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Journal articles on the topic 'Prison institutions'
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1
BIAFRI, VIVI SYLVIANI. "PESANTREN AS A FORM OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION FOR NARCOTICS INSTITUTIONS OF NARCOTICS INSTITUTIONS OF CLASS II A JAKARTA." Journal of Correctional Issues 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v2i1.20.
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Drug convicts are scattered in all prisons in Indonesia. Only some are placed in special narcotics prisons. Therefore, in accordance with SMR 58 and 59, the prison must carry out their recovery. Narcotics special prisons have the responsibility for implementing rehabilitation for narcotics convicts. This is done to prepare them to return to the midst of society and not use narcotics anymore. This research raises the problem of how the implementation of Islamic boarding schools as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics inmates at the Class II A Narcotics Prison, Jakarta? This study aims to determine the implementation of pesantren activities as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics convicts. This research was conducted at the Class II A Narcotics Prison, Jakarta. This study uses a qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in October 2018. The data were collected using observation, interview and document study techniques which were then processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that Islamic boarding school activities as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics prisoners have not been optimal.
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Rachmayanthy, Rachmayanthy, Umar Anwar, and Zulfikri Zulfikri. "DEVELOPMENT OF TERRORIST INSTITUTIONS IN SUPER MAXIMUM SECURITY (SMS) INSTITUTIONS IN PUBLIC PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Correctional Issues 3, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v3i2.31.
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The Super Maximum Scurity Penitentiary is a new Technical Implementation Unit in the ranks of prisons, which functions specifically to foster Terrorist prisoners or other high risk prisoners, the difference between this institution compared to other Correctional UPTs is that the security is very tight with one person and one prisoner cell. and the method of guidance provided to prisoners in Super Maximum Scurity (SMS) Lapas is different from other prison guidance. The issues raised in this researchare: How is the implementation of coaching terrorist prisoners in Super Maximum Security Prison based on Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights No. 35 of 2018? And how is the development of terrorist inmates at Super Maximim Security Prison from a prison perspective? The theory used is by using coaching theory and descriptive qualitative research methods by direct interviews with officers of the Super Maximum Security (SMS) prison. Based on the results of the research, it is found that in the development of Terrorist inmates at the Super Maximum Security Prison, because in the implementation of the guidance, the difficulty of the prisoners' movement cannot be directly fostered by the officers having to regulate. Then coaching in terms of the goals of the correctional system can be reviewed because it is different from the goals of different systems, so it requires the best thinking and solutions so that coaching can be carried out in accordance with the objectives of the correctional system, namely prisoners are aware of mistakes, improve themselves and no longer commit acts that violate the law , are accepted by the community and can be active and productive in development and able to live their lives as good and responsible citizens.
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Rafter, Nicole Hahn. "Gender, Prisons, and Prison History." Social Science History 9, no. 3 (1985): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015078.
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Since the publication in 1936 of Blake McKelvey’s American Prisons (1972), social historians have developed a sizeable body of work that traces, and in some cases tries to explain, the evolution of U.S. penal institutions. These studies are important for what they tell us about perceptions of social problems in the past. They also have policy implications, indicating the historical roots of current dilemmas and alternative approaches to penal problems. Nearly all of these studies are limited, however, by their blindness to gender differences between prisons for men and women. Written mainly by men, prison histories have focused nearly exclusively on male prisoners. Perhaps their authors would argue that this bias is natural and insignificant since over time the vast majority of prisoners have been male. But by overlooking the variable of gender, prison historians have ignored an important influence on the nature and development of penal institutions.
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SKARBEK, DAVID. "Covenants without the Sword? Comparing Prison Self-Governance Globally." American Political Science Review 110, no. 4 (November 2016): 845–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000563.
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Why does prison social order vary around the world? While many of the basic characteristics of prisons are similar globally, the extent and form of informal inmate organization varies substantially. This article develops a governance theory of prison social order. Inmates create extralegal governance institutions when official governance is insufficient. The size and demographics of the prison population explain why inmates produce extralegal governance institutions in either decentralized ways, such as ostracism, or through more centralized forms, such as gangs. Comparative analysis of Brazil, Bolivia, England, Scandinavia, and men's and women's prisons in California provide empirical support.
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Bourmanne, Martine. "Armée, prison : institutions totalitaires ?" Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques 20, no. 1 (1988): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.020.0089.
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Fathya, Vita Nurul. "CORRUPTION INSTITUTION GOVERNANCE: IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCOUNTABILITY PRINCIPLES IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT." Journal of Correctional Issues 1, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v1i2.14.
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Correctional institution as a government agencyis obliged to account for any decisions and measures it takes. Therefore, the management of correctional institutions should be conducted by accountable persons so thatthe duties and functions can be implemented effectively. This article refers to some views on how to implement the principle of accountability in managing correctional institutionas input for application in Indonesia. Topic of discussion covers aspects of prison management, the importance of prison accountability, accountability proses, the characteristics of accountable prison manager, how to encourage accountability, and the challenges in prison accountability.
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Alpern, Ljudmila. "Mediation as a source of social development." Temida 9, no. 1 (2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0601021a.
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In this paper, the author deals with prison as an archaic social institution, which reflects an archaic conception of human being, his needs and duty, but exists in a modern society. Russian prisons are institutions of a male initiations as well as a Russian army. They give a special sort of male socialization, very archaic and military, patriarchal and hierarchal; produce a special kind of society divided on unmixed social groups, casts, and is very violent. Taking into account how many people go through prison in Russia (rotation near 300 people per year, every 4th man got in contact with prison and every 3rd with army) and a fact that prison and society are communicating vessels, our prisons, our prisoners and former prisoners are a good reserve of our social underdevelopment, social cruelty, our disability to promote social reforms, to take care about vulnerable group of our population (children, old people and female), because they are not a part of male prison and a military hierarchy. An attempt to modernize prison life, prison condition by different way and especially mediation as a way to make them softer and human is an attempt of social development.
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Jahn, Sarah J. "Being Private in Public Space? The ‘Administration’ of ‘Religion’ in German Prisons." Journal of Religion in Europe 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 402–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00904005.
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In public institutions like prisons, the question arises if it is possible to be private in public space, because prisons are melting pots of societal change and legal practice through restrictive institutional conditions. To discuss this question, I present data of individual and organized religion in German prisons and explore the localization of ‘religion’ in prisons. Furthermore, I analyze the regulation of religious private needs in prison, using examples from Muslim practice. The analysis makes clear that ‘religion’ is administrated in a foreign way and ‘administration’ is a key term in the possibility of being private in public institutions.
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Dr. Simon, Gabriella Ürmösné. "Amazing Penal Institutions and the Dwelling Circumstances of Inmates." Internal Security 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8303.
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Interestingly enough, there are many types of penal institutions all over the world. Most of them are overcrowded, and harsh, humiliating conditions and mandatory rules surround the inmates. Other prisons swim on the sea, or located in picturesque environment over the sea or in one of the Tuscan archipelagos, or located in a dukedom. The rest could represent “five star” penal institutions with all amenities, conveniences, and facilities of tennis court, horse riding or swimming in the sea. Eco prisons also exist with solar panels, bio diesel, recycling, and cultivations. Inmates may live in communities, without the supervision of prison wardens and the lack of window-grates, moreover, they move free. They buy their “own cells”, and playing children, stalls, restaurants, hairdresser’s, and even a hotel are in the vicinity of their “cells”. Other penal institutions accommodate the family members as well, which help children bound their convicted parents, and “disguise” the penal institution in order not to face real prison conditions. Even in the middle of the desert, in military tents inmates are located, and dressed in pink clothes to avoid T-shirt theft. Others are locked in a stone desert or far away in Siberia. Whereas one penal institution can locate only two convicts, others may accommodate ten thousand ones. There is a wide spectrum, which can range from the most lenient penal institutions, to the strictest ones.
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Rono, Joash Kiprotich, Samson Wokabi Mwangi, and John Omboto. "Analysis of the Capacity of Prison Security Structures on Inmate Escape Prevention in Nakuru Main Prison, Kenya. A Perspective of Junior Prison Officer’s." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8714.
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This study attempts to analyze the capacity of prisons security structures in Nakuru main prison to prevent inmate’s escapes in the perspective of junior officers working in the institution who formed 80 % of the sample respondents in the study. This research adopted descriptive research design which involved the use of observation, case study approach and survey technique. Data was collected majorly using questionnaires as data collection instruments and was self-administered to 142 junior prison officers who were directly involved in the facilitation of safe custody to prisoners in Nakuru main prisons. The observation checklist was also used to ascertain the state of the physical security infrastructure used to prevent escapes in Nakuru main prison. Data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and presented using frequencies, pie charts and tables. The findings from the majority of the respondents showed a lack of permanent perimeter fence at 47.4 %, old dilapidated buildings at 28.9%, lack of the use of technology e.g CCTV at 19.7%, inadequate lighting system at14.5%. The study recommendsconstruction of a modern security wall in the institution as a strategy to effectively prevent escapes, use of new technology e.g CCTV erection of a proper and adequate watchtowers/Sentries and provision of adequate lighting system at Nakuru main prisons. In addition, there is a need to escalate a similar study to all prison institutions in order to enrich the findings and recommendations for Policymakers in the criminal justice system.
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Moloko, Hastings B., Davis H. Ng’ong’ola, and Henry Kamkwamba. "The Effect of Smaller Prisoner Numbers at a Prison on The Prisoners’ Access to Food: a Case of Malawi’s Prisons." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (May 7, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i2.13098.
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While Malawi’s per capita cereal production may be higher than her per capita cereal consumption, Malawi is a net cereal importer and thus food insecure. The food situation is much worse in Malawi’s prisons because inmates generally eat one meal per day.The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of smaller prisoner numbers at a prison on the inmates’ access to food. This was done by comparing food insecurity in small prisons with that in big institutions. An institution housing less than 400 inmates was considered a small prison while one housing more than 400 prisoners was considered a big institution. Using structured questionnaires in face to face interviews, the study collected data from 1000 inmates and 30 officers-in-charge from all prisons in the country. The data was analysed using Stata 12 and employed the probit and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) models as analytical tools.Results from the analysis showed that practically all inmates in Malawi’s prisons were food insecure. There was, however, a higher perception of food insecurity in big prisons than there was in small ones. Conditions of severe food insecurity were experienced more in big institutions than in small ones, and more inmates in big prisons depended on food brought to them from their homes. Food insecurity was more prevalent in big prisons than in small ones.
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Uggen, Christopher. "Commentary: Records, Relationships, and Reentries." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 665, no. 1 (April 10, 2016): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215625051.
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This commentary highlights some of the key lessons from the preceding articles by Sarah Lageson on online criminal histories and Robert Apel on cohabitation and marriage. To provide additional perspectives on institutions and families, it draws briefly on interview data from the Minnesota Exits and Entries Project, comparing the reentry experiences of 18- to 25-year-olds leaving prisons, jails, the armed forces, the juvenile justice system, foster care, drug treatment, and mental health facilities. While the prison surely ranks among the most salient institutions for U.S. families today and as such merits close scrutiny, there is also great benefit in “escaping prison”: considering how the justice system might productively import or borrow ideas and programs from other institutional domains. In collectively showing how specific punishment conditions affect family life, we can provide the research base needed to help institutions better support individuals and families.
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Rahayu, Mulyani. "LEADERSHIP OF THE HEAD OF A CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN ACHIEVING THE TITLE OF CORRUPTION-FREE AREA (Case study at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution)." Asia Pacific Fraud Journal 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v5i1.136.
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Prisons in Indonesia are often described as a very terrible place and even there is no good side to be proud of. The case occurred recently has worsen the image of prison,where the head of Kalianda Prison was arrested by the Provincial Narcotics Agency (BNNP) for his involvement in illegal drugs that were traded in prison. This condition is very contrary to the condition at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution. The success of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution in suppressing illegal levies cannot be separated from the leadership role of the head of the prison. The presence of a leader greatly affects the integrity of employees in his ranks. The Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution is the only one of the 611 Correctional Institutions (Technical Implementation Unit) which bears the title of Corruption-Free Area in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to describe how the leadership of the Head of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution as a role model in achieving zero illegal levies using qualitative descriptive methods through field observations and in-depth interviews with structural officials, officials and inmates as informants.
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Sipahi, Ali. "Convict Labor in Turkey, 1936–1953: A Capitalist Corporation in the State?" International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000144.
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AbstractThe article proposes the institutional analysis of convict labor as an alternative to both (profit-oriented) economic and (discipline-oriented) political explanations. The specialized labor-based prisons in Turkey from 1936 to 1953 are brought to light by archival research and are presented here as a rich case to discuss the experiential/subjective conditions of unfree labor regimes and the structural effects of institutions on the convicts’ experiences. I argue that the state department responsible for prison labor in Turkey was transformed into a capitalist corporation with bureaucratic management, and the target of convict labor system was neither profit nor discipline, but the creation of the corporate bureaucracy itself. As a consequence, both for prisoners and for the prison staff, labor-based prisons appeared as privileged places. Hence, unfree labor was volunteered.
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Awofeso, Niyi, and Raymond Naoum. "Sex in prisons - a management guide." Australian Health Review 25, no. 4 (2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020149.
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Prisons are invariably unisex institutions where, besides many deprivations, heterosexual expression in its normal sense is absent. It is this characteristic that make prisons settings potentially fertile grounds for sexual aberrations. Since definite and accurate data concerning sexual activities among prison inmates are difficult to obtain, the phenomenon of sexual practices in prisons has traditionally been a topic of much speculation. However, the descriptions and explanations of most authors on the subject are often contradictory, and some of the best information are from unpublished sources.This article is an attempt to subsume many fragmented explanations about seven main types of sexual issues in prisons (i.e. consensual homosexuality, masturbation, transsexualism, prostitution, conjugal visits, sex between prisoners and prison staff, and rape among prison inmates) under more general criminological and management concepts. Suggestions for prison administrators on how to manage these complex issues in the best interests of security and inmates' health are also provided.
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Stoliker, Bryce E. "Attempted Suicide: A Multilevel Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Prison Context." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 5 (February 9, 2018): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818754609.
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Correctional institutions in the United States witness higher rates of suicide compared with the general population, as well as a higher number of attempted suicides compared with completed cases. Prison research focused little attention on investigating the combined effects of inmate characteristics and prison context on suicide, with studies using only one level of analysis (prison or prisoner) and neglecting the nested nature of inmates in prisons. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to investigate individual- and prison-contextual predictive patterns of attempted suicide using a nationally representative sample of 18,185 inmates in 326 prisons across the United States. Results revealed that several individual-level factors predicted odds for attempted suicide, such as inmate characteristics/demographics, prison experiences, having a serious mental illness, and symptoms of mental health issues. Some prison-contextual variables, as well as cross-level interaction effects, also significantly predicted odds for attempted suicide. Policy and research implications are discussed.
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Curtis, Simon P., and Anne Edwards. "HIV in UK Prisons: A Review of Seroprevalence, Transmission and Patterns of Risk." International Journal of STD & AIDS 6, no. 6 (November 1995): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249500600602.
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Summary: Prisons contain individuals at high risk of HIV infection, notably through intravenous drug use. For complex political, social and legal reasons penal institutions in the UK are unable to provide condoms and clean needles. The outbreak of HIV and hepatitis B that occurred in a Scottish prison in 1993 focused attention on the potential problems. Debate about the issue is hampered by a lack of useful information. Current data about risk behaviour and seroprevalence is reviewed, and compared with experience in other countries. Injecting drug use in prison appears to be common, and the majority who inject in prison share equipment, which can be used many times. Sexual activity may be a smaller risk factor, but does occur between men in prison. In addition, prisoners appear to have high rates of partner change between sentences. The true prevalence of HIV in UK prisons is difficult to assess, but the available data suggest it is between 0.1 and 4.5%, lower than in Southern Europe and the USA. A window of opportunity still exists to prevent further outbreaks of HIV in UK penal institutions and to maintain these low prevalence rates. Strenuous, and possibly unpalatable measures are needed now.
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Shermer, Lauren O’Neill, and Heather Sudo. "Fear of rape from behind prison walls." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2016-0032.
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Purpose The Prison Rape Elimination Act has brought significant attention to the issue of sexual victimization within correctional institutions. While the actual risk of sexual victimization remains low, the perception of rape among inmates is high. Given how one’s fear can translate into behavior, understanding how institutions impact the culture surrounding prison rape highlights areas for reducing violence within prisons. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study includes secondary analysis of a quantitative database created from semi-structured interviews with 564 high security, general population inmates. Using fear of rape as the outcome of interest, bivariate and logistic regression analyses are used to comment on the impact of individual and facility level characteristics on this outcome. Findings In general, the results from this study suggest that the greatest risk factors for fearing rape while in prison are being male, having a mental health issue, and hearing about rape within the institution. From these specific findings a few general lessons can be learned with the hope that practitioners can translate these lessons into policy initiatives in order to combat fear of rape among our inmate population. Originality/value This paper aims to fill a gap in the research on how the facility contributes to the fear of rape within prison. The end goal is to inform policy makers so that suggestions can be made to combat this problem and prevent further misconduct within these facilities.
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Van Zyl Smit, Dirk. "INTERNATIONAL IMPRISONMENT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei004.
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Every State in the modern world has a prison system, established and purportedly administered in terms of formal legal rules. Most such systems house both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners and have minimum standards and rules that are common to all prisoners. Although there is now a considerable body of international law that aims to provide a human rights framework for the recognition of the rights of all prisoners, the universality of the prison and the ubiquity of international human rights law have not meant that there is international consensus about what imprisonment should be used for and how prisons should be administered. The prison as a penal institution has remained firmly rooted in the nation State and in national legal systems. In this respect penal institutions are different from other detention facilities, most particularly those for prisoners of war, which have long been governed by the rules of international humanitarian law.
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Elger, Bernice S. "Prisoners' insomnia: to treat or not to treat? Medical decision-making in places of detention." Medicine, Science and the Law 48, no. 4 (October 2008): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.48.4.307.
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Insomnia is a frequent reason for medical and psychiatric consultation in prisons. Medical decision-making in correctional health care should be based on the same principles as outside correctional institutions. In places of detention, principles should be balanced according to the same criteria as outside correctional institutions, while taking into account the unique harm-benefit ratios related to the specific context. The aim of this paper was to examine the existing attitudes and ethical issues related to decision-making about insomnia evaluation and treatment in places of detention. An analysis of the ethical issues and an evidence-based review of the consequences of different attitudes and treatments with regard to prison medicine were carried out. Insomnia is a public health problem and requires adequate evaluation and treatment to avoid more serious health consequences both within and outside correctional institutions. Insomnia treatment in places of detention is an ethical dilemma, but there is no evidence-based reason to avoid benzodiazepines in prison completely and to use only neuroleptics and antidepressants, which might represent more dangerous and less efficient treatment. In prison medicine, should we even treat insomnia? Widely accepted ethical strategies of decision-making indicate that we should. Institutional guidelines on insomnia should be based on ethically sound decision-making that takes into account the available evidence.
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ES SALHI, Youness. "DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE WITHIN THE PRISON INSTITUTIONS." Route Educational and Social Science Journal 7, no. 49 (January 1, 2020): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.2692.
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Birech, Jeniffer Kosgey. "The Strengthening of the Institutional Corrections For Effective Rehabilitation in Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.71.6930.
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Strengthening the Institutional Corrections for Effective Rehabilitation in Kenya
Jeniffer Birech
Department of Sociology and Social Work
Abstract
Globally, Institutional Corrections continue to play a critical role in the rehabilitation of the offenders. It is estimated that there are more than 10.2 million offenders in prison including sentenced and pretrial prisoners. Statistics also show that 144 out of every 100,000 people are in prison. Similarly, in the last fifteen years the estimated world prison has increased by 25-35% hence the need to strengthen institutional corrections for better rehabilitation. In Kenya, the total prison population is about 53,841. This includes the pretrial detainees and remand prisoners. Additionally, there are 92 institutional corrections in Kenya. However, the prison system struggles with overcrowding, poor governance, insufficient coordination with other criminal justice systems and inadequate resources. As a result, the institutions have become breeding grounds for recidivism. This paper examines the development of the prison system, the evolution of the challenges and abuse of human rights. It will also examine how institutions can be strengthened. The paper recommends the need for more research to unearth more innovative ways of dealing with the challenges. There is need for inbuilt mechanisms to ensure good governance and accountability, re-integration and allocation of resources. In essence, a multisectoral approach need to be adopted for sustainable solutions.
Key Words; Strengthening, Institutional Corrections, Rehabilitation, Prison, Kenya.
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Spadijer-Dzinic, Jelena, Olivera Pavicevic, and Biljana Simeunovic-Patic. "Women in prison: Deprivations of prison life." Sociologija 51, no. 3 (2009): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0903225s.
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The paper presents the results of an empirical study of prison deprivations suffered by women, conducted at the Female Department of Correctional Facility in Pozarevac within the scope of a wider study of women's prison system. It was supposed that female prisoners in this penal institution face similar prison experience and suffer the same or similar deprivations as women in other penal institutions do. The research sample included female prisoners sentenced to more than one year, staying in prison for more than a year (54 female prisoners, i.e. more than 50% prisoners sentenced to long prison terms). Prisoners were interviewed employing a questionnaire measuring different types of deprivations using 26 indicators. Using the method of factor analysis - which was here used for the first time to study prison deprivations - six factors of women's prison deprivations were extracted: deprivation of maternity; deprivation of autonomy; deprivation of individuality; deprivation of human kindness and empathy; deprivation of a key role - a woman's role, and deprivation of friendship relations. The outcomes of this research, together with the findings of other researchers, affirm the assumption that these types of deprivations are realistic and dominant types of women's prison deprivations.
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Petrovec, Dragan, and Mitja Muršič. "Science Fiction or Reality." Prison Journal 91, no. 4 (October 12, 2011): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885511424392.
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The article presents probably the most relevant research to date on the Slovene prison system. The study was conducted through a 2-year research project sponsored by Ministry of Justice and carried out by the Institute of Criminology in Ljubljana. Along with a “longitudinal” study of the social climate in Slovene prison institutions, it evaluates the concepts, practices, and results of so-called sociotherapy as a specific approach to treatment of offenders. “Specific” in this case means that treatment simultaneously encompasses life in prison, the offenders’ social environment, and the inclusion of prison staff. Sociotherapy began as an experiment during the mid-70s and led to astonishing results, namely, the “opening” of prison institutions for almost all inmates, regardless of the length of sentence or the crime committed. Applying the findings of sociotherapy every 5 years since 1980, the social climate in every Slovene prison institution has been measured to assess the quality of support and control prisoners receive and the discipline and treatment philosophies at work in the system. Finally, the article deals with the situation after Slovene independence in 1991 and the passage of new legislation. Against expectations, we find that with the advent of democracy, standards of prisoner treatment have dropped. However, the success of the experiment should encourage all countries seeking to reduce the significant costs of incarceration and attempting to make prison institutions more humane.
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Lauritsen, Annemette Nyborg. "»Vis mig dine fanger ...« – et indblik i Grønlands indsattepopulation." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 104, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v104i2.115040.
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Greenland is expected to get its first closed institution for delinquents in 2018. With this, the idea of Greenland as “the country without prisons” will be history. Yet even before the first closed institution is built, Greenland already ranksamong the most punitive countries in Scandinavia with more than 200 inmates per 100,000 population. The current article draws on studies of inmate records to produce a picture of the social characteristics of the Greenlandic prison population. In addition, it examines how the Greenlandic welfare society has dealt with people before they wound up in institutions for delinquents.
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GIBBONS, STEPHEN G., and GREGORY L. PIERCE. "Politics and Prison Development in a Rural Area." Prison Journal 75, no. 3 (September 1995): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855595075003007.
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In 1985, Eastern Oregon State Hospital, an institution for the mentally ill, was converted into Eastern Oregon Correctional Institution (EOCI), a medium-security prison for men. EOCI was the first Oregon correctional institution outside the Salem area. This article examines the historical, political, and economic reasons the institution was located in Pendleton. We argue that the most important variable in determining where a prison will be located is not geography, safety, or demography, but whether the prison fits the economic growth plan of the area. If so, local elite are more likely to support the institution, and the institution is therefore more likely to be built. Policy implications for siting correctional institutions are discussed.
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Hartley, David M., Jon P. Furuno, Marc O. Wright, David L. Smith, and Eli N. Perencevich. "The Role of Institutional Epidemiologic Weight in Guiding Infection Surveillance and Control in Community and Hospital Populations." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (February 2006): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501052.
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Background.Institutions such as hospitals, prisons, and long-term care facilities have been identified as focal points for the transmission of emerging infections. Cost-effective control of these infections in large populations requires the identification of optimal subpopulations for targeted infection control interventions. Our objective was to quantify and compare the relative impact that individual institutions or subpopulations have on wider population-level outbreaks of emerging pathogens.Design.We describe a simple mathematical model to compute the epidemiologic weight (EW) of an institution or subpopulation. The EW represents the rate at which newly infectious individuals exit the institution under consideration.Setting.A hypothetical academic tertiary-care hospital (700 beds, 5-day length of stay [LOS]) and prison (3098 inmates, 27-day LOS).Patients.Individuals entering a hospital in-patient prison ward and nonprisoners entering both medical and surgical intensive-care units and those admitted to the general medical and surgical wards.Results.The recent example of the community-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusepidemic is used to illustrate the EW calculation. Hospitals and prisons, which often have vastly dissimilar populations sizes and LOSs and might have differing transmission rates, can have comparable EWs and thus contribute equally to an epidemic in the community.Conclusions.This method highlights the importance of measuring entrance and exit colonization prevalences for the optimal targeting of prevention measures. The EW not only identified superspreader institutions but also ranks them, enabling public health workers to optimize the allocation of resources to places where they are likely to be of most benefit.
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Hall, Barry, and Peter Gabor. "Peer Suicide Prevention in a Prison." Crisis 25, no. 1 (January 2004): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.1.19.
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Summary: Suicide rates among inmate populations in prisons are considerably higher than in the general population. Suicide prevention is a common need among penal institutions around the world. Traditional approaches involving only correctional staff in suicide prevention efforts have proven to have their limitations. The involvement of inmates in peer prevention efforts seems to be a reasonable alternative approach. This study examines such a program, called SAMS in the Pen, operated jointly between the prison and the Samaritans of Southern Alberta. This service, the first of its kind in Canada, involved inmate volunteers, known as SAMS, who were trained in listening skills, suicide prevention, and risk assessment. Data was collected for the research from volunteers, correctional staff, general inmate population, and professional staff. However, given the low absolute number in the one institution where the study was carried out, statistical analyses were not practical. As with any new service, the SAMS in the Pen experienced some developmental problems but was perceived to be a worthwhile service to both inmates and staff of the prison.
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Curtice, Martin, and John Sandford. "Article 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the treatment of prisoners." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 2 (March 2010): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.006320.
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SummaryThe humane treatment of prisoners has long been considered a mark of a civilised society. Early prison reformers such as Elizabeth Fry and John Howard campaigned vigorously for the improvement of conditions for inmates and for institutions to be focused as much on reform and rehabilitation as on punishment. This progressive improvement in conditions for those imprisoned has been further advanced by the European Convention on Human Rights and its incorporation into UK law. The Human Rights Act 1998 is playing an ever-increasing role in determining the standards of treatment of those detained by the state. Article 3 of the Act – freedom from torture and inhuman and degrading treatment – is of particular importance for those detained in prisons, hospitals and other institutions. As Article 3 case law has evolved, so its interpretation has broadened to include a thorough scrutiny of prison conditions, prison healthcare and the treatment of prisoners in general.
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Pirozhkova, I. G., and L. V. Tarabrina. "Informal Names of Penitentiary Institutions." Pravo istoriya i sovremennost, no. 2(15) (2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/pravo.2021.02.pp.131-136.
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The article deals with the study of the emergence of informal names of institutions of the penitentiary system. A brief description of the most famous places of detention, the history of their origin and the reasons for the occurrence of their names are given. The penetration of “prison culture” into society is studied. The deep meaning of informal names of institutions of the penitentiary system is considered. The names of famous figures of Russia, whose fate is somehow connected with places of imprisonment, are given. A conclusion about the relationship between the breadth of distribution of informal names of prison institutions and their purpose for life imprisonment is drawn.
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Milić, Ivan. "Committing the most dangerous convicts to serve prison sentences." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 92, no. 3 (2020): 312–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv92-26651.
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There are more than thirty penal institutions in the Republic of Serbia in which persons deprived of liberty "reside" due to different reasons as prescribed by law. A convicted person is committed to serve a prison sentence after the final court judgement. This is the rule, however, there is an exception. The position of a convict while serving a prison sentence depends on the type of penal institution in which the convict serves the sentence. There are many circumstances prescribed by law that determine to which penal institutions a convict will be committed to. Since 2009, there have been special rules on serving prison sentences for a certain category of convicts in the Republic of Serbia. This is when the Law on the Enforcement of the Prison Sentence for Criminal Offenses of Organised Crime was enacted. The author focuses on the committal of the most dangerous convicts to serving prison sentences. In this regard, the author points out who the most dangerous convicts are, where they serve the prison sentence, and how the procedure of committing the convict to serve the sentence is organised.
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Zahars, Vitolds, and Māris Stivrenieks. "THE SECURITY ASPECTS OF PRISONS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 70 (March 31, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i70.4323.
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Nowadays the prisons management and process control are based not only to physical security of prisons (premises, buildings, engineering equipment and technological equipment), but more to dynamic security (positive relationship between prison staff and inmates, based to rigidity and equity). The article reflects the results of the research about custodial sentence enforcement aspects of security in Latvian prisons. In this research are highlighted specificities of custodial sentence enforcement aspects of security in imprisonment places from point of view of rights of the custodial sentence enforcement law and practice. In this research are identified issues of the problem and suggested possible solutions. Within the framework of the research the norms of the Sentence Execution Code of Latvia, Prisons Administration Act and Regulations No.423 of the Cabinet of Ministers of May 30, 2006 – Internal rules of Penitentiary institutions, have been analyzed based on the safety aspects of the prison and its compliance with the requirements of generally accepted human rights, the Council of Europe and international norms and standards. Within the research the scientific literature and viewpoints from legal experts have been collected and analyzed. The aim of the research is to show, that the safety aspects of the prisons are insufficiently and inaccurately regulated and requires a deeper analysis. On the bases of this research were developed series of recommendations for prison staff to comply with the safety aspects of prisons as well as the necessity to make amendments in norms of the Sentence Execution Code of Latvia, Prisons Administration Act and Regulations No.423 of the Cabinet of Ministers of May 30, 2006 – Internal rules of Penitentiary institutions.
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Levinson, Robert B., and Roy E. Gerard. "Classifying Institutions." Crime & Delinquency 32, no. 3 (July 1986): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128786032003004.
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While a number of state departments of corrections have developed and are using objective classification systems, many of these pay minimal attention to one important component of this approach—classifying their institutions. Inconsistencies within systems—for example, the same institutional title being applied to dissimilar facilities—leads to mismatches between inmate security needs and prison designations. This article describes a method for determining relative levels of institutional security, which can be customized to fit the unique characteristics of each jurisdiction's array of facilities.
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SKARBEK, DAVID. "Governance and Prison Gangs." American Political Science Review 105, no. 4 (October 18, 2011): 702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000335.
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How can people who lack access to effective government institutions establish property rights and facilitate exchange? The illegal narcotics trade in Los Angeles has flourished despite its inability to rely on state-based formal institutions of governance. An alternative system of governance has emerged from an unexpected source—behind bars. The Mexican Mafia prison gang can extort drug dealers on the street because they wield substantial control over inmates in the county jail system and because drug dealers anticipate future incarceration. The gang's ability to extract resources creates incentives for them to provide governance institutions that mitigate market failures among Hispanic drug-dealing street gangs, including enforcing deals, protecting property rights, and adjudicating disputes. Evidence collected from federal indictments and other legal documents related to the Mexican Mafia prison gang and numerous street gangs supports this claim.
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Chamberlen, Anastasia, and Henrique Carvalho. "The Thrill of the Chase: Punishment, Hostility and the Prison Crisis." Social & Legal Studies 28, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663918759820.
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This article offers one of the first analyses of the current and ongoing crisis affecting English and Welsh prisons and of recent proposals for prison reform. The article pits the impression of novelty surrounding the current framework of incarceration against the notion promoted by critical scholarship that the nexus between crisis and reform is not new. Building on this debate, we deploy an original theoretical perspective, grounded on the concept of hostile solidarity, to argue that the promise of prison reform is an essential aspect of the utility ascribed to punishment, which allows the prison to be perpetually preserved and seen as unquestionably necessary, even when in crisis. The article concludes by suggesting that our emotional attachment and contemporary reliance on punishment, and its manifestation in the perpetuation and expansion of institutions like the prison, are ultimately self-defeating and self-propelling.
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Beauregard, Val_rie, and Serge Brochu. "Gambling behind bars: does prison provide ideal conditions?" Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 28 (December 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2013.28.6.
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While studies exist on the gambling habits of the correctional population prior to incarceration, little information exists on gambling habits during imprisonment. This article aims to describe gambling practices in Quebec prisons. The impact of prison life on these activities and their meaning will be analyzed, relying on semi-structured interviews with 51 men currently detained in three federal penitentiaries in Quebec. Contrary to our expectations, the regulations prohibiting gambling in Correctional Service of Canada institutions do not present a central obstacle to this practice. In fact, participation in gambling is limited more by elements connected to the detention institution and the sentence. The availability of certain games, more particularly card games such as poker, as well as the pleasure resulting from those games seem considerably limited in comparison with group bets like sports pools.
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HAYES, LINDSAY M. "Prison Suicide: An Overview and a Guide to Prevention." Prison Journal 75, no. 4 (December 1995): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032855595075004003.
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Until recently, it has been assumed that suicide, although a problem for jail inmates as they face the initial crisis of incarceration, is not a significant problem for inmates who advance to prison to serve out their sentences. Although the rate of suicide in prisons is far lower than it is in jails, it remains disproportionately higher than that for the general population. To date, little research has been generated and few prevention resources have been offered in this critical area. Aside from a scattering of isolated research studies, the dissemination of information regarding prison suicide has been sporadic at best. This article summarizes the findings from a study conducted by the National Center on Institutions and Alternatives and includes a thorough review of the literature, the most recent national data on the incidence and rate of prison suicide, and an analysis of an effective prison suicide prevention program.
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Porter, Roy. "Rethinking Institutions in Late Georgian England." Utilitas 6, no. 1 (May 1994): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800001333.
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It is a great privilege to have been invited to speak on this occasion. I shall not talk about Janet Semple's life, since I did not know Janet Semple well. I first came across her work when the Oxford University Press sent me a copy of her Ph.D. thesis, asking for my opinion as to its publishability. I groaned—yet another study of the panopticon! I opened it, started reading—and read it straight through. It was so clear, insightful, powerful in its interpretation and beautifully written. I am delighted to see that it has appeared as Bentham's Prison. I was, at a later stage, equally pleased to be involved in persuading Janet to publish some of her research on Bentham's medical and health interests. I shall not try to evaluate her work today. I think I might best honour her by trying to reflect upon some of the wider issues that surround Bentham's concerns with prisons and hospitals—issues raised by her work.
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Kallman, Meghan Elizabeth. "Teaching Sociology in a Men’s Prison: How Total Institutions Shape Pedagogy and Engagement with Content." Teaching Sociology 46, no. 4 (May 16, 2018): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x18775176.
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Sociology can be a highly emancipatory discipline, permitting students and researchers to identify and thus alter the structures that contour their lives. Nowhere has this been clearer to me than in teaching sociology to incarcerated students in state prisons. Drawing on nine semesters of teaching experience and a complement of semi-structured interviews, I analyze patterns and challenges that emerge in the teaching and learning of sociology in this environment. I explore how in units of sociology that challenge or denaturalize the social organization of the prison or students’ temporary identities, learning is altered and conditioned by their environment. In this sense, my analysis goes beyond other thinking on student engagement with privilege and oppression, showing that the particular social characteristics of a prison have meaningful effects on learning. I conclude by offering thoughts about the power of voice and writing, both public and private, in overcoming some of these obstacles.
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BALAKRISHNAN, SARAH. "OF DEBT AND BONDAGE: FROM SLAVERY TO PRISONS IN THE GOLD COAST, c. 1807–1957." Journal of African History 61, no. 1 (March 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853720000018.
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AbstractContrary to the belief that prisons never predated colonial rule in Africa, this article traces their emergence in the Gold Coast after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. During the era of ‘legitimate commerce’, West African merchants required liquidity to conduct long-distance trade. Rather than demand human pawns as interest on loans, merchants imprisoned debtors’ female relatives because women's sexual violation in prison incentivized kin to repay loans. When British colonists entered the Gold Coast, they discovered how important the prisons were to local credit. They thus allowed the institutions to continue, but without documentation. The so-called ‘native prisons’ did not enter indirect rule — and the colonial archive — until the 1940s. Contrary to studies of how Western states used prisons to control black labour after emancipation, this article excavates a ‘debt genealogy’ of the prison. In the Gold Coast, prisons helped manage cash flow after abolition by holding human hostages.
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Elmer, Eddy, and Heather Campbell Pope. "Meeting the Physical and Mental Health Needs of Older Offenders: Does Aging in Place Work in Prison?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.064.
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Abstract In many countries, the proportion of older people in prison is growing due to longer sentences, increases in convictions for historical offences, and longevity. Moreover, harsh conditions of confinement coupled with the negative effects of a criminal lifestyle may contribute to 'accelerated aging' in this population. Indeed, many prisoners develop health problems that are more commonly seen among people who are up to ten years older. Correctional institutions are increasingly struggling to meet the complex and expensive healthcare needs of these offenders, especially at end-of-life. Some institutions have taken the position that prisons were never intended to be nursing homes, nor can they be adequately adapted to fulfill this role. As a result, these institutions attempt to place some aging offenders in healthcare institutions within the community, provided that their risk to the public can be adequately managed. Other institutions have argued that the needs of aging offenders can be successfully met behind prison walls and have taken steps to allow prisoners to 'age in place.' After summarizing the research on the physical and mental health needs of aging offenders, this presentation considers the advantages and disadvantages of meeting older offenders' healthcare needs both within and outside the prison setting and provides relevant examples of both. Special attention is paid to the issues of social isolation and loneliness: both may contribute to accelerated aging, and perhaps even the risk for re-offending, raising questions about which correctional settings are most beneficial for minimizing these problems.
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Payana, I. Made Dwi, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap Narapidana yang Melakukan Transaksi Narkotika di dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.1988.80-85.
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Narcotics transaction or narcotics distribution, especially in correctional institutions has been very widespread; this is the impact of the loss of control of the existing system. This condition has an impact on the formation of a negative view of the community on the implementation of law enforcement, especially in the prison environment. So the problem under study is how to regulate sanctions related to narcotics transactions that occur within prison and how enforcement against inmates conducting drug transactions in prison law. By using the empirical normative legal research method (mix method) whit primary data sourced from Class II Penitentiary Kerobokan. The results of the study showed that the regulation of sanctions for prisoners who carry out narcotics transactions in prisons, namely the threat of capital punishment, life imprisonment, maximum imprisonment of 20 years and a minimum of 5 years. Whereas law enforcement in correctional institutions, namely severe disciplinary penalties, entered into a register, handed down register F, all prisoners’ rights will be lost, and passed on to the competent authority. The government in this case is the Ministry of Law and Human Rights should always collaborate with the National Narcotics Agency by visiting prisons regularly or allegedly as a place for narcotics transactions or distribution. Then with regard to legislation products that are already in force it should be noted again.
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Raoult, Sacha, and Bernard E. Harcourt. "The mirror image of asylums and prisons: A study of institutionalization trends in France (1850–2010)." Punishment & Society 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516660696.
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This article analyzes trends in prison rates and mental hospital rates in France since the earliest available statistics. It shows that, on almost two centuries of data and amidst an agitated political history, every asylum trend in France is “countered” by an inverse prison trend, and vice-versa. Both trends are like a mirror image of each other. We reflect on the possible explanations for this intriguing fact and show that the most obvious ones (a population transfer or a building transfer) are not able to account for most of the relationship. After these explanations have been dismissed, we are left with an enigma with wide theoretical and practical implications. How is it that when prisons fall, asylums rise and when prison rise, asylums fall? We suggest possible research avenues drawing on the 1960s and 1970s critical literature on “total institutions” and offer implications for current theories of the “punitive turn” and current quantitative studies of prison rates.
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El Sayed, Sarah A., Robert G. Morris, Rashaan A. DeShay, and Alex R. Piquero. "Comparing the Rates of Misconduct Between Private and Public Prisons in Texas." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 9 (January 15, 2020): 1217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719897236.
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Mass incarceration has led to an increased reliance on private prisons. Yet, there is little evidence regarding the extent to which public safety and misconduct patterns differ across private versus public prisons. Combining data from prisoners in the State of Texas within a counterfactual research design, the current study examines differences in the likelihood of engaging in misconduct among comparable male inmates sentenced to a private over a public prison unit. Findings indicate there are no significant differences in the amount of misconduct committed by inmates in either public or private institutions—with the exception of physical violence. Inmates assigned to private facilities were 10% less likely to engage in institutional violence compared with similarly situated inmates assigned to public facilities.
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Mace, Sharon, and Connie Doyle. "Challenges in Dealing with Supervised and Institutionalized Populations in a Disaster." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002243.
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Introduction:Those residing in supervised facilities including nursing homes, mental health facilities, group homes, and penal institutions for health, legal, or security reasons present unique challenges in a disaster.Methods:A review of the literature and after action reports on supervised and institutionalized populations in disasters.Results:Recommendations for supervised, institutionalized populations in a disaster include: (1.) preplanned agreements for specialized transportation if needed; (2.) reciprocal agreements between similar facilities (nursing home with another nursing home, prison with other prison, dialysis centers, etc.) for resource sharing; (3.) arrangements for sharing and emergency privileging of personnel in institutions that are not their primary workplace; (4.) just-in-time training for appropriate volunteers; and (5.) accommodations for family members if personnel are to be available during a disaster.Individuals in some institutions need a personalized disaster plan with pertinent data: next of kin with contact information, medical records, care providers and care plan to accompany a mobilized individual. Long-term care and housing may be needed if the institution is nonfunctional. Dealing with medical and behavioral issues is secondary to the disaster. Chronic issues must be considered as well.Discussion: Caring for specialized, institutional individuals is complex and difficult. Comprehensive pre-disaster planning can mitigate the effects of the disaster.
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Doyle, Aaron, and Richard V. Ericson. "Breaking into prison: News sources and correctional institutions." Canadian Journal of Criminology 38, no. 2 (April 1996): 155–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.38.2.155.
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Corcoran, Farrel. "Pedagogy in prison: Teaching in maximum security institutions." Communication Education 34, no. 1 (January 1985): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03634528509378582.
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Brown, Ashley, Helen Sweeting, Greig Logan, Evangelia Demou, and Kate Hunt. "Prison Staff and Prisoner Views on a Prison Smoking Ban: Evidence From the Tobacco in Prisons Study." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 8 (May 26, 2018): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty092.
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Abstract Introduction In jurisdictions permitting prisoner smoking, rates are high (c75%), with smoking embedded in prison culture, leading to secondhand smoke exposures among staff and prisoners and challenges for smoking cessation. Momentum is building to ban smoking in prisons, but research on staff and prisoner views is lacking. We address this gap, providing evidence on staff and prisoner views throughout all Scottish prisons. Methods Data were collected prior to the announcement of a (November 2018) prison smoking ban throughout Scotland. Mixed methods were used: surveys of staff (online, N = 1271, ~27%) and prisoners (questionnaire, N = 2512, ~34%); 17 focus groups and two paired interviews with staff in 14 prisons. Results Staff were more positive than prisoners about bans and increased smoking restrictions, although prisoner views were more favorable should e-cigarettes be permitted. Nonsmokers were more positive than smokers. Whilst 74% staff and 22% prisoners agreed bans were a good idea, both groups acknowledged implementation and enforcement challenges. Staff views were influenced by beliefs about: acceptability of the policy in principle and whether/how bans could be achieved. Although some voiced doubts about smoke-free policies, staff likened a ban to other operational challenges. Staff raised concerns around needs for appropriate measures, resources and support, adequate lead-in time, and effective communication prior to a ban. Conclusion We recommend that regular and open opportunities for dialogue within and between different stakeholder groups are created when preparing for prison smoking bans and that specific measures to address staff and prisoner concerns are incorporated into plans to create and maintain smoke-free environments. Implications To our knowledge, this study is the first to research staff and prisoner views across a whole prison system prior to implementation of smoke-free policies. The results highlight potential challenges and suggest measures, which might help to maximize the success of bans. Our results are relevant for prison service managers responsible for the forthcoming introduction of a ban in Scottish prisons (November 2018) and for other prison systems and comparable institutions planning smoke-free initiatives. Given that prison smoking bans may be contentious, we recommend creating regular and open opportunities for dialogue between stakeholders when preparing for and maintaining smoke-free environments.
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Jenness, Valerie, and Julie Gerlinger. "The Feminization of Transgender Women in Prisons for Men: How Prison as a Total Institution Shapes Gender." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219894422.
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In this article, we investigate the degree to which prison shapes transgender women’s perceptions of themselves as gendered people in prisons for men. Drawing on original data collected from 315 transgender women in 27 prisons for men in California, a mixed-methods analysis reveals that transgender women in prisons for men report higher levels of self-perceptions of femininity while incarcerated, especially for those who report sexual victimization by other prisoners. The implications of these and other findings are discussed in light of recent calls for more theory and research on femininities as well as the policies and practices that undergird prisons as one of the most sex-segregated institutions.
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WACHSMANN, NIKOLAUS. "BETWEEN REFORM AND REPRESSION: IMPRISONMENT IN WEIMAR GERMANY." Historical Journal 45, no. 2 (June 2002): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002455.
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This is the first account of the prison in the Weimar Republic (1918–33), set in the context of the evolution of German social policy. In the early years, the Weimar prison was characterized by hunger, overcrowding, and conflict. At this time, leading officials agreed on a new approach to imprisonment, influenced by the demand for the ‘incapacitation of incorrigibles, reformation of reformables’. This principle was championed by the modern school of criminal law, designed to replace traditional policy based on deterrence and uniform retribution. The policy of reform and repression shaped the Weimar prison. Most prison officials supported the indefinite confinement of ‘incorrigibles’. While this did not become law, many prisoners classified as ‘incorrigible’ (increasingly after ‘objective’ examinations) received worse treatment than others, both in prison and after their release. Regarding the ‘reformables’, some institutions introduced measures aimed at prisoner rehabilitation. But such policies were not fully implemented in other prisons, not least because of resistance by local prison officials. During the collapse of the Weimar Republic in the early 1930s, measures aimed at rehabilitation, only just introduced, were cut back again. By contrast, the repression of ‘incorrigibles’ was pursued with even more vigour than before, an important legacy for Nazi penal policy.