Journal articles: 'Prison mental health care'

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Birmingham, Luke. "The mental health of prisoners." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 3 (May 2003): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.3.191.

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Mental health problems are the most significant cause of morbidity in prisons. Over 90% of prisoners have a mental disorder. The prison environment and the rules and regimes governing daily life inside prison can be seriously detrimental to mental health. Prisoners have received very poor health care and, until recently, the National Health Service (NHS) had no obligations to service this group, which was the Home Office's responsibility. The NHS is expected to take responsibility eventually, following a new health partnership with the Prison Service. NHS psychiatrists will have to be much more active in the development and delivery of health care to prisoners who now have the right to equal health care. There are positive developments but concerted and determined action is required to bring prison health care up to acceptable standards.

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Warren, Mark. "Mental health care beyond prison." British Journal of Nursing 24, no. 15 (August 13, 2015): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.15.790.

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Jethwa, Jemini, and Kate Townsend. "Planning effective mental healthcare in prisons: findings from a national consultation on the care programme approach in prisons." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S198—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.533.

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AimsThe Care Programme Approach (CPA) can be an effective tool in coordinating the care and treatment needs of people with mental illness and learning disabilities. Within prisons settings, the CPA has been poorly implemented and the principles underpinning this approach have been lost. The aim of this research was to look at the key themes identified as part of a consultation process to develop quality guidance on planning effective mental healthcare in prisons in relation to the CPA.MethodThe consultation exercises included telephone interviews and hosting a national consultation event to represent the views of prisons nationally. It was conducted by the Quality Network for Prison Mental Health Services, a quality improvement initiative organised by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Centre for Quality Improvement.ResultThe results derived from the consultation process indicates that CPA in prisons is inconsistently adopted and that there is lack of confidence in the process from prison mental health teams, particularly with how to engage community mental health teams.ConclusionThis concludes that there is a substantial need for standardisation and consistency in the application of the CPA process within prisons, for the purposes of enhanced care delivery, greater continuity of care, and improved patient outcomes. The Quality Network for Prison Mental Health Services used the findings from this consultation to produce a national guidance document on planning effective mental healthcare in prisons, which can be accessed for free by all prison mental health teams.

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Testoni, Ines, Irene Nencioni, Maibrit Arbien, Erika Iacona, Francesca Marrella, Vittoria Gorzegno, Cristina Selmi, et al. "Mental Health in Prison: Integrating the Perspectives of Prison Staff." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111254.

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(1) Background: The Italian Constitutional Court’s decision n. 99/2019 abolished the distinction between physical and psychological health care in the Italian prison system. However, this and other changes to the penitentiary system present challenges to prison staff, which may vary based on their roles and backgrounds; (2) Purpose: To create a process of dialogue and collaboration that include different points of view, needs, and proposals regarding mental health in prisons, this study collects and integrates the perspectives of 91 prison staff who work in various capacities in eight prisons in northeast Italy. (3) Methods: Each participant was involved in either a focus group or a semi-structured interview, and thematic analysis was used to process the resulting transcripts; (3) Results: Through this process, 10 themes were derived that highlight the difficulties of working with prisoners with psychiatric disorders or psychological distress, including lack of human and economic resources, lack of positive communication between prisoners and society and a sense of professional incompetency; (4) Conclusions: Based on these themes, the need for increased points of view, dialogue, and collaboration between prison professionals and between prison and society is discussed, and the current feasibility of treating psychiatric disorders in prison is considered.

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Fovet, T., and P. Thomas. "Forensic Care in France." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.050.

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In France, the number of inmates with psychiatric disorders has grown substantially during the last two decades. In this context, significant changes occurred in France's forensic psychiatry service provision in recent years. Especially, full-time inpatient units for inmates (called unités d’hospitalisation spécialement aménagées, UHSA) have been created in 2010. These changes clearly improved access to mental health care for inmates. Moreover, some recent trends in indicators such as the suicide rate in French prison, which has fallen slightly, are promising [1].However, the practice of psychiatry in prisons is a subject of debate between the proponents of the development of a specific care system for inmates and those considering that psychiatric teams must stay out of prison. One should insist on the dichotomy between the justice system and the health system, which appears constitutional in France. Indeed, the professional independence of caregivers from the judiciary system and the medical confidentiality are fundamental values on which French model has been built. Furthermore, the improvement of the quality of health care in prisons could alarmingly lead the judges to preferentially choose imprisonment for patients suffering from mental disorders committing offences while prison should in no way be considered as a patient care setting. This trend is evidenced by the low rate of individuals judged irresponsible for their crime because of mental health status currently observed in France.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.e

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Kemper, Maria Lenz Cesar. "Deinstitutionalization and mental health of the deprived of liberty with mental disorders: the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil experience." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 12 (December 2022): 4569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222712.12622022en.

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Abstract This paper presents an experience report on the supervision of deinstitutionalization of the prison system through the articulation of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) conducted from 2014 to 2021 within the Superintendence of Mental Health/Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro. This work of deinstitutionalizing people deprived of liberty with mental health problems consists of actions at the exit and entrance doors of the prison system and actions for the care of unimputable and imputable people with mental disorders. In the light of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, formalized by Law No. 10,216/2001, we aim to present an approach to this process counting on the possibilities of building care policies for insane offenders that are not punitive or segregating. The practical results of this work include more significant participation of the network in the construction of care for insane offenders, elaborating policies that avoid the prison career or reduce the asylum time in the penal system, and understanding that security measures must always have an outpatient nature.

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Jacobi, John V. "Prison Health, Public Health: Obligations and Opportunities." American Journal of Law & Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2005): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880503100403.

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We don't care enough about prisoners’ welfare. We should care deeply because, as two prominent commentators on the history of prisons have said, “Prisoners are ourselves writ large or small. And, as such, they should not be subjected to suffering exceeding fair expiation for the crimes for which they have been convicted.” Well over two million persons are imprisoned in America today. We imprison a higher percentage of our population than any other country. Those we imprison are disproportionately poor, of color, uneducated, and sick. They have chronic conditions, mental illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases. They usually receive inadequate health care—and sometimes shockingly poor care.6 It has always been so. Prison reformers have argued for decent prison care based on humanitarian principles since the founding of the Republic, and, notwithstanding some notable achievements, have failed to achieve decent conditions. In the last fifty years, reformers shifted to individual rights arguments based on prisoners’ constitutional rights.

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Barnert, Elizabeth, Ada Kwan, and Brie Williams. "Ten Urgent Priorities Based on Lessons Learned From More Than a Half Million Known COVID-19 Cases in US Prisons." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 6 (June 2021): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306221.

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COVID-19 is ravaging US prisons. Prison residents and staff must be prioritized for vaccination, but a rapidly mutating virus and high rates of continued spread require an urgent, coordinated public health response. Based on knowledge accumulated from the pandemic thus far, we have identified 10 pressing public health priorities for responding to COVID-19 in prisons: (1) accelerate population reduction coupled with community reentry support, (2) improve prison ventilation systems, (3) ensure appropriate mask use, (4) limit transfers between facilities, (5) strengthen partnerships between public health departments and prison leadership, (6) introduce or maintain effective occupational health programs, (7) ensure access to advance care planning processes for incarcerated patients and delineation of patient health care rights, (8) strengthen partnerships between prison leadership and incarcerated people, (9) provide emergency mental health support for prison residents and staff, and (10) commit to public accountability and transparency. Dedicated prison leaders cannot accomplish these public health priorities alone. We must mobilize prison leaders, staff, and residents; public health departments; community advocates; and policymakers to work together to address the pandemic’s outsized impact in US prisons.

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Samele, Chiara, Norman Urquía, Karen Slade, and Andrew Forrester. "Information pathways into prison mental health care." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 28, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2017.1308538.

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East, Adrian. "Prison mental health care in Northern Ireland." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 28, no. 3 (June 2018): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2080.

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Salize, H. J., and H. Dressing. "Organisation and Practice of Prison Mental Health Care in Europe - the EUPRIS Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70574-7.

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Among the more than 9.25 million people currently being held in penal institutions worldwide, mentally disordered inmates constitute a serious problem. Despite the standard doctrine in most countries that mentally ill offenders lacking criminal responsibility have to be referred to in forensic psychiatric facilities for specialised care, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners by far exceeds the rate of mental disorders in the general population. However, international research on this issue is scarce. The EU has recently funded a study on the overall concepts and capacities of mental health care in prisons from 25 European countries. Hindered by very bad health reporting standards, the study revealed deficient mental state screening and assessment procedures at prison entry as well as during the term or prior to release. This is an obstacle for implementing adequate primary, secondary or tertiary prevention programmes for most prevalent mental disorders in prisons. Additionally it increases the risk of relapsing and re-offending of released prisoners. None of the included countries provides regular national statistics on the frequency of mental disorders of prisoners or on the availability of psychiatric treatments. Together with a mostly unknown share of general psychiatry involvement into prison mental health care, the information gap currently prevents from identifying favourable concepts of prison mental health care in Europe. The paper presents the data collected during the study as well as a suggested set of standardized indicators whose implementation would enable to describe and evaluate this seriously neglected field.

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Salize, H. J., and H. Dressing. "Organisation and Practice of Prison Mental Health Care in Europe - the EUPRIS Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71076-4.

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Among the more than 9.25 million people currently being held in penal institutions worldwide, mentally disordered inmates constitute a serious problem. Despite the standard doctrine in most countries that mentally ill offenders lacking criminal responsibility have to be referred to in forensic psychiatric facilities for specialised care, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners by far exceeds the rate of mental disorders in the general population. However, international research on this issue is scarce. The EU has recently funded a study on the overall concepts and capacities of mental health care in prisons from 25 European countries. Hindered by very bad health reporting standards, the study revealed deficient mental state screening and assessment procedures at prison entry as well as during the term or prior to release. This is an obstacle for implementing adequate primary, secondary or tertiary prevention programmes for most prevalent mental disorders in prisons. Additionally it increases the risk of relapsing and re-offending of released prisoners. None of the included countries provides regular national statistics on the frequency of mental disorders of prisoners or on the availability of psychiatric treatments. Together with a mostly unknown share of general psychiatry involvement into prison mental health care, the information gap currently prevents from identifying favourable concepts of prison mental health care in Europe. The paper presents the data collected during the study as well as a suggested set of standardized indicators whose implementation would enable to describe and evaluate this seriously neglected field.

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Earle, Kathleen A., Brace Bradigan, and Leonard I. Morgenbesser. "Mental Health Care for American Indians in Prison." Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work 9, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j051v09n03_06.

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Van Marle, Hjalmar J. C. "Mental health care in prison: How to manage our care." International Journal of Prisoner Health 3, no. 2 (February 2007): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449200701321530.

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Senior, J., L. Birmingham, M. A. Harty, L. Hassan, A. J. Hayes, K. Kendall, C. King, et al. "Identification and management of prisoners with severe psychiatric illness by specialist mental health services." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 7 (October 23, 2012): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002073.

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BackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners is considerably higher than in the general population. This is an important public health issue as the vast majority of prisoners stay in custody for less than 9 months and, when not in prison, offenders' lifestyles are frequently chaotic, characterized by social exclusion, instability and unemployment. Multi-disciplinary mental health inreach services were introduced to target care towards prisoners with severe mental illness (SMI) in a similar way to that provided by Community Mental Health Teams outside prison. The aim was to establish the proportion of prisoners with SMI who were assessed and managed by prison mental health inreach services.MethodA two-phase prevalence survey in six prisons in England measured SMI upon reception into custody. Case-note review established the proportion of those with SMI subsequently assessed and treated by inreach services.ResultsOf 3492 prisoners screened, 23% had SMI. Inreach teams assessed only 25% of these unwell prisoners, and accepted just 13% onto their caseloads.ConclusionsInreach teams identified and managed only a small proportion of prisoners with SMI. Prison-based services need to improve screening procedures and develop effective care pathways to ensure access to appropriate services. Improved identification of mental illness is needed in both the community and the Criminal Justice System to better engage with socially transient individuals who have chaotic lifestyles and complex needs.

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Mayer, Connie. "HIV-infected prisoners: What mental health services are constitutionally mandated?" Journal of Psychiatry & Law 23, no. 4 (December 1995): 517–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539502300403.

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State and federal correctional facilities currently have approximately 23,000 inmates who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These inmates suffer from the same mental health disorders as uninfected inmates but are additionally subject to mental health problems uniquely related to their HIV infection. Many prison systems are struggling to provide minimal mental health care to uninfected inmates. How will prisons address the additional mental health needs of the staggering number of inmates being diagnosed with AIDS and HIV? This article describes the type of mental health services that are constitutionally mandated and discusses whether and how prisons will have to respond to the distinct mental health issues related to HIV infection.

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Hean, Sarah, Atle Ødegård, and Elisabeth Willumsen. "Improving collaboration between professionals supporting mentally ill offenders." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2016-0072.

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Purpose Interprofessional collaboration is necessary when supporting mentally ill offenders but little is understood of these interactions. The purpose of this paper is to explore prison officers’ perceptions of current and desirable levels of interprofessional collaboration (relational coordination (RC)) to understand how collaboration between these systems can be improved. Design/methodology/approach Gittell’s RC scale was administered to prison officers within the Norwegian prison system (n=160) using an adaptation of the instrument in which actual and desired levels of RC are evaluated. This differentiates between prison officers’ expectations of optimum levels of collaboration with other professional groups, dependent on the role function and codependence, vs actual levels of collaboration. Findings Prison officers reported different RC levels across professional groups, the lowest being with specialist mental health staff and prison doctors and highest with nurses, social workers and other prison officers. Significant differences between desired and actual RC levels suggest expertise of primary care staff is insufficient, as prison officers request much greater contact with mental health specialists when dealing with the mentally ill offender. Originality/value The paper contributes to limited literature on collaborative practice between prison and health care professionals. It questions the advisability of enforcing care pathways that promote the lowest level of effective care in the prison system and suggest ways in which mental health specialists might be better integrated into the prison system. It contributes to the continued debate on how mental health services should be integrated into the prison system, suggesting that the current import model used in Norway and other countries, may not be conducive to generating the close professional relationships required between mental health and prison staff.

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Bartlett, Annie, and Sheila Hollins. "Challenges and mental health needs of women in prison." British Journal of Psychiatry 212, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.42.

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SummaryThe world population of women and girls in prison is increasing. Evidence points to high rates of mental health problems. Approaches to these problems vary and include both psychiatric epidemiology and gender-sensitive understanding and intervention. Prison environments and women prisoners' needs are complex and demand gender-aware care in view of women's vulnerability and histories of trauma.Declaration of interestA.B. was a clinical director of the offender care services at Central and North West London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust until August 2016, with responsibility for several women’s prison healthcare services in London and the South East, and is currently clinical director of NHS England London Health in Justice Clinical Network, paid as a salary one day a week.

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McLeod, Katherine E., Amanda Butler, Jesse T. Young, Louise Southalan, Rohan Borschmann, Sunita Sturup-Toft, Anja Dirkzwager, et al. "Global Prison Health Care Governance and Health Equity: A Critical Lack of Evidence." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 3 (March 2020): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305465.

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The large and growing population of people who experience incarceration makes prison health an essential component of public health and a critical setting for reducing health inequities. People who experience incarceration have a high burden of physical and mental health care needs and have poor health outcomes. Addressing these health disparities requires effective governance and accountability for prison health care services, including delivery of quality care in custody and effective integration with community health services. Despite the importance of prison health care governance, little is known about how prison health services are structured and funded or the methods and processes by which they are held accountable. A number of national and subnational jurisdictions have moved prison health care services under their ministry of health, in alignment with recommendations by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. However, there is a critical lack of evidence on current governance models and an urgent need for evaluation and research, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Here we discuss why understanding and implementing effective prison health governance models is a critical component of addressing health inequities at the global level.

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Mignon, Sylvia. "Health issues of incarcerated women in the United States." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 7 (July 2016): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.05302016.

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Abstract Health care within jails and prisons in the United States is typically insufficient to meet the medical and psychological needs of female inmates. Health services are often of low quality, especially in the areas of reproductive medicine. Mental illness, substance abuse, a trauma history, and sexual victimization while incarcerated can predict a more difficult adjustment to a correctional environment. Incarcerated women who are able to maintain contact with family members, especially children, can have a better prison adjustment. Recommendations are made to improve the types and quality of health care delivered to women in jails and prisons in countries around the world.

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Davies, Sharon, and Claire Dimond. "The Mental Capacity Act and mental healthcare in prison: opportunities and challenges." Psychiatrist 36, no. 7 (July 2012): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.111.036988.

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SummaryThe UK Mental Health Act 1983 does not apply in prison. The legal framework for the care and treatment of people with mental illness in prison is provided by the Mental Capacity Act 2005. We raise dilemmas about its use. We highlight how assessing best interests and defining harm involves making challenging judgements. How best interests and harm are interpreted has a potentially significant impact on clinical practice within a prison context.

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Scott, Sandra. "Violence in prison health care wings." British Journal of Forensic Practice 10, no. 3 (November 1, 2008): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636646200800013.

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Pratt, D., L. Appleby, M. Piper, R. Webb, and J. Shaw. "Suicide in recently released prisoners: a case-control study." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991048.

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BackgroundRecently released prisoners are at markedly higher risk of suicide than the general population. The aim of this study was to identify key risk factors for suicide by offenders released from prisons in England and Wales.MethodAll suicides committed by offenders within 12 months of their release from prison in England and Wales, between 2000 and 2002, were identified. One control matched on gender and date of release from prison was recruited for each case. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling identified key independent risk factors for suicide.ResultsOf 256 920 released prisoners, 384 suicides occurred within a year of release. Factors significantly associated with post-release suicide were increasing age over 25 years, released from a local prison, a history of alcohol misuse or self-harm, a psychiatric diagnosis, and requiring Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) follow-up after release from prison. Non-white ethnicity and a history of previous imprisonment were protective factors.ConclusionsThere is a need to improve the continuity of care for people who are released from prison and for community health, offender and social care agencies to coordinate care for these vulnerable individuals.

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Hjalmarsson, Randi, and Matthew J. Lindquist. "The Health Effects of Prison." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 234–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200615.

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This paper studies the health effects of Swedish prison reforms that held sentences constant but increased the share of time inmates had to serve. The increased time served did not harm post-release health and actually reduced mortality risk. We find especially large decreases in mortality for offenders not previously incarcerated, younger offenders, and those more attached to the labor market. Risk of suicide and circulatory death fell for inmates with mental health problems and older inmates, respectively. In-prison health care utilization and program participation increased with time served, suggesting health care treatment and services as the key mechanism for mortality declines. (JEL I12, I18, K42)

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Lynd, Alice. "Physical and Mental Health: From Youth to Age in Ohio Prisons." Care Management Journals 15, no. 1 (March 2014): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.15.1.34.

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Who cares about health care in prisons? You do if you have a son or a granddaughter in prison. Maybe you care anyway if you have had to wait a long time to see a doctor or if you could not have the treatment you needed because it cost too much. Maybe you have run into the attitude, “You ain’t bleedin’, you ain’t needin’.” Maybe you have found it hard to face the future with little or no hope that you could ever be in a better place. Or maybe you, like some older prisoners, have been able to develop new interests, new skills, to review your life and review it, and to redefine what matters.

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Grounds, Adrian. "The future of prison health care." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 11, no. 2 (January 2000): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585180050142507.

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Jancar, J. "The Burdens — pioneers in mental health." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1989): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.10.552.

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Rarely in a lifetime do three people contribute to society in so many ways as the Burdens in Bristol. Here are some of their major achievements.The Reverend Burden and his wifw Katharine opened ‘The Royal Victoria Home’, near Horfield Prison, for the care of inebriate women and girls in moral danger in 1895.

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Nwakasi, Candidus, Darlingtina Esiaka, and Janardan Subedi. "Predictors of Seeking Health Information and Mental Health Support in U.S. Prisons: A Study Using 2014 PIAAC Data." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1082.

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Abstract Being in prison increases the vulnerability to poor health, especially mental illnesses. This is evident in the documented health disparities between prison inmates and the general population. For example, suicide rates among inmates are higher than in the general population. There is an urgent need to understand how inmates experience mental well-being. This is important as some inmates serve long/life sentences and some will need to successfully re-integrate into the society. Although they have a constitutional right to health care access through the Eight Amendment, little is known of the health information and mental health support seeking patterns among inmates. The current study examined factors associated with the amount of health information accessed, and participation in mental health support groups in US prisons. Data (N= 645) from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (2014) were analyzed using linear and logistic regressions. Sample weights were applied in the analyses. Results show statistically significant relationships between amount of health information acquired and age (66 years and above), race, health-status, readiness to learn, literacy skill, and numeracy skill. Social trust moderated the effect of education on the odds of participating in mental health support groups. Also, gender, work duration, attending substance abuse support and life skills groups were significant predictors. Our study may provide insight for stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, clinicians, social workers, and wardens, etc.) working in partnership to deliver a more tailored health interventions for inmates, by highlighting key contextual issues predicting mental health and well-being within prison settings.

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Murphy, Yoko, and Howard Sapers. "Prison Health as Public Health in Ontario Corrections." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 5, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.122.

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The majority of incarcerated individuals in Canada, and especially in Ontario provincial correctional institutions, are released into the community after a short duration in custody. Adult correctional populations have generally poor health, including a heightened prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders. There are legal and ethical obligations to address health care needs of incarcerated individuals, and also public health benefits from ensuring adequate, appropriate, and accessible health services to individuals in custody. The Independent Review of Ontario Corrections recommended the transformation of health care in Ontario provincial corrections in 2017, including transferring health service responsibilities to the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. The Correctional Services and Reintegration Act, 2018, would affirm the provincial government’s obligation to provide patient-centred, equitable health care services for individuals in custody. We encourage the Government of Ontario to proclaim the Act and continue the momentum of recent reform efforts in Ontario.

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Warr, Jerry, and Clifford Hoyle. "Women’s mental health in prison: developing an integrated care pathway." Mental Health Practice 11, no. 2 (October 2007): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2007.10.11.2.24.c4325.

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Enos, Gary. "Judge finds gross inadequacies in Alabama prison mental health care." Mental Health Weekly 27, no. 27 (July 10, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.31110.

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Harris, Mike. "Her Majesty's Government's pleasure: providing appropriate community intervention can improve care and save money." Psychiatrist 34, no. 10 (October 2010): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.032235.

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SummaryIn answer to Louis Appleby's editorial, I am proposing that the role of mental health services in offender healthcare is to improve people's mental health and it is the role of the courts and the government to reduce the prison population. I also argue that with a reinvestment of existing resources into prison mental health we can reduce admission to expensive medium secure and low secure placements, save money and further reinvest in better care.

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Gore, Sheila M. "Suicide in prisons." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 1 (July 1999): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.1.50.

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BackgroundA recent review showed that opioid users' deaths from suicide were 10 times as common as expected on the basis of age and gender. Surveys showing prisoners' high prevalence of injecting or opioid dependence have led to a new statistical approach to prison suicides.AimsTo estimate the expected number of UK prison suicides annually, having taken account of inmates' age, gender and opioid dependence.MethodBy gender, estimate the effective number of individuals (in terms of community-equivalent suicide risk) for whom prisons have a duty of care as 10 times the number of opioid-dependent inmates plus the number of non-opioid user inmates. Apply the gender and age-appropriate national suicide rates to work out the expected number of prison suicides.ResultsThe Scottish Prison Service can expect 7.1 suicides per annum, and annual totals up to 12 without exacerbation of suicides due to incarceration. For the Prison Service in England and Wales, 19.3 suicides per annum can be expected in prisons, and annual totals may range up to 28 without indicating incarceration; the total of self-inflicted deaths was 47 in 1993–94ConclusionsPrisons cannot prevent all suicides. An alert may be warranted if prison suicides exceed 12 per annum in Scotland, or 28 in England and Wales.

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Caputo, Fiorella, Santo Gratteri, Matteo Antonio Sacco, Carmen Scalise, Giulia Cacciatore, Filippo Bonetta, Angelica Zibetti, et al. "Covid-19 emergency in prison: Current management and forensic perspectives." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 4 (May 21, 2020): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817220923693.

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The Covid-19 pandemic is currently a major worldwide public health problem. Contagion within prisons and in other custodial settings will need to be addressed promptly, but the management of preventive measures will be difficult due to overcrowding and inmates and officers' close physical contact. There may also be less access to care than in community settings. Accordingly, prisons are particularly vulnerable to outbreaks of infection, and in addition to the likely greater risks of contagion attention must be paid to the psychological problems that the pandemic can have on the prison population. Riots and episodes of violence have already taken place in various prisons. With the inevitable restrictions on social contact and family meetings, prisoners who already are at increased risk of mental illness and suicide are more susceptible to adverse psychological repercussions. From a forensic point of view, therefore, we stress the need for the development of a strong support network by mental health workers for the prison population.

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Simon, Jonathan. "California’s New Carceral Logic." Boom 6, no. 2 (2016): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.2.22.

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California’s newest prison—the first one commissioned since the 1990s—is also the first in decades not to be called a prison. The California Health Care Facility, Stockton (CHCF), opened in 2013 on the site of the former Karl Holton Youth Correctional Facility. Designed to hold 1,722 beds and now providing housing and treatment for 2,951 “inmate-patients,” it houses the most medically and mentally challenged prisoners in the state. CHCF marks the dawn of a new era in California prisons. Although considered by the State of California a specialized tool that will help it comply with court orders to provide a higher standard of care in both medical and mental health treatment, it also serves as a window into the changing vision of prisoners and of the correctional enterprise in a state that helped lead the move to mass incarceration a generation ago. In this regard, it is interesting to compare this new vision for California prisons with a similarly paradigm-shifting prison—Pelican Bay State Prison and its notorious SHU (for security housing unit) opened in 1989 as California approached the peak of its commitment to mass imprisonment.

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Earthrowl, Mark, John O'Grady, and Luke Birmingham. "Providing treatment to prisoners with mental disorders: development of a policy." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 4 (April 2003): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.4.299.

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BackgroundMental disorder is more prevalent among people in prison than in the general population. Prisoners who require transfer to psychiatric hospitals for treatment face long delays. Doctors working in prisons regularly face ethical and legal dilemmas posed by prisoners with mental illness.AimsTo develop a policy for providing treatment under the common law to prisoners with mental disorders who lack treatment decision-making capacity while arrangements are made to transfer them to hospital.MethodThe policy was developed through literature review and consultation with the Faculty of Law at Southampton University and health care staff at Winchester prison in the UK.ResultsThe policy provides guidelines for establishing decision-making capacity standards for documentation, and guidelines for implementation based on the Mental Health Act Code of Practice, other best-practice guidelines and case law.ConclusionsIt can be argued that case law allows more-extensive treatment to be provided in the best interests of the incompetent prisoner, beyond emergency situations. The policy has ethical implications and its use should be carefully monitored.

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Pelizza, L., D. Maestri, G. Paulillo, and P. Pellegrini. "Mental health treatments in an Italian prison: the Parma integrated approach." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.225.

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Introduction Mental health interventions for Italian (and European) prisoners with mental disorders remain a problematic issue, despite radical changes in general psychiatric care and a 2008 major government reform transferring mental health care in prison to the National Health Service. Indeed, according to the American Psychological Association, 64% of incarcerated individuals report mental health concerns. Objectives The aim of this study is to describe the mental health intervention model implemented since January 2020 for prisoners allocated in the Parma Penitentiary Institutes (PPI). This approach is specifically based on specialized, “person-centered” and “person-tailored” therapeutic-rehabilitation plans in line with psychiatric treatments usually provided in community mental health-care centers of the Parma Department of Mental Health. Methods All the processes and procedures included in the PPI intervention model were first carefully described, paying special attention to the service for newly admitted prisoners and each typology of specialized therapeutic-rehabilitation treatment potentially provided. Additionally, a preliminary descriptive process analysis of the first six months of clinical activity was also performed. Results Since January 2020, 178 individuals entered the PPI service for newly admitted prisoners. In total, 83 (46.7%) of them were engaged in the services of the PPI mental health-care team (35 with pathological addiction and 48 with mental disorders): 56 prisoners were offered an integrated mental health intervention and 27 exclusively an individual psychological or psychiatric treatment. Conclusions The results support the potential applicability of an integrated mental health intervention in prison, planning a person-tailored rehabilitation in close collaboration with the prisoners, their families and the local mental health/social services. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Gojkovic, Dina. "What will the future bring? Prison mental health care in England." Criminal Justice Matters 79, no. 1 (March 2010): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627250903569825.

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Mashta, Oona. "Primary care staff should work with prison teams on mental health." BMJ 332, no. 7544 (March 30, 2006): 748.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7544.748-g.

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Way, Bruce B., Don A. Sawyer, Deborah Kahkejian, Catherine Moffitt, and Stephanie N. Lilly. "State Prison Mental Heath Services Recipients Perception of Care Survey." Psychiatric Quarterly 78, no. 4 (August 24, 2007): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11126-007-9048-9.

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Reed, John. "Mental health care in prisons." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 4 (April 2003): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.4.287.

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Peate, Ian. "Mental health care in prisons." British Journal of Nursing 26, no. 18 (October 12, 2017): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.18.1005.

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Forrester, Andrew, Katrina Chiu, Samantha Dove, and Janet Parrott. "Prison health-care wings: Psychiatry's forgotten frontier?" Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.753.

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Rogan, Mary. "Human rights and correctional health policy: a view from Europe." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2016-0049.

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Purpose Correctional healthcare should promote the protection of human rights. The purpose of this paper is to bring a discussion of human rights into debates on how such policy should be best organized. Design/methodology/approach The paper achieves its aim by providing an analysis of European prison law and policy in the area of prison health, through assessing decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as policies created by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture. Findings The paper describes the position of the European Court of Human Rights on the topics of access to healthcare, ill health and release from prison, mental illness in prison, and the duty to provide rehabilitative programming for those seeking to reduce their level of “risk.” It also argues that human rights law can be a source of practical reform, and that legal frameworks have much to offer healthcare leaders seeking to uphold the dignity of those in their care. Originality/value This paper will provide a rare example of the engagement of human rights law with correctional health policy. It provides practical recommendations arising out of an analysis of European human rights law in the area of prisons.

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Jovanovska, Tanja, Biljana Kocić, Viktorija Proanovska-Stojčevska, Domnika Rajchanovska, Izabela Filov, and Biljana Bogdanova. "HEALTH PROTECTION OF PRISONERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 16, 2016): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.829.

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INTRODUCTION: Prisoners’ health is one of the major challenges of public health systems because of prisoners’ greater care needs due to the poor economic conditions connected to the numerous risks and higher morbidity and mortality related to incarceration. Malnutrition, infectious diseases, overcrowding, strict custodial physical infrastructure, and limited access to basic health services, among other factors, contribute to a worsening of the physical and mental health of prisonersOBJECTIVES: This study aimed to ascertain leading health problems, care needs, and the degree of health protection used in the prison population of the Republic of Macedonia. METHODS: The research is a cross-sectional study of the prison population, composed of 550 prisoners, with 100 situated in Bitola’s prison, 100 in the prison of Prilep, 50 women imprisoned in the women’s section of the correctional institution, Idrizovo, and another 300 prisoners from Idrizovo. RESULTS: The most important reasons for causing illness amount examinees were the conditions in prison (as considered by 73.0% of respondents), drug use (by 50.4% of respondents), stress (by 45.6% of respondents), and improper nutrition (by 43.6% of respondents).CONCLUSION: Findings suggest a poor health status for prisoners due to specific problems and care needs.

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Brinded, Philip M. J., Alexander I. F. Simpson, Tannis M. Laidlaw, Nigel Fairley, and Fiona Malcolm. "Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in New Zealand Prisons: A National Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00885.x.

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Objective: The paper describes the methodologies and results obtained on a large cohort of prison inmates in New Zealand who were screened for psychiatric disorder. Method: All women and remanded male inmates in New Zealand prisons, and a randomly selected cohort of 18% of sentenced male inmates were interviewed. Interviewers used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview –Automated to establish DSM-IV diagnoses, and the Personality Disorders Questionnaire to identify personality disorder. All prisons in New Zealand were visited. Results: The results indicate markedly elevated prevalence rates for major mental disorder in the prison population when compared with community samples. This is especially the case for substance misuse, psychotic disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Of particular concern is not only the increased prevalence rates for schizophrenia and related disorders but also the high level of comorbidity with substance misuse disorders demonstrated by this group. While 80.8% of inmates diagnosed with bipolar disorder were receiving psychiatric treatment in the prison, only 46.4% of depressed inmates and 37% of those suffering from psychosis were receiving treatment. Maori inmates were grossly overrepresented in the remand, female and male sentenced inmate population compared with the general population. Conclusions: A significant increase in provision of mental health services is required to cope with the high number of mentally ill inmates. The level of need demonstrated by this study requires a level of service provision that is quite beyond the capacity of current forensic psychiatry services, Department of Corrections Psychological Services or the prison nursing and medical officers. The elevated rates of common mental disorders argues for the use of improved psychiatric screening instruments, improved assessment and treatment capacities in the prison and an increased number of forensic psychiatric inpatient facilities to care for those psychotic inmates who are too unwell to be treated in the prison.

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Timerzyanov, M. I. "Medical and social health problems of convicted and health care delivery to this category." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 6 (December 15, 2015): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-1043.

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An overview of the literature of domestic and foreign authors concerning the prisoners incarceration conditions and the health status, the most important disease groups and the medical support organization is presented. The prisoners health status significantly differs from the nationwide values, what is related to the maladgusted population stratum concentration, the prison conditions that facilitate some infectious diseases spread, and other factors. These problems are not isolated, as the majority of persons who are in prison, sooner or later return to the community. In the second half of the 1990s in Russia the leading in morbidity structure of convicted were respiratory diseases - 23.5% (respiratory viral infections, chronic non-specific lung disease, pneumonia, etc.); mental disorders - 19.6% (alcoholism, drug addiction), infectious and parasitic diseases - 17.3% (tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections) diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue - 10.9% (scabies, pediculosis). In Russia during the 1990s, the death rate of prisoners increased by 3.2 times (from 323.0 to 1027.3 per 100 thousand of convicts). However, since the late 1990s, there is a steady decline in mortality, which is determined primarily by a decrease in prisoners mortality from tuberculosis. Doctors availability (excluding dentists) for persons who are in prisons in republic of Tatarstan is 45.4 per 10 thousand, nurses availability - 109.1. These values are higher than in the institutions of the Ministry of Health, in terms of doctors - by 3.2%, and nurses - 18.1%. Prisons represent an important public healthcare resources, allowing to identify, treat, and prevent a large group of diseases in complicated target group which is often difficult to get by civilian health services. Existing problems in the prisoners health, poor material and technical resources of medical services are due to inadequate funding of the Department of the correctional system. Lack of legal framework does not allow the administration to take into account features of the most vulnerable categories of prisoners.

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Birmingham, Luke. "Diversion from custody." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 7, no. 3 (May 2001): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.7.3.198.

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Diversion from custody is a policy supporting the removal of people with mental disorders from the criminal justice system to hospital or a suitable community placement where they can receive treatment. There are three principal reasons why such a policy is necessary. First, when those with mental disorders fall through the net of psychiatric services they tend to gravitate towards the criminal justice system; second, the standard of health care provided in prison is, generally speaking, poor; and third, because prison health care centres are not recognised as hospitals for the purposes of the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983, treatment for mental disorder cannot be given against a prisoner's will unless this can be justified under common law.

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Elger, Bernice S. "Insomnia in places of detention: a review of the most recent research findings." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 3 (July 2007): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.191.

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Up to 40% of prisoner patients in a general medicine outpatient service seek medical consultation for sleep problems. This paper provides a brief overview of what is known about insomnia and its treatment from studies on non-detained patients and discusses the relevance of the findings from studies in liberty for prison health care. The clinical and ethical issues of insomnia in prison are described, followed by a summary of the existing studies on insomnia in prison. The results of the reported studies show that insomnia in places of detention should not be reduced to a secondary problem related to substance abuse and mental illness, as it appears to be an independent situational problem. Correctional health care physicians' evaluation of insomnia is insufficient. Drug prescription works well in some patients, but has a limited effect on insomnia relief in others. A clear need exists for the education of prison health care professionals on insomnia evaluation and management. Additional non-pharmacological treatment in the prison health care setting should be used more frequently. Prison health care services should develop clear guidelines based on research evidence about insomnia and which contain treatment recommendations based on the principle of equivalence of health care outside and inside places of detention.

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Maghnina, Zavelia Zuhriati, and Megah Andriany. "Gambaran Penyesuaian Diri Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan pada Sebuah Lapas Wanita di Indonesia." Holistic Nursing and Health Science 3, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.3.2.2020.70-80.

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Introduction: Female inmates who newly admitted into prison has high stress level because she need to adapt with the environmental conditions, individuals, and rules that applicated in prison. In Indonesia there are no research about female inmates adjusment. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of female inmates adjustment in a female prison in Indonesia based the domains in the PAQ questionnaire and comparing the situation with outside of the prison.Methods: This was a quantitative research with descriptive survey and cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used n this research was total sampling with 46 respondents with criteria newly admitted into prison for 1-3 months. The sample criteria are able to write and read and willing to participate in the study. The data were collected using PAQ questionnaire. Results: The results of this study show that dominant domain that worse in prisons compare with outside prisons was comfort and sleep problems. The most dominant problem that female inmates needs is sports, privacy, and sleep. The majority of female inmates have good friends while in prison, never feel prison as home, and all female inmate understand the rules in prison. Conclusion: Nurses should provide nursing care to improve female inmates’ self-adjustment in order to prevent mental health problems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Prison mental health care'

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