prions”, which are defined as proteinaceous infectious particles that result from an abnormal conformational folding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a pathogenic form called PrPSC. Although the role of PrPSC has been intensively studied, the physiological function of PrPC still remains unclear. Several evidences support the notion that PrPC plays a role in different cellular processes including: i) cell cycle and proliferation, ii) copper homeostasis, iii) neuroprotection, iv) synaptic transmission and v) intracellular signaling, among others. Here we expand previous data concerning PrPC function by describing the molecular mechanisms by which PrPC regulates cell proliferation in vitro and excitotoxic cell death in vivo. First, we describe how transient overexpression of PrPC in Neuro2a cells enhances cell cycle progression after mitogenic stimulation, while the opposite effect is observed when PrPC is silenced. These effects are due in part to the interaction of PrPC with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the cell membrane and the consequent downstream activation of ERK1/2 and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. We also describe PrPC-dependent filopodia formation in Neuro2a cells through the modulation of AKT-Cdc42-N-WASP pathway. In a second study, we took advantage of the Prnp0/0Jnk3+/+ and Prnp0/0Jnk30/0 mice models to analyze the neuroprotective role of PrPC against kainate-induced epileptic seizures and cell death. Our results indicate that PrPC regulates kainate receptor-mediated neurotransmission through its interaction with the GluR6/7-PSD-95-MLK3 complex and the downstream modulation of JNK3 neurotoxic signaling. These new insights into the molecular functions of PrPC help us to understand the physiopathological events underlying prion disease and other related neurodegenerative pathologies.
Iglesias, Mas Valentín. "Bioinformatic analysis on the determinants of protein aggregation and conformational conversion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673197.
Full textLa agregación de proteínas ha pasado de ser prácticamente una curiosidad biofísica sin mayor interés a uno de los campos más activos de la investigación, especialmente desde que se dilucidó como el causante de diversas enfermedades en humanos. La agregación en las proteínas viene determinada en primer lugar por su secuencia aminoacídica, que es quién delimita las posibles interacciones entre sus aminoácidos. Diferentes factores modulan esta propensión intrínseca a agregar. A menudo las proteínas adquieren un plegamiento nativo que es energéticamente más estable y que usualmente esconde regiones propensas a agregar, y de este modo se previene una oligomerización no funcional. No todas las proteínas requieren un plegamiento con una estructura tridimensional definida; sino que las proteínas intrínsecamente desordenadas son un grupo de polipéptidos sin una arquitectura espacial definida, con lo que tienen una significativamente mayor exposición al solvente; hecho que incrementa su riesgo de formar contactos aberrantes. Un caso especial de proteínas desordenadas o con regiones desestructuradas son los priones y las proteínas de tipo prion. Estas proteínas se caracterizan por tener regiones de una baja complejidad con regiones con propensión críptica a agregar, que son capaces de automodelar una conformación aberrante que se acopla en forma de agregados. La bioinformática ha asistido en el estudio de estos diferentes grupos de proteínas y de los diferentes niveles estructurales que adoptan, dotándonos de un conjunto de herramientas en forma de algoritmos para modelar sus comportamientos en procesos fisiopatológicos. Estos modelos computacionales fueron diseñados utilizando el conocimiento del cual se contaba en su momento. Pero el rápido incremento en la comprensión de los fenómenos que dirigen los procesos como la agregación proteica hacen imperativo una continua revisión y mejora en el desarrollo de estos programas. La presente tesis presenta un análisis bioinformático de los fenómenos detrás de la compactación de proteínas desde múltiples ángulos. Analizando la agregación de proteínas desde su estado nativo, propondremos mejoras en la funcionalidad y la facilidad de uso de uno de los programas de predicción de referencia. Asimismo, se analizará el efecto del pH (como un primer intento de integrar la situación en la que se encuentra la proteína en los cálculos) en los procesos de agregación y de plegamiento condicional en proteínas intrínsecamente desordenadas. Los resultados obtenidos serán utilizados para construir servidores web de carácter abierto, pensados como soluciones efectivas a la vez que económicas para múltiples líneas de investigación. A su vez, el fenómeno detrás de la conversión priónica o de tipo prion será analizada para entender los determinantes que lo regulan y el rol funcional de las proteínas que se someten a dicha transición; un aspecto muchas veces eclipsado por su asociación con enfermedades neurológicas. En general, el trabajo presentado en esta tesis intenta comprender los determinantes inter e intramoleculares que rigen la compactación de las proteínas, tanto en condiciones nativas como cambiantes, y de esta manera entender el papel de dicho proceso tanto en condiciones fisiológicas como cuando deriva en una enfermedad.
Protein aggregation has moved from being an almost neglected biophysical curiosity to a central research field mostly due to aggregating proteins causing debilitating conditions in humans. The aggregation propensity of polypeptidic sequences is primarily dictated by their amino acid sequence, which delimits the possible interactions between amino acids. Different factors can modulate aggregation propensity. Achieving an energetic stable folded native state usually conceals aggregation prone-regions preventing aberrant self-oligomerization. Not all proteins fold into a defined three-dimensional structure; intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of polypeptides without a defined spatial architecture and therefore are significantly exposed to solvent; which increases the risk of forming aberrant contacts. A special case of disordered proteins or proteins with disordered regions are prions and prion-like proteins. These are characterized by low complexity regions with a cryptic aggregation propensity and able to self-template an aberrant conformation that self-assembles into aggregates. Bioinformatics has assisted the study of these different kinds of proteins and protein structural levels by providing a toolbox of algorithms to model their behaviour in physiology and disease. These computational models were designed using methodology approximations that exploited the available knowledge at that time. Our understanding of the phenomena that govern processes such as protein aggregation is growing rapidly; therefore, the underlying principles behind these programs should be continuously revisited. The present thesis provides a bioinformatics analysis of the phenomena behind protein compaction from multiple angles. By analysing protein aggregation in the native state, we propose improvements to both functionality and usability of a state-of-the-art globular prediction method. At the same time, the effect of pH (as a first approach integrating protein environment on calculations) on intrinsically disordered proteins aggregation and conditional folding was analysed. The obtained results will be used to build publicly accessible web servers as cost-effective tools for multiple research lines. The phenomenon behind prion and prion-like conversion will be studied to gain insight into the determinants that regulate this conversion and the functional role of proteins that undergo this transition; an aspect often overshadowed by their association with neurological diseases. Overall, the work presented in this thesis attempts to understand fundamental inter- and intra-molecular determinants governing protein compaction in near-native and in changing environmental conditions, as a proxy to understand the role of this process in physiology and disease.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina
Díaz, Caballero Marta. "Prion inspired assemblies to build up functional bionanomaterials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670481.
Full textPese a que el ensamblaje amiloide se ha relacionado tradicionalmente con las enfermedades, en las últimas dos décadas, se ha destacado su implicación en importantes funciones biológicas. Estos hallazgos han incrementado el interés por el desarrollo de nanomateriales inspirados en amiloides en múltiples áreas como la biomedicina, la nanoelectrónica, las ciencias medioambientales o la nanotecnologia. La complejidad de la producción y manipulación de proteínas amiloides completas ha manifestado la necesidad de obtener bloques alternativos que mimeticen sus propiedades para el ensamblaje de nanomateriales basados en amiloides. El uso de péptidos cortos naturales o sintéticos ha surgido como una de las soluciones más atractivas, la síntesis de los cuales resulta más fácil, rápida y barata en comparación con las secuencias completas. Los priones y las proteínas prion-like muestran velocidades de agregación más lentes en comparación con los amiloides clásicos y, en determinadas condiciones, el proceso puede ser reversible, dos propiedades que las hacen más atractivas para el desarrollo de nanomateriales. Pese a esta potencialidad, el diseño de novo y la síntesis de péptidos cortos inspirados en priones para aplicaciones nanotecnológicas no se ha explorado hasta hace poco tiempo. En esta tesis, se recogen una serie de estudios en referencia al diseño y la caracterización de nanomateriales sintéticos inspirados en priones. Se ha explorado la capacidad de los péptidos cortos diseñados basados en la composición de los priones para polimerizar en agregados amiloides y se han estudiado las interacciones moleculares que permiten su organización supramolecular. Además, se han ilustrado algunas de sus potenciales aplicaciones, explorando sus propiedades biocatalíticas, su acoplamiento al sistema biotina-estreptavidina i su decoración con cationes metálicos divalentes. También se ha explorado como los ensamblajes de este tipo de péptidos se puede controlar de manera reversible mediante la manipulación del pH. Finalmente, la última parte de la tesis se focaliza en el estudio de las propiedades citotóxicas de los ensamblajes solubles iniciales que pueblan la reacción de fibrilación de nanoestructuras inspiradas en priones funcionales. En general, esta tesis destaca la potencialidad de las secuencias prion-like para generar bionanomateriales, enfatizando en su versatilidad y adaptabilidad funcional para múltiples aplicaciones nanobiotecnológicas. También se propone que los estudios de bioseguridad deberían ser implementados rutinariamente durante el desarrollo de nanomateriales basados en amiloides.
Despite amyloid scaffolds have been traditionally related to disease, in the last two decades, it has been highlighted their involvement in important biological functions. These findings raised the interest in the development of amyloid based nanomaterials in multiple areas like biomedicine, nanoelectronics, environmental sciences and nanotechnology. The complexity of the production and manipulation of amyloidogenic full-length proteins evidenced the need for alternative building-blocks that mimic their properties to assemble amyloid-based nanomaterials. The use of natural and artificial short peptides has emerged as one of the most appealing solutions, their synthesis and purification resulting easier, faster and cheaper compared to complete protein sequences. Prion and prion-like proteins present a slow aggregation rate compared to classical amyloids and, under certain conditions, the assembly process can be reverted, two properties that make them attractive for the development of nanomaterials. Despite this potentiality, the de novo design and synthesis of short prion-inspired peptides for nanotechnological purposes has been scarcely explored until recent time. In this thesis, we collect a series of studies regarding the design and characterization of synthetic prion-inspired nanomaterials. We addressed the capacity of designed short peptides to polymerize into amyloid assemblies and studied the molecular interactions behind their supramolecular organization. Furthermore, we illustrated some of their potential applications exploring their biocatalytic properties, their coupling with the biotin-streptavidin system and their decoration with divalent metallic cations. We also explored how the assembly of this kind of peptides can be controlled in a reversible manner by manipulating the environmental pH. Finally, the last part of this thesis focused on the study of the cytotoxic properties of the early soluble assemblies that populate the fibrillation reaction of functional prion-inspired nanostructures. Overall, this thesis highlights the potentiality of prion-like peptidic sequences to generate bionanomaterials, emphasizing their functional versatility and adaptability for multiple nanotechnological applications. It also proposes that biosafety studies should be routinely implemented during the development of amyloid-based nanomaterials.
Matamoros, i. Anglès Andreu. "Noves funcions de PrP(c) en neurotransmissió, neuroprotecció i neurodegeneració." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667519.
Full textMisfolded cellular prion protein (PrPC) is the causative agent of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). PrPC is a synaptic protein expressed in the cerebral cortex including the hippocampus. It has been described in numerous cellular processes (i.e. cell differentiation, neurotransmission, and copper homeostasis among others). Moreover, PrPC levels are decreased in TSEs. These findings offer new insight into the study of TSEs: understanding this pathology also as a loss of function due to the reduction of PrPC. Recently, it was demonstrated that many of the functions related to PrPC were based on mouse models with impure background, and these need to be reevaluated. In this context, the present thesis focuses on the study of biology of the PrPC trying to understand TSEs symptomatology. Here we have developed new models in vitro and in vivo to study PrPC and to clearly define its functions. First of all, we generated and characterized the first iPSC model from a patient with TSEs with comorbidity with Tauopathy. We have developed a neuronal culture that reproduces a large part of the patient's phenotype: astrogliosis, cell death, delayed neuronal differentiation and increased Tau hyperphosphorylation. Although we have not observed the generation of misfolded PrPC, we have created the first directly derived TSE patient model that allows us to study Tauopathy and its comorbidity. Secondly, we studied the neuroprotective role of PrPC. It had previously been noted that knock-out animals were more susceptible to epilepsy, but other groups reported contradictory results. To resolve this controversy, we evaluated the epileptic response of four different Prnp0/0 mouse strains. Our results show that PrPC does play a role in epilepsy neuroprotection. Moreover, we observed that you PrPC need to be anchored to the membrane and express its N-terminal domain to perform this function. Finally, we focused in the characterization of a new model of Prnp0/0 mouse (ZH3) generated under a pure co-isogenic background. Our results show anxious behavior, reduced activity and deterioration of learning capabilities in animals ZH3-Prnp0/0. The absence of PrPC also causes high synaptic excitability, greater epileptic susceptibility and prevents the generation of long-term potentiation. In addition, our in vitro approach shows a delay in the formation of networks and a low connectivity. In summary, this thesis has provided new information on the physiological functions of PrPC from the regulation of the phosphorylation of the Tau protein in a pioneer model of iPSC from patients, to neuroprotection, neurotransmission and behavior in animal models.
Moreno, Fortuño David. "Prions i Agregons com a Inhibidors de Start: una Via a l’Envelliment Cel·lular." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404674.
Full textSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a suitable model to study the aging process at the cellular level thanks to its mechanism of asymmetric division. Analogous to aging in higher organisms, which contain somatic cells that age with the individual and germline cells that are able to form a new individual and are virtually immortal in the population, in S. cerevisiae we can distinguish two types of cells: mother cells, which age and can produce 20 to 30 daughter cells, and daughter cells which are capable of becoming mothers and produce about 20-30 more daughter cells regardless of the age of the mother at birth, unless the mother is already very old). Therefore, studying mother cell aging in budding yeast can uncover many of the mechanisms that drive cell aging, especially at the molecular level. Among the features that mother cells acquire during aging, the accumulation of insoluble protein deposits, carbonylated proteins and proteotoxic aggregates is thought to play a very important role. As this seems to play a prominent role in higher organisms, along with mitochondrial affectations, we were interested in understanding the relationship between the presence of these proteotoxic deposits and the machinery of cell cycle, especially during G1 on the Start network. We know that chaperones play a key role at Start to trigger entry into the cell cycle and, by being hijacked by proteotoxic aggregates in aged cells, they could be a direct cause of replicative senescence. To test this hypothesis, we first assessed that proteotoxic aggregates delay G1 progression, abolish the coordination between growth rate and critical size at Start, and strongly reduce the longevity of yeast cells. On the other hand, using different approaches that allow to study aged mother cells of yeast (some of which developed in this work), we have found that there is a clear delay in G1 progression in the last cycles of aged cells, most cells dying within this cell cycle phase, when in young mother cells this is the shortest phase of the cell cycle. Especially relevant to our work, we have shown that availability of chaperones is remarkably lower in aged mother cells. Finally, we have seen that overexpression of the cell cycle activator Cln3 is able to extend cell longevity, even if this overexpression is triggered in partially aged cells or in cells lacking some key chaperones for the activation of the cell cycle. In summary, as a consequence of the accumulation of proteotoxic aggregates in aged cells, loss of chaperone activity would eventually compromise cell cycle entry and, therefore, would explain why cells lose their proliferative capacity during the aging process.
Vergara, Paños Cristina. "Papel regulador de la proteína priónica celular en la enfermedad de Alzheimer y uso de gamma-péptidos como potenciales agentes terapéuticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/296795.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Nowadays, it affects more than 30 million people worldwide. The disease is characterised by cognitive impairment and behavioural changes. At the pathophysiological level, it is characterised by the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aß), and tau protein. Tau protein interacts with tubulin, stabilizing the microtubules and taking part in their polymerization. In the disease, the protein becomes hyperphosphorylated destabilizing the microtubules, and self-aggregates to form paired helical filaments (PHF), and later neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The amyloid precursor protein (APP), in the disease is processed by beta- and gamma-secretases, resulting in the formation of Aß peptide, in the amyloidogenic pathway, that aggregates forming amyloid plaques. It has been described that oligomeric forms, an intermediate aggregation state, are the most toxic species, and PrPC, that has been described of as having high affinity for Aß oligomers, could be a receptor and a mediator of their toxicity. PrPC is known for its participation in transmissible spongiform diseases (TSEs), in its pathogenic form called PrPSc, that accumulates in the brain forming aggregates, although amyloid aggregates and a decrease in PrPC levels have also been found. This protein takes part in processes like neuritogenesis or synaptic transmission, and there are evidences that it could have a neuroprotective role in the brain. We have studied the participation of PrPC in AD, in the accumulation Aß, as well as in tau phosphorylation. Our results point to a possible neuroprotective function of PrPC. On the one hand, we have observed that PrPC would regulate tau phosphorylation, caused by oligomeric forms of Aß specifically, and not by insoluble and fibrillary aggregates, by modulating tau expression levels. We have also seen that an overexpression of PrPC correlates with an increase in tau phosphorylation but also with an increase in Aß deposit, pointing to a possible loss of its neuroprotective function. We have also studied the relation between Aß and PrPC, in TSEs. There are evidences that PrPC regulates Aß levels in AD, and, as there are amyloid aggregates and a decrease in PrPC levels in TSEs, we addressed the role of Aß deposit in prion infectivity. Our results suggest that those deposits do not affect infectivity. Finally, from a therapeutic point of view, there are only palliative treatments for AD, focused on compensating neurotransmitters that are not well regulated in the brain, like acetylcholine or glutamate. Although there are a lot of alternatives in different clinical phases, some of them showed secondary effects like meningoencephalitis, while others did not improve symptoms in patients. In this work, we suggest an alternative from the screening of a library formed by proline-derived gamma-peptides, from which we have identified a candidate with properties related with neuritogenesis, and a decrease in Aß levels by modulating beta-secretasa BACE1.
Apodaca, Jennifer J. "Regulation of prion protein in yeast and mammalian cells via ubiquitin mediated degradation a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.libproxy.uthscsa.edu/pqdweb?did=1594496391&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textSang, Chieh. "Single molecule fluorescence studies of prions and prion-like proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287929.
Full textSun, Meng. "Development of the new yeast-based assays for prion properties." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45831.
Full textChen, Buxin. "Prion species barrier at the short phylogenetic distances in the yeast model." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29762.
Full textCommittee Chair: Chernoff, Yury; Committee Member: Bommarius, Andreas; Committee Member: Doyle, Donald; Committee Member: Lobachev, Kirill; Committee Member: Yi, Soojin. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Premzl, Marko, and Premzl@anu edu au premzl@excite com Marko. "Prion Protein Gene and Its Shadow." The Australian National University. The John Curtin School of Medical Research, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050328.164529.
Full textHeiseke, Andreas. "Prions and autophagy: Effect of lithium on prion infection and role of basal autophagy in primary prion infection." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=818228.
Full textBoudet-Devaud, François. "La protéine prion cellulaire : un relai de neurotoxicité commun aux protéines amyloïdes et aux nanoparticules Protective role of cellular prion protein against TNFα-mediated inlammation through TACE α-secretase PrPSc-induced PDK1 overactivation promotes the production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in prion diseases Corruption of cellular prion protein signaling by titanium dioxide or carbon black nanoparticles promotes the accumulation of amyloid-β peptides." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB127.
Full textThe cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a protein mostly expressed at the plasma membrane of neurons. Its transconformation into the pathogenic prion PrPSc is at the root of prion diseases. It is clearly established that the PrPSc-induced neurodegeneration depends on the expression of PrPC in neurons and results from the corruption of PrPC function(s) by PrPSc. Unravelling the role of PrPC is thus a prerequisite to grasp neurodegeneration mechanisms in prion diseases. Part of my work shows that PrPC exerts a cytoprotective function against TNFalpha inflammatory cytokine. PrPC silencing in neurons (PrPnull-neurons) renders these cells highly sensitive to TNFalpha due to surface accumulation of TNFalpha receptor (TNFR). My work demonstrates that the loss of PrPC regulatory function on the clustering and signaling downstream of bêta 1 integrins in PrPnull neurons provokes the overactivation of the kinase PDK1, subsequent internalization of TACE alpha-secretase, and uncoupling of TACE from TNFR substrate. Because of the phenotypic proximity between PrPnull neurons (Ezpeleta et al. 2017) and PrPSc-infected neurons (Pietri et al. 2013; Alleaume-Butaux et al. 2015), my work supports the view of a loss of PrPC protective function in prion diseases. As concerns prion infection, my work shows that after PDK1 overactivation, internalized TACE is uncoupled from another substrate, the amyloid peptides precursor protein (APP), leading to the accumulation of neurotoxic peptides Abêta 40 and Abêta 42, hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Within a prion infectious context, Abêta 40/42 peptides are predominantly present as monomers, and to a lesser extent, as trimers and tetramers. By combining in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that Abêta peptides produced by infected neurons do not alter replication nor the infectivity of prions. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that oligomerized Abêta is able to form amyloid plaques in the brain of transgenic APP23 mice infected by prions. In these mice, Abêta deposits accelerate prion pathogenesis. The last axis of my work deals with nanoparticles, that is, nanometric materials commonly found in manufactured products and industrial processes. My work shows that, as PrPSc and Abêta, titanium dioxide or carbon black assemblies interact with PrPC at the surface of neurons and deviate its signaling function, which leads, inter alia, to PDK1 overactivation, TACE internalization, TNFR accumulation at the plasma membrane, and neuronal cells hypersensitivity to TNFalpha inflammatory stress. We also found that nanoparticle-induced TACE uncoupling from APP increases Abêta peptide production by neurons. Even if no epidemiological study has demonstrated to date a link between nanoparticle exposure and Alzheimer's disease, my work suggests an causal implication of nanoparticles in the initiation or amplification of this disease
Bariar, Bhawana. "Effects of the components of the Get pathway on prion propagation." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26659.
Full textCommittee Chair: Chernoff,Yury; Committee Member: Cairney,John; Committee Member: Choi,Jung; Committee Member: Doyle,Donald; Committee Member: Lobachev,Kirill. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Peyrin, Jean-Michel. "Implication des cellules microgliales dans la neuropathologie des maladies à prions." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P226.
Full textBamia, Aline. "Identification de nouvelles molécules anti-prions et caractérisation de leurs modes d'action." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0047.
Full textPrion is infectious protein responsible of neurodegenerative diseases in human and animal. Scrapie in goat and sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in human are prion-related diseases. Prion diseases are fatal and to date there is no efficient treatment against these troubles. This is why in our lab we focus on identification of new compounds efficient against prions. Flunarizine was identified as new anti-prion compound efficient against yeast prion [PSI+] and [URE3], and against mammalian prion PrPSc in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Flunarizine may be good drug candidate against prion diseases due to its anti-prion potential in different model. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) around flunarizine hightlights 31 compounds out of 47 which inhibit prion PrPSc propagation in vitro. Six of most efficient compounds cleared prion PrPSc in organotypic slice culture. There were no relationship between flunarizine and related compound activities against prion PrPSc and their known mode of action. The most potent compounds against PrPSc inhibit PFAR (protein folding activity of ribosome). PFAR is a protein chaperon activity which is involved in yeast prion [PSI+] propagation. Many tested compounds are good candidates for drugs repurposing against prion diseases because of their important activity against PrPSc prion.Inhibition of PFAR by all the hightly effective flunarizine related compounds, suggest that PFAR may be consider as cellular target for prion related-diseases treatment
Ezpeleta, Juliette. "Du rôle physiologique de la protéine prion cellulaire à l'infection par les prions : régulation/dérégulation du module de signalisation PDK1/TACE α-secrétase Protective role of cellular prion protein against TNFα-mediated inflammation trough TACE α-secretase Cerebellar compartmentation of prion pathogenesis Production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in prion diseases upon PrPSc-induced PDK1 overactivation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB004.
Full textPrion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation into the central nervous system of an abnormally folded protein called Scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc is the transconformational isoform of a ubiquitous protein of the host named cellular prion protein (PrPC). It is well established that the toxicity of PrPSc is restricted to neurons and arise from a corruption of the physiological function(s) of PrPC. However, the mechanisms by which PrPSc exerts its neurotoxicity remain poorly understood, partly because the physiological function(s) of PrPC is/are still elusive. Currently, no one knows if PrPC loses a protective role or acquires a toxic function upon its conversion into PrPSc, a combination of both events is also possible. Identifying PrPC-associated function(s) is thus a prerequisite to understand how PrPSc provokes neurodegeneration. The present work reports for the first time a protective role of PrPC towards the pro-inflammatory cytokine sTNF-alpha-associated toxicity. We show that PrPC adjusts cell sensitivity to sTNF-alpha by controlling TACE-dependent TNFR1 shedding. Mecanistically, PrPC governs both (i) TACE activity, through PrPC coupling to NADPH oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species production, and (ii) TACE localization, by downregulating the beta-1 integrins/ROCK/PDK1 signaling pathway, thus PrPC ensures the bioavailability of an active TACE at the plasma membrane. PrPC depletion provokes the micro-aggregation of beta-1 integrins, the overactivation of ROCK and PDK1 kinases, and the subsequent internalization of TACE into Caveolin-1 enriched micro-vesicles. This leads to a defect of TNFR1 shedding, which accumulates at the plasma membrane and renders PrPC-depleted neurons highly vulnerable to sTNF-alpha insult. These alterations have also been reported in prion-infected neurons with the same intensities, supporting the view that a loss-of-the protective function of PrPC towards sTNF-alpha likely occur along prion diseases. Within a prion infectious context, a collaborative work revealed that the cerebellar Purkinje cells that do not express zebrins are highly vulnerable to the toxicity of two prion strains, 22L and ME7, compared to Purkinje cells that express zebrins. This suggest a protective role of zebrins against PrPSc-associated toxicity. A major part of my thesis identifies a new target deregulated downstream from the PDK1/TACE signaling module, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), well-known for its implication in Alzheimer's disease. By abrogating the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by TACE, PrPSc provokes the overproduction of Abeta40/42 peptides. Abeta40/42 predominates as monomers but are also found as multimeric assemblies, i.e. trimers and tetramers. PrPSc-induced Abeta40/42 overproduction relates to PDK1 overactivation as pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 attenuates production of Abeta monomers and renders multimers undetectable. Of note, our work reveals that Abeta peptides do not impact on PrPSc replication nor infectivity. Nevertheless, Abeta40/42 peptides generated upon prion infection can deposit in mice brains only if an exogenous Abeta seed is co-transmitted with PrPSc. Importantly, Abeta deposition leads to early death of prion-infected mice. This work delineates the conditions that allow Abeta plaques formation and highlights the onset of a mixed-pathology caused by the co-occurrence of PrPSc and Abeta deposition within a prion infectious context
Krejciova, Zuzana. "Exposure and response of human non-neuronal cells to prions in vitro." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8186.
Full textLenuzza, Natacha. "Modélisation de la réplications des Prions : Implication de la dépendance en taille des agrégats de PrP et de l'hétérogénéité des populations cellulaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453321.
Full textBorges, Álvarez Marta. "Establiment de metodologia analítica per a la purificació, separació i caracterització de biomarcadors proteics de malalties neurodegeneratives." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119540.
Full textIn this thesis, we developed an analytical method for the purification, separation and characterization of cellular prion (PrPC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), two proteins related to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), respectively. The TSEs are characterized by the accumulation of the pathological form of PrPC (PrPSc) in the brain of affected animals, whereas in ALS it is observed the formation of aggregates of SOD-1. Today, factors that initiate and regulate the interactions that lead to the formation of protein aggregates in many neurodegenerative diseases are still unknown. Some authors suggest mechanisms based on the structural changes observed between the native and the pathology protein which cold be related with the conformation, the amino acid sequence, metals or post-translational modifications. In oligomeric proteins such as SOD-1, the dissociation of oligomers to monomers before aggregation it is also considered. So, it is crucial to increase the knowledge of the structure of these proteins and the mechanisms that govern its aggregation for understanding the disease development. This paper proposes a strategy for having an efficient recovery in the purification of bovine brain PrPC using conventional purification methods that not involves immunochemical procedures. The presence of PrPC was checked at different stages by western blot (WB). Then, the separation and characterization of the SOD-1 by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry with ion trap and time of flight analyzers (CE-IT-MS and CE-TOF-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time of flight mass analyzer (MALDI-TOF-MS) and ion mobility mass spectrometry with power nano-electrospray ionization source (n-ESI-IM-MS) was studied. The comparison of purified SOD-1 from blood samples of healthy individuals and patients with ALS have yielded some preliminary interesting conclusions about structural changes in the protein associated with cold be related with the disease.
Klingeborn, Mikael. "The prion protein in normal cells and disease : studies on the cellular processing of bovine PrPC and molecular characterization of the Nor98 prion /." Uppsala : Department of Molecular Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006105.pdf.
Full textBhamra, S. K. "Systematic mutagenesis of the mouse prion protein to identify critical regions for the efficient propagation of prions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443249/.
Full textRadreau, Félicie. "Cellules souches embryonnaires et neurales humaines : quand la PrP et l'APP "s'en mêlent" ou "s’emmêlent"." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT045/document.
Full textThe cellular Prion Protein (PrPc) is a ubiquitary protein mainly expressed in the central nervous system. It is particularly known for its conformational conversion in PrPSc in Prion diseases, which are proteinopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is associated with extracellular deposits of aggregated beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) derived from successive β- and the γ-secretase cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) expressed by neurons. PrPc and APP share some common functions and proteolytic pathways (α- or β-secretase), involving them in proliferation, differentiation, synaptogenesis and cellular survival. PrPc is involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of many stem cells: adult neural (NSC), hematopoietic (HSC) and human embryonic (hESC). Several publications also show that PrP downregulates the cleavage of APP in Aβ and positively regulates the cleavage of APP in sAPPα suggesting an anti-amyloïdogenic role of PrPc. PrP could also act as a receptor of Aβ at the neuronal surface inducing LTP inhibition and synaptic alteration. In this context, the specific objectives of my thesis were:- Study of the expression of PrP, APP and its cleavage residues during neural induction of hESC in NSC and neuronal differentiation.- Impact of the modulation of PrP expression on APP cleavages as well as on stem cells properties (survival, proliferation, differentiation). 1. Neural induction of hESC in NSCFor this project, we have used Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) for which the laboratory has an authorization from the “Agence de la Biomédecine”.For the neural induction, we have tested two protocols, the first one allows the obtention of neurospheres in suspension and then figures of “rosettes” composed of NSC, and a “monolayer” protocol that mimics the beginning of corticogenesis. An optimization of these protocols has been necessary (starting cell density, cell fixation methods to improve PrP detection). We have also determined the best conditions to analyze the expression of PrP, APP and its derived peptides (Aß, sAPPα/β). 2. Differentiation of NSCNSC derived from hESC were amplified and differentiated into neurons and/or astrocytes. Cells were characterized in particular by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR for the expression of the major astrocytic (GFAP) and neuronal markers (BIII-tubulin, doublecortin, synaptophysin) and the progressive decrease of NSC markers. Again we have determined the best conditions for cell density and kinetic time points for our analysis.3. Modulation of PrPC expression We have used lentiviral vectors allowing the expression of an anti-PrP shRNA, human PrP and respective controls. To achieve this task, lentiviral transductions of hESC and NSC were optimized: cell density, size of the seeding culture wells or MOI of lentivirus. Finaly, samples collected allowed us to evaluate the impact of PrPc modulation on the APP cleavages as well as on stem cells properties (survival, proliferation, differentiation)
Dakowski, Caroline. "Rôle de la protéine prion cellulaire (PRPC) dans la différenciation neuronale : Infection par les prions (PRPSC) et bases moléculaires de la neurodégénérescence." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T032.
Full textPeoc'h, Katell. "La protéine << prion-like >> Doppel humaine : caractérisation et relation avec la protéine prion." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N096.
Full textPrion are infectious agents accumulating in the central nervous system, constituted of PrPsc the modified isoform of the prion protein (PrPc), encoded by the PRNP gene. The Doppel protein (Dpl) is encoded by the PRND gene nearby PRNP. Four Polymorphisms of PRND are observed in human ; none of them modify the susceptibility to prion diseases. Prnd expression remains unchanged after infection in neuroblastoma cells. Dpl surexpression do not change the PrPsc accumulation in these cells and the cerebral accumulation of Dpl is not modified in patients with Cretzfeld-Jakob disease. Dpl in humans is so expressed both on germinal and somatic cells in the male genital tract, suggesting its implication in fertility. Sperm cells could make a good tool to investigate the interaction between Dpl and PrP wich are both. .
Rockenbach, Isabel Cristina. "Expressão da proteína prion celular no modelo da pilocarpina de epilepsia do lobo temporal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26929.
Full textMice lacking cellular prion protein (PrPc) are more sensitive to seizures induced by four different pharmacological protocols. The hippocampal formation of these animals exhibits supragranular mossy fiber sprouting which resembles that observed in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLEHS). These findings suggest that the PrPc may be involved in epileptogenesis in MTLE-HS. Here we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of the PrPc in the hippocampus of animals submitted to the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (PMTLE). Status epilepticus (SE) was induced with pilocarpine in three different groups of adult Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed 18 hours, 5 days, and 2 months after SE induction and the results were compared to the respective saline-injected control animals. Slices were processed for hematoxylin-eosin, PrPc immunohistochemistry and neo-Timm .PrPc was increased in the CA1 and in CA3 regions of the hippocampus 18 hours after pilocarpine injection. PrPc continued to be increased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus five days after pilocarpine injection. In the CA2 and granular regions of the hippocampus we did not observe significant differences in PrPc expression during the acute phase of PMTLE. In the chronic group, PrPc was expressed co-localized with mossy fiber sprouting. Cellular prion protein is differentially expressed at different phases of the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Transient expression of PrPc during the acute phase of the pilocarpine model may reflect changes which may render cells more resistant to seizure-induced damage and may be related to apoptosis or may to the initial phases of neuroplasticity. During the chronic period, PrPc is co-expressed in the same regions of mossy fiber sprouting. In chronic animals, PrPc might be related to neuroplasticity, epileptogenic processes, neurotransmission, or alternatively may be implicated in cellular protection against recurrent seizures.
Bardin, Thierry. "Études de motifs de signalisation amyloïde des bactéries aux champignons filamenteux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0274.
Full textA large variety of signaling pathways with roles in host defense are based on prion-like signal transduction mechanisms involving oligomeric complexes termed signalosomes. Some of them using amyloid fold transmission from a Nod-like receptor (NLR) to one or several effectors controlling programmed cell death have been described in filamentous fungi. In Podospora anserina, two such pathways based on motifs termed HRAM were already known. In the present work, we characterized a third death inducing amyloid signaling pathway involving a NLR, PNT1, and an effector, HELLP, based on the PP amyloid motif previously identified in Chaetomium globosum. We showed that the PP motif forms a prion termed [pi], which can trigger HELLP toxic activity. There is no cross-interaction with the two other P. anserina amyloid signaling pathways, they are all independent.Based on sequence homologies, it was formerly outlined that PP-motif could be related to RHIM motifs found in RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases controlling necroptosis in mammals. In this work, we showed that human RHIM motifs propagate as prions, termed [Rhim], in vivo in P. anserina and can partially cross-interact with [pi] prions therefore demonstrating at least a partial functional and probably structural homology between these motifs. Finally, bioinformatic studies aiming to find RHIM-like amyloid motifs in living organisms revealed the presence of such motifs uniquely in filamentous bacteria in genes layout similar to fungal amyloid signaling systems (adjacent genes encoding putative NLR/effector). These motifs were grouped in ten families. All the tested motifs formed prions in vivo in P. anserina, some of them partially interact with [pi] and [Rhim] prions, and the motifs of NLR/effector tandems cross seed reinforcing the hypothesis of amyloid signaling in Prokaryotes.Altogether, these results suggest conservative evolution of amyloid based signal transduction associated to programmed cell death over very long period from bacteria to fungi and to mammals
Howlin, Robert. "Decontamination of prions, prion-associated amyloid and infectivity from surgical stainless steel : implications for the risk of iatrogenic transmission of CJD." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/150533/.
Full textSarafoff, Nikolaus. "Amplifikation von Prionen in vitro." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-57072.
Full textGary, Charlotte. "Experimental Transmission of Alzheimer's Disease Endophenotypes to Murine and Primate Models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS412/document.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded β-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau proteins. There has been longstanding interest as to whether AD might be transmissible similarly to prion diseases. Our objective was to study the transmissibility of AD endophenotypes after AD brain intracerebral inoculation in mice and primates.First, we showed that AD experimental transmission accelerated Aβ pathology in two rodent models of early or late genetic β-amyloidosis. Then, we focused on a primate model of sporadic AD, the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). AD-inoculated adult lemurs progressively developed cognitive impairments, neuronal activity alterations and cerebral atrophy. AD-inoculated mouse lemurs also developed subtle β-amyloidosis in the absence of Tau pathology, 18 months after inoculation. The transmission of an AD-like pathology in the absence of severe neuropathological lesions is striking. Such observations have already been reported for prion diseases but never in the context of AD. Our results suggest that agents leading to AD-like alterations may be not immunohistopathological-detectable forms of Aβ or Tau proteins and transmitted experimentally.In conclusion, our results support the “prion-like” hypothesis of AD and provide further arguments for a dichotomy between the toxicity of deposited and soluble assemblies of Aβ or Tau proteins. Finally, they complement recent evidence supporting iatrogenic β-amyloidosis in humans and provide strong arguments to evaluate functional outcomes in potentially contaminated individuals
Grégoire, Sylvie. "Etude de la réponse immune contre la protéine du prion : perspectives thérapeutiques." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05N081.
Full textTSE are lethal neurodégénérative disorders. Some works showed that we could generate a relative immunity response against prion protein (PrP), the major or unique cause of the disease. This work permit to highlight immun peptides from the PrP. First, three peptides were identified, in PrP KO mice, for their capacité to induce T p143-172, p158--187 and B p98-127 immun responses. Second, these peptides were tested with the same immun protocol in PrP+ mice, but none gave a delectable immun response. Yet, a response could be obtained with these peptides by immunization with oligo-CpG. Finally, peptide p158-187 was validated for its immunprotective capacity during the lymphoinvasion phase, in mouse experimental scrapie. But some evidences of brain infiltrats could let think of a possible autoimmun reaction
Hingant, Erwan. "Contributions à la modélisation mathématique et numérique de problèmes issus de la biologie : applications aux Prions et à la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10135/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study, under several aspects, the formation of amyloids from proteins polymerization. The mathematical modelling of these phenomena in the case of in vitro or in vivo polymerisation remains questioned. We then propose here several models, which are also investigated from theoritical and numerical point of view. In the first part we present works done in collaboration with biologists. We propose two models based on the current theory on Prion phenomena that are designed for specific experimental conditions. These models allow us to analyse the experimental data obtained in laboratory and raise phenomena that remain unexplained by the theory. Then, from these results and biophysical considerations, we introduce a model which corroborates with data and provides a new approach on the amyloid formation in the particular case of Prion. This part is ended by the mathematical analysis of the model consisting of an infinite set of differentials equations. The system analysed is a Becker-Doring system coupled to a discrete growth-fragmentation system. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of a new model for polymerization of proteins with fragmentation subject to the surrounding variations of the fluid. Thus, we propose a model which is close to the experimental conditions and introduce new measurable macroscopic quantities to study the polymerization. The first introductory chapter states the stochastic description of the problem. We give the equations of motion for each polymers and monomers as well as a general formalism to study the limit in large number. Next, we give the mathematical framework and prove the existence of solutions to the Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski equation for the configurational density of polymers coupled to the diffusion equation for monomers. The last chapter provides a numerical method adapted to this problem with numerical simulations In the last part, we are interested in modelling Alzheimer’s disease. We introduce a model that describes the formation of amyloids plaques in the brain and the interactions between Aβ-oligomers and Prion proteins which might be responsible of the memory impairment. We carry out the mathematical analysis of the model. Namely, for a constant polymerization rate, we provide existence and uniqueness together with stability of the equilibrium. Finally we study the existence in a more general and biological relevant case, that is when the polymerization depends on the size of the amyloid
Pan, Tao. "Genetic and physical interaction of Sgt2 protein with prion-chaperone machinery." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45765.
Full textBenoist, Catherine. "Précautions à prendre en milieu hospitalier, face aux prions." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P161.
Full textNguyen, Phuhai. "Implication de l'activité chaperon de protéines du ribosome (PFAR) dans les mécanismes de prionisation & identification de nouvelles molécules antiprion." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0026/document.
Full textPrion diseases are considered neurodegenerative diseases. The incriminated agentis the prion protein PrPSc. The conversion of PrP from its native conformation PrPC tothe pathologic form PrPSc is the major element of the pathogenesis of prion diseases.However, the mechanisms involved in this conversion are poorly understood. In theyeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is no counterpart of the PrP protein. Howeverproteins acting as prion do exist in yeast, such as the Sup35 protein responsible forthe prion [PSI+], or the Ure2 protein responsible for the prion [URE3]. In previousstudies, our team isolated two compounds, 6AP and GA, which are active against theyeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3 ] and against the mammalian prion PrPSc in cellbasedassays as well as in vivo in a mouse model for prion diseases. These resultsdemonstrated that the prionisation mechanisms are at least partially conserved fromyeast to mammals. 6AP and GA specific and competitive inhibitors of the ProteinFolding Activity of the Ribosome (PFAR) thereby showing that the PFAR is oneconserved mechanism of the prionisation. Moreover, 6AP and GA have been provenactive against other amyloid diseases thus placing the PFAR as a key player in thepathophysiology of protein folding diseases. My thesis aims were to test theinvolvement of the PFAR in the initiation and / or propagation of prion, to identify newantiprion molecules and to understand their mechanisms of action. My results showthat the PFAR plays a central role in the yeast prion propagation. Indeed, PFARenrichment promotes the spontaneous appearance of the prion [PSI+] and at thesame time leads to an increased instability of the same prion. Thus, PFAR activityresembles the yeast Hsp104p chaperone protein activity in the maintenance andpropagation of all yeast prions. My results suggest that the PFAR and Hsp104pactivity are partially redundant and that only the PFAR should play this role inmammals. Meanwhile, we have identified new antiprion drugs that are active againstboth yeast and mammal’s prions. These compounds are all inhibitors of the PFAR.Our results contribute to a better understanding of the prionisation mechanisms andindicate that the PFAR is a promising therapeutic target for prion diseases andprobably also for common protein folding diseases.Keywords: prion, yeast, ribosome, protein chaperon, Hsp104
Crozet, Carole. "Souris transgéniques pour la protéine prion ovine : transmission d'encéphalopathies subaiguës spongiformes transmissibles naturelles et expérimentales : contribution à la caractérisation des maladies à prions." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T036.
Full textGougerot, Alexianne. "Physiopathologie et thérapeutique des prions humains : une approche cellulaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066087/document.
Full textPrion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorders, with no effective treatment. Brain lesions include neuronal vacuolization, astrogliosis, neuronal loss and the accumulation of PrPSc, an abnormal isoform of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrPc). Some forms of prion diseases are associated with tau fibrillar pathology similar to that observed in Alzheimer’s disease except that Abeta peptides are replaced by PrPsc. Here we used a primary neuronal cultures to first explore the interplay between the formation of prion protein assemblies and the occurrence of tau pathology, and secondly to evaluate in vitro human strain propagation and the efficiency of some antiprion compounds towards human prions. We showed that tau hyperphosphorylation in response to recombinant PrPs exposition was mutation-dependent, conformation-dependent and varied with the PrPc expression level of exposed neurons. This effect was mediated by PDK1 kinase. We also demonstrated for the first time that human prion isolates could propagate in an in vitro model. This model was also useful to evaluate the efficacy of antiprion compounds that was further validated in vivo. Our results help us to better understand the amyloid protein-tau physiopathology interplay and provide a useful and unique tool for fast evaluation of therapeutic compounds active against human prion strains in a repositioning strategy in such rare but devastating diseases
Gallozzi, Micaela. "Analyse du rôle de certains types cellulaires sur la propagation de l’agent infectieux des EST." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0055.
Full textThe expression of the PrP protein is necessary for the replication and the propagation of the infectious agent of the prion disease. The human PRNP gene is localized in the HSA20p12/p13 region, wich has been designated as the PRNP locus. It comprises 3 related genes: PRNP, that encodes PrPC, PRND that encodes Doppel and PRNT that encodes a new putative PrP-related testicular protein. We have investigated the structure of this locus in goats and described the occurrence in this species of a Prnt pseudogene. Analysis of this locus expression in developing goat testes and ovaries highlited a sex-dismorphic Prnd expression pattern. In association with the investigation of Doppel cellular and subcellular localization, these data suggest that this protein could be involved in testis differentiation. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to try to establish a cell culture model permissive to BSE replication and propagation, which despite efforts to several laboratories has yet to be obtained. Transgenic mouse models were created for controlling special and temporal expression of the Prnp gene in vivo as a first step towards a better understanding of the implication of specific cell types in TSE diseases and of the PrPc biological fuction. Two complementary approaches were used i) RNA interference and ii) tetracycline inducible promoters. Expression of a Prnp-targeted artificial miRNA allowed the efficient down regulation of PrPc. The level of inhibition achieved could reach 80 % and appeared to be directly related to the miRNA expression level. A bi-transgenic approach was used to assess in vivo the potential control of the expression of a modified Prnp minigene by the TRSID trans-repressor and doxycycline. The results obtained demonstrated that this methodology could lead to an efficient spatial and temporal control of PrPc expression in vivo, opening new opportunities in TSE researches. We are currently applying this system to try to further assess the induced rescue of inoculated mice by neuronal depletion of PrPc
Kouadri, Amal. "Le cuivre influence le stress oxydatif et l'inflammation associés à la mucoviscidose et régule la barrière jonctionnelle bronchique saine via la protéine prion cellulaire (PrPC)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV080/document.
Full textIn cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammation is detected early on in the airways, even before the onset of bacterial infection, suggesting that mechanisms other than infection are at the origin of the initial inflammatory processes. Among these processes, there is the oxidative stress. The latter is widely accepted as a critical component of several diseases. My PhD project was focused on the characterization of the role of the oxidative stress in triggering inflammation in the CF disease. I used normal (HBE) and cystic fibrosis (CFBE) human bronchial epithelial cells. I also used two cell models derived from CFBE upon either, a stable expression of the wild-type protein (CFBE-wt), or its mutant form; delF508 (CFBEdeltaF508). The characterization of the inflammatory profile in our cellular models confirmed the presence of an intrinsic inflammation inCFBE cells. This profile was independent of the expression of the CFTR protein and was not modified upon the treatments with different molecules known to correct the trafficking of the mutant CFTR (delF508) protein. This suggest that other parameters might be the cause of the CF intrinsic inflammation. Recent studies from our group showed that cells from bronchial CF patients displayed a decrease in copper (Cu) concentrations, and increase in the production of free radicals, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Cu/Zn-SOD. These results allowed us to establish a link between Cu levels, oxidative stress and inflammation. While investigating the levels of expression of a number of genes encoding proteins that control Cu homeostasis in HBE and CFBE cells, we found that the expression of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) was altered in CFBE cells. PrPC is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein involved in prion infection, propagation and aggregation in the central nervous system that leads to transmissible spongiforme encephalopathies (TSE) diseases. Despite several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the capacity of PrPC to interact with other proteins, to bind copper (Cu) with high affinity and to protect cells against oxidative stress, its physiological functions were still under investigations, particularly in extra-neuronal tissues, such as the bronchial epithelium. We have addressed the role of PrPC in the lung cellular architecture, by determining its impact on the integrity of the lung epithelial junctions. This was performed in relation to Cu homeostasis and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells. To further understand PrPC function, we developed a new HBE PrPC knock-out cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy. Overall, my project brought new insights into the understanding copper involvement in inflammation, oxidative stress and jonctionnal barriers, and how PrPC protein protect bronchial epithelial cells form copper-associated oxidative stress
Mercey, Raphaël. "Identification et caractérisation d'ARN ligands de la protéine prion." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3311.
Full textOne of the unsolved problems in prion diseases relates to the physiological function of cellular prion protein (PrP), of which a misfolded isoform is probably the only component of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) agent. Knowledge of the PrP-binding molecules may help in elucidating its role and understanding the pathological events underlying prion diseases. Because nucleic acids are known to bind PrP, we used the SELEX approach to identify the preferred RNA sequences that bind to the ovine recombinant PrP. Our best RNA presents 21 nucleotides shared with a previously described PrP aptamer. We believe that the prion protein may have a physiological function related to nucleic acids presenting some of the patterns we identified in our study. Theses nucleic acids could be involved in the composition of the infectious agent. These RNA can be useful for diagnostic or as new tools to study prion diseases
Chu, Clement SM. "Towards the structure of yeast prions." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390039.
Full textGierusz, Leszek A. "Folding and fibril formation of prions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56927/.
Full textToupet, Karine. "Stratégies thérapeutiques des maladies à prions." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20128.
Full textPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. These diseases are induced by the accumulation in the brain of the misfolded isoform of the normal cellular prion protein: PrPSc. The emergence of new risks of transmission for these diseases and the lack of efficient treatments, prompt us to search for new therapeutic strategies and targets. We developed two innovative therapeutic approaches. The first one consisted in searching for molecules able to trap preamyloid forms of PrPSc (dimers and trimers), known as key elements in the replication cycle of prions. A drugs screening approach, in silico and in cellulo, allowed us to discover thienyl pyrimidine and thienyl azine compounds able to specifically oligomerize PrPSc molecules. These PrPSc oligomers decrease prions infectivity in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Our second strategie is a gene therapy approach using the dominant negative properties of certain polymorphisms of the prion protein, such as the Q218K and Q167R mutants. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ218K and PrPQ167R mutants, in mice, at the terminal stage of the disease. We succeeded in significantly prolonging the survival time of mice of 20%, with two intracerebrally chronic injections of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ167R mutant. All our results not only open the way for new therapeutic strategies against prion diseases but also will benefit for therapies of other neurodegenerative disorders
Ekwa, Robert. "Les maladies à prions : problèmes épistémologiques." Paris 1, 2012. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/les-maladies-a-prions--problemes-epistemologiques--volume-2--vache-folle-et-raisonnements-causals-41085.
Full textRagagnin, Audrey. "Mort neuronale et maladies à prions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ094/document.
Full textThe conversion of the protective cellular prion protein PrPC into an infectious, neurotoxic conformer PrPSc is a feature of prion diseases. In the prion-diseased brain, the loss of PrPC, the production of pathogenic PrPSc and inflammation contribute to neuronal death by still unknown mechanisms.The present results validate cerebellar organotypic cultures as a valuable experimental system to study ex vivo these mechanisms and provide insight into the apoptotic and autophagic processes activated by the absence of PrPC in Prnp-deficient mice and by PrPSc prions and lead to the death of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. A second line of research in situ showed that the anatomo-functional compartmentation of the mouse cerebellum is an endogenous parameter of the pathogenesis of the 22L scrapie prions. Finally, another in situ approach revealed that prions increase the levels of TNFR1, a receptor for the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α at the membrane of the astrocytes enveloping Purkinje cell excitatory synapses in the cerebellar cortex of infected mice. This implies that the response of synaptic complexes to prions involves a glial component