Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prism layer

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Prism layer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Prism layer"

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Pukas, Svitlana, and Roman Gladyshevskii. "The new structure type Gd3Ni7Al14." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 11 (October 16, 2015): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615018082.

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The crystal structure of Gd3Ni7Al14(trigadolinium heptanickel tetradecaaluminide) belongs to a family of two-layer structures and can be described as an assembly of interpenetrating centred straight prisms. For the Ni atoms, trigonal prisms (Al4Gd2and Al6) are observed, the Al atoms are inside tetragonal (Ni2Al2Gd4, Ni2Al4Gd2, Al4Gd4, Ni4Al4and Al8) and pentagonal (Ni4Al6and Al10) prisms, while the Gd atoms are at the centres of pentagonal (Ni4Al6) and hexagonal (Ni4Al8) prisms. In each case, the true coordination polyhedron is a capped prism, also including atoms from the same layer. The structural features of Gd3Ni7Al14are similar to those of the intermetallides PrNi2Al3and ZrNiAl. In all these structures, Ni-centred trigonal prisms form infinite columnsviacommon triangular faces. The columns share prism edges and form a three-dimensional framework with six-membered rings in the (001) plane in the case of the PrNi2Al3and ZrNiAl types. In the case of Gd3Ni7Al14, six-membered rings are also observed, but only two-thirds of the rings are interconnectedviaprism edges.
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Antoniou, J., and G. Bergeles. "Development of the Reattached Flow Behind Surface-Mounted Two-Dimensional Prisms." Journal of Fluids Engineering 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243524.

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Velocity and turbulence measurements are presented for the region after reattachment behind a two dimensional surface-mounted prism of varying length. The prism is mounted on the floor of an open circuit blow down wind tunnel and flow parameters for the developing boundary layer are deduced from the measurements; longitudinal integral time and length scales are estimated through autocorrelations. Reattchment on top of the prism, due to its increased length, affects the characteristics of the developing boundary layer; in this case the shear layer originating from the up-stream edge of the prism splits twice at reattachment points on top and behind the prism and the integral length scales of the turbulent eddies are found to be smaller due to the splitting.
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Lander, D. C., D. M. Moore, C. W. Letchford, and M. Amitay. "Scaling of square-prism shear layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 28, 2018): 1096–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.443.

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Scaling characteristics, essential to the mechanisms of transition in square-prism shear layers, were explored experimentally. In particular, the evolution of the dominant instability modes as a function of Reynolds number were reported in the range $1.5\times 10^{4}\lesssim Re_{D}\lesssim 7.5\times 10^{4}$. It was found that the ratio between the shear layer frequency and the shedding frequency obeys a power-law scaling relation. Adherence to the power-law relationship, which was derived from hot-wire measurements, has been supported by two additional and independent scaling considerations, namely, by particle image velocimetry measurements to observe the evolution of length and velocity scales in the shear layer during transition, and by comparison to direct numerical simulations to illuminate the properties of the front-face boundary layer. The nonlinear dependence of the shear layer instability frequency is sustained by the influence of $Re_{D}$ on the thickness of the laminar front-face boundary layer. In corroboration with the original scaling argument for the circular cylinder, the length scale of the shear layer was the only source of nonlinearity in the frequency ratio scaling, within the range of Reynolds numbers reported. The frequency ratio scaling may therefore be understood by the influence of $Re_{D}$ on the appropriate length scale of the shear layer. This length scale was observed to be the momentum thickness evaluated at a transition point, defined where the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability saturates.
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Iverson, N. R., T. S. Hooyer, U. H. Fischer, D. Cohen, P. L. Moore, M. Jackson, G. Lappegard, and J. Kohler. "Soft-bed experiments beneath Engabreen, Norway:regelation infiltration, basal slip and bed deformation." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 182 (2007): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214307783258431.

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AbstractTo avoid some of the limitations of studying soft-bed processes through boreholes, a prism of simulated till (1.8 m × 1.6 m × 0.45 m) with extensive instrumentation was constructed in a trough blasted in the rock bed of Engabreen, a temperate glacier in Norway. Tunnels there provide access to the bed beneath 213 m of ice. Pore-water pressure was regulated in the prism by pumping water to it. During experiments lasting 7–12 days, the glacier regelated downward into the prism to depths of 50–80 mm, accreting ice-infiltrated till at rates predicted by theory. During periods of sustained high pore-water pressure (70–100% of overburden), ice commonly slipped over the prism, due to a water layer at the prism surface. Deformation of the prism was activated when this layer thinned to a sub-millimeter thickness. Shear strain in the till was pervasive and decreased with depth. A model of slip by ploughing of ice-infiltrated till across the prism surface accounts for the slip that occurred when effective pressure was sufficiently low or high. Slip at low effective pressures resulted from water-layer thickening that increased non-linearly with decreasing effective pressure. If sufficiently widespread, such slip over soft glacier beds, which involves no viscous deformation resistance, may instigate abrupt increases in glacier velocity.
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Hidalgo-Gato, Marlon C., and Valéria C. F. Barbosa. "Fast 3D magnetic inversion of a surface relief in the space domain." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): J57—J67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0712.1.

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We have developed a fast 3D regularized magnetic inversion algorithm for depth-to-basement estimation based on an efficient way to compute the total-field anomaly produced by an arbitrary interface separating nonmagnetic sediments from a magnetic basement. We approximate the basement layer by a grid of 3D vertical prisms juxtaposed in the horizontal directions, in which the prisms’ tops represent the depths to the magnetic basement. To compute the total-field anomaly produced by the basement relief, the 3D integral of the total-field anomaly of a prism is simplified by a 1D integral along the prism thickness, which in turn is multiplied by the horizontal area of the prism. The 1D integral is calculated numerically using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature produced by dipoles located along the vertical axis passing through the prism center. This new magnetic forward modeling overcomes one of the main drawbacks of the nonlinear inverse problem for estimating the basement depths from magnetic data: the intense computational cost to calculate the total-field anomaly of prisms. The new sensitivity matrix is simpler and computationally faster than the one using classic magnetic forward modeling based on the 3D integrals of a set of prisms that parameterize the earth’s subsurface. To speed up the inversion at each iteration, we used the Gauss-Newton approximation for the Hessian matrix keeping the main diagonal only and adding the first-order Tikhonov regularization function. The large sparseness of the Hessian matrix allows us to construct and solve a linear system iteratively that is faster and demands less memory than the classic nonlinear inversion with prism-based modeling using 3D integrals. We successfully inverted the total-field anomaly of a simulated smoothing basement relief with a constant magnetization vector. Tests on field data from a portion of the Pará-Maranhão Basin, Brazil, retrieved a first depth-to-basement estimate that was geologically plausible.
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Liu, Y., L. Cao, W. K. Chi, L. Y. Zhang, W. M. Yang, and P. C. Xie. "Multi-Layer Counter-Pressure Injection Molding for Thick-Walled Optical Lens." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3994.

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Abstract In precision optical applications, plastics thick-walled optical lenses are increasing. Dimensional stability and optical performance are the critical issues that should be addressed for plastic thick-walled lenses. A novel multi-layer counter-pressure injection molding process is proposed in this study. The experimental prism mold with moveable pistons was developed to investigate the effects of layering methods, counter-pressure and their combination on thick-walled optical lenses. The experimental results reveal that counter-pressure injection molding is effective in improving shrinkage, transmittance and refractive index of the thick-walled optical prism. Counter-pressure of the piston provided lower melt velocity and shorter flow path of melt to improve polymer molecules orientation, and also offered continuous holding pressure during the filling stage to eliminate defects such as shrinkage or short shots. The combination of counter-pressure and multi-layer injection molding technology further improved the dimension stability and optical performance of the thick-walled optical lens. Much thinner layers than the final wall thickness of prism ensures shrinkage reduction during the cooling stages. A thick-walled optical prism was fabricated successfully upon applying a multi-layer counter-pressure injection molding process.
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Nakamura, Yasuharu, and Masamichi Nakashima. "Vortex excitation of prisms with elongated rectangular, H and [vdash ] cross-sections." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 163 (February 1986): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112086002252.

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This is an experimental investigation of vortex excitation of prisms with elongated rectangular, H- and [vdash ]-shaped cross-sections, where the depth parallel to the flow is much greater than the height perpendicular to the flow. Measurements are made of free oscillations in a wind tunnel and flow visualizations in a water tank. The flow around elongated bluff prisms is dominated by the impinging-shear- layer instability where the separated shear layers become unstable in the presence of different kinds of shape of the rear part of the cross-section, which may include sharp trailing edges. The two unstable shear layers interact with each other when they meet together downstream of the prism, thereby forming Kármán vortices with the same frequency of oscillation. The former impinging-shear-layer instability is largely responsible for vortex excitation of elongated bluff prisms.
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Risnes, S. "Ectopic Tooth Enamel. An SEM Study of the Structure of Enamel in Enamel Pearls." Advances in Dental Research 3, no. 2 (September 1989): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374890030022701.

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Eighteen human molars with enamel pearls ranging in diameter from 0.8 to 2.7 mm were sectioned, acid-etched, and processed for SEM observation. In addition to pearl enamel, the specimens contained crown enamel for comparison. All pearls were of the composite type. The enamel layer reached maximal thicknesses of between 0.3 and 0.7 mm opposite the tip of the dentinal cone. The enamel structure was normal, but more variable and irregular than crown enamel. The prism course was often irregular throughout the whole thickness of enamel. Distinct Hunter-Schreger bands were absent. Prisms and interprism were occasionally difficult to identify as separate entities. The packing of crystals seemed to be less tight in pearl enamel. The scarcity of Retzius lines was attributed to the method of preparation. Prism cross-striations with a periodicity ranging between 1.3 and 4.5 μm were frequently encountered. A superficial prism-free zone with a regular 1.7-2.5-μm striation was present in localized regions of many pearls. The formation time of a medium-sized pearl was calculated to be about 11.5 months. A variety of cross-cut prism configurations was observed. Occasional hypoplastic lesions and hypomineralized areas were encountered. In conclusion, pearl enamel possesses most of the structural attributes of crown enamel, but in general its organization seems to be less orderly. Enamel pearls represent developmental disturbances in position and timing more than in structure.
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Yampolskiy, A. L., and O. V. Makarenko. "Polarimetry of anisotropic surface layer on glass." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 4 (2020): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2020/4.13.

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Investigating the Stokes vector of light reflected from the surface of the optical glass, the presence of an anisotropic surface layer was established. The phase difference between radiation p- and s-components is revealed, which varies depending on the angle of incidence. This shows a weak anisotropy. Assuming that the anisotropic layer has an increased refractive index due to its chemical-mechanical treatment, it can be considered as some near-surface weakly guiding gradient burried waveguide. The possibility of coming radiation into such a planar waveguide using a coupling total reflection prism was investigated. The inspection showed a violation of the total internal reflection, unequal for p- and s-polarizations, which confirms the presence of the subsurface layer and its anisotropy. The absorption of radiation, which could be compared with the excitation of modes, is small. This is due to the properties of the prism material. Also, higher order modes are absorbed better. There is no significant angular dependence of the polarization degree of the output beam; however, it is higher in the case of s-polarization.
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Park, Sung-Gyu, Tae Yoon Jeon, Hwan Chul Jeon, Seung-Man Yang, Jung-Dae Kwon, Chae-Won Mun, Byungjin Cho, Chang Su Kim, and Dong-Ho Kim. "Fabrication of 3D ZnO hollow shell structures by prism holographic lithography and atomic layer deposition." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 11 (2014): 1957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tc32366h.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prism layer"

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江傑新 and Jackson Kong. "Analysis of plate-type structures by finite strip, finite prism and finite layer methods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233594.

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Kong, Jackson. "Analysis of plate-type structures by finite strip, finite prism and finite layer methods /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13788048.

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Páleš, Patrik. "Rotace kola ve výpočtech externí aerodynamiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231736.

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The aim of the master’s thesis is an investigation of volume mesh quality, turbulent models and models of rotation and their influence on aerodynamic coefficients of rotating wheels. Mesh independence study and near-wall prism layer modelling are also of high importance. Subsequently, the appropriate turbulent model is used for research of wheel rotation on drag and lift on a front and rear axle of the vehicle compared to the stationary case.
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Ekman, Petter. "A Sensitivity Study of Some Numerical and Geometrical Parameters Affecting Lift." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124197.

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Volvo Car Corporation (VCC) uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel during the aerodynamic development of new vehicles. In the past VCC main focus has been on the drag force correlation to the wind tunnel measurements but in recent years improved methods for lift force correlations has been highly wanted. Three objectives were considered in this study to improve the lift force correlation between the CFD simulations and wind tunnel measurements for geometrical configurations of the V60 and S60 models.Poor mesh resolution for the wall bounded flow existed for the VCC mesh method and therefore prisms layers were considered in this thesis to increase the mesh resolution inside the boundary layer.As slick tyres generally were used in the CFD simulations better geometrical correlation was wanted to be studied as it could improve the lift force correlation between CFD simulations and wind tunnel measurements. Therefore detailed tyres were considered in this study.As the coarsest surface mesh size was used for the underbody and the components inside the engine bay, where some of the highest flow velocities occurred, mesh refinements were investigated for engine bay and underbody in this study.The prisms layers improved the predicted behavior for the boundary layer as it captured the large velocity gradients more accurately. Due to this, the skin friction prediction was also improved. Different flow behavior around the front wheels and rear wake occurred due to earlier separation. The different flow field caused an improved correlation for the lift force but worsened correlation for the drag force due to increased pressure at the rear of the cars. However, the front lift force trend correlation for the considered configurations was improved with the prisms layer mesh method.The detailed tyres caused slight more disturbances for the underbody flow which caused more attached flow around the rear of the car hence lowered pressure. Earlier separation around the front wheels also occurred for the detailed tyre geometry as the disturbed flow around the wheels was increased. Slight improved correlation for the front and rear lift forces to the wind tunnel measurements could be seen with the detailed tyre compared to the slick tyre.The mesh refinements for the engine bay and underbody showed significant differences for the flow at the underbody which had significant impact on the flow at the rear wake for the V60 model. Minor differences could be seen for the aerodynamic forces for the baseline configuration for the V60 model while great differences occurred for the configurations affecting the underbody. Due to this significant improved correlation for the front and rear lift force trends were achieved for the underbody configurations with the refined engine bay and underbody mesh method.Conclusions could be drawn that the prisms layer caused earlier separation due to its increased mesh resolution for the wall bounded flow. However, finer mesh resolution was needed inside the boundary layer to ensure consistent separation behavior for both the considered models. Improved correlation for the front lift force could however be seen. The detailed tyre only had minor effects on the flow field and aerodynamic forces and therefore not so important to include for further studies. The refined engine bay and underbody caused significant improved lift force trend correlation to the wind tunnel measurements and should be considered for future studies. To improve the correlation between CFD simulations and wind tunnel measurements increased mesh resolution for the wall bounded flow should be considered to better capture the large velocity gradients close to the wall.
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Litvin, Igor A. "Intra–cavity laser beam shaping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4018.

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Thesis (PhD (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are many applications where a Gaussian laser beam is not ideal, for example, in areas such as medicine, data storage, science, manufacturing and so on, and yet in the vast majority of laser systems this is the fundamental output mode. Clearly this is a limitation, and is often overcome by adapting the application in mind to the available beam. A more desirable approach would be to create a laser beam as the output that is tailored for the application in mind – so called intra-cavity laser beam shaping. The main goal of intra-cavity beam shaping is the designing of laser cavities so that one can produce beams directly as the output of the cavity with the required phase and intensity distribution. Shaping the beam inside the cavity is more desirable than reshaping outside the cavity due to the introduction of additional external losses and adjustment problems. More elements are required outside the cavity which leads to additional costs and larger physical systems. In this thesis we present new methods for phase and amplitude intra– cavity beam shaping. To illustrate the methods we give both an analytical and numerical analysis of different resonator systems which are able to produce customised phase and intensity distributions. In the introduction of this thesis, a detailed overview of the key concepts of optical resonators is presented. In Chapter 2 we consider the well–known integral iteration algorithm for intra–cavity field simulation, namely the Fox–Li algorithm and a new method (matrix method), which is based on the Fox–Li algorithm and can decrease the computation time of both the Fox–Li algorithm and any integral iteration algorithms. The method can be used for any class of integral iteration algorithms which has the same calculation integrals, with changing integrants. The given method appreciably decreases the computation time of these algorithms and approaches that of a single iteration. In Chapter 3 a new approach to modeling the spatial intensity profile from Porro prism resonators is proposed based on rotating loss screens to mimic the apex losses of the prisms. A numerical model based on this approach is presented which correctly predicts the output transverse field distribution found experimentally from such resonators. In Chapter 4 we present a combination of both amplitude and phase shaping inside a cavity, namely the deployment of a suitable amplitude filter at the Fourier plane of a conventional resonator configuration with only spherical curvature optical elements, for the generation of Bessel–Gauss beams as the output. In Chapter 5 we present the analytical and numerical analyses of two new resonator systems for generating flat–top–like beams. Both approaches lead to closed form expressions for the required cavity optics, but differ substantially in the design technique, with the first based on reverse propagation of a flattened Gaussian beam, and the second a metamorphosis of a Gaussian into a flat–top beam. We show that both have good convergence properties, and result in the desired stable mode. In Chapter 6 we outline a resonator design that allows for the selection of a Gaussian mode by diffractive optical elements. This is made possible by the metamorphosis of a Gaussian beam into a flat–top beam during propagation from one end of the resonator to the other. By placing the gain medium at the flat–top beam end, it is possible to extract high energy in a low–loss cavity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is verskeie toepassings waar ʼn Gaussiese laser bundel nie ideaal is nie, in gebiede soos mediese veld, stoor van data, vervaardiging en so meer, en tog word die meeste laser sisteme in die fundamentele mode bedryf. Dit is duidelik ’n beperking, en word meestal oorkom deur aanpassing van die toepassing tot die beskikbare bundel. ’n Beter benadering sou wees om ʼn laser bundel te maak wat afgestem is op die toepassing - sogenaamde intra-resonator bundel vorming. Die hoofdoel van intra-resonator bundel vorming is om resonators te ontwerp wat direk as uitset kan lewer wat die gewenste fase en intensiteits-distribusie vertoon. Vorming van die bundel in die resonator is voordeliger omdat die vorming buite die resonator tot addisionele verliese asook verstellings probleme bydra. Meer elemente word benodig buite die resonator wat bydra tot hoër koste en groter sisteme. In hierdie tesis word nuwe fase en amplitude intra-resonator bundelvormings metodes voorgestel. Om hierdie metode te demonstreer word analitiese en numeriese analises vir verskillende resonator sisteme wat aangepaste fase en intensiteit distribusies produseer, bespreek. In die inleiding van die tesis word ʼn detailleer oorsig oor die sleutel konsepte van optiese resonators voorgelê. In hoofstuk 2 word die bekende integraal iterasie algoritme vir intraresonator veld simulasie, naamlik die Fox-Li algoritme, en ʼn nuwe metode (matriks metode), wat gebaseer is op die Fox-Li algoritme, en die berekeningstyd van beide die Fox-Li algoritme en enige ander integraal iterasie algoritme verminder. Die metode kan gebruik word om enige klas van integraal iterasie algoritmes wat dieselfde berekenings integrale het, met veranderde integrante (waar die integrand die veld van die lig golf is in die geval van die Fox-Li algoritme, IFTA, en die skerm metode. Die voorgestelde metode verminder die berekeningstyd aansienlik, en is benaderd die van ʼn enkel iterasie berekening. In hoofstuk 3 word ʼn nuwe benadering om die modellering van die ruimtelike intensiteitsprofiel van Porro prisma resonators, gebaseer op roterende verliese skerms om die apeks-verliese van die prismas te benader, voorgestel. ʼn Numeriese model gebaseer op hierdie benadering wat die uitset van die transversale veld distribusie in eksperimentele resonators korrek voorspel, word voorgestel. In hoofstuk 4 word ʼn tegniek vir die generering van Bessel-Gauss bundels deur die gebruik van ʼn kombinasie van amplitude en fase vorming in die resonator en ʼn geskikte amplitude filter in die Fourier vlak van ʼn konvensionele resonator konfigurasie met optiese elemente wat slegs sferiese krommings het, voorgestel. In hoofstuk 5 word die analitiese en numeriese analises van twee nuwe resonator sisteme vir die generering van sogenaamde “flat–top” bundels voorgestel. Beide benaderings lei na ʼn geslote vorm uitdrukking vir die resonator optika wat benodig word, maar verskil noemenswaardig in die ontwerptegniek. Die eerste is baseer op die terug voortplanting van plat Gaussiese bundel, en die tweede op metamorfose van Gaussiese “flat-top” bundel. Ons toon aan dat beide tegnieke goeie konvergensie het, en in die gevraagde stabiele modus lewer. In hoofstuk 6 skets ons die resonator ontwerp wat die selektering van ʼn Gaussiese modus deur diffraktiewe optiese element moontlik maak. Dit word moontlik deur die metamorfose van ’n Gaussiese bundel na ʼn “flat-top” gedurende die voortplanting van die een kant van die resonator na die ander. Deur die wins medium aan die “flat–top” kant van die bundel te plaas word dit moontlik om hoë energie te onttrek in ʼn lae verlies resonator.
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Kofakis, Petros-Alexis. "Prise et connaissance des objets en vrac." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112316.

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Dans cette thèse nous présentons une solution complète au problème de l’acquisition et de la reconnaissance d'une pièce dans un ensemble de pièces en désordre, à l'aide des informations que nous fournit un capteur de distances. Le système utilise tes données tridimensionnelles obtenues à partir d’un télémètre laser et cherche à trouver une région de la pièce qui se trouve au sommet du vrac et qui va nous permettre de la prendre. L’algorithme calcule la position, l'orientation et l'ouverture de la pince du robot de façon à optimiser le succès de préhension de la pièce. Une fois saisi par le robot, la pièce isolée désormais est montrée au système 30 de façon à la reconnaître et déterminer sa position et son orientation. La reconnaissance et la localisation sont formulées comme un problème de minimisation globale au sens des moindres carrés, sans avoir à taire d’appariement entre caractéristiques de la scène et caractéristiques du modèle. L’algorithme utilise des informations locales: les coordonnées de quelques points sur la surface de l’objet, plus une estimation de l’orientation de la normale de la surface en ces points
This thesis presents a complete solution to the problem of acquiring and recognizing an object among a set of randomly oriented objects in a bin, using range data. The system uses the information from a laser range-finder in order to isolate a workpiece, or more generally, a part of a workpiece to be handled by a robot. The position, orientation and aperture of the gripper are then calculated in such a way so as to optimize the success of prehension. The workpiece is then grasped and "shown" to the 30 system in order to recognize it, and determine its position and orientation relative to the robot hand. The recognition and localization are done with the use of very sparse information. This information is the coordinates of a set of points measured on the object's surface, plus an estimation of the surface normal direction at these points. The problem is formulated as a least-squares minimization problem, using just the geometric constraints available from object models
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Chung, Te-yuan. "THERMAL MANAGEMENT, BEAM CONTROL,AND PACKAGING DESIGNS FOR HIGH POWER." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3879.

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Several novel techniques for controlling, managing and utilizing high power diode lasers are described. Low pressure water spray cooling for a high heat flux system is developed and proven to be an ideal cooling method for high power diode laser arrays. In order to enable better thermal and optical performance of diode laser arrays, a new and simple optical element, the beam control prism, is invented. It provides the ability to accomplish beam shaping and beam tilting at the same time. Several low thermal resistance diode packaging designs using beam control prisms are proposed, studied and produced. Two pump cavity designs using a diode laser array to uniformly pump rod shape gain media are also investigated.
Ph.D.
Other
Optics and Photonics
Optics
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Unal, Ugur. "Optomechanical Analysis And Experimental Validation Of Bonding Based Prism And Mirror Mounts In A Laser System." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614161/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, different optomechanical design and adhesive configurations for mounting mirrors and prisms used in a laser system are investigated. Maintaining stability and strength of optical components of a laser device is difficult especially if the system is to be used in military environment. In order to determine the strength of prism mounts to high acceleration levels, mathematical correlations derived by Yoder are used. By use of these mathematical correlations, safety factor of different prism mounts and adhesive configurations are calculated for an acceleration level of 40g. So as to decide most stable mirror mount and adhesive configuration, several experiments are conducted. For the experiments, 5 different optomechanical mounts are designed. Then, 25 mirrors are bonded to the designed mounts with 5 different adhesives. These experiments are done to simulate harsh military environmental conditions such as thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock. In the experiments, angular movement of mirrors due to adhesive cure, thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock are monitored. Thermal shock is applied between -40º
C and 70º
C with a temperature change of 22º
C/min. On the v other hand, mechanical vibration of 14 grms and mechanical shock of 40g for 6 ms is applied in the experiments. Shortly, this study is done for determination of the most stable mirror and prism mount design and adhesive combination of a laser system subjected to extremely harsh environments.
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Grundmark, Jens. "Investigation of a New Method for Drone Dazzling Using Laser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178918.

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Drones have become more common, and are commercially available for consumers. Small drones can be used for unauthorized information gathering, or to cause disruptions. This has created a need for safe, effective countermeasures against drones. In this thesis, a method for countermeasures against drone imaging is investigated. The method is based on aiming and focusing a laser beam toward the camera of the drone. The retroreflection from the target is used as a feedback signal. Risley prisms were used to aim the beam, and an electrowetting lens was used to control the focus. Control algorithms based on the method called Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD), line searching and the Kalman filter are presented and evaluated. An experimental setup was used to track a moving target and dazzle a camera, demonstrating the validity of the method. Additionally, a simulation environment was used to estimate the potential performance of the control algorithms in a realistic scenario, under ideal circumstances.
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Khelkhal, Mohammed. "Étude et réalisation d'un laser à CO2 pris en main à excitation radiofréquence." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10094.

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L'utilisation du laser à CO2 dans le domaine biomédical est limitée par l'absence de fibres optiques performantes pour le déport du faisceau IR. Pour élargir son domaine d'application, nous avons réalisé une tête laser miniaturisée (long. 25 cm diam. : 22 mm) pour être prise en main, de puissance de sortie ajustable (0-30 Watts) avec un faisceau de structure et de polarisation contrôlées. Les performances élevées ont été obtenues grâce à une simplification extrême de la structure du laser guide d'onde et à l'excitation RF du milieu amplificateur en régime d'écoulement de gaz. Dans la technologie retenue, nous avons privilégié les solutions à faible coût de revient (utilisation du Nitrure de Bore). Nous avons caractérisé la tête laser (puissance et rendement) dans différentes conditions de puissance d'excitation et de pression du milieu amplificateur. La puissance maximale est de 37 Watts avec un rendement de 10%. Nous avons déterminé les caractéristiques optiques du milieu amplificateur (résistance de décharge, coefficient de gain linéaire et intensité de saturation) et étudié la structure des modes d'émission qui dépend de la valeur d'indice complexe de réfraction du BN que nous avons déterminé à 10 micromètres. Nous avons enfin étudié les possibilités d'utilisation de cette source en milieu hospitalier ou en milieu industriel (blindage de la source, visualisation du point d'impact du faisceau infrarouge et commande de la puissance de sortie)
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Books on the topic "Prism layer"

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Lin, C. W., N. F. Chiu, and C. C. Chang. Modulation design of plasmonics for diagnostic and drug screening. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.18.

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This article discusses the modulation design of plasmonics for diagnosis and drug screening applications. It begins with an overview of the advances made in terms of theoretical insights, focusing on the origins of surface plasmon wave and manipulation, admittance loci design method, and surface plasmon grating coupled emission. It then considers how prism coupler, Ge-doped silica waveguide, nanograting and active plasmonics can trigger the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It also examines the metallic effect of long-range surface plasmon resonance and conducting metal oxide as adhesive layer before describing three SPR waveguide biosensors that were developed for the realization of a hand-held SPR system. In particular, it presents a lateral-flow microfluidic channel based on a nitrocellulose membrane and integrated with a SPR waveguide biosensor to achieve dynamic detection. Finally, the article evaluates the biomolecular layer effect, with emphasis on kinetics analysis of antibody binding.
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Drummond, John J. Husserl’s Middle Period and the Development of his Ethics. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.11.

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This chapter considers several important themes of Husserl’s middle period through the prism of important developments in his ethical thought. The chapter examines the transformation in Husserl’s ethics from the idealized consequentialism of his early thought to a personalist ethics based on the notion of absolute loves and the absolute duties they impose. The examination proceeds by considering, first, the role the Husserlian themes of the personalistic attitude, time-consciousness, and absolute consciousness play in this transformation. Consideration is given, second, to the Fichtean themes introduced into Husserl’s later ethical reflections and their consistency with the more general phenomenological positions Husserl has taken in the middle period. The chapter concludes that the metaphysical directions taken in Husserl’s later ethical thought cannot be justified phenomenologically.
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Oldfield, Paul. The Holy City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717737.003.0004.

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This chapter examines praise of cities through the prism of their religious virtues. It does so through the two main, but interrelated, approaches within which the medieval city was linked to the sacred. The first embedded the role of the city within wider Christian narratives about man’s salvation. It was invariably rooted in biblical and other patristic texts (particularly St Augustine’s City of God) and later connected to medieval Christian thinking on Jerusalem, the Heavenly City, and the triumph of Christianity. The second approach drilled down onto specific manifestations of the sacred character of a particular city—its patron saints, its religious buildings and shrines, its religious officials, its place within the universal Church hierarchy, and its pious citizenry.
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Wolf, Anne. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670757.003.0008.

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We are for reconciliation. As for the details, they can be discussed. The project may be amended, but it will pass.Rachid Ghannouchi1This book sheds light on Ennahda’s historical evolution, the backdrop to understanding its current ideological and political orientation. Following Tunisia’s 2010–11 uprisings, many pundits analysed political developments through the prism of ‘Islamists versus secularists’ or ‘modernists versus obscurantists’. Whilst typically contrasted with more secular currents, Ennahda actually has much in common with them. Since the mid-2000s its leaders have attempted to position their movement within the traditions of the nineteenth-century Tunisian reformist movement just as Bourguiba and Ben Ali had sought to do decades earlier. Like them, senior Ennahda figures have engaged in a rewriting of history to portray their organisation as entirely non-violent and democratic, attempting to erase from its memory periods that conflict with this narrative. Bourguiba did so by downplaying, if not denying outright, his violent crackdown on the Ben Youssef opposition, an approach both he and Ben Ali later adopted regarding a range of dissidents. Ennahda leaders have taken a similar approach, if on a smaller scale, when dismissing the existence of plans in the 1980s to overthrow the regime by force. They have also downplayed the past violence of some of its own members. Rather than acknowledging past mistakes and controversies, the vast majority of its activists have internalised a one-sided discourse of victimisation and suffering....
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Book chapters on the topic "Prism layer"

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Ushiro, Yusuke, Daisuke Okai, Atushi Yamamoto, Yutaka Fukushima, Yoshitaka Tanaka, Yoshikazu Taniguchi, Kiyoshi Matsunaga, and Eiji Yamanaka. "Adhesion Strength of the Interface between Tin Film and White Layer." In PRICM, 1845–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch230.

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Wang, Nan, Han Wen, Weijun Huang, Naiyuan Dou, and Min Chen. "Effect of Steel Composition on the Scale Layer Composition in Continuous Casting." In PRICM, 747–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch92.

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Miura, Hideshi, Hyungoo Kang, Yang Xu, Fujio Tsumori, and Toshiko Osada. "Direct Laser Forming for More Complex Shaped Titanium Alloy Compacts." In PRICM, 1587–95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch199.

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Gu, Zhenyu, Xiao Xu, Mengshuan Lei, Wen Feng, and Sen Yang. "Grain Boundary Engineering of SUS304 by Laser Shocking and Annealing." In PRICM, 2199–204. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch274.

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Duggan, G., M. Tong, and DJ Browne. "Front Tracking Model of Simultaneous Melting and Solidification during Multiple Layer Deposition in GMA Welding." In PRICM, 3017–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch373.

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Xiong, Yuqing, Ni Ren, Jizhou Wang, and Maojin Dong. "Model for Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminumon Inner Wall of Rectangular Pipes Withlarge Length Aspect Ratio." In PRICM, 1967–73. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch244.

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Zhang, Xu, Shanwu Yang, Jianye Huang, Yu He, and Xinlai He. "Self-Repairing of Damaged Rust Layers on Carbon Steel and Weathering Steel." In PRICM, 891–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch110.

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Techapiesancharoenkij, Ratchatee, Pathompong Janetaisong, Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat, and Apirat Laobuthee. "Electrochemical Codeposition of Ti-dispersed Ni-matrix Layers by Pulse-Form Current." In PRICM, 1909–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch238.

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Kim, S. J., Y. H. Kim, S. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. U. Han, S. J. Byun, and I. Chung. "A Study on Contact Resistance Failure between Al-Ti-TiN Multi-Layer and W-via Caused by Hillock Formation." In PRICM, 1863–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch232.

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Nuñez, D. A., M. A. Ramirez-Argaez, and A. N. Conejo. "Mathematical Modeling of Bottom Gas Injection in Industrial Metallurgical Ladles in the Presence of a Top Layer of Slag." In PRICM, 2941–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch364.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prism layer"

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Ogunremi, Ayodele R., and David Sumner. "Flow Around a Surface-Mounted Finite Square Prism With a Splitter Plate." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28055.

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The effect of a wake-mounted splitter plate on the flow around a surface-mounted finite-height square prism was investigated experimentally in a low-speed wind tunnel. Four square prisms of aspect ratios AR = 9, 7, 5 and 3 were tested at a Reynolds number of Re = 7.4×104. The relative thickness of the boundary layer on the ground plane was δ/D = 1.5 (where D is the side length of the prism). The splitter plates were mounted vertically from the ground plane on the wake centreline, with a negligible gap between the leading edge of the plate and rear of the prism. The splitter plate heights were always the same as the heights of prisms, while the splitter plate lengths were varied from L/D = 1 to 7. Measurements of the mean drag force were obtained with a force balance, and measurements of the vortex shedding frequency were obtained with a single-sensor hot-wire probe. Compared to previously published results for an “infinite” square prism, a splitter plate is less effective at drag reduction, but more effective at vortex shedding suppression, when used with a finite-height square prism. Significant reduction in drag was realized only for short prisms (of AR ≤ 5) when long splitter plates (of L/D ≥ 5) were used. In contrast, a splitter plate of length L/D = 3 was sufficient to suppress vortex shedding for all aspect ratios tested. Compared to previous results for finite-height circular cylinders, finite-height square prisms typically need longer splitter plates for vortex shedding suppression.
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Spade, Kristaps, Ivo Vaicis, Shravan Koundinya Vutukuru, and Martins Irbe. "Analysis of granule layer impact interaction on vibrating 2D prism." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf365.

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McClean, John F., and David Sumner. "Aerodynamic Forces and Vortex Shedding for Surface-Mounted Finite Square Prisms and the Effects of Aspect Ratio and Incidence Angle." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72005.

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The flow around a surface-mounted square prism of finite height was investigated experimentally using a low-speed wind tunnel. Of interest were the effects of aspect ratio and incidence angle on the mean aerodynamic forces and vortex shedding. Compared to the case of the “infinite” (or two-dimensional) square prism, the flow around the finite square prism has not been extensively studied. The experiments were conducted at a Reynolds number of Re = 7.2 × 104 for aspect ratios of AR = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 and incidence angles of α = 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. The thickness of the boundary layer on the ground plane relative to the side length was δ/D = 1.5. Measurements of the vortex shedding frequency were made with a single-component hot-wire probe in the wake, and measurements of the mean drag and lift forces were obtained with a force balance. For all aspect ratios and incidence angles, the Strouhal number and the mean drag coefficient were lower than those of an infinite prism, while the mean lift coefficient was of nearly similar magnitude. As the aspect ratio was increased from AR = 3 to 11, the force coefficients and Strouhal number slowly approached the infinite-square-prism data. The behaviours of the mean drag coefficient and Strouhal number with incidence angle were less sensitive compared to the case of the infinite square prism, although a minimum mean drag coefficient, minimum (most negative) mean lift coefficient, and maximum Strouhal number were found at α = 15°. The reduced sensitivity to incidence angle is attributed to the complex three-dimensional flow over the free end of the prism and the downwash flow that enters the near wake. The behaviour of the force coefficients and Strouhal number for the prism of AR = 3 was distinct from the other prisms (with lower values of drag coefficient and lift coefficient magnitude, and a different Strouhal number trend), suggesting the critical aspect ratio was between AR = 5 and AR = 3 in these experiments. In the wall-normal direction, the power spectra for AR = 11 and 9 tended to have weaker and/or more broad-banded vortex shedding peaks near the ground plane and near the free end at α = 0° and 15°. For AR = 7 to 3, well-defined vortex shedding peaks were detected along the entire height of the prisms. For AR = 11 and 9, at α = 30° and 45°, vortex shedding peaks were absent in the power spectra in the upper part of the wake.
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Rostamy, Noorallah, David Sumner, Donald J. Bergstrom, and James D. Bugg. "An Experimental Study of the Flow Above the Free Ends of Surface-Mounted Bluff Bodies." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72028.

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The flow around surface-mounted finite-height bluff bodies is more complex than the flow around a two-dimensional or “infinite” cylinder. The flow over the free end and the boundary layer flow around the body-wall junction strongly influence the near-wake flow pattern. Streamwise tip vortex structures interact in a complex manner with Kármán vortex shedding from the sides of the body, and are responsible for a downward-directed local velocity field in the upper part of the wake known as “downwash.” A second pair of streamwise vortex structures, known as the base vortices, is found close to the ground plane. Upstream of the body the familiar horseshoe vortex is found. The interactions between the tip vortices, base vortices, and Kármán vortex shedding are strongly influenced by the aspect ratio, AR = H/D (for height, H, and width, D), the Reynolds number, Re, and the relative thickness of the boundary layer, δ/D. The flow above the free ends of surface-mounted finite-height circular cylinders and square prisms was studied in a low-speed wind tunnel using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Cylinders and prisms of AR = 9, 7, 5, and 3 were tested at Re = 4.2 × 104. The bodies were mounted normal to a ground plane and were partially immersed in a turbulent flat-plate boundary layer with δ/D = 1.7. PIV measurements were made above the free ends in three vertical planes at different cross-stream locations (y/D = 0, 0.25, and 0.375). The ensemble-averaged streamlines, turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress fields were obtained in these planes. The PIV results provide insight into the separated flow above the free ends, including the effects of AR and body shape. For the finite square prism, the large, separated, recirculating flow region extends into the near-wake. For the finite circular cylinder, this region is smaller and the separated flow reattaches onto the free-end surface. For the square prism of AR = 3, considerable difference is seen in the free-end flow pattern compared to the more slender prisms of AR = 9, 7 and 5. In particular, a cross-stream vortex is formed due to interaction between the separated flow from the leading edge of the prism and the reverse flow over the free end. This vortex is seen in all three planes for AR = 3 but only in the symmetry plane for AR = 9, while for the finite circular cylinder the flow pattern above the free end seems to be the same in all three planes for all aspect ratios, consisting of a cross-stream vortex at approximately x/D = 0.
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Iwase, Taku, Daiwa Sato, Hideshi Obara, Yoshinobu Yamade, and Chisachi Kato. "Prediction of Aerodynamic Noise for Centrifugal Fan of Air-Conditioner by Tetra-Prism Grids." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4638.

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Abstract We calculated fan performance and aerodynamic noise in the centrifugal fan of air conditioner by large eddy simulation (LES). In this study, we investigated simulation technology employing tetra-prism grids for practical usefulness. Tetraprism grids are easier to generate than hexahedral grids. We employed the numerical simulation code FrontFlow/blue (FFB) throughout the LES. First, we proposed a design method for tetra-prism grids. The design method featured a predicted boundary layer thickness that was the same as the thickness of a prism layer. Next, we compared calculated results for the 13 million grids, 107 million grids and 860 million grids to investigate the grid number influence on fan performance and aerodynamic noise. We confirmed that calculated results for larger number of grids was more accurate than smaller number of grids. We also confirmed that calculated results simulated streaks well and the number of streaks increased in the order of the increasing number of the grids. The proper simulating of the streaks therefore contributed to getting better calculated results. As a result, we confirmed that using the tetra-prism grids was practical in the actual development of fans.
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Bakunov, Michael I., Eugene A. Mashkovich, and Elena V. Svinkina. "Unidirectional Cherenkov Radiation for improved terahertz generation in the Si-prism-coupled LiNbO3 Layer." In 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2015.7327616.

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Ogunremi, Ayodele, and David Sumner. "On the Effects of Incidence Angle on the Mean Wake of a Surface-Mounted Finite-Height Square Prism." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-15011.

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The wake of a surface-mounted finite-height square prism of sub-critical aspect ratio AR = 3 was studied experimentally in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of Re = 3.7×104. The ratio of the boundary layer thickness on the ground plane, to the width of the prism, was δ/D = 1.5. The incidence angle of the prism was varied from α = 0° to 45°. Wake mean velocity measurements were made in vertical planes normal to and parallel to the main flow direction using a seven-hole pressure probe. As the prism is rotated from α = 0° to 45°, the mean wake progressively widens and the maximum streamwise extent of the mean recirculation zone increases. The mean streamwise tip vortex pair is symmetric at 0° and 45°, but becomes strongly asymmetric at intermediate α, where the tip vortex is found higher above the ground plane on the wider side of the wake. The wake and tip vortex asymmetry is most pronounced near the critical incidence angle.
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Sayar, Ersin, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of a Piezoelectric Valveless Micropump: Effects of Working Fluid." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88978.

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Coupled structural and fluid flow analysis of a piezoelectric valveless micropump is carried out for liquid transport applications. The valveless micropump consists of trapezoidal prism inlet/outlet elements; the pump chamber, a thin structural layer (Pyrex glass) and a piezoelectric element (PZT-5A), as the actuator. Two-way coupling of forces and displacements between the solid and the liquid domains in the systems are considered where actuator deflection and motion causes fluid flow and vice-versa. Flow contraction and expansion (through the trapezoidal prism inlet and outlet respectively) generates net fluid flow. The pressure, velocity, flow rate and pump membrane deflections of the micropump are investigated for six different working fluids (acetone, methanol, ethanol, water, and two hypothetical fluids). For the compressible flow formulation, an isothermal equation of state for the working fluid is employed. Three-dimensional governing equations for the flow fields and the structural-piezoelectric bi-layer membrane motions are considered. Comparison of the pumping characteristics of the micropumps operating with different working fluids can be utilized to optimize the design of MEMS based micropumps in drug delivery and biomedical applications.
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Shugurov, A. I., and M. I. Bakunov. "Electro-optic detection of terahertz waves in a prism-coupled lithium niobate layer with overcoming the effect of inherent birefringence." In 2020 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo48556.2020.9285896.

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Sayar, Ersin, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Dynamic Analysis of Piezoelectric Valveless Micropumps: Effects of Piezoelectric Transducer Material." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66215.

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Dynamic structural and fluid flow analysis of bulk acoustic wave piezoelectric valveless micropumps are carried out for the transport of water. The micropumps consist of trapezoidal prism inlet/outlet elements; the pump chamber, a thin structural layer (Pyrex glass) and a piezoelectric transducer element (PZT-5A, PZT-4, or BaTiO3), as the actuator. Flow contraction and expansion, through the trapezoidal prism inlet and outlet respectively, generates net fluid flow. Governing equations for the flow fields and the structural-piezoelectric bi-layer membrane motions are considered. For the compressible flow formulation, an isothermal equation of state for the working fluid is employed. Two-way dynamic coupling of forces and displacements between the solid and the liquid domains in the systems are considered where actuator deflection and motion causes fluid flow and vice-versa. The effects of the piezoelectric transducer material on the flow rate are investigated for several commonly used actuators: PZT-5A, PZT-4, and BaTiO3. The net flow rate developed by the pump varies with the piezoelectric material. PZT-5A actuator generates the largest pump net flow, and the BaTiO3 actuator results in the lowest pump flow.
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Reports on the topic "Prism layer"

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Evans, Jonathan W. Beam Switching of an Nd:YAG Laser Using Domain-Engineered Prisms in Magnesium-Oxide-Doped Congruent Lithium Niobate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532280.

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