Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prisme'
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Hernandez, Mylène. "La germanité au prisme des troubles autistiques." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0140.
Full textSiblingship in Europe is a minor part of social studies. Until recently, the subject was overshadowed by alliance and filiation. However, siblingship theoretically represents the lengthiest relation of kin throughout one’s life. It is also immutable and plays a part in the definition of the individual. As a corollary to this apparent indifference, the study of Western siblingship does not constitute a field per se. No unity of theory and methodology exists to bring together the existing research on brothers and sisters. This dissertation, therefore, has two inseparable objectives: to contribute to the definition of an anthropology of siblingship, with an ethnographic analysis of siblingship in contemporary France seen through the prism of autistic spectrum disorders. Two preliminary stages have influenced the implementation of the first objective: (1) understanding how social studies –especially anthropology, law and sociology– have engaged with the topic of brothers and sisters to (2) creating the methodological conditions of an anthropological approach of siblingship. The first two parts of this dissertation deal foremost with these stages. The second objective –understanding siblingship in practice– developed from this hypothesis: the presence of an individual displaying autistic disorders among a group of siblings offered a prism through which the norms and practices of contemporary siblingship could be observed. The third part presents and compares a body of case studies developed during an empirical survey involving interviews and observations. Unlike filiation and alliance, the law does not clearly outline siblingship. There are no legal mutual requirements between siblings. However, forms of moral obligations are undeniably expressed and manifested between siblings, particularly in situations of vulnerability or dependence. This dissertation undertakes a description of the intricate workings of moral obligation within siblingship. It reveals the contradictions upon which siblingship relationships are based in French contemporary kinship and documents how these contradictions are expressed in practice and in emotion in the ordinary exercise of siblingship in the presence of a dependent sibling
Beau, Francis. "Le renseignement au prisme des sciences de l'information." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0006/document.
Full textDespite the current trend, the pressing need arose to legitimize a documentary approach to information system rather than a technological one, based on the theoretical foundations of intelligence and its exploitation, which is directly connected to the control of an information that has become overabundant. This vision, rather analogical than numerical, focuses on creating sense within a shared memory that is organized around a collective need of knowledge, which directly impacts this memory. The aim is to ensure the cohesion of individual actions by relying on the synergy of intentions, which orient the collective action and give it its meaning. This research was built on a professional experience successful, although little followed by an administration mistaken by the mirage of an omnipotent technology. Its results are described in an attempt to perpetuate them, with the idea of extending their scope and promoting their use to other professionals with similar needs, in different fields such as, for example, scientific research
Regourd, Cécile. "Les métropoles au prisme du modèle territorial français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D030.
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Cherfaoui, Farida. "Médias et politique au prisme de Bernard Kouchner." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100068/document.
Full textWith certain exceptions, the nomination of Bernard Kouchner in a government of Right has been greeted by the French mass media. They saw in it a caracteristic sign of political modernity. This politic, called “opening” lead from those mass media to new biographical investments. The stake consisting in penetrate the “mystery” Bernard Kouchner. In fact of mystery, his trajectory called, in some ways, his present position. From his view of a State humanitarianism to his vision of the Left, modern, realist, pragmatic, Bernard Kouchner has, all his life long, worked to draw the lines of fracture between the Left and the Right. An ideological fight which finds his place in the mass media, creditor of the debate.“To assume globalization”, to ensure a consensus on the hegemony of capitalism, to waive to one’s privileges in the name of the sharing with the indigents, to defend the war rides from the North against the South in the name of the war against “terrorism” and for democracy and human rights, season the whole with speech on morals in politic and economy and few measures, essentially applied to the sanitary domain, this is the program of this “modern” Left incarnate by Bernard Kouchner.For being a minister in a Right government, he assents himself, always and for ever, as a man of the Left (“with the oppressed”). The political, mediatical, ideological utility of Bernard Kouchner is linked to the realization of this program.Bernard Kouchner has always claimed and has been credited of a freedom of think, his independence. He wishes himself a free electron in the political chessboard, a rescued from the dogmas, symbolizing a realism won by dint of humanitarian practice, which allows him to act freely to the front, the more risky position.In this, his mediatic statute of historical humanitarian actor serves as a protection that others media intellectuals do no benefit. A statute which allows, moreover, the articulation of a speech politically on the Right with an activity traditionally classed at the Left, the humanitarian.Few fissures have appeared that torment the biographic (re-)construction that takes for object Bernard Kouchner. Yet, the mediatic kindness seems unconditional.This work would like to examine the meeting between personal dispositions, those of Bernard Kouchner, and specific fields, notably politic and journalistic, themselves in constant evolution. We ask, previously, some questions: Of what Bernard Kouchner is an emblem? What structural changes, in the different fields considered, have lead to the social existence of Bernard Kouchner? In other words, what have been the social, political, ideological conditions of possibility of the kouchnerian figure?
Stacher, Susanne. "Dreamland Alps. L'architecture alpine au prisme du sublime." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV070.
Full textThe thesis questions in which way the sublime has influenced the architecture built in the Alps, from the beginning of tourism until today.The first part shows how the Alps became in the beginning of the 18th century the topos of a new perception of nature, which crystallized in the notion of the sublime. Situated between terror and enthusiasm, this term implies an experience of the limit. Longing for this sensation, the travelers went to the Alps. A little later, mountains were constructed artificially in the cities, first as a symbol for liberty during the French Revolution, then in form of illusionist panorama-paintings, up to factice Swiss sceneries in amusement-parks in the end of the 19th century. This induced a flood of tourists, transforming the Alps into a “Dreamland”, for different kind of dreams.The main part analyses in which way the sublime became the guiding principle for various architectures: While the alpine grand-hotel framed the scenery by panoramic windows in order to contemplate the wilderness outside, crystalline architectures are conceived out of utopic visions, looking for a harmonious world. In the end of the 19th century the focus on the “wild nature” was transferred on to singular elements of nature, especially the sun, which (being considered as a remedy) became a real myth. This becomes evident in the “Live Reform”-groups, as well as in the advertisements for sanatoriums. The Alps were considered as a “therapeutic landscape”, as well as an ideal territory for education. Numerous children-colonies have been built by different religious and political institutions, leading to a fight about the appropriation of the children; the ideological differences became visible in the architectural typologies. But the Alps were also considered as an ideal territory to experiment the sensation of giddiness and speed. This became possible by the increasing net of cable-cars and sport-hotels, where cantilevers emphasized the experience of the limit (inherent to the sublime). With the upcoming mass tourism it was not anymore the wild nature which was considered as sublime, but the technic, which dominates nature.The analysis of the alpine architecture through the prism of the sublime leads to an observation of the actual alpine tourism, emphasizing the radicalism of the various phenomena throughout history. The different figures of the sublime open towards a reflection about the future constructions, in the continuity of a visionary relationship between man and nature
Die Dissertation hinterfragt auf welche Weise das Erhabene die Architektur in den Alpen beeinflusst hat, vom Beginn des Tourismus an bis heute. Im ersten Abschnitt wird aufgezeigt, wie die Alpen zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts zum Topos einer neuartigen Naturbetrachtung wurden, die sich im Begriff des Sublimen (Erhabenen) kristallisierte. Zwischen Schrecken und Faszination angesiedelt, liegt diesem Gefühlszustand eine Grenzerfahrung zugrunde. Auf der Suche nach diesem Gemütszustand, suchten Reisende sehnsuchtsvoll die Welt der Berge auf; diese wurde alsbald in künstlicher Form in den Städten rekonstruiert, vom Freiheitssymbol der Französischen Revolution angefangen, über illusionistische Panoramabilder, bis hin zum Vergnügungspark im 19.Jh. Die daraufhin einsetzende Reiseflut verwandelte die Alpen in ein Land, in dem ganz unterschiedliche Träume projiziert wurden. In den folgenden Kapiteln wird untersucht, inwiefern das Sublime bei den unterschiedlichen Architekturen als Leitmotiv erscheint: Während beim alpinen Grandhotel die Aussicht auf das Panorama inszeniert wurde, um das Spektakel der „wilden Natur“ zu betrachten, standen bei den Kristallarchitekturen utopische-visionäre Gedanken im Vordergrund. Der Fokus auf die wilde Natur verlagerte sich gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts auf einzelne Naturelemente, insbesondere auf die Sonne, die als Heilmittel zum Mythos erhoben wurde. Dies kommt sowohl in den Lebensreformgruppen zum Ausdruck, als auch auf den Werbeplakaten für Sanatorien. Die Alpen fungierten als „therapeutische Landschaft“ und wurden auch als idealer Ort der Erziehung angesehen. Verschiedene religiöse und politische Institution errichteten Kinderkolonien, wobei sich ein wahrer ideologischer „Kampf um das Kind“ entspann, der architektonisch gesehen zu sehr unterschiedlichen Resultaten führte. Die Alpen waren aber auch ein ideales Territorium, um den Rausch der Bewegung auszuleben. Dies wurde durch ein immer dichter werdendes Netz von Seilbahnen, Sporthotels und Hütten ermöglicht, wobei die Grenzerfahrung des Sublimen architektonisch bewusst inszeniert wurde. Mit dem aufkommenden Massentourismus wurde nicht mehr die wilde Natur, sondern die Technik als erhaben angesehen, die es ermöglichte, die Berge zu dominieren. Die Analyse der alpinen Architektur durch das Prisma des Sublimen führt uns zum Schluss zu einer Betrachtung des heutigen alpinen Tourismus im Spiegel des Wandels des Erhabenen-Begriffs, wobei die Radikalität der verschiedenen Phänomene hervorgehoben wird. Die unterschiedlichen Figuren des Erhabenen öffnen somit ein Nachdenken über das zukünftige Bauen in den Alpen, in der Kontinuität einer bestimmen Beziehung zwischen dem Menschen und der Natur
Bailleul, Julien. "Dynamique sédimentaire et structurale des bassins perchés sur les prismes de subduction : l'exemple du prisme Hikurangi, Nouvelle-Zélande." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b4e43c20-ebbd-4a96-a923-396142576aea.
Full textLa sédimentation au sein des bassins perchés matures est dominée par les processus de remplissage qui conduisent au développement de méga-séquences de comblement similaires à celles identifiées dans les bassins d'avant-pays. Notre étude montre également que l'évolution du prisme de subduction Hikurangi est discontinue et a été contrôlée par des épisodes tectoniques successifs identifiés le long de la transversale d'Akitio : 1) Une phase de mise en place de nappes au Miocène basal (c. 25 - 18 Ma), 2) Un épisode de raccourcissement E-W au Miocène inférieur à moyen (c. 17. 5 - 15 Ma). Cet épisode est à l'origine du développement de hauts structuraux et du confinement des bassins perchés, 3) Un épisode de subsidence majeure associé à des déformations en extension (c. 15 - 6. 5 Ma) et probablement contrôlée par des processus d'érosion tectonique, et 4) Une période Miocène terminal à Quaternaire (c. 6. 5 - 0 Ma)dominée par des épisodes de raccourcissement rapide (c. 1Ma) de direction E-W à NW-SE. Nous avons démontré que la complexité stratigraphique et structurale du prisme de subduction Hikurangi ne résulte pas seulement de cette histoire tectonique polyphasée, mais aussi de variations transversales dans le style et l'amplitude de la déformation au cours du même épisode tectonique. Nous montrons notamment que de l'accrétion frontale peut se développer près du front de subduction alors que la partie supérieure du prisme subit de l'extension et une phase de subsidence au cours d'une période dominé par de l'érosion tectonique
Sapin, François. "Impact du couple érosion/sédimentation sur la structuration d'un prisme d'accrétion : L'exemple du prisme NO Bornéo : approche géologique, sismique et thermique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066695.
Full textBeretti, Marie. "La relation d'autorité éducative au prisme de la confiance." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES004/document.
Full textAuthority at elementary school is the main topic of this thesis. The first part of the study is dedicated to the conceptual development aimed at providing a global understanding of educative authority relationship, modelled as a dynamic and complex system. The analysis of the functioning of this relational system, and the methodical investigation of all its elements as well as their connexions, suggests authority as the property of the relationship between teachers and pupils.The second part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical and empirical validation of the hypothesis that a relational system of educative authority benefits from a trust-based relational system, i.e. educative authority and trust relationships tend to complement and reinforce each other in a process of circular causation. This analysis is further extended in the third part of the study, which is looking at the favourable conditions for building pupils’ trust, and the positive influence of trust on the educative authority relationship.Pupils’ subjectivity, both in the educative authority relationship and in the trust relationship, plays a key role in this subject. Hence, theoretical reflection systematically relies on the results of an empirical investigation conducted with three classes of third grade of elementary cycle pupils, who were followed for an entire school year, and observed in situation and interviewed with their teachers
Pellegrin, Marie-Frédérique. "Le prisme de la loi : une lecture du malebranchisme." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR20041.
Full textYtier, David. "Recherche sur la fiscalité locale au prisme de l’égalité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247210268.
Full textTaking a look at local taxation through equality means observing two legal notions linked to one another, in a complex system that reveals what sets them apart, and what brings them together. The interest of the subject stems from the criticism of a taxation system considered as a vector of major inequalities, and the radical solutions that lead to a decline in local taxation. As such, it is necessary to link the two concepts to determine their relation. This problem is part of broader study that more generally addresses the implementation of government decentralization, whose organization inevitably leads to inequalities, especially when decentralized authorities are given financial autonomy. This is why this research not only looks back on our past in order to take some perspective on the current inequalities, but also aims at conceptualizing the notion of local taxation. This allows us to understand why those two notions are polarised, as well as striking the right balance between them. The objective of local taxation should be equality. Lawmakers find this balance though the conception of taxation itself, and through the local framework where the local tax is developed. This balance must be found if we want local taxation to fully meet equality
Mary, Baptiste. "Au delà du prisme critique de Coulomb par l'analyse séquentielle et contributions expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830432.
Full textMimboui, Nguema Ida Paola. "Enquête, Histoire et Fiction : Jean Hatzfeld au prisme de l'écriture." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0837/document.
Full textTo look at writing in relation to history is to link two important moments of the activity. It might be considered that what is written is that which lasts, that is, worthy of being transmitted. It goes the same with historical events which are transmitted through writing from generation to generation. Writing is thus a sign, a memory of history. However, history seems to be opposed to literary writing. It is a common opinion that only the things which are opposed to reality are found in literary works and this idea comes close to being an imagination or even a simulation. This literary text approach is henceforth a little bit rattled if testimonies and biographies are included, especially the testimonies of the genocide survivors and not to say those of the “killers”.This general questioning equally applies to all literatures, notably to the texts about the Rwandan genocide. The issue of the putting down in writing of a tragic page of History identically arises here. How to tell without transcending the factual? Is language capable of grasping the horrors of this genocide, how should one write? These are in few words the issues addressed in this literature. In this regard, Jean Hatzfeld presents himself as an investigator who passes down the results of a profound experience about the Rwandan genocide. His book “Machete Season: The Killers in Rwanda Speak”, a second narrative of a trilogy concerning the Rwandan genocide, reveals a process of reconstituting the traces of history through an almost natural testimony by the Hutus who took part in the massacre of the Tutsi. What makes this text unusual is the setting down in terms of discourse of the executioners’ narrative. That is, those who fully took part in the massacre of humans as actors and troop leaders. To the author, it is a question of getting people to speak, who had the power of life or of death over their fellow. Man is seen here by Thomas Hobbes formula as “a wolf to man”. The neighbour or childhood friend becomes that diabolic being capable of the worst atrocities.Our analysis will be focussed on the following three main aspects: text, context and metatext studies
Takenaka, Koji. "La relecture des Essais de Montaigne au prisme de l'amitié." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA114.
Full textThis study aims to examine Montaigne’s friendship with La Boétie from the perspective of readership. The first part, “We the readers of Montaigne”, reflects upon reading and interpretation. Following A. Compagnon’s studies on the question of reading in Montaigne’s Essays, we will adopt as paradigm Augustine’s exegesis which draws inspiration from ancient rhetoric and grammar. The relationship that the Bishop of Hippo observed between the Old and the New Testament will enable further reflection regarding « Montaigne and La Boétie ». The second part, “Montaigne editing La Boétie’s Editor”, attempts to survey La Boétie’s works published in 1570 by Montaigne. As these publications closely follow his translation of Raymond Sebond’s Natural Theology and the retirement of the editor, it is necessary to first situate them in context of Montaigne’s biography. We will proceed to consider the editorial principal of the Mesnagerie, which led Montaigne to publish his friend’s works, accompanied by the letter-prefaces which he saw fit to place at the beginning, before investigating the last words he attributed to La Boétie. The third and last part, “Montaigne reading La Boétie”, will first approach the problem of the center of Book I of the Essays, supposedly reserved to La Boétie’s Discourse on Voluntary Servitude. We will proceed to consider the relationship that Montaigne had wished to establish between his own work and his friend’s masterpiece, before examining this latter’s presence in the Essays by comparing their works
Sotgiu, Antonio. "Le Décaméron de Boccace au prisme des « théories du roman »." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA140.
Full textThis work is composed of two parts. In the first one, I critically analyze how Boccaccio was read by the main theorists of the novel (Schlegel, Hegel, Lukács, Bakhtine, Auerbach); once described individually, these authors are later confronted with each other. A third chapter deals with new perspectives in the theory of the novel, which provide the foundation for a new interpretation of Boccaccio’s Decameron.The second part is devoted to Boccaccio’s works in themselves. First, I analyze Boccaccio’s rewriting of the dantean episode of Paolo and Francesca (Inf. V). In the same chapter I also discuss Boccaccio’s theory of the fabula as it is developed in his Genealogie deorum gentilium, by focusing on crucial issues such as allegory, knowledge and consolation. I conclude the chapter with an inquiry on the Filocolo’s narrative framework; particular attention is devoted to the episode of the «Questioni d’amore» and to its functions in the economy of the whole work. The second chapter puts forward a new reading of the Decameron, based on the notion of ‘compassion’; I analyze the Decameron’s narrative framework on the ground of philosophical and ethical categories. I also explore how the beliefs’ device is shaped by Boccaccio; the chapter ends with an enquiry around the concept of fortune, its theorization and representation in the Decameron. The third and final chapter is devoted to the individual interpretation of five novellas (IV, 4; V, 1; II, 7; II, 9; X, 10)
Frigon, Esther. "L’engagement social de jeunes québécois au prisme des organisations citoyennes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37906.
Full textBodin, Frédéric. "La mastectomie prophylactique : un prisme pour interroger la médecine contemporaine." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA3401.
Full textChamois, Camille. "En perspective : le perspectivisme au prisme des sciences humaines contemporaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100104.
Full textThis dissertation aims to assess the pertinence of the notion of perspectivism, particularly as it is applied in the context of contemporary anthropology. To this end, we examine this notion, on the one hand, considering its elaboration in the history of philosophy, and on the other hand, in view of the psychological and sociological stakes it entails. We will focus on two specific aspects of perspectivism: the theory of perception, and the theory of the relationship with the Other. The first part of the dissertation presents and discusses the possibility of the “socialization of perception.” We demonstrate that this question profoundly informs twentieth century social sciences, even though it has usually been addressed through a Kantian transcendental framework. We highlight the limitations of this approach, specifically by comparing it to the psychology of perceptive learning; we henceforth propose reworking the notion of perspective, understood in terms of its hold over the sensible. The second part presents and discusses the possibility of a “socialization of the attribution of a point of view to the Other.” We thereby attempt to explicate this notion based on contemporary studies of the theory of mind on the one hand, and research in ethno-psychology on the other hand. The overarching objective of this project is thus to make the notion of perspectivism an operative concept in the psychosocial field
Matamba, Bissielou Idea. "Les finances publiques gabonaises au prisme de la gouvernance financière." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10061.
Full textThe misrule of public finance (budget deficit, indebtedness, illicit enrichment, embezzlement of public funds, underdevelopment...) met by the Gabonese State legitimizes the establishment of a new financial governance. In a difficult budgetary context and with the aim of improving the state of public finance, the Gabonese Government has been looking into the reorganization of the financial and institutional systems, by adopting organic law n° 020/2014 of May 21, 2015 concerning finance law and budget execution (LOLFEB). The LOLFEB is a real revolution instrument in public financial law that places budget reform in an overall strategy for the modernization of public finance in Gabon. This organic law, which breaks up with the "budget of means" called system, high lights legal regularity in the management of public finance and put performance at the center of the State's action. From the junction of international, community and national wills, today the LOLFEB is a new legal instrument bringing novelty which meets there quirements of the new public administration. The thesis examines the transformation made by this instrument in terms of budget preparation, execution, monitoring and control as well as accounting. This reform remains a major challenge for administrators and political authorities, the issues and impacts of which can be measured politically, economically and socially
Zadora, Anna. "Construction d’une identité nationale biélorusse au prisme du système éducatif." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/ZADORA_Anna_2011.pdf.
Full textThe present research is devoted to the construction of Belarusian national identity, which is articulated by the political power and spread trough school education of history. The socio-historical perspective will enable us to analyze the constitution and the functioning of Belarusian historians’ field, who, from the beginning of the 20th century when a history of Belarus first came into existence, always worked under a strict control from the political authorities. The analysis of schoolbooks of history will prove that they are a powerful toll of identity construction. Sociological survey conducted among Belarusian school pupils will help us to identify the major factors and the steps of national identity construction
Boulin, Audrey. "Les internats d'excellence : un dispositif au prisme de l'expérience adolescente." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H014/document.
Full textIntended for « pupils of disadvantaged backgrounds », especially pupils from educational priority zones and underprivileged urban areas, the dispositif of internats d’excellence (Boarding schools for excellence), created by the Plan « Espoir banlieues » (2008), aims at promoting equality of opportunities and social diversity within school structures. This thesis offers a sociological qualitative analysis of this dispositif through teenage experience. By means of fieldwork (observations, interviews, questionnaires and analysis of schoolrecords) in one internat d’excellence during two years, we will show how teenagers, considered as actors, appropriate the different objectives of the dispositif. We will consider how the dispositif affects teenage experience : teenagers change their sociability, their hobbies and their schoolwork, but not always in the way planned by the dispositif. At the same time, we will see that teenage experience questions the dispositif and reveals its grey areas
Conde, Jean. "Logiques d'utilisation des MOOC en entreprise au prisme des capabilités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN054/document.
Full textEncouraged and financed to some extent by European Commission and the French State, MOOCs are flexible courses, open to anyone and they potentially deliver certificates ; as such, they appear to represent an ideal response to the calls for a mutation of lifelong learning that come along with the politics aimed at developing flexicurity in Europe. In France, MOOC platforms bypass the traditional professional training institutions, and by doing so, could be a potential way for individuals to acquire more freedom to chose their professionnal future. Nevertheless, due to poor collective self-regulation, and due to the lack of pedagogical guidance and legal framework, there is a high risk that only the most seelf-regulated individuals benefit from such opportunities. Through the « capabilities » theoretical framework developped by A. Sen, this research aims at identifying the factors that foster or on the contrary impede the empowerment of employees through MOOCs. In that perspective we followed a mixed method approach based on field observation in organizations, semi-structured interviews and surveys. We show that the uses of MOOCs in companies reveal important inegalities among individuals ; moreover, the fact that they are followed in an informal way tend to benefit employers. We propose a typology of uses in MOOCs, based on their ability to empower employees
Mora-Canzani, Fernanda. "Citoyenneté diasporique : problématiques et horizons au prisme de l'expérience uruguayenne." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080060/document.
Full textBased on the Uruguayan diasporic experience (1985/2015), and taking into account the context of globalization, our thesis aims at problematizing, at the prism of a critical political philosophy, a citizenship called "diasporic", deployed at interstices of Nation-States, emerging through international migratory processes, political exile, and the interconnections of the diaspora communities. In the light of philosophies of citizenship, we map out a diasporic citizenry deployed in transnational situations and interactive processes, in which different categories of participants have a hand in intervening. Thus, each - individually or within the groups to which they belong - through acts, speeches and representations becomes Citizen; aspiring to find a complete place in a political community without becoming captive to it. Without being content to limit ourselves to examining the aforementioned situations of deterritorialization - exile, migration, diaspora - our intention is rather to identify the conditions associated with them in the emergence and deployment of diasporic citizenship. We conceptualize on these bases four major conditions, which we call: sensorial and emotional subjectivity; rhizomic integration; networking in versatile forms; political subjectivity put to the test by an "impossible" emancipation. The logical reasonings to which the experience of the Uruguayan diasporic citizen are connected to lead us finally to assume that citizenship is not beholden to institutions. It can invent itself within the bosom of a political community; express itself as citizen activism or ordinary citizenship
Daudet, Maxime. "Initiation de l'accrétion continentale dans le domaine bétique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30152.
Full textThe thermo-chronological study of syn- to post-rift and syn-orogenic sediments makes it possible to reconstruct the time-temperature evolution of the basins at the different stages of the orogenesis. This study combined with structural and stratigraphic observations makes it possible to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the passive margin from the early stages of its inversion to the final stages of the collision associated with the rapid exhumation of the metamorphic internal units. The Betic and Rif cordilleras belong to the western end of the peri-Mediterranean chains. The geodynamic history associated with the formation of the Betics since the Oligocene is deeply marked by a combination of processes of slab retreat, tearing and delamination of the continental and / or oceanic lithosphere in the context of convergence between Africa and Europe. In response, the crust that today forms the Alboran Basin and the internal areas of Betic and Rif has been subject to extension in the back arc area since the Oligocene. This extension phase was synchronous with the compressive deformations recorded in the Meso-Cenozoic coverage of the Iberian and North African margins and the formation of the pleated pre-country chains. The use of fission and (U-Th) / He low-temperature thermochronological analyzes on apatite applied to the Cretaceous and Tertiary flysch series of the Mauretanian and Massylian domains highlights the importance of a phase of Paleogene exhumation. Combined with structural and stratigraphic observations, it appears that this episode of exhumation is associated with the development of a foreland all along the Betic Cordillera for nearly 400 km. An examination of structural relationships between flyschs, subbetic series and the Triassic shows that salt tectonics played a major role. This observation leads to explain the current structure of the external zones of the Betics while decreasing the extent of the tectonic movements. Combined with detrital zircon U-Pb dating, which constrains Mesozoic and Cenozoic flysch units, between Iberian, Alboran and African sources, the results of this work have made it possible to specify the palaeogeographic and geodynamics of the Betics since the Western Transition Tethys-Atlantic, the collision stage Alpine, until its current evolution associated with the opening of the Western Mediterranean
David, Marc. "Valeurs patrimoniales en situation diasporique. Au prisme du Web : au prisme du Web : les identités Judéo-marocaine et Amazighe dans le processus de patrimonialisation de Casablanca." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30072/document.
Full textThe fundamental concepts of the geography perceived through the triptych Memory-Heritage-Territory allow to sketch the general framework of representation of spaces experimented by the man. This thesis approaches the sense of patrimonial moral values in diasporique situation. The purpose is to consider the patrimonial identities in the test of the territory according to the actions to name, value and instrument places. This research work leans on the analysis of stakes, the actors and the practices of patrimonialisation in Morocco and in Casablanca. The research is also based on the analysis of the environmental frame, the language and some symbolism of places within the forums of Web dedicated to the Jewish moroccan and Amazighe diaspora. The main objective of the adopted approach consists in committing a reflection on the potentiality that the members of the forums of the Web are agents of the patrimonial process. The obtained results update the nature of the privileged memory support, by the Jewish moroccan and Amazighe identities of the exile, for the virtual patrimonialisation of their cultural values. An approach of the patrimonial values in situation of exile by means of the virtual representations of the Jewish and Berber identities of Morocco on the background « Web 2.0 »
BOURLANGE, Sylvain. "Relations entre fluides et déformations dans le prisme d'accrétion de Nankai." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008747.
Full textPoudrier, Janie. "La pensée hétéro : l'égalité dans le prisme de la différence sexuelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29500/29500.pdf.
Full textBoyer, Stéphanie. "Les enfants au prisme des pratiques enseignantes d’éducation à la citoyenneté." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38248.
Full textOfrim, Dorina Maria. "La Roumanie postcommuniste au prisme des théories de la transition démocratique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40059/document.
Full textThe central issue of this thesis concern post communist Romania and deals with the Romaniandemocratic transition regard to democratic transition theories. Part of the democratic transitionwave that experimented counties of Central and Eastern Europe, Romania is the only country toexperiment a violent regime change and a democratic transition known to be the longest and themost twisting. The thesis presents a general typology of democratic transition theories existingbefore and after 1989. The first theories attempt to identify the transition’s factors with centredapproaches either on structures or on actors. The latter emphasises the uncertainty inherent to anytransition, as well as on the actor’s rational choice. The confrontation of the Romanian case to thetransition theories is a test of the validity of different approaches and underlines the specific of theroute that Romania followed to escape communism. The thesis, which stresses both the genesisand the complex process of Romania’s transition, highlights the limitations of democratictransition theories, those before 1989 as well as those after 1989 in explaining the Romaniantransition process, thus demonstrating the complexity of the Romanian case
Hippolyte, Jean-Claude. "Tectonique de l'apennin meridional : structures et paleocontraintes d'un prisme d'accretion continental." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066184.
Full textDuranel, Guillaume. "Les conventions de l'Architecture au prisme du dispositif du Grand Paris." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1275.
Full textThe 2008 consultation called “l’avenir du Paris métropolitain, le grand pari de l’agglomération parisienne” was organized by the French Bureau of Research in Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape at President Nicolas Sarkozy’s request. Ten teams were gathered, led by architects and composed of professionals and researchers working on urban studies. In 2010, those teams were asked to join the “Scientific Comity” of the “Atelier International du Grand Paris” (AIGP) which was created especially for them to continue their work. In 2012, five more teams joined the AIGP. They worked together until 2016. Therefore, as the government launched action to transform and develop the Île-de-France area (creating a Secretary of State dedicated to that purpose, creating a development company tasked with the creation of a new metro network, and voting three laws …), a group of professionals and researchers worked for eight years to produce a “prospective diagnosis” for the Parisian metropolitan area. For which specific skills were they hired? In the context of this political request, how did those teams work and what did they produce?
Chariet, Mounira. "Les transformations de l'Algérie contemporaine au prisme des usages du français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0014.
Full textThis thesis in political sociology analyses French language to elucidate social transformation in Algeria since 1962. In the aftermath of independence, language was vested with a key role. The policy of "Arabisation" aimed to break with the colonial state. French had to be eradicated in order to Arabise. Today this option has not been abandoned, but contemporary Algerian society operates with a regular plurilinguism in which French plays a complex role including: selection mechanisms for university, language of work, social prestige, migration strategies. This thesis focuses on two periods on both sides of the civil conflict (1990s): the period of the project of nation building, characterised by "the revolutionary zeal" (Arabisation, Socialism, the construction of a national narrative built around the war of liberation...) which had the support of the population until the events of October 1988 and the period of the 2000s during which the exhausted society was characterised by a repudiation of politics, anomie, despair and the sense of hogra (suspicion, exclusion). In between these two periods, the civil conflict pushed many questions raised following the liberation in the background. This thesis has attempted to reveal varying statuses accorded to French language drawing on a wide range of data sources including cultural materials such as films and diverse social spaces, with a particular focus on the field of educational. It shows that the languages used can shed light on the gap between political logics and social logics. This hiatus has only been exacerbated in more recent years and tests of Algerian history
Bourlange, Sylvain. "Relations entre fluides et déformations dans le prisme d'accrétion de Nankai." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112215.
Full textThis work is based on the results of the two recent 190 and 196 Ocean Drilling Program Legs. We center our study of the relationships between the onset of strains and fluid circulation in the decollement at the toe of the wedge. We first present an estimation of the fluid pressure in the formations above and below the decollement, from the study of the core measured porosity. It shows that the decollement is not a barrier for the fluid pressure, and we propose that the porosity discontinuity at the decollement is the result of a discontinuity of the Stress state across the decollement. Then, we study the fluid chlorinity anomaly in the Shikoku Basin around the décollement. We show that this anomaly can be explained by clay compaction and smectite to illite transformation. We have also realized permeability measurements on wedge samples under Stress with a triaxial press. These measurements are necessary to realize numerical simulations of the fluid circulation in the wedge. The measured permeabilities range between 10^(-18) and 10^(-19) m^2. Samples rupture induces a permeability increase at low confining stress, but no permeability modification at a confining stress corresponding to the sample in-situ vertical stress. Next, we present a comparison of the core measured porosity and the porosity of the formation calculated from a resistivity log. We show that the decollement zone presents both compactive and dilatant strain structures. We estimate the fractures dilatancy of the decollement zone between 2 and 8 %. We propose an incremental model of decollement propagation coupling episodic fluid pressure transfer and mechanical deformation at the tip of the decollement. Finally, we present a 2D numerical study of the fluid pressure solitary , wave propagation along the decollement, supposing an effective pressure dependant permeability in the decollement zone. We show that the pressure waves can propagate rapidly along the decollement
Mesnil, Marie. "Repenser le droit de la reproduction au prisme du projet parental." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB217.
Full textStarting from the concept of "parental project", we aim to deconstruct the traditional roles of women in reproductive matters from a legal standpoint. Gender stereotypes, especially those related to gendered division of labour, are indeed sustained by the current reproductive legal framework. The parental project is a concept introduced by law regulating the new reproductive technologies and yet, the analysis of legal aspects of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) stresses how gender stereotypes are in fact strengthened. The legal criteria to access MAR methods are defined based on Nature and comparing French and Swiss legal frameworks shows there are no fixed rules and thus, that references to Nature are not unbiased. Moreover, when it comes to rules of filiation, the naturalistic framework is further reinforced: on the one hand, when the parental project is carried out within the legal framework, filiation is established based on general law, corroborating the gendered legal basis of filiation; on the other hand, parental projects outside of the naturalistic framework are marginalized, and if nowadays filiation should also be recognized for children born in such conditions, it is only because of legal and jurisprudential developments. In spite of this, we think that the concept of "parental project" should promote, within the legal framework of reproduction, both gender equality and reproductive autonomy. Based on the principle of sex-equality and reproductive autonomy, our proposals aim to change dispositions regarding filiation and reproductive medical acts so that they could improve gender equality and reproductive autonomy. In particular, MAR should be addressed by the general law of filiation in order to make of will the main basis of parentage. Likewise, promoting autonomy in reproductive medical acts cannot proceed without rights of the health care users. Finally this research in reproductive law could be seen as a striking example of how law could foster gender equality and individual autonomy in society
Graser, Leonor. "Le roman des individus. La socialisation ou prisme de l'expérience littéraire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030126.
Full textThis thesis aims to study, through interviews and textual analysis, the way 20 modern, Parisian and French-writing novelists present the literary reading and writing experience. The corpus of this qualitative survey is composite : 20 unique semi-directive interviews carried out from 2007 through 2010 and 162 published texts. The study questions the links and interactions between the life course and the literary work, but also the interest of using a mixed method to provide empirical knowledge of the profiles, practices and representations of french contemporary writers. A cross-analysis of the discurses for each case, then for the whole population, allows for the observation of the many variations appearing between two different kinds of storytelling. As a result, the comparison clarifies some sociological patterns as the transmission, mediation, appropriation and detachment process, defining the literary experience as a social experience
Dufrois, Quentin. "Complexes de métaux électropositifs à travers le prisme du groupe cyclopropyle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30303/document.
Full textThe manuscript presents the chemistry of electropositive metal complexes bearing the cyclopropyl group. This first part of the manuscript describes the synthesis and characterisation of cyclopropopyllithium derivatives of the formula [1-R-c-C3H4Li] (R = SiMe3, Ph, SPh). Original aggregates displaying low valent Li+ centres stabilised by the rare CC agostic interaction are presented. This interaction influences the aggregation of the compounds in the solid state and sometimes in solution. A qualitative evaluation of its strength is provided by competitive coordination on Li+ vs donor atoms such as O, N and S. The second part of the manuscript presents the synthesis of the new cyclopropylcalcium complex. This compound is characterised by a full NMR study. It is the first non-stabilised alkylcalcium compound. The third part of the manuscript contains a reactivity study of dicyclopropylzirconocene [Cp2Zr(c-C3H5)2] towards pyridine and fluorinated pyridines. Dearomatisation and C-H bond activation of pyridine, together with C-F bond activation of pentafluoropyridine result from the initial formation of a Eta2-cyclopropene intermediate. A preliminary study of the catalytic C-F bond cleavage of pentafluoropyridine by [Cp2Zr(c-C3H5)2] in the presence of tricyclopropylaluminium is also presented
Boutin, Eric. "La recherche d'information sur Internet au prisme de la théorie des facettes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342586.
Full textLefèvre, Sylvain. "Mobiliser les gens, mobiliser l'argent : les ONG au prisme du modèle entrepreneurial." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365280.
Full textNotre thèse met en lumière l'articulation délicate des trois éléments qui permettent ce tour de « magie sociale » : d'une part le travail institutionnel de légitimation des pratiques, d'autre part les dispositions complexes des engagés où prévaut l'étroite imbrication entre compétences professionnelles et appétences militantes, et enfin le maniement d'instruments qui garantissent une collecte symboliquement « propre ». Du siège des ONG aux groupes locaux de bénévoles de Greenpeace et Handicap International, en passant par les agences de fundraising, c'est à une enquête ethnographique sur l'institutionnalisation d'un répertoire de mobilisation managérialisé que nous convions le lecteur.
Hetényi, György. "Évolution de la déformation du prisme Himalayen: de l'imagerie à la modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194619.
Full textL'Himalaya et le Plateau Tibétain sont considérés comme l'exemple classique de collision continentale. Cependant, de nombreuses questions fondamentales sur la structure, la rhéologie et les processus physiques liés à l'évolution de la lithosphère de cette région restent ouvertes.
Dans le cadre de l'expérience sismologique Hi-CLIMB, un grand nombre de stations large-bande (255) a été déployé pendant trois ans sur un profil de 800 km, à travers l'Himalaya et la moitié sud du Plateau Tibétain. L'espacement serré des stations (~4-9 km), la quantité importante des données (1.5 téraoctets), et l'utilisation de méthodes comme les fonctions récepteurs haute-fréquence ainsi que les conversions multiples ont permis d'obtenir une image détaillée des structures lithosphériques à toute échelle. Ces images permettent un suivi: (1) des failles à faible profondeur (~3-4 km); (2) du chevauchement majeur (MHT) de sa partie superficielle jusqu'à sa continuité profonde et ductile; (3) des zones à vitesses lentes localisées et peu profondes ("bright spots") sous le Tibet en corrélation avec des grabens; (4) de la croûte inférieure indienne sous-plaquée au bloc Lhasa. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent que (5) la lithosphère inférieure indienne avance vers le nord jusqu'au centre du Plateau Tibétain, où elle est opposée au manteau lithosphérique de l'Eurasie; que (6) les sutures en surface n'ont pas de signature marquée en profondeur; et que (7) les discontinuités du manteau supérieur à 410 et 670 km ne sont pas affectées par l'orogenèse. Les informations obtenues sur les géométries sont ensuite utilisées dans deux applications.
La rhéologie de la plaque Inde est réévaluée en utilisant l'image améliorée de sa flexure sous le bassin avant-arc. Les résultats des modélisations thermomécaniques montrent que l'épaisseur élastique équivalente diminue du sud au nord dû au découplage lié à l'affaiblissement flexural et thermique. Le support de la topographie du Plateau Tibétain ainsi que l'isostasie régionale en Himalaya nécessitent un manteau résistant.
En combinant la géométrie du sous-plaquage avec des anomalies de Bouguer, une densification localisée de la croûte inférieure indienne est mise en évidence à l'endroit où elle atteint sa profondeur maximale. Cette densification est associée à l'éclogitisation. Des analyses du champ thermique et les relations pression--température--densité en supposant différents niveaux d'hydratation sont effectuées par des modélisations thermo-cinématiques et pétrologiques. Les résultats suggèrent que la croûte inférieure indienne est partiellement hydratée, et que l'éclogitisation subit un retard. Ce dernier effet est expliqué par l'absence d'eau libre dans le système, l'éclogitisation n'ayant pas lieu jusqu'à l'occurrence des réactions de déshydratation à des P-T plus élevées que les conditions d'équilibre.
En conclusion, cette thèse apporte de nouvelles contraintes sur la géométrie et les propriétés internes de la lithosphère, éléments clés pour mieux évaluer l'importance des différents processus physiques impliqués dans la mise en place des structures et l'évolution de la déformation en Himalaya-Tibet.
Mekdjian, Sarah. "De l'enclave au kaléidoscope urbain. Los Angeles au prisme de l'immigration arménienne." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879800.
Full textLefèvre, Sylvain Sawicki Frédéric. "Mobiliser les gens, mobiliser l'argent les ONG au prisme du modèle entrepreneurial /." Villeurbane : TEL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365280/fr.
Full textGalal, Sayed Mazin. "Le pacte d'actionnaires en droit égyptien sous le prisme du droit français." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2021/document.
Full textThe shareholder agreements, considered as the one of the major contracts concluded by and between the actors of the international affairs, meet the expectations of the companies’ directors and shareholders regarding the transfer of stocks and shares. Nevertheless, outside the regulated market, the principle of contractual freedom accorded to the company - and its shareholders - to resort to this type of contractual arrangement, faces both legal and jurisprudential realities, which remains the only source of law governing this agreement.By choosing to undertake a shareholder agreement, no legal provision, including article nor law, governs this type of agreement. This agreement is therefore subject to the dispositions of the applicable general law. This feature gives the parties some freedom on drafting the agreement, which affects the form and content of the contract and produce its effects on the contract’s application. vWhile this agreement is frequently used in the French business practice - both by the French legislature and by practitioners and shareholders, and considered as one of the forms used to manage the companies, the Egyptian legislation is still discovering this contractual management form.The cultural and commercial globalization has not only helped traders to find creative solutions by entering into this agreement, but it has also helps the French and Egyptian legislations to find solutions as to issues that oppose practitioners during the negotiation of the contract, its conclusion or even during its execution.The purpose of this study is to examine the features of the shareholder agreements starting from the negotiations phase, through the conclusion and execution phases, until the conflictual phase. This study will focus on the French model, having already progressed in this area, compared to the Egyptian model that begins to become familiar with this practice. Although these two examples are still in process of evolution, the use of this type of contracts reveals the peculiarities and difficulties in its implementation, which will encourage the parties to find more innovative methods for more effective implementation of these contracts in order to meet their mutual expectations
Kadir, Karim. "La transformation de l'espace urbain au prisme de la notion de durabilité." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30102/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the notion of sustainable development in urban areas and the relevance of its application in urban planning. On the basis of a comparative observation of two case studies, Nimes (France) and Sherbrook (Quebec, Canada), the research analyses how the local actors appropriate the concept of sustainable development, its integration in the process of urban planning, and its translation in sustainable urban project. Even if the national and international guidelines and regulations developed in recent years, purse the integration of the notion of sustainable development into urban planning, its appropriation and translation into concrete operational projects at the local level is still limited.This research shows that the adoption of the concept of sustainable development by local actors is largely provoked by the injunction of the international protocols, national laws and regulations. This process implies the local adoption of a new set of procedures, engineering, resources and expertise. Yet the strategies that are developed at national level are often incompatible with the local realities. Therefore, the thesis questions the ability of the concept of sustainable development to achieve the expected goals and its relevance as a major concept in urban development
Lett, Coline. "Le prétexte du vêtement : sociologie du genre au prisme des pratiques vestimentaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH003/document.
Full textIn the course of my previous research, I realized that asking young French women about their body appearance was an interesting way to gather information regarding gender and sexuality. For this thesis, I generalized the analysis of the opinions about appearance and clothes, adding men’s opinions and an intergenerational comparison.This qualitative investigation is based on sixty interviews with men and women, who have been interviewed about their clothing tastes and opinions regarding body appearance. I carried out this study in the political context of the vote on the same-sex marriage law, at a moment (2011-2015) when the “gender topic” was sensitive. This led me to direct my research towards a “sociology of knowledge” (Berger, Luckmann: 1966) of gender in the French context.As indicated in the title of the thesis, I indeed consider the thematic “clothes” as a pretext to understand how visually differentiated groups of men and women are created, and the links between those differentiated appearances and the gender identification.Introduction sets out how I came to study this question, the methodology used, the theoretical and epistemological orientation. Chapter 1 describes the historical context of women’s and men’s different preferences in terms of choice of clothes. Then, in chapter 2, I try to explain the modalities through which taste in clothes and the associated “techniques of the body” (Mauss: 1934) are transmitted. Chapter 3 focuses on the construction of identity as a mechanism which accentuates and naturalizes the differences. Chapter 4 analyzes opinions concerning gender hierarchy and some way of dressing that aim at subverting this hierarchy. I finally discuss the point of view of those who attach an importance to the symbolic accentuation of sex differences in chapter 5
Durey, Virginie. "L' Amérindienne dans la fiction hollywoodienne : entre vérité historique et prisme cinématographique." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0014.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation deals with several research subjects, such as Cultural Studies, American history and cinema. In Hollywood cinema, and especially in westerns from 1895 until 2010, the representation of the American Indian woman tends to follow the American sociocultural changes during the twentieth century. However, American ideology, norms, conventions, ideals and values are dictating the eternal same portraits of American Indian women. Miscegenation is always forbidden, as evidenced in the death of most heroines at the end of westerns. Moreover, film directors standardize the "Pocahontas image" by universalizing exoticism and adding entertainement, thus confronting historical truth with cinematic distortion
Rasse, Gabrièle. "Les plans de prévention des risques technologiques au prisme de la vulnérabilité." Paris, ENMP, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363570.
Full textDuring their creation in 2003 further to the accident of AZF in Toulouse, the plans of technological risks prevention (PPRT) were introduced as juridical tools allowing reducing efficiently the territories vulnerability. Five years later, the question of the contentment of this mission settles. The researches on the notion of vulnerability, illustrated by the results of an inquiry of ground into the concrete application of the first PPRT, is going to show the positive points and the insufficiencies of the juridical answer to the question of the vulnerability of the territories. The first part of this thesis sets out to show beneficial effects procreated by PPRT on the territories. The second part of this thesis compensates this first positive effect showing the insufficiencies of the legal framework given by PPRT
Nauroy, Dominique. "L'échec du livre électronique de Cytale au prisme des processus de traduction." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Nauroy.Dominique.LMZ0512.pdf.
Full textThis study is dedicated to the analysis of the destiny of a French company, Cytale, manufacturer of the Cybook, an electronic book marketed in 2001 and 2002. We have managed to explain the reason which has led Cytale to make a proposal consisting in reading on a digital and electronic device, and we have tried to understand the nature of its failure. We consider this question under various sets of themes, as Cytale has been forced to cope with all of them : the building of an object. How cytale defines its identity. How cytale and its partners negociate the forms and features of the object. How a network is organized. A system marketed contrary to computing logics. Reading on screen : facing the habits of reading on paper. The nature of the library designed by cytale and the evolution of cytale customers. The tools given by the sociology of translation, among others, have allowed us to understand how the Cybook has tried to translate the book, seen as an object, and how this e-book has tried to translate the opposing interests of different worlds that Cytale has wished to gather in a network among which its existence would be justified. The carrying out of its electronic book appears as the result of a negotiation on many different levels, but the reliability of alliances that Cytale managed to seal around its Cybook is a delicate issue. This is one of the reasons explaining the failure of this process, or its early withdrawal. It is from this point of view that we have used the interviews carried out in 2003 and 2004 of forty actors who directed, financed, competed with and revolved around Cytale. Complementary theoretical tools, the sociologies of innovation, of reading and of usage regularly gave us the opportunity to support an argumentation and to work out comparative footbridges
Dieudonne, Maël. "Une société pathogène ? : les hypersensibilités environnementales au prisme de la sociologie cognitive." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2134/document.
Full textFor about two decades, the number of people claiming to suffer from multiple chemical sensitivity or electromagnetic hypersensitivity has been steadily increasing in France.T hese persons experience various and sometimes quite disabling somatic symptoms, which they attribute to exposure either to chemicals or to anthropogenic electromagnetic fields. The definition, and even the existence of these diseases are controversial. They are not legally recognized and their victims resort to self-diagnosis. However, this is not a cognitively easy task. Its implications are also far-reaching: it results in a radical change in their views of themselves, their environment and their community, as well as significant alterations in their daily lives and behaviour. It is thus an interesting phenomenon to explain for a cognitive sociology concerned with how mental representations evolve and influence conduct. Such is the purpose of this thesis. The analysis relies mostly on ethnographic materials and is conducted in a comprehensive and ecological perspective. It falls into three stages. The first one is devoted to an exploration of the controversies aroused by environmental sensitivities, so as to clarify their lack of legitimacy. The second one deals with the subjective experience and biographical trajectories of environmentally sensitive persons. The last one tries to explain the appearance and persistence of their conviction that they are hypersensitive with a utilitarian model in which emotions play a prominent role. To conclude, a comparison is outlined with other epidemics of medically unexplained symptoms
Mayrand, Basile. "Les nouvelles technologies au prisme de la notion de convivialité d'Ivan Illich." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL054.
Full textFor more than a century, philosophy of technology has grown significatively. Many critics have enriched our vision of technological progress. However, despite a contemporary intellectual effervescence on these subjects, is the impact of these philosophical reflections on new technologies real? This thesis uses the concept of conviviality, created by Ivan Illich (1926-2002) in the 1970s, to question new technologies, and specifically those often mentioned under the NBIC acronym (nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science). The purpose of this research work is based on the philosophical premise that modern technologies, and the technical systems they constitute, instantiate moral values. Therefore, throughout this work, we defend the idea that it is wrong to consider new technologies as mere morally neutral tools. The thesis is articulated around the three axes constituting the concept of conviviality: survival, justice and self-defined work. We first show how new technologies are more a danger to survival than an opportunity. In a second step, we discover they also threaten the principle of justice as Illich conceives it. Thirdly, we show that the current direction of technological development is often at odds with self-defined work. However, this trend does not seem irreversible per se. The hope of reorientation allows us to conclude on the idea that an effective and sustainable consideration of conviviality in the design of new technologies would passes by the institutionalization of the concept, at the risk of exposing it to the effects of counterproductivity
Esplan, Nicolas. "Les métamorphoses de la relation de soin au prisme de l'évolution numérique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10028.
Full textThe exchange and the sharing of information became nowadays an act of current management for the whole professional world. However, from the legal point of view, this situation calls due to its complexity. Through the regulation of the information, the dematerialization of the exchanges, the increase of the actors, the professionals of the law have to wonder concerning the interaction between the possible technical and the statutory imperatives. Domain among so many others, the sanitary world constitutes undoubtedly a space allowing to study this movement in two time, in particular when we observe more particularly the relation of care. Indeed, the digital evolution which applies henceforth to this relation really constitutes a significant stage in the long historic development of the medical science. Of course, mixing quite at once modernization and transformation, it obliges a reflection where becomes entangled commonness and originality. But this reflection turns out necessary, because if the digital development participates in a better quality of the care and in a better coordination, he does not have to make forget that he is above all in the service of the individuals
Margerin, Victor. "La reprise des contrats de travail sous le prisme des marchés publics." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0025.
Full textThe taking over of the employment contracts is undeniably determined by the business transfer. It is indeed because of such a circumstance that the article L1224-1 of the French Labour Code provides for the French legislation, to take over automatically all the work contracts in progress on the day of the transfer by the transferee. However, this link is nowadays forgotten under a confusion of alternative or specific provisions, providing for the taking over of the employment contracts outside any business transfer. Those developments can be explained by the failure of the European law to standardise the legislation of the Member-States on that particular point. The European law does not want to establish an identical protection and has made the choice to bring an incomplete definition of the notions that make however the gist of business transfer. All in all, each state is free to interpret to its convenience the dispositions of successive directives, under the sole control of the European Court of Justice. This legal cacophony is an opportunity. Indeed, since the topic is so variedly dealt with by different national laws (mainly German, English and Spanish), a comparative study enables to reveal the pros and cons of our French law. The starting point of our reflexion will be the only European consensus on this issue: the loss of a market shall by no means entail a business transfer. From the redefinition of the notion of business to the protection of the rights of both employers and employees, this present study advocates for a simplification of business transfer law