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Journal articles on the topic 'Prison psychology'
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1
Ax, Robert K., and Robert D. Morgan. "Internship Training Opportunities in Correctional Psychology." Criminal Justice and Behavior 29, no. 3 (June 2002): 332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854802029003005.
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Seventy-nine training directors of internship programs based in prisons, jails, and selected forensic settings received surveys concerning several aspects of their programs. Fifty-three responded for a return rate of 67%. Whereas these programs are seen to exist on a continuum with few sharp lines of distinction between them, there are enough differences to warrant applying the term correctional psychology internship specifically to those programs offering training experiences primarily in general population prison/jail settings. Different training emphases and staffing patterns were among factors distinguishing corrections-based internships from their more traditionally forensic counterparts. Both forensic and prison programs offer a wide variety of training experiences and continue to enjoy administrative support.
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Mangaoang, Áine. "“A reward rather than a right”: Facilitators’ perspectives on the place of music in Norwegian prison exceptionalism." Musicae Scientiae 25, no. 3 (September 2021): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10298649211014235.
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Scholarship on prison music-making projects and programmes to date has largely overlooked the perspectives of prison music facilitators, who form an integral part of many prison music activities. The aim of the study, which was exploratory in nature, was to contribute to a better understanding overall of the relationship between music and imprisonment by focusing on the perspectives of prison music practitioners. Drawing from data collected in four Norwegian prisons through ethnographic research, data was analysed thematically with four key themes emerging: interpersonal communication and emotional connection; social responsibility; prison system and environment, and (in)difference and exclusion. The findings highlight the fact that the range of prison music activities offered in many Norwegian prisons affects music facilitators deeply in a number of ways, and support existing studies that find that prison music practices can contribute to creating a community of caring individuals both inside and outside prisons. Notably, the emergence of the (in)difference and exclusion theme demonstrates a more critical and nuanced view of prison music facilitators’ experiences as going beyond simplistic, romantic notions of music’s function in social transformation. Concerns raised for those who appear to be excluded or differentiated from music-making opportunities in prison – in particular foreign nationals and women – suggest that (even) in the Norwegian context, music in prisons remains a “reward” rather than a fundamental “right.” This study marks a step towards a richer and more critical understanding of prison musicking and aims to inform future research, practice, and the processes involved in the possibilities for offering music in prisons.
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Maitra, Dev Rup. "‘If You’re Down With a Gang Inside, You Can Lead a Nice Life’: Prison Gangs in the Age of Austerity." Youth Justice 20, no. 1-2 (February 20, 2020): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225420907974.
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In many countries, there has been growing academic attention towards the activities of street and prison gang members. However, while much of the American literature explores the experiences of prison gang members, such investigation has been notably absent in the English context. This article seeks to address this deficit in the literature. Through gathering data from interviews with active prison gang members, it shows how reduced staffing levels in English prisons has led to an increasingly ‘ungovernable’ prison space. This, in turn, has led to an increase in levels of gang membership. Most notably, the high numbers of street gangs ‘imported’ into prisons has had the unintended effect of creating several ‘in prison’ gangs, which form for the first time in prison, with their members seeking protecting from more established gangs. This proliferation of gangs has had a significant impact on rates of in-prison violence, and how prisons are managed.
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Abdellaoui, S., and M. Lourel. "Towards a prison psychology?" European Review of Applied Psychology 66, no. 4 (July 2016): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2016.04.005.
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Osberg, Timothy M. "Teaching Psychology in a Prison." Teaching of Psychology 13, no. 1 (February 1986): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1301_4.
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Stoliker, Bryce E. "Attempted Suicide: A Multilevel Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Prison Context." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 5 (February 9, 2018): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818754609.
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Correctional institutions in the United States witness higher rates of suicide compared with the general population, as well as a higher number of attempted suicides compared with completed cases. Prison research focused little attention on investigating the combined effects of inmate characteristics and prison context on suicide, with studies using only one level of analysis (prison or prisoner) and neglecting the nested nature of inmates in prisons. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to investigate individual- and prison-contextual predictive patterns of attempted suicide using a nationally representative sample of 18,185 inmates in 326 prisons across the United States. Results revealed that several individual-level factors predicted odds for attempted suicide, such as inmate characteristics/demographics, prison experiences, having a serious mental illness, and symptoms of mental health issues. Some prison-contextual variables, as well as cross-level interaction effects, also significantly predicted odds for attempted suicide. Policy and research implications are discussed.
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Bradley, Alexandria, and Bill Davies. "Devastation and innovation: examining prison education during a national pandemic." Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2020-0051.
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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the impact that Covid-19 has had on the quality of education in prisons. This study considers the restrictive approaches taken by Her Majesty’s Prison Service during this challenging time, to argue that prisoner education is not being adequately prioritised. This study highlight issues relating to the digital divide in prisons and the lack of technological advancement, which could improve educational continuity and in-cell learning. Design/methodology/approach This study provides an examination of the broad impact the national pandemic has had on prisons and punishment, Covid-19 National Frameworks and policies relating to prison restrictions, the movements within prisoner education policy, scholarship and reflections from delivering Learning Together in HMP Full Sutton, to argue that prisoners are at the bottom of the educational hierarchy in terms of delivery, innovation and prioritisation of learner needs. However, this study proposes that some of the technologically enhanced learning is a potential solution, to transform educational equity and to reduce the digital divide. Findings This study highlights that education in prisons has taken a sudden and substantial deterioration. Findings suggest that there are few signs of this improving in the immediate future due to ongoing national restrictions. The Covid-19 prison restrictions further demonstrate the neglect of prisoners' educational needs. In addition, the national pandemic has highlighted the lack of use of technology within educational delivery in prisoners. However, findings suggest that through engaging digital learning platforms and the greater inclusions of technology in prisons, they can enhance educational opportunities and inclusive experiences for isolated learners. Research limitations/implications This is a study piece with support from a review of policy and scholarship. This is not based on data collected with serving prisoners during the national pandemic. Originality/value This study provides an overview of the current restrictions and lockdowns in prison associated with the national pandemic. Contemporary consideration to this underexplored area is essential to highlight the severe deprivations of prisoners and the fundamental impact this has had on educational delivery and much anticipated progression. Nuanced approaches to increase the use of technology within prison education are considered, in light of the challenges the pandemic has spotlighted.
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Hacin, Rok, and Gorazd Meško. "Prisoners’ Perception of Legitimacy of the Prison Staff: A Qualitative Study in Slovene Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 13 (February 24, 2018): 4332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18758896.
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The purpose of this article is to explore prisoners’ perception of legitimacy of prison staff and examine the compliance of prisoners with the authority of prison staff to highlight the differences between instrumental and normative compliance of prisoners. This study draws on data collected from a random sample of 193 prisoners in all Slovene prisons. Using a qualitative approach based on structured interviews, our findings suggest that distributive justice, procedural justice, the quality of relations with prison staff, and the effectiveness of prison staff influence prisoners’ perception of legitimacy in a prison environment. Several prisoners comply with prison rules because they fear sanctions, which indicates their instrumental compliance, while normative compliance was reported by prisoners who perceived the legitimacy of prison staff in a more positive manner. Overall findings indicate that both instrumental and normative compliance of prisoners can be observed in Slovene prisons.
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Jewkes, Yvonne, Melanie Jordan, Serena Wright, and Gillian Bendelow. "Designing ‘Healthy’ Prisons for Women: Incorporating Trauma-Informed Care and Practice (TICP) into Prison Planning and Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203818.
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There has been growing acknowledgment among scholars, prison staff and policy-makers that gender-informed thinking should feed into penal policy but must be implemented holistically if gains are to be made in reducing trauma, saving lives, ensuring emotional wellbeing and promoting desistance from crime. This means that not only healthcare services and psychology programmes must be sensitive to individuals’ trauma histories but that the architecture and design of prisons should also be sympathetic, facilitating and encouraging trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive practices within. This article problematises the Trauma-Informed Care and Practice (TICP) initiatives recently rolled out across the female prison estate, arguing that attempts to introduce trauma-sensitive services in establishments that are replete with hostile architecture, overt security paraphernalia, and dilapidated fixtures and fittings is futile. Using examples from healthcare and custodial settings, the article puts forward suggestions for prison commissioners, planners and architects which we believe will have novel implications for prison planning and penal practice in the UK and beyond.
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DeLisi, Matt. "Prison O Glorious Prison." Journal of Criminal Justice 41, no. 6 (November 2013): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.001.
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Von Hofer, Hanns. "Långsiktiga prognoser av platsbehovet på fängelser." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 97, no. 2 (August 15, 2010): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v97i2.137439.
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The article discusses whether it is possible to make reliable predictions of prison populations five to ten years in advance. This period corresponds approximately to the planning period that the Swedish Prison and Probation Service considers necessary for building new prisons. After a brief description of forecasting and its various methods, three quantitative forecasting methods are discussed: trend projection, extrapolation from causal models, and statistical modelling. Swedish and international prison population data (comprising years 1961 ta 2010) are used as illustrations. It is concluded that accurate long-term forecasts are unlikely, since prison population data tend to show strong random walk patterns.
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Hughes, Suzanne, Timothy James Trimble, and Anne O’Rourke. "The experiences of young offenders (aged 18–21) on protection in an Irish prison: using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)." Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-04-2020-0015.
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Purpose Young offenders are disproportionately represented in the Irish Prison Service (IPS) and are a population with complex needs and highest risk of re-offending. Subsets of young offenders in IPS are placed on Protection for their own and/or other’s safety. There is limited research regarding the experiences of young offenders, and there is none on the subjective experiences of young offenders on Protection that could be identified. This study aims to address a limitation of a previous study on the experiences of young offenders in an Irish prison (Hughes et al., 2017) by providing insight into experiences of young offenders on Protection in Mountjoy Prison. Design/methodology/approach Using a non-experimental, qualitative, semi-structured interview design, a purposive sampling method was used, and six young offenders participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim with potentially identifiable information removed to ensure anonymity. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to interpret the data. Findings Two superordinate themes provided an overview of the young offender’s experiences of Protection in an Irish prison: ‘Social Order on Protection’ and ‘Adjustment on Protection’. Research limitations/implications Even though it is a relatively small sample size, this study contributes to existing literature and considers sentence management and clinical implications. Originality/value This study helps to address a gap in literature by providing insight into the overall experiences of young male offenders (aged 18–21) on Protection in an Irish prison. The findings are in line with most researches, which highlight additional negative consequences of “restrictive prisons regimes” such as Protection. This study provides information to prisons for the development of best practice guidelines and better sentence management and delivery of services to young offenders on Protection.
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Suchkova, E. L. "Activity areas on the correction of the psychology content of the convict’s group sense of justice." Psychology and Law 9, no. 1 (2019): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2019090110.
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In the article the issues of correction of the psychology content of the convict’s group sense of justice are considered in the context of activities to improve the measures of psychological and pedagogical influence on persons in prison. Based on the analysis of the materials of the research conducted by the author it is concluded that in the process of serving the sentence in the group legal consciousness of convicts, legal ideas about the injustice of the formal legal system are constructed. Under these conditions a significant role in the regulation of behavior begins to belong to the norms of behavior adopted in the prison community, which contributes to the criminalization and “prisonisation” of the consciousness of convicts. It justifies the need to carry out activities to minimize the asocial influence of the prison subculture both on persons in prison and on the staff of the penal system. The conclusion is made about the need for a differentiated approach to the conduct of psycho-correctional work on changing the legal representations of convicts. For those who are in prisons for the first time programs on group work and legal education are offered. Convicted persons who have been convicted several times mainly with those who have become disillusioned with their way of life and intend to change it, taking advantage of the law-abiding behavior, individual correctional work is recommended.
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Ratkalkar, Mina, and Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk. "Can I Ask for Help? The Relationship Among Incarcerated Males’ Sexual Orientation, Sexual Abuse History, and Perceptions of Rape in Prison." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 14, 2017): 4117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517714440.
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In 2003, Congress passed the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA). Although subsequent research to PREA has shed light on the prevalence and incidence of sexual violence in American prisons, few studies examine inmates’ perceptions of rape and safety from rape in prison. Even less is known about how inmates’ perceptions of rape influence mental health treatment–seeking behavior during incarceration. Using a sample of incarcerated men, this study adds to the limited body of research by examining the perceived fear of rape and mental health treatment–seeking behavior in two vulnerable prison populations—gay and bisexual inmates and inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Compared with straight inmates, gay and bisexual inmates were approximately two times more likely to perceive that rape was a threat and three times more likely to voluntarily request mental health treatment in prison. Inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse were over twice as likely to perceive the threat of rape and nearly four times more likely to request mental health treatment than inmates who did not report a history of childhood sexual abuse. Policy, practice implications, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Briggs, Daniel, and Jorge Ramiro Pérez Suárez. "Reconsidering the role of drugs in Spanish prisons: a preliminary ethnographic reflection." Drugs and Alcohol Today 14, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-02-2014-0009.
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Purpose – The authors thought of the idea for this exploratory paper for Drugs and Alcohol Today after visiting a local prison on the outskirts of Madrid from which these field notes are taken. The authors have also had informal conversations with the contacts working in the Spanish Prison service. When the authors looked at some of the literature around the relationships between drugs and prisons in Spain, the authors found lots of statistics, and material which either said there were lots of drugs in prison or literature which presented over-medicalised processes of drug treatment. In short, the authors found few studies which could bring to life the kind of problems drugs bring to the prison and how the dynamics of the prison are not only directly impacted by drug use but also as drug dealing/trafficking. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – What the authors offer is only really to draw your attention to the issue. The authors have no real methodology to reflect on other than one of us is an experienced participant observer and the other is a lawyer and criminologist who has worked with numerous clients processed for drug offences in and around prisons in Madrid. Between us, we have undertaken six visits to Madrileñas prisons. Findings – In this explorative paper the authors want to do three things. First, draw attention to the extent of problem of drugs in prison in Spain. Second, the authors want to suggest that the role drugs needs reconsideration as it plays a pivotal role in the functioning of the prison. Lastly, the authors push for more research into this issue which goes beyond conventional surveys and unnecessary complex regression analyses and instead takes a qualitative approach using observational data and informal conversations to explore these dynamics in more detail. Originality/value – First, that there is an urgent need to go beyond these official statistics and explore in some nuanced detail about the prison experience in Spain. The existing research is limiting in that it talks tiresomely about the numbers incarcerated and fails to admit the significance of drugs not only as a motivating factor for incarceration but also the role drugs play in the prison environment. The authors need to consider as much the changing demography of Spanish prisons – for example more immigrants, different drugs, etc. – as the everyday experience of drugs, debt, disagreements and violence and how they intersect as a lived experience rather than consider them as separate issues of analysis, dormant from the interconnectedness of the micro-interactions of the prison environment and the respective institutional power structures. The key to this debate, and the general messages of this paper, is to realize a study which can explore the nuances of the role and function of drugs play in Spanish prisons.
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Clements, Carl B. "Psychology, attitude shifts, and prison growth." American Psychologist 54, no. 9 (1999): 785–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.54.9.785.
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Clements, Carl B. "On Her Majesty's Prison Psychology Service." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 7 (July 1989): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030938.
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Gooch, Kate, and James Treadwell. "Prisoner Society in an Era of Psychoactive Substances, Organized Crime, New Drug Markets and Austerity." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa019.
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Abstract Framed by the limited and now dated ethnographic research on the prison drug economy, this article offers new theoretical and empirical insights into how drugs challenge the social order in prisons in England and Wales. It draws on significant original and rigorous ethnographic research to argue that the ‘era of hard drugs’ has been superseded by an ‘era of new psychoactive drugs’, redefining social relations, transforming the prison illicit economy, producing new forms of prison victimization and generating far greater economic power and status for suppliers. These changes represent the complex interplay and compounding effects of broader shifts in political economy, technological advances, organized crime, prison governance and the declining legitimacy and moral performance of English and Welsh prisons.
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Mullen, Rod, Naya Arbiter, Claudia Rosenthal Plepler, and Douglas James Bond. "In-prison therapeutic communities in California." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 3/4 (November 28, 2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-06-2019-0007.
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Purpose Over nearly six decades in prison, therapeutic communities (TCs) have waxed and waned in California. While there have been dramatic and demonstrable sucess with some of the most intractable populations in California prisons, the TC model has met substantial challenges, both bureaucratic and political. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This is a six-decade review of in-prison TCs in California based both on the research literature and from personal experience over 30 years providing both in-prison and community based TCs in California. Findings Despite well-documented success reducing the recidivism of violent offenders in California prisons (which is now the bulk of the population), the government has ignored the success of well implemented in-prison TCs, and has implemented a CBT model which has recently been documented to have been ineffective in reducing recidivism. The State is now at a crossroads. Research limitations/implications Documented research findings of success do not necessarily result in the implementation of the model. Practical implications There is evidence that violent felons are amenable to treatment. Social implications Public concern over the return of violent felons from prison can be ameliorated by the evidence of the effectiveness of TC treatment in prison. Originality/value There is no other publication which captures the narrative of the TC in California prisons over six decades.
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Bennett, Jamie. "Governing a therapeutic community prison in an age of managerialism." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 39, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-06-2017-0020.
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Purpose Recent ethnographic research has examined the forces that shape the working lives of prison managers, in particular, the growth of managerialism, pushing in from the outside and the deeply rooted local cultures that exist within. The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the interplay of these forces in the context of a therapeutic community (TC) prison. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon ethnographic research conducted in two prisons and expands this using an autoethnographic approach to examine the experience of governing a TC prison. Findings The original study described how the dynamic interaction of globalised change and local culture created gave rise to “prison managerialism”. This notion reflects the negotiation between the global managerialism and local occupational culture. This concept is equally relevant in a TC prison, albeit it exists in an altered form reflecting the distinct characteristics of the local culture. Research limitations/implications The approach builds upon an ethnographic study, expanding this through autoethnography. This inevitably limits the scope and perspective as it is looking at a specific context. It nevertheless highlights the distinctive challenges of managing a TC prison. Practical implications The work has implications for the management of TC prisons in practice, including human resource management such as recruitment, selection, appraisal and development of those managers. Originality/value The paper applies and revisits a recent in-depth study of prison managers, re-imagining and revising this to reflect the distinct context of managing a TC prison.
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Sánchez, Francisco Caravaca, Noelle Fearn, and Michael G. Vaughn. "Risk Factors Associated With Near-Lethal Suicide Attempts During Incarceration Among Men in the Spanish Prison System." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 6 (January 27, 2017): 1452–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16689833.
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Studies conducted worldwide indicate that near-lethal suicide attempts are common among incarcerated populations. However, little research attention has been focused on the Spanish prison population. To address this gap in the literature, data were drawn from a sample of men ( N = 2,270) incarcerated in seven prisons in Spain. We compared sociodemographic, criminal/offense, health and mental health, and life events in prison variables between inmates who reported making near-lethal suicide attempts ( n = 616) and those who did not ( n = 1,654) during their current incarceration term. A series of binary and multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that a variety of variables were associated ( p values < .001) with near-lethal suicide attempts, including prior-to-prison employment status, family members in prison, recidivist in prison, childhood trauma, work status in prison, and disciplinary infractions. Our study findings are discussed in light of developing more effective strategies and prevention interventions to reduce attempted suicide in the Spanish Prison System.
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Ansah, Edward W., Jennifer Addae, John E. Hagan, and Michael A. Baidoo. "Assessing Stress Levels, Predictors and Management Strategies of Inmates at Ankaful Prison Complex in the Central Region, Ghana." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13030201.
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Background: Stress among prison inmates is a neglected psychological health issue, but this phenomenon seems worse in Ghana’s prisons. This study examined the stress levels, predictors and management strategies utilized among inmates at Ankaful Prison Complex. Method: This survey sampled 1160 inmates using the census approach at the Ankaful Prison Complex with a self-developed questionnaire for the data collection. Frequency counts, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data. Results: The findings indicate that more than half of the inmates were moderately or highly stressed. Specifically, inmates at the Maximum Security Prison were the most stressed, followed by Annex Prison, Communicable Disease Prison, and the least, Main Camp Prison inmates. Inmate engagement in exercises, sporting activities, visit and chat with colleagues, and family connectedness outside the prison were stress-management strategies. Inmates’ self-reported stress levels were influenced by the prison of custody and state of depression. Conclusion: The moderate to high stress levels identified among inmates of Ankaful Prison Complex are influenced by person–environment factors. Management of the Ankaful Prison Complex is encouraged to initiate health screening services for inmates on common mental health challenges such as stress and to promote functional stress reduction interventions to improve prisoners’ mental health and overall well-being.
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French, Sheila A., and Paul Gendreau. "Reducing Prison Misconducts." Criminal Justice and Behavior 33, no. 2 (April 2006): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854805284406.
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A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of correctional treatment for reducing institutional misconducts. Sixty-eight studies generated 104 effect sizes involving 21,467 offenders. Behavioral treatment programs produced the strongest effects ( r = .26, CI = .18to .34). The numbers of criminogenic needs targeted and program therapeutic integrity were found to be important moderators of effect size. Prison programs producing the greatest reductions in misconduct were also associated with larger reductions in recidivism. The magnitudes of various indices of treatment effect size with respect to misconducts were remarkably similar to results in the correctional treatment literature where community recidivism is the criterion. Recommendations are made that will assist prison authorities to manage prisons in a safe and humane manner.
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Clark, Valerie A., and Grant Duwe. "Distance Matters." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 2 (September 24, 2016): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816667416.
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One of the untested assumptions within the prison visitation literature is that inmates receive fewer visits when visitors must travel long distances to prisons. Measuring distance by comparing the addresses of the prisons where offenders were confined with the residential addresses of those who visited them, we tested this hypothesis by estimating the effects of distance on the number of times Minnesota prisoners were visited. We estimated the effects of distance by performing multilevel repeated measure analyses, measuring the frequency of visitation across the different facilities at which inmates were housed, the different neighborhoods from which they received visits, and between-inmate differences in visitation frequency. Besides distance, we also estimated the effects of social disorganization on the frequency of visitation. Finding that distance does indeed decrease the frequency of prison visitation, as does concentrated disadvantage in neighborhoods, we discuss the implications of this research for prison administrative policies.
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Bierie, David M., and Ruth E. Mann. "The history and future of prison psychology." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 23, no. 4 (November 2017): 478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/law0000143.
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Ryan, Cathal, and Michael Bergin. "Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Prisons: A Review of Extant Empirical Literature." Criminal Justice and Behavior 49, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211053367.
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Significant in the management of a safe and secure custodial environment is the compliance of incarcerated persons with the prison rules and the directives of prison officers. In recent years, there has been increased research focus on the role of normative compliance in the prison environment, which is postulated to derive from the perceptions of legitimacy and procedural justice of those who are incarcerated. This article presents the findings of a scoping review of the empirical literature as it relates to procedural justice and legitimacy in prison settings. This literature is charted and then analyzed across two primary themes, namely “Shaping Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy” and “Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Compliance.” The presence of normative compliance in prisons and the contribution of procedurally just treatment to perceptions of legitimacy held by persons who are incarcerated are discussed.
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Brodsky, Stanley L. "Prison Redux." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 6 (June 1995): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003722.
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Bueno, Samira, and Graham Denyer Willis. "The Exceptional Prison." Public Culture 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 645–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7532775.
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Between 2013 and 2016, police in one Brazilian city killed 3,287 people—66.5 percent of whom were black. It might not seem surprising, then, that this place is also one of the only in the world that has a prison just for police. But this prison is exceptional, a “model” place, as those who run it say. It isn’t “dungeon-like” or a “warehouse of black lives,” as scholars describe prisons in this country and elsewhere. Among an apiary, a tilapia pond, and groves of citrus trees, few police are here because they killed on the job. Using ethnography from in and outside this prison, we examine narratives of socialization, redemption, and mundane and exceptional killing to illustrate what operates beneath the public veneer of the punishment of police. This lays bare key assumptions about the function of policing and the possibility of reform amid capitalism, in a vital moment of global political rupture. To speak of impunity for police violence, or of iterative gains in reform, is to dramatically misunderstand the work of policing.
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Cresswell, Mark, Zulfia Karimova, and James Ward. "Women, Self-Harm, and the Moral Code of the Prison." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 20, no. 1 (July 2018): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.20.1.27.
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Discriminatory attitudes directed at women who nonfatally self-harm have been documented in psychiatric wards and medical settings, especially in Accident and Emergency departments. Such attitudes constitute a “moral code,” which surrounds the act of self-harm and subjects it to negative comparison to accidents, physical illness, and completed suicide. What is less clear, however, are the characteristics of that moral code which governs self-harm in prisons, despite the fact that high rates of self-harm in women’s prisons are well known. Reporting the findings of a research project in one English prison, this article identifies the characteristics of that “moral code” and the way it affects the experiences of women in prison.
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Pratt, D., L. Appleby, M. Piper, R. Webb, and J. Shaw. "Suicide in recently released prisoners: a case-control study." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991048.
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BackgroundRecently released prisoners are at markedly higher risk of suicide than the general population. The aim of this study was to identify key risk factors for suicide by offenders released from prisons in England and Wales.MethodAll suicides committed by offenders within 12 months of their release from prison in England and Wales, between 2000 and 2002, were identified. One control matched on gender and date of release from prison was recruited for each case. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling identified key independent risk factors for suicide.ResultsOf 256 920 released prisoners, 384 suicides occurred within a year of release. Factors significantly associated with post-release suicide were increasing age over 25 years, released from a local prison, a history of alcohol misuse or self-harm, a psychiatric diagnosis, and requiring Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) follow-up after release from prison. Non-white ethnicity and a history of previous imprisonment were protective factors.ConclusionsThere is a need to improve the continuity of care for people who are released from prison and for community health, offender and social care agencies to coordinate care for these vulnerable individuals.
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Rose, John, Gerard Hutchinson, Paul Willner, and Tony Bastick. "The prevalence of mental health difficulties in a sample of prisoners in Trinidadian prisons referred for anger management." Journal of Forensic Practice 20, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-03-2018-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms in a sample of prisoners in Trinidadian prisons who volunteered to attend anger management groups. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted using the 90-item Symptom Check-List revised (SCL-90-R) which was administered to prisoners in groups within the prison system. In total 132 prisoners (about 9 per cent of the prison population) completed the measure. The effect sizes of prisoners’ similarities to a psychiatric inpatient group and their differences from a non-patient group were used to identify symptoms most indicative of pathology in these prisoners. Findings The results on the SCL-90-R indicate that this group of prisoners (77.3 per cent male) had scores of psychiatric symptomatology that were much closer to a psychiatric inpatient population rather than to a general community population. Practical implications These results suggest there may be unmet psychiatric need among the population served by the prison services in Trinidad. It is not known how this sample differs from the general prison population. However, the unmet psychiatric need in this specific population suggests that a greater mental health focus in health services within prisons is to be considered to meet these needs. Originality/value These data suggest that there are significant mental health issues for some prisoners in Trinidad and possibly more generally in similar prison systems within the Caribbean and this may have significant implications for the treatment of prisoners and the delivery of mental health services in these prisons.
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Liebling, Alison, Berit Johnsen, Bethany E. Schmidt, Tore Rokkan, Kristel Beyens, Miranda Boone, Mieke Kox, and An-Sofie Vanhouche. "Where Two ‘Exceptional’ Prison Cultures Meet: Negotiating Order in a Transnational Prison." British Journal of Criminology 61, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa047.
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Abstract Can a prison in the Netherlands, that is neither ‘Dutch’ nor ‘Norwegian’, be ‘legitimate?’ What are the moral challenges? Our study of the controversial Norgerhaven project—a Norwegian prison located in the Netherlands—found that this ‘experiment’ generated one of the most reflexive, ‘deliberative’ prisons we have encountered. Officials involved in the decision assumed that the two jurisdictions were alike in their values. Few were prepared for the differences that arose. This hybrid prison made punishment, the use of authority, and the meanings of fairness, professionalism and discipline unusually explicit as staff negotiated their practices, creating a shift from ‘practical’ to ‘discursive’ consciousness and exposing many of the complexities of liberal penal power.
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Campbell, Christopher M., Ryan M. Labrecque, Roger L. Schaefer, Molly Harvis, Karma Rose Zavita, Leah Reddy, and Kayla Labranche. "Do Perceptions of Legitimacy and Fairness Matter in Prison? Examining How Procedural and Distributive Justice Relate to Misconduct." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 12 (May 17, 2020): 1630–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820916901.
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Recent scholarship suggests disciplinary protocols and incarcerated individuals’ perceptions of procedural justice toward correctional officers may be important in influencing one’s behavior and prison order. This study provides an examination of procedural and distributive justice in prison. We surveyed a stratified random sample of 144 respondents incarcerated in Maine state prisons about their perceptions toward the disciplinary process and corrections officers to assess the relationship between such views and patterns of institutional misconduct. Findings provide partial support for the procedural justice perspective in prison. Normative perceptions (e.g., legitimacy) are positively associated with voluntary deference measures while instrumental perceptions of officer effectiveness in controlling behavior are positively associated with respondent perceived risk. These results supply insight into theory development related to voluntary deference. Similarly, these findings can inform which relationships between officers and respondents may hold the potential to promote rule compliance and prison order.
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McNamara, John R., and Scott A. Fields. "Perceived Abuse and Disability in a Sample of Ohio's Women's Correctional Population." Psychological Reports 91, no. 3 (December 2002): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.849.
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The Abuse Disability Questionnaire was administered to 435 female inmates at a state prison in Ohio. Analysis indicated that 69% of the women reported some type of past physical, sexual, or psychological abuse, which is consistent with other reports for state prisons. Both the amount of abuse reported as well as the extent of associated psychological impairment was less in comparison to scores for women in domestic violence shelters. While all women in the prison were screened, those who met criteria for psychiatric diagnoses had significantly higher Abuse Disability Questionnaire scores than those who were not so diagnosed by a mental health professional. As in prior studies with the questionnaire, a significant relation between reported exposure to prior abuse and perceived impairment was found.
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JURIK, NANCY C., and RUSSELL WINN. "Describing Correctional-Security Dropouts and Rejects." Criminal Justice and Behavior 14, no. 1 (March 1987): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854887014001002.
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High turnover among correctional workers is a chronic problem in today's prisons. Despite the concern surrounding this issue, there is little empirical research that deals with the instability of prison staffs. This article attempts to identify the major predictors of correctional officer turnover in one minimum-medium security prison in the western United States. Multivariate discriminant analyses suggest that three factors are of primary importance in distinguishing continuing from terminating officers—race, opportunities to influence institutional policy decisions, and most important, satisfaction with perceived working conditions. The findings suggest that the development of individual personality profiles may lead correctional administrators to overlook the role of prison organizational environments in contributing to security staff turnover.
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Mertens, Anouk, and Freya Vander Laenen. "Pains of Imprisonment Beyond Prison Walls: Qualitative Research With Females Labelled as Not Criminally Responsible." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 13-14 (September 15, 2019): 1343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19875579.
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Research on the importation and deprivation models has focused almost exclusively on male inmates, and these models have not yet been studied in any setting other than prison. This research explores the importation and deprivation experiences of females labelled as not criminally responsible (FNCR). During the first part of the study, all the participants interviewed were in prison ( n = 51). Follow-up interviews were carried out 18 months later, and while some participants were still in prison, others had been moved to (forensic or general) care. At that point, the study transcended the prison walls and extended its theoretical framework to forensic and general care facilities. In conclusion, the importation and deprivation framework, and the pains defined by Crewe, can be applied to FNCR in different types of setting. Most women were strongly affected by deprivations in prisons and in forensic care. Participants in forensic care sometimes felt more deprived than those in prison facilities.
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Zhang, Ao. "Chinese Practice of Foucault’s ‘Disciplinary Power’ and its Effects on the Rehabilitation of Female Prisoners in China." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 662–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz068.
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Abstract The prison system of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been viewed by some scholars as effective in achieving the primary target of Chinese imprisonment: rehabilitation. This article aims to redress this argument. Drawing on interviews undertaken with 30 female parolees/ex-prisoners and 10 prison officers, this article argues that the Jifen Kaohe System in prison, which is strongly imprinted with Foucault’s theory of ‘disciplinary power’, is ineffective and is unable to make accurate judgements on the achievement of prisoners’ rehabilitation at selected women’s prisons. This article suggests that Foucault’s disciplinary power is theoretically problematic in producing a ‘new person’, not the least of its unawareness of contextualized culture, values and situations, and women’s agency in prison.
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Pugh, David N. "Studies of Validity for the Prison Control Scale." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3 (June 1998): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.739.
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Locus of control seems to be important in the adjustment of prisoners both during incarceration and upon release. The Prison Control Scale is one of two measures of locus of control specific to prisons. This paper is an account of validity studies conducted on the scale. Assessments included four tests of construct validity and one each of concurrent and known-groups validity. The results support the validity of the scale. Suggestions for further scale assessment and other research are briefly discussed.
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Reidy, Thomas J., Jon R. Sorensen, and Heidi Stone Bonner. "Prison Homicide: An Extension of Violent Criminal Careers?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (August 4, 2017): 5676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721895.
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This study investigated prison homicide perpetrators through the lens of the career criminal perspective. Prison homicide, while a rare event, has critical implications for the prison environment. Despite its importance as a form of institutional violence that must be addressed, only four studies in the past five decades have explored the characteristics of homicide perpetrators/victims, the motives, and circumstances of the crime. The goal of the current study was to develop a better understanding of prison homicide by examining 54 perpetrators who committed 37 inmate homicides over 40 years in a mid-Western state prison system. Results showed that prison homicides typically involved a younger male inmate perpetrator, acting independently, murdering an older inmate, in his cell, by stabbing or beating the victim during an altercation. Perpetrators, in comparison with victims and prisoners in general, had a record indicating more prior community homicides, elevated institutional risk scores, and higher rates of serious and assaultive prison misconduct, all indicative of prior community and prison maladjustment. Consistent with career criminal research, prison homicide perpetrators constitute a small but distinct subset of habitually deviant criminals that perpetrate high rates of criminal and violent behavior regardless of context.
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Catalano, Grazia, Jonathan Mason, Claire Elise Brolan, Siobhan Loughnan, and David Harley. "Diagnosing cognitive impairment in prisoners – a literature review." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 11, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-01-2020-0002.
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Purpose This literature review identifies instruments for diagnostic assessment of cognitive impairment in prison populations. The purpose of this paper is to promote procedures for early screening and identification of cognitive impairment using instruments appropriate to prisons. Design/methodology/approach A targeted literature review identified studies on screening and diagnostic assessment of adults in jails, prisons, police watch-houses (custody suites), rehabilitation facilities and forensic settings or community settings for offenders. Discriminant validity, suitability, reliability and feasibility of instruments in correctional and forensic settings are presented. Findings From 135 peer-reviewed articles relating to diagnostic assessment of cognitive impairment, 15 instruments were considered appropriate for use in prison settings. Research limitations/implications Selection of instruments for prison use considers suitability of the instrument(s) and clinical workforce capability. Cultural and gender validity of the instrument, its feasibility for use in the prison environment and cost and time to administer are also important. Using appropriate tools as part of a staged and targeted process in the screening and diagnosis of cognitive impairment is demonstrated by two case vignettes presented in this paper. As this was a desk review, the authors did not evaluate the instruments. Originality/value Identification of instruments that are suitable for diagnosis of cognitive impairment in forensic populations informs the rehabilitation of offenders with cognitive impairment in prison and upon release to probation and parole.
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Suhari, Yuni Darmawati, and Rizka Yunita. "Relationship between Family Support and Welfare Psychology of Prisoners During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) 1, no. 2 (May 5, 2023): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/htechj.v1i2.39.
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The high death rate due to Covid-19 does not only cause physical symptoms and illnesses but also has a major impact on well-being which includes mental health, including inmates at Class IIB Lumajang Penitentiary. The increasing number of inmates every year makes prison capacity overload. Low family support can lead to a person's psychological condition while serving a prison period, such as sadness, loneliness, and so on. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between family support and the psychological well-being of inmates during the Covid 19 pandemic at Class IIB Lumajang Prison. The method used is correlation with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all 529 inmates at Class IIB Lumajang prison in 2021 and the sample size was 228 respondents, using the simple random sampling technique. Retrieval of data using a questionnaire sheet family support and psychological well-being. The data obtained were then coded, scored, tabulated, and analyzed using the Spearman rank test. The results showed that most of the 120 respondents (52.6%) had good family support, and the psychological well-being of the majority of 135 respondents (59.2%) was in the sufficient category. The results of calculations with the Spearman rank test obtained p=0.000. Because p<0.05, there is a relationship between family support and the psychological well-being of prisoners during the Covid-19 pandemic at Class IIB Lumajang Prison in 2021. From the results of this study, it is hoped that respondents will be able to seek support from peers and prison staff to improve their psychological well-being and it is hoped that Class II B Lumajang prison officers will maximize their role to interact more deeply with prisoners.
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Chui, Wing Hong, and Kevin Kwok-yin Cheng. "Self-Perceived Role and Function of Christian Prison Chaplains and Buddhist Volunteers in Hong Kong Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11432128.
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Although there have been a handful of studies examining the work of chaplains and prison volunteers in a Western setting, few have endeavored to conduct research into the experiences of religious workers in Asian penitentiaries. To fill this gap, this article reports on exploratory research examining the work of a selected group of religious workers in Hong Kong prisons. A total of 17 religious workers were interviewed: 10 prison chaplains and 7 Buddhist volunteers who paid regular prison visits. Qualitative findings generated from in-depth interviews present three themes: the range of religious activities performed, the importance of religion for the rehabilitation of inmates, and the hope of continued religious support to prisoners after discharge. The significance of this research is that it sheds light on the understudied work of prison chaplains and volunteers in Hong Kong and portrays the difference between the works of the Christian ministry and Buddhist volunteers.
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Hearty, Philippa, Emma Wincup, and Nat M. J. Wright. "The potential of prisons to support drug recovery." Drugs and Alcohol Today 16, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-08-2015-0041.
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Purpose – Recovery is the predominant discourse within current UK drug policy, promoted as freedom from dependence. In support of such a policy driver, prison drug recovery wings have been piloted in ten prisons in England and Wales to address high drug prevalence rates in prisoner populations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of these specialist wings within the context of wider developments to tackle reoffending among drug-using prisoners. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of the paper offers an analysis of the emergence of the recovery paradigm in the prison context through analysis of official policy documents. The second draws predominantly upon two process evaluations of the drug recovery wings, alongside literature on prison drug treatment. Findings – There is limited empirical evidence to inform the debate about whether prisons can provide settings to facilitate recovery from the effects of illicit drug use. What is available suggests that effective therapeutic environments for recovering drug users could be established within prisons. Key components for these appear to be sufficient numbers of staff who are competent and confident in providing a dual role of support and discipline, and a common purpose of all prisoners committing to recovery from illicit drugs and supporting each other. Further research regarding the impact of drug recovery wings upon health, crime and wider social outcomes is needed. Originality/value – This paper provides an updated perspective on the development of drug treatment in prisons, with a particular focus on the implications of the new recovery paradigm.
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Ystanes, Vilde, and Thomas Ugelvik. "‘They Tell Me I’m Dangerous’: Incarcerated Mothers, Scandinavian Prisons and the Ambidextrous Penal–Welfare State." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 892–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz082.
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Abstract Ambidextrous states can grasp citizens with both the welfare/support-oriented left hand and the punishment/control-oriented right hand. When people go to prison in such contexts, they may simultaneously face punishment and welfare interventions. Based on interviews with six women serving prison sentences in Norway for violence against their own children, this article discusses certain aspects of the prison experience in welfare-state prisons. Their criminal sentences, and the associated stigma and feelings of shame, weighed heavily on these women, but they eventually felt the state’s welfare-oriented left hand was tighter and more punitive than the right hand. This article describes their experiences and strategies in coping with the challenges they faced as prisoners in an ambidextrous state.
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Spreat, Scott. "Persons with intellectual disability in prison." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-03-2020-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence with which individuals with intellectual disability are housed in jails and prisons. Design/methodology/approach This was a literature review of individuals with intellectual disability who are in prison. Findings Persons with intellectual disability are imprisoned approximately seven times more frequently than would be expected by their prevalence in the general population. Research limitations/implications Factors likely to contribute to this overrepresentation are reviewed, including need for supports and acquiescence of people with intellectual disability. Practical implications People who have intellectual disability do not receive needed supports and services in prison. Social implications Supports are needed to end this overreliance on prisons to support people who have intellectual disability. Originality/value The paper highlights the magnitude by which imprisonment exceeds the level that would be expected from population prevalence alone. It highlights the problems associated with insufficient funding and supports.
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Toman, Elisa L., Joshua C. Cochran, and John K. Cochran. "Jailhouse Blues? The Adverse Effects of Pretrial Detention for Prison Social Order." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 3 (January 10, 2018): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817753018.
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Scholarship suggests that individuals’ experiences in pretrial detention are especially straining. Relative to state prisons, local jails have high rates of inmate and officer turnover, more limited resources, and provide fewer services. Pretrial detention also constitutes an individual’s initial period of incarceration, during which social isolation and fear are experienced acutely but with fewer services in jail. This study assesses whether time spent in pretrial detention adversely affects prison social order. Findings suggest that longer terms of pretrial detention in jails are associated with a modest increase in the likelihood of misconduct later on during a stay in prison. Interaction effects indicate that more time spent in jail prior to imprisonment may be harmful for potentially at-risk inmates—specifically, younger inmates, female inmates, and inmates with mental illness. These results have implications for theory and research on prison experiences and social order and for understanding the adverse implications of pretrial detention and strains incurred in jail.
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Kubiak, Sheryl Pimlott, Hannah Brenner, Deborah Bybee, Rebecca Campbell, and Gina Fedock. "Reporting Sexual Victimization During Incarceration: Using Ecological Theory as a Framework to Inform and Guide Future Research." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637078.
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The U.S. Department of Justice estimates that between 149,200 and 209,400 incidents of sexual victimization occur annually in prisons and jails. However, very few individuals experiencing sexual victimization during incarceration report these incidents to correctional authorities. Federal-level policy recommendations derived from the Prison Rape Elimination Act suggest mechanisms for improving reporting as well as standards for the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of prison-based sexual victimization. Despite these policy recommendations, sexual assault persists in prisons and jails, with only 8% of prisoners who experience sexual assault reporting their victimization. This review focuses on gaps in the existing research about what factors influence whether adult victims in incarcerated systems will report that they have been sexually assaulted. Using ecological theory to guide this review, various levels of social ecology are incorporated, illuminating a variety of factors influencing the reporting of sexual victimization during incarceration. These factors include the role of individual-level behavior, assault characteristics, the unique aspects and processes of the prison system, and the social stigma that surrounds individuals involved in the criminal/legal system. This review concludes with recommendations for future research, policy, and practice, informed by an ecological conceptualization of reporting.
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Sarkissian, Natasha, Catherine Bryan, and Sarah Withers. "The development and evaluation of a prison clinical psychology service." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 303 (March 2018): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2018.1.303.31.
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Graeve, Christine M., Matt DeLisi, and Andy Hochstetler. "Prison Rioters: Exploring Infraction Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Correlates, and Criminal Careers." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.407-419.
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Investigation of individual inmates' characteristics are almost entirely absent from research of prison riots. The current study sought to fill this void using official infraction records and prison dossiers of 831 male inmates selected from the southwestern USA. Logistic regression models indicated that inmates who were cited for criminal infractions, such as theft, possession of weapons or drugs, threatening staff, and social risk factors were significantly more likely to engage in prison rioting. In fact, the model which contained criminal career, demographic information, infraction, and other social risk factors explained 40% of the variation in prison rioting. Suggestions for research on prison riots that included inmates' criminal history and characteristics of infraction are offered.
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Kingston, Paul, Nick Le Mesurier, Graeme Yorston, Sue Wardle, and Lucy Heath. "Psychiatric morbidity in older prisoners: unrecognized and undertreated." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 8 (April 14, 2011): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211000378.
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ABSTRACTBackground: The aging population in prison is growing rapidly in the United Kingdom. This trend is also found in other countries worldwide. As this population increases prison authorities will need to adjust the custody process to accommodate increasing mental and physical frailty.Methods: This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and physical disorders, including dementia, in prisoners aged 50 years and over from four prisons in and around Staffordshire to see whether detection and treatment rates have improved over the past decade during which there has been a dramatic increase in the number of older prisoners. Subjects were assessed using the Geriatric Mental State Examination, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Short Form 12 and their prison records.Results: Sixty prisoners (50%) had a diagnosable mental disorder, with depression being most common, and 15 (12%) prisoners had signs of cognitive impairment. Only 18% of those with a psychiatric diagnosis were prescribed medication from the appropriate class. Physical problems were also common in this population with an average self-report of 2.26 problems per prisoner.Conclusions: Mental disorders in older prisoners are common, but despite recent training initiatives they often go undetected and untreated. Prisoners themselves accurately self-report mental disorder, but the best way of detecting dementia in the prison population remains unclear. The psychological and physical health of this prison population was poorer than that of their community-based peers.