Academic literature on the topic 'Prisoner reformers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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NJOROGE, PAULINE. "THE EFFECTS OF PRISON REFORMS ON REFORMATION OF INMATES IN NYANDARUA COUNTY,KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8652.
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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on effects of prison reforms on reformation of inmates in Nyandarua County prisons, Kenya. This study has been necessitated by the need to make the penal system fair and effective. As has been revealed by this study, despite undertaking prison reforms, the attempt to improve the harsh prison conditions has created other problems that negate the reformation and rehabilitation of offenders.
The study sought to investigate the effects of prison reforms on reformation of inmates in prisons with a focus on examining the existing prison reforms that have been undertaken in prisons since 2001, the effects of prison reforms on the reformation of prisoners, how Prison reforms have negated the reformation of prisoners, and mechanisms that were in place in prisons to control the negative effects of prison reforms.
Major research findings obtained revealed that, though reforms have been implemented, a good portion of the reforms remained un-implemented. This may be explained by the fact that the prison authorities themselves did not put in place deliberate measures to rehabilitate inmates. Besides, there were gaps in the marketability of the skills that the prisoners acquired while in prison.
The study noted the upsurge of prison crimes such as substances and drug abuse, rape and sodomy, and prisoner violence/assaults against other prisoners. The study recommends promotion of prison staff because they are the first line of defense in terms of government reformation efforts. Their stronger good will counts in any prisons reformation agenda.
The study recommends constant review of prison education and training programmes to conform them to current job market skills for smooth re-integration of prisoners back into the society.
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O’Neill, Deirdre, Valarie Sands, and Graeme Hodge. "P3s and Social Infrastructure: Three Decades of Prison Reform in Victoria, Australia." Public Works Management & Policy 25, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19899103.
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Once regarded as core public sector business, Australia’s prisons were reformed during the 1990s and Australia now has the highest proportion of prisoners in privately managed prisons in the world. How could this have happened? This article presents a case study of the State of Victoria and explains how public–private partnerships (P3s) were used to create a mixed public–private prison system. Despite the difficulty of determining clear and rigorous evaluation results, we argue that lessons from the Victorian experience are possible. First, neither the extreme fears of policy critics nor the grandiose policy and technical promises of reformers were fully met. Second, short-term success was achieved in political and policy terms by the delivery of badly needed new prisons. Third, the exact degree to which the state has achieved cheaper, better, and more accountable prison services remains contested. As a consequence, there is a need to continue experimentation but with greater transparency.
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Rubin, Ashley T. "Early US Prison History Beyond Rothman: RevisitingThe Discovery of the Asylum." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042808.
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David J. Rothman's The Discovery of the Asylum, one of the first major works to critically interrogate the beginning of America's extensive reliance on institutionalization, effectively launched the contemporary field of prison history. Rothman traced the first modern prisons’ (1820s–1850s) roots to the post-Revolution social turmoil and reformers’ desire for perfectly ordered spaces. In the nearly 50 years since his pioneering work, several generations of historians, inspired by Rothman, have amassed a wealth of information about the early prisons, much of it correcting inaccuracies and blind spots in his account. This review examines the knowledge about the rise of the prison, focusing on this post-Rothman work. In particular, this review discusses this newer work organized into three categories: the claim that prisons were an invention of Jacksonian America, reformers’ other motivations for creating and supporting prisons, and the frequently gendered and racialized experiences of prisoners. The review closes by reflecting on the importance of prison history in the contemporary context and suggesting areas for future research.
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Jacobi, John V. "Prison Health, Public Health: Obligations and Opportunities." American Journal of Law & Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2005): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880503100403.
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We don't care enough about prisoners’ welfare. We should care deeply because, as two prominent commentators on the history of prisons have said, “Prisoners are ourselves writ large or small. And, as such, they should not be subjected to suffering exceeding fair expiation for the crimes for which they have been convicted.” Well over two million persons are imprisoned in America today. We imprison a higher percentage of our population than any other country. Those we imprison are disproportionately poor, of color, uneducated, and sick. They have chronic conditions, mental illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases. They usually receive inadequate health care—and sometimes shockingly poor care.6 It has always been so. Prison reformers have argued for decent prison care based on humanitarian principles since the founding of the Republic, and, notwithstanding some notable achievements, have failed to achieve decent conditions. In the last fifty years, reformers shifted to individual rights arguments based on prisoners’ constitutional rights.
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Hébert, William. "Trans Rights as Risks: On the Ambivalent Implementation of Canada’s Groundbreaking Trans Prison Reform." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 35, no. 2 (August 2020): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2020.11.
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AbstractThis paper analyses policy documents and interviews conducted in federal prisons to trace the emergence and early effects of Canada’s recent wave of groundbreaking trans correctional reforms. I show that prison authorities were forced to adopt more inclusive policies due to the legal, financial, and reputational risks generated by new trans rights protections. Yet, by examining what rights both enabled and foreclosed once they materialized in the everyday of prison life, I argue that reform’s implementation was fraught with ambivalence. Namely, this ambivalence was felt by the correctional administrators tasked with translating nebulous policy principles into concrete guidelines; by staff, whose front-line duty involved weighing rights against risks; and by trans prisoners, who grappled with how to balance their new entitlements with risks and uncertainties. What trans correctional reforms reveal, then, is that rights and risks are caught in an ambivalent and co-constitutive relationship in Canada’s regime of prison governance.
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Bermingham, Vera. "National Vocations Qualifications (NVQs) in Prisons: A Reflection of Effort and Achievement or the Perpetuation of Existing Patterns of Discrimination?" International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 1, no. 4 (September 1996): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919600100404.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which gender or racial stereotypes are used to categorise or stigmatise inmates in the allocation of work, training and education in prisons. In setting out the impact of recent legislative reforms, the article begins by outlining the effects of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 and the changes resulting from the introduction of National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) to the prison regime. The requirement, for the purposes of Sentence Planning, of documentary evidence of an inmate's education and training profile will be seen to have far reaching effects at all stages through a prisoner's sentence; and beyond, for the many prisoners who will be subject to a period of compulsory supervision after release. Yet, it will also be shown that the system operates to allow highly discriminatory decisions to be taken without proper accountability. The effectiveness and implementation of the Prison Department's equal opportunities policy will be considered. The article will conclude by recommending further research that specifically focuses on the allocation of opportunities for education and training for prisoners.
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Stevens, Alisa. "Access denied: Research on sex in prison and the subjugation of ‘deviant knowledge’." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895819839740.
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Despite the fundamental necessity of gaining gatekeeper approval for prisons fieldwork, researchers rarely publicly acknowledge and analyse their failures to secure access. Drawing upon the Foucauldian-inspired literatures on the production and policing of new criminological knowledge, this article presents as a case study the Sex in Prison research project, instigated by the Howard League for Penal Reform, and for which permission to interview serving prisoners was refused. This denial of access, it is argued, resulted from a politically motivated attempt to prevent the acquisition of knowledge perceived as likely to be unfavourable to and critical of prison authorities, emanating from ‘deviant’ informants, using ‘deviant’ methods and obtained on behalf of ‘deviant’ penal reformers. The troubling implications for prisons researchers are explored. The article concludes by highlighting the potential of formerly imprisoned people, as participants in research, to circumvent the limits to knowledge imposed by prison authorities.
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Alpern, Ljudmila. "Mediation as a source of social development." Temida 9, no. 1 (2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0601021a.
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In this paper, the author deals with prison as an archaic social institution, which reflects an archaic conception of human being, his needs and duty, but exists in a modern society. Russian prisons are institutions of a male initiations as well as a Russian army. They give a special sort of male socialization, very archaic and military, patriarchal and hierarchal; produce a special kind of society divided on unmixed social groups, casts, and is very violent. Taking into account how many people go through prison in Russia (rotation near 300 people per year, every 4th man got in contact with prison and every 3rd with army) and a fact that prison and society are communicating vessels, our prisons, our prisoners and former prisoners are a good reserve of our social underdevelopment, social cruelty, our disability to promote social reforms, to take care about vulnerable group of our population (children, old people and female), because they are not a part of male prison and a military hierarchy. An attempt to modernize prison life, prison condition by different way and especially mediation as a way to make them softer and human is an attempt of social development.
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Curtice, Martin, and John Sandford. "Article 3 of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the treatment of prisoners." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 2 (March 2010): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.006320.
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SummaryThe humane treatment of prisoners has long been considered a mark of a civilised society. Early prison reformers such as Elizabeth Fry and John Howard campaigned vigorously for the improvement of conditions for inmates and for institutions to be focused as much on reform and rehabilitation as on punishment. This progressive improvement in conditions for those imprisoned has been further advanced by the European Convention on Human Rights and its incorporation into UK law. The Human Rights Act 1998 is playing an ever-increasing role in determining the standards of treatment of those detained by the state. Article 3 of the Act – freedom from torture and inhuman and degrading treatment – is of particular importance for those detained in prisons, hospitals and other institutions. As Article 3 case law has evolved, so its interpretation has broadened to include a thorough scrutiny of prison conditions, prison healthcare and the treatment of prisoners in general.
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Varner, Deena. "Quasi." Cultural Politics 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-7537515.
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Beginning in the late 1960s a series of reforms saw the emergence of vast numbers of bureaucratic instruments meant to standardize the care, custody, and control of inmates. Grievance and disciplinary procedures were largely homogenized to ensure inmates’ protection from the abuses that were prevalent especially in the southern plantation model of incarceration. These same procedures, however, resulted in the increasing removal of prisoners from the sphere of legal, judicial, and, more broadly, public discourse and oversight. This article analyzes how the failure to prosecute crimes committed inside the prison functions to diminish the legal and political standing of both criminal and victim. In handling crime as an extrajudicial matter, adjudicated exclusively by disciplinary boards, the prisoner-criminal and prisoner-victim are positioned as quasi-legal subjects, bearing neither the rights nor responsibilities of citizenship. The prison, therefore, is a model institution for downsizing citizenship, and its disciplinary procedures are an ideal model for the neoliberalization of public institutions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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Lawston, Jodie M. "Legitimation struggles : credibility claims in the radical women's prison movement /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3241817.
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Arangurí, Martín. "As prisões da reforma I: a reforma penitenciária em questão." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2921.
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This study aims to deconstruct prison in historical and political terms. For that purpose, it avails itself of concepts that mark its thresholds, limits and tipping points. The dissertation s major underlying question is: How does an institution so criticized, reviled and slandered such as prison is able to endure for so long, thrive more and more, and show so much resilience? Prison s ability to pick itself up and continually expand even after being denounced and accused of major and minor failures is something that brings about a measure of reverence for the deed and a bit of uncertainty about the phenomenon. That is enough to provoke a lot of interest and a significant number of suspicions. The utmost care was taken to think outside the box herein. With regard to prison, that means challenging reform. Thus, this paper cannot have any commitment to the State s pressing needs. But -- how so? Well, from what has been scribbled on prisons so far, few are those records that can brag about not being reform manuals or a political institution s moralizing guide. Such writings even have a course of action very similar to the works that drive away readers because of the tedium they emanate: 1) they comply with a timeline; 2) they go back to ancient times when everything was, in the nitwits opinion, more barbaric, raw and stupid; and 3) they reach our days, a moment of relief for the evil which was left behind mixed with a disappointment for what could have been performed a lot better. So, they go on to analyze the minutia of every single failure in the several manifestations of the phenomenon in question; they begin the swarm of advices to governments and authorities, who someday may acquire enough judgment to direct individuals without excesses or wastes, in the full force of the law. Evolution, investigation, recommendation. Beginning, middle and ending of the works on prison reform. That is when this paper, spurred by the verification of these discourses common matrix, decides to frighten away its own yawning by jumping up and down, demarcating topics and subjects in the examination s progression-regression-perdition, while it averts the boring, flat time so that it is able to go ahead, come back and lose itself when necessary. Throughout its trajectory, it sought to dig an abyss between that science which provides a doctoral assistance to govern, control and master better and that knowledge which only announces its own design by sliding among doubts and queries under an avalanche of problems upon problems
Este estudo visa desconstruir a prisão em termos histórico-políticos. Para tal, lança mão de conceitos que marcam seus limiares, limites e pontos de inflexão. A grande pergunta nas entrelinhas da dissertação é: De que maneira uma instituição tão criticada, vilipendiada e difamada como a prisão consegue durar tanto, prosperar cada vez mais e demonstrar tamanha resiliência? Essa capacidade da prisão de se reerguer e expandir continuamente mesmo após ter sido denunciada e acusada de fracassos pequenos e grandes é algo que suscita certa medida de reverência pela proeza e um bocado de incerteza acerca do fenômeno. Só isso já é o bastante para despertar não pouco interesse e uma série expressiva de suspeitas. Nesta dissertação, tomou-se o maior cuidado para poder pensar fora da bitola. No tocante à prisão, isso quer dizer contestar a reforma. Destarte, este trabalho não pode possuir compromisso nenhum com as premências do Estado. Mas - como assim? Ora, do que se escrevinhou sobre as prisões até agora, são parcos os registros que podem se gabar de não serem manuais de reforma nem guias de moralização de uma instituição política. Tais escritos possuem até mesmo uma maneira de proceder muito parecida com a das obras que afastam o leitor pelo tédio que emanam: 1) obedecem a uma linha do tempo; 2) remontam aos idos da Antigüidade, em que tudo era, na opinião dos mais mentecaptos, mais bárbaro, cru e burro; e 3) chegam até os dias atuais, um momento de alívio pelo mal deixado para trás misturado com a decepção pelo que poderia ter sido muito mais bem executado. Então, passam a esmiuçar toda e qualquer falha nas diversas manifestações do fenômeno em questão; iniciam o enxame de conselhos a governos e autoridades, que talvez um dia adquiram o juízo necessário para dirigirem os indivíduos sem excessos nem desperdícios, tudo no rigor da lei. Evolução, apuração, recomendação. Princípio, meio e fim das obras sobre a reforma das prisões. Eis que este trabalho, aguilhoado pela constatação da matriz comum desses discursos, resolve espantar o próprio bocejar aos saltos, delimitando temas e tópicos na progressão-regressão-perdição do exame, ao passo que conjura o tempo chato e achatado para assim poder ir, voltar e se extraviar quando necessário. Ao longo de toda a sua trajetória, procurou cavar um abismo entre a ciência que fornece assessoria doutoral para governar, controlar e amestrar melhor e o conhecimento que somente anuncia o próprio desígnio deslizando entre dúvidas e interrogações, sob uma avalanche de problemas sobre problemas
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Obioha, EE. "Challenges and Reforms in the Nigerian Prisons System." Journal of Social Science, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000712.
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The main aim of establishing the prison institution in all parts of the world including Nigeria is to provide a
rehabilitation and correctional facility for those who have violated the rules and regulations of their society. However, the
extent to which this maxim is true in practice has been a subject of controversy. A casual observation of the population that goes
in and out of the prisons in Nigeria presupposes that there are some problems in the system, hence the prisons system has not
been able to live up to its expected role in Nigeria. Against this background, this paper makes an argument on why reform is
necessary in the Nigerian prisons. Some of these reasons include reforming the prisoners to be better than what they were before
they were imprisoned, rehabilitate the prisoners in order to equip them with new skills or improve on their old ones, and seclude
criminals from the rest of the society, pending when they have atoned for their “sins”. The structural-functionalist approach of
the system theory for the study of human society and culture as proposed by Radcliff-Brown of the British School of social
anthropology and later developed by Meyer Fortes and Max Gluckman is utilized in explaining prison environment. Main
sources of information for this study are secondary materials which include, journals and official bulletin of the government.
Among other issues, this discourse articulates various reforms that have already taken place and are still on-going in the
Nigerian prison system. These include efforts in the decongestion process, provision of necessary infrastructure facilities and
other logistics including transportation services and general skills acquisition programmes. This article also makes a critical
impact appraisal of the reform processes in the system. From the appraisal, the author believes that there are more gains than
pains in the system since the gradual reform processes therein. In order to deal finally with prison congestion, this paper
suggests that the decongestion committee needs to be strengthened in its work by changing their periodic visit to the prisons to
be more regular and frequent, more prison yards need to be built, more non-governmental organizations should be encouraged
and allowed to visit the prisons to monitor the activities there, from which they can make an input in form of suggestions to the
various reform committees on what to do.
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Berte, Ibrahima. "La réforme pénitentiaire au Mali : l'enjeu de la légitimation d'une institution exogène dans une société traditionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD002.
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A la fin du XIXème siècle, sauf à l’intérieur de quelques garnisons et forts de traite européens de la côte, les prisons étaient méconnues en Afrique. Aujourd’hui, 50 ans après les indépendances, les Etats africains utilisent encore massivement le système pénitentiaire légué par les colonisateurs. Comme le rappellent toujours les prisons surpeuplées, le système carcéral s’étend désormais sur l’ensemble des sociétés au sud du Sahara. Aujourd’hui encore ce réseau architectural colonial n’a point été détruit ni remplacé. Il fournit d’ailleurs la majeure partie des bâtiments utilisés par le régime pénal des Etats contemporains. D’autre part, les arsenaux juridiques utilisés s’inspirent de ceux du système colonial et la prison fait partie d’un ensemble plus vaste d’institutions héritées de la colonisation qui sont toujours fonctionnelles dans ce contexte où la tradition est toujours présente. C’est au regard du surpeuplement des prisons au Mali, des conditions inhumaines d’incarcération et de détention et des textes dépassés et inadaptés qui les régissent que nous avons voulu réfléchir à une possible réforme dont les autorités ont toujours parlé, mais qui n’est jamais faite. Il s’agit, dans les présentes recherches, d’examiner l’histoire sociale, culturelle et politique des arsenaux répressifs apparus au Mali depuis l’esclavage au XIXème siècle jusqu’aux prisons actuelles. Il s’agit d’une tentative de compréhension des aspects intellectuels et philosophiques de la prison et l’enfermement dans la tradition des ethnies et des terroirs du Mali, ce qui nous permettra de réfléchir sur la pratique des institutions coloniales de répression dans la vie quotidienne des populations et d’analyser l’actualité des prisons au quotidien pour voir s’il est possible d’avoir des prisons humanisées reposant sur des concepts de justice traditionnelle d’une part, et d’autre part, sur des normes internationalement reconnues en la matière. Cette recherche vise surtout à comprendre les supports sociologiques d’une réforme des prisons au Mali et à répondre à des questions de légitimité qui cherchent à savoir sur quoi doit reposer la réforme : sur la tradition ou sur la modernité ou sur les deux ? En outre, elle sert à se faire une idée sur la faisabilité d’une réforme et à édifier sur l’utilité sociale de la prison dans une société qui ne l’a pas toujours connu et dont la pauvreté incite à imaginer des solutions novatrices et simples qui visent à donner un mieux vivre aux populations, à toutes les populations aussi bien à l’extérieur qu’à l’intérieur des centres de détention. L’objectif visé est de contribuer à un projet global de bonne gestion de la société malienne, car les programmes de développement initiés dans nos pays africains, mettent en marge le développement de la vie en prison. Pourtant, en prison, vivent aussi des hommes qui doivent être pris en compte par les Etats dans les programmes, les projets de réforme. C’est là, notre ambition de contribuer aux initiatives pouvant aider à développer le pays, à donner aux populations partout où elles se trouvent, le sens de la vie, la considération, enfin à permettre de cerner la place de la prison dans le vaste chantier de la réforme de l’État. Il s’agit donc de réfléchir au lien entre réforme de l’Etat et réforme de la prison, d’autant plus que la réforme pénitentiaire est transversale et ne peut atteindre la légitimité souhaitée sans toucher à beaucoup d’autres secteurs de la société comme la sécurité, la santé, la pauvreté, l’emploi etcAt the end of the twentieth century, prisons were unknown in Africa except in a few garrison towns and European forts involved in slave trade. Today, fifty years after they achieve their independence, African countries are massively applying the prison system left by the former colonizers. Overpopulated prisons are good indicators that the penitentiary system extends to the whole of the societies in the Southern part of Sahara. Today still, this colonial architectural network has not been demolished or replaced as shown by the majority of the buildings still in place in contemporary States. Legal arsenals have also been inspired by those of the colonial system; the prison is part of a larger grid of institutions inherited from the colonization, which are still functional in an environment where tradition remains vibrant.In view of the overcrowded prisons, inhuman conditions of detention and incarceration, and inadequate and outdated legal texts, we aim at reflecting on a possible reform, which authorities have always desired to institute but never did. We seek to examine the political, cultural and social history of the repressive arsenals that have been in use in Mali since the period of slavery in the 20th century to the present prisons. Our objective is to understand the intellectual and philosophical aspects of the prison -and imprisonment- in the ethnic and regional tradition of Mali; such research will allow us to consider the influence of the colonial repressive institutions in the everyday life of the population, and to analyze the daily agenda of the prisons so as to evaluate the possibility of making prisons more human on the basis of traditional justice concepts and internationally recognized norms. Such research aims at understanding the sociological basis for a prison reform in Mali and answer those who question the legitimacy of such a reform: shall it be based on tradition or modernity or both? Moreover, this research will help to determine whether such reform would be feasible, and to enlighten on the social utility of prisons in a society that has not always known them and whose poverty incites to envision new and simple solutions, which aim at giving a better life to the population, both inside and outside detention centers. Our ultimate objective is to contribute to a global project for a good management of Malian society while we observe that the development programs that have been initiated in African countries put improvement of life in prison at the margin. Yet, human beings also live in prison and therefore, States must take them into account in their programs and reform projects. This is precisely our motivation, which is to contribute to initiatives that may impact on the development of this country, and give to the population the sense of life and consideration as well as an understanding of the place of the prisons in the vast area of State reforms. This means that we need to reflect on the link between State reform and prison reform, even more as the prison reform is a transversal issue, which cannot be legitimate if it does not consider many other sectors in society including security, health, poverty, employment, etc
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Dondici, Danilo. "Italy's prison system and the reforms of 1889-1891 : a road to modernity?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/63981/.
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The present work explores the Italian penal system from a historical perspective. It focuses in particular on the period at the turn of the twentieth century. It is an attempt to understand punishment in penal institutions for adult male offenders following the reforms of 1889-1891. This is analysed within the broader social and political context of Umbertinian Italy and the beginnings of the Giolittian era. Unlike the legal-centred approach of most work done so far, the present study devotes special attention to the human element. Thus it makes extensive use of archival sources and brings to light fresh evidence of the experiences of thousands of people from both sides of the bars. Seeking a bottom-up view of the penal regime it explores the living conditions and health of inmates, and their reactions to discipline. Similarly, it carefully examines the lives and professional careers of the warders, who responded in their own ways to the reforms, and can provide an original interpretation of the liberal penal project. By integrating the well-established scholarship of Italian legal history with the vicissitudes of those who went through the penal regime, the present work casts new light on the history of punishment. In particular, it argues that despite the modernity of the new legislation, government and prison reformers could not relinquish their social and political prejudices. Their anxieties about the masses, together with the shortcomings of the state apparatus, led to the reshaping of a highly punitive system with no purpose or meaning outside the retribution-and-deterrence rationale. In order to understand such a system and the claim of its power to promote ‘moral reform’, the evidence of inmates and prison guards have proven to be illuminating and of fundamental importance. Ultimately, the analysis clarifies an important aspect of the process of modernisation of Liberal Italy.
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Aresti, Andreas. "Doing time after time a hermeneutic phenomenological understanding of reformed ex-prisoners experiences of self-change and identity negotiation." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540250.
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Despite the many barriers ex-prisoners face when attempting to 'go straight' many successfully lead law abiding lives. Yet how this is achieved in light of the widespread stigma attached to this cohort has received little empirical attention. Specifically, an area that neglects consideration is the reformed ex-prisoner's experience of self-change and in particular, how they negotiate their stigmatised ex-offender status. To address these issues, this thesis utilises a hermeneutic phenomenological analytic framework. Three empirical investigations were conducted utilising a small sample of reformed exprisoners. In studies I & 2, a sample of ten male reformed ex-prisoners (five in each study) took part in semi-structured interviews. Data were subjected to an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IP A). In study 3, data was collected by means of a dialogical interview consisting of two male reformed ex-prisoners. Here IPA was used in an innovative way as a means of analysing the data. The initial study illustrated that the ex-offender status (ex-offender self) appears to be a binary phenomenon, which has a contradictory influence on the ex-prisoner's sense of self. The second study develops these findings by illuminating the complex tensions underlying this contradiction. The third study utilises a conceptual lens to refine and distil the previous findings, by identifying the experiential structures underlying the contradictory nature of the ex-offender self. Three key patterns were identified which are equally responsible for generating the conflict, namely morality, masculinity and stigma. A synthesis of all three studies, discussing the most salient patterns with reference to relevant theoretical and empirical literature is provided. This thesis concludes by making suggestions for future research and discusses the implications of this empirical work for policy and practice
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Farges, Eric. "Dynamique professionnelle et transformations de l’action publique : Reformer l’organisation des soins dans les prisons françaises : les tentatives de spécialisation de la « médecine pénitentiaire » (1970-1994)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20043/document.
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L’article 2 de la loi n°94-43 du 18 janvier 1994, transférant l’organisation des soins en milieu carcéral du ministère de la Justice au service public hospitalier, a souvent été présenté comme une réforme de santé publique s’imposant au vu de l’état des prisons françaises. L’épidémie de sida et le volontarisme des ministres de la Santé suffiraient à rendre compte de ce qui a été qualifié de « révolution sanitaire ». Pourtant au-delà de ces facteurs conjoncturels, les conditions de possibilité de cette réforme s’inscrivent plus largement au croisement d’une double dynamique, professionnelle et carcérale, que cette recherche propose de retracer. En effet, la loi du 18 janvier 1994 est également la réforme d’une profession et d’un secteur d’action publique tous deux fortement contestés. La réforme de l’organisation des soins en prison marque l’échec d’une stratégie de spécialisation médicale, entendue comme la tentative opérée par certains praticiens d’occuper une position spécifique au sein du secteur médical.Initiée au début des années soixante par le premier Médecin-inspecteur des prisons, Georges Fully, l’affirmation d’une « médecine pénitentiaire » spécifique avait alors pour but de conférer aux praticiens une plus grande légitimité, et ainsi autonomie, à l’égard de leur employeur, l’Administration pénitentiaire. La spécialisation était ainsi conçue comme une ressource supplémentaire afin de mettre fin au tiraillement auquel étaient confrontés les praticiens travaillant en détention entre leur statut de vacataire du ministère de la Justice et celui de médecin-traitant des détenus. Toutefois, après la violente contestation des prisons survenue durant les années soixante-dix, l’affirmation d’une médecine pénitentiaire devient pour le nouveau Médecin-inspecteur, Solange Troisier, le moyen de légitimer un secteur d’action publique discrédité : l’organisation des soins en milieu carcéral. La consécration d’une médecine spécifique aux détenus est également pour elle le moyen de faire prévaloir les exigences du Code de procédure pénale sur celles issus du Code de déontologie. La spécialisation de la médecine pénitentiaire devient ainsi un moyen de s’autonomiser non pas du ministère de la Justice mais du secteur médical. La réforme de 1994 marque l’échec de cette tentative de spécialisation médicale. Elle résulte de la rencontre entre un « segment » de praticiens défendant l’idée d’une médecine non-spécifique avec quelques magistrats-militants, issus du Syndicat de la magistrature, en poste à l’Administration pénitentiaire favorables à un « décloisonnement » de l’institution carcérale. La loi du 18 janvier 1994 marque l’aboutissement de cette stratégie et l’échec de la tentative de spécialisation. A la « médecine pénitentiaire », désormais rattachée à un passé stigmatisant révolu, succéderait une « médecine exercée en milieu carcéral ».L’enjeu de cette thèse est par conséquent de retracer la sociogenèse d’une réforme à partir des dynamiques qui traversent un groupe professionnel, d’une part, et des transformations qui affectent un secteur d’action publique, d’autre part. On montrera également que la spécialisation de la médecine ne peut être comprise que si elle est articulée à d’autres logiques et qu’elle ne peut ainsi être réduite à sa seule dimension médicaleArticle 2 of French law No 94-43 of January 18, 1994, which concerns the transfer of the organization of health care in prisons from the Ministry of Justice to the public hospital service, has often been presented as a necessary public health reform considering the state of French prisons. The AIDS epidemic and the voluntary work of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice have revealed the need for what has been called a “sanitary revolution”. However, the conditions required for this reform would seem to require a dual approach: both professional and institutional, which this study will underline. Indeed, The French law of January 18, 1994 is also the reform of a profession, and of a sector of action, that is strongly criticized publicly. The reform of organization of health care in prisons underlines the failure of a strategy for a medical specialty, and is viewed by a few observers as an attempt by some practitioners to establish a particular position within the medical sector.Launched in the early sixties by the very first Doctor-inspector for prisons, Georges Fully, the assertion of specific “ health care in prison” was designed to give more legitimacy to the practitioners and therefore to allow them a greater level of autonomy from their employer, the prison administration. The specialization was designed to be an additional resource to help to put an end to the tension that the practitioners working in prison had to face, between their contract status at the Ministry of Justice and their status as general practitioners working in prisons . However, after the violent protests in prisons during the seventies, the organisation of “ health care in prisons” became for the new Doctor-inspector, Solange Troisier, a means of legitimizing the work of a discredited public service. The consecration of a specific medical practice for prisoners was also for her a means of asserting the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure over those of the Code of Medical Ethics. Thus the specialization of health care in prison became a means of empowerment not for the Ministry of Justice but for the medical sector.The reform of 1994 marks the failure of this attempt of medical specialization. It results from interactions between a group of practitioners defending the idea of a non-specific medical care and several militant magistrates, coming from the trade union of magistrates, working in the prison administration who were in favour of a opening-out of the penitentiary institution. The French law of January 18, 1994, highlights the accomplishment of this type of strategy and the failure to create a specialized health care in prison, the latter being then attached to a stigmatized and outdated past.The issue of this thesis is consequently to explore the sociogenesis of a reform from the dynamics which guide a professional group, on the one hand, and the evolutions which affect a public sector of action, on the other hand. We will also show that the specialization of medicine can be understood only if it is apprehended differently and subsequently cannot be reduced only to its medical dimension
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Malmström, Niklas, and Leo Hillman. "En Fängslande Studie : Fängelsereformsattityder i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8693.
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Studiens syfte var att undersöka fängelsereformsattityder i Sverige med syfte att utreda om dessa korrelerade med kön, politisk tillhörighet, ålder och urvalsgrupp. Detta utförs genom att replikera en tidigare amerikansk studie inom samma ämne. Resultaten från den svenska studien jämfördes även med den amerikanska. Urvalsgrupperna utgjordes av allmänheten(N=105), före-detta kriminella (N=48) och högskolestudenter vid Högskolan i Skövde (N=252). Respondenterna nåddes via en mailenkät.Resultaten visade att de svenska respondenterna hade mer positiva attityder gentemot fängelsereformer än deras amerikanska motparter.Före-detta kriminella var mer positivt inställda till fängelsereformer än studenter och allmänheten. Vad gäller politisk tillhörighet, hade vänsterblocket mer positiva attityder mot fängelsereformer än högerblocket. Ålder hade ett positivt samband med fängelsereformsattityder. Det framkom även att i Sverige har kvinnor till en högre grad än män, höll attityden att våldsbrottsförövare borde få en hårdare bestraffning än andra brottslingar. Det skulle kunna vara av intresse att en studie utförs med syfte att undersöka dessa attityder relaterat till kön, för att se ifall det rör sig om interkulturella skillnader.The purpose of this study was to investigate prison reform attitudes to see if they correlated with gender, political affiliation, age and sample group. The sample groups were the general population (N=105), ex-criminals (N=48) and students at the University of Skövde (N=252). The respondents were reached by an email survey. This was done by replicating a previously done American survey study. The results from the Swedish study were reviewed in comparison with the American study. The results showed that Swedish respondents held more positive prison reform attitudes than did their American counterparts. Ex-criminals were more positive towards prison reforms than students and the general population. Regarding political affiliation, the Swedish left-wing had more positive attitudes towards prison reforms than did the right-wing. The study also found a positive correlation between age and prison reform attitudes. It was found that Swedish women had more punitive attitudes towards violent criminals than other criminals, than did the men. It would be interesting to research these attitudes and how they relate to gender, to see whether they are a product of intercultural differences.
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Paiva, Luiz Guilherme Mendes de. "Populismo Penal no Brasil: do modernismo ao antimodernismo penal, de 1984 a 1990." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-31012017-162325/.
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A tese discute a transformação dos discursos político-criminais sobre a pena de prisão no Brasil, no período que compreende os debates para a elaboração da Parte Geral do Código Penal e da Lei de Execução Penal, que reformaram o sistema penal em 1984, e os dispositivos penais e processuais penais discutidos na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e contemplados na Constituição de 1988. Utilizando conceitos da literatura político-criminal anglo-saxã, as teorias tradicionais da pena e analisando os debates legislativos dos principais marcos legais do período escolhido, pretendeu-se verificar se o processo de superencarceramento brasileiro está inserido no contexto ocidental de valorização da prisão no final do século XX, ou se as peculiaridades do caso nacional indicam tratar-se de um fenômeno com causas endógenas. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que a virada punitiva brasileira está ligada ao processo de redemocratização, que atribuiu ao sistema de justiça criminal o papel de instrumento de resolução de problemas sociais complexos. Em um curto período, partiu-se de uma concepção de pena criminal como ultima ratio, instrumento de um sistema mais amplo de ressocialização e inclusão social, para um direito penal essencialmente punitivo. Nesse processo, a pena criminal foi revalorizada tanto por setores conservadores que se aproveitaram da utilidade eleitoral da política criminal para construir a narrativa da pena como instrumento de exclusão dos indesejáveis, em detrimento dos direitos humanos dos condenados quanto por setores progressistas que viram no potencial simbólico da prisão uma forma de assegurar pautas e de buscar direitos sociais. Assim, de maneira paradoxal, a pena de prisão assumiu o papel de síntese das demandas contraditórias que se apresentaram durante as disputas políticas nos anos 1980. Ao final, conclui-se que a prática contemporânea do sistema penal brasileiro está ligada à função atribuída à pena de prisão a partir da abertura política. O recurso a penas cada vez mais altas, o perene apelo a restrições processuais penais e a indiferença quanto à situação dos cárceres (agora concebidos como meros instrumentos de exclusão) refletem a lógica de colonização do sistema de justiça pelo aparato de segurança pública, característica constitutiva do antimodernismo penal no país.The thesis presents a discussion about the transformation of criminal policy discourses on imprisonment in Brazil, from the 1984 criminal justice reform laws to the debates on the constitutional framework of the criminal justice system during the National Constituent Assembly, in 1988. Using concepts developed in the Anglo-Saxon criminology and the traditional justifications for criminal sanctions, the work analyses the legislative debates in order to verify if Brazilian overincarceration is part of the punitive turn wave which took place in the Western world in the late 20th century, or if its peculiarities should rather be explained by endogenous causes. It goes to illustrate how, in few years, Brazilian punitive turn departed from a welfare penal agenda to one essentially based on punitive sanctions. The hypothesis investigated along the work is that this phenomenon has direct links to the democratization process which attributed to the criminal justice system the role of solving complex social problems. Both conservatives, who discovered the electoral potential of penal populism, and new social movements, who relied on the symbolic nature of criminal law to support and organize civil rights demands, reinvigorated imprisonment. Paradoxically, prison became a synthesis of contradictory political forces and demands raised at the decline of military regime. The work concludes that contemporary practices of Brazilian criminal justice system are determined by the role assigned to imprisonment since democratization. Ever-higher prison sentences, limits on procedural rights for the accused and indifference towards inhumane prisons (now merely defined as a neutralization tool) reflects colonization of the criminal justice system by crime control apparatus, which is a constitutive feature of penal late modernism in Brazil.
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Diallo, Aly. "L'efficacité des réformes pénales en matière d'alternatives à l'emprisonnement : l'exemple de la France, du Mali et du Québec." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0152.
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Les réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ont connu un essor fulgurant un peu partout dans le monde (à l’exception de certains pays comme le Mali, qui ne connaît qu’une seule peine alternative à l’emprisonnement stricto sensu « la peine de travail d’intérêt général »), en particulier en France et au Québec entre les années soixante-dix et deux mille. Ces réformes ont notamment mené à la création de diverses peines ou mesures qualifiées d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ou d’alternatives à l’incarcération ou de peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement, etc. À titre d’exemple, en France et au Québec, nous pouvons mentionner la création de diverses peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement telles que les peines affectant le permis de conduire, le jour-amende, la confiscation, la peine de probation, etc. Cela dit, les différentes réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement menées par les autorités des pays susmentionnés ont-elles permis de lutter contre la surpopulation carcérale et la récidive ? La recherche est scindée en deux parties : la première est consacrée à la relative efficacité des réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement, due principalement à l’ambivalence des politiques pénales des autorités françaises, maliennes et québécoises, mais aussi à une surpopulation carcérale explosive et à l’augmentation du taux de récidive des condamnés à des alternatives à l’emprisonnement ; la seconde partie est axée sur l’exigence d’autonomisation des alternatives à l’emprisonnement pour lutter efficacement contre la récidive et la surpopulation carcéraleCriminal reforms in alternatives to imprisonment have boomed around the world (with the exception of some countries like Mali, which has only one alternative sentence to imprisonment in the strict sense of the term "The sentence of community service"), particularly in France and Quebec between the 1970s and 2000s. These reforms have led to the creation of various punishments or measures classified as alternatives to imprisonment or alternatives to incarceration, etc. For example, in France and Quebec, we can mention the creation of various alternatives to imprisonment such as the penalties affecting the driving license, the day-fine, the confiscation, the sentence of probation, etc. That said, have the various penal reforms in the field of alternatives to imprisonment carried out by the authorities of the above-mentioned countries helped to combat prison overcrowding and recidivism? The research is divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the relative effectiveness of penal reforms in terms of alternatives to imprisonment, mainly due to the ambivalence of the penal policies of the French, Malian and Quebec authorities, but also to a explosive prison overcrowding and the increase in the recidivism rate of those sentenced to alternatives to imprisonment; the second part focuses on the need to empower alternatives to imprisonment to effectively combat recidivism and prison overcrowding
Books on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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An American radical: Political prisoner in my own country. New York: Citadel Press, 2011.
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Sinclair, Billy Wayne. A life in the balance: The Billy Wayne Sinclair story : a journey from murder to redemption inside America's worst prison system. New York: Arcade Pub., 2000.
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Capelli, Anna. La buona compagnia: Utopia e realtà carceraria nell'Italia del Risorgimento. Milano, Italy: F. Angeli, 1988.
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David, Boodell, ed. Dreams from the monster factory: A tale of prison, redemption, and one woman's fight to restore justice to all. New York: Scribner, 2009.
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Penal discipline, reformatory projects and the English Prison Commission 1895-1939. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 1990.
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West, Tessa. The curious Mr. Howard: Legendary prison reformer. Hook, Hampshire: Waterside Press, 2011.
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Baxendale, Alan S. Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill: Penal reformer. New York: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Baxendale, Alan S. Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill: Penal reformer. New York: Peter Lang, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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Julian, Maureen M., and Mary Virginia Orna. "Dame Kathleen Lonsdale: Scientist, Pacifist, Prison Reformer." In ACS Symposium Series, 199–216. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1311.ch008.
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Lambropoulou, Effi. "The Autopoietic View of Prison Organization and of Correctional Reforms." In Critical Issues in Systems Theory and Practice, 693–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9883-8_107.
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Bennett, Jamie. "The Man, the Machine and the Myths: Reconsidering Winston Churchill’s Prison Reforms." In Punishment and Control in Historical Perspective, 95–114. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583443_6.
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Chase, Robert T. "Fears of Contagion, Strategies of Containment." In We Are Not Slaves, 31–59. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653570.003.0002.
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The first chapter offers an analysis of prison reform through the lens of sexualized containment, where elite northern reformers sought to replace the notorious 1940s prison farm and open dormitory system with the best practices of northern criminal justice and blended with a southern work model to create an efficient, business-oriented agricultural enterprise system. During the 1940s and 1950s, postwar criminologists employed metaphors of disease and contagion that warned that prison sex and sexual violence between men could spread from one prisoner to another. In the U.S. South, the practice of housing prisoners in labor camps and shared dormitories contributed to the metaphor of disease and contagion, a particular fear that the South’s open living spaces hastened the southern prison’s production of homosexuality. The chapter argues that such a Cold War–era reform plan stressed the social quarantine of prisoners through the adoption of the northern penitentiary’s design of cells and wings as a way to contain the sexual violence that occurred all too frequently in open southern dormitories. Such an external emphasis on prison space and containment had profound consequences, as it enhanced the spatial power and reach of an internal trusty where the prison system relied on prisoners as guards.
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Chase, Robert T. "The Aztlán Outlaw and Black Reform Politics." In We Are Not Slaves, 249–72. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653570.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 takes up the state’s most famous prison hostage crisis to analyze prisoner Fred Carrasco as an Aztlán outlaw who drew on nationalist and Chicano ideologies to critique the prison plantation, while also showing how this moment of carceral violence contrasted with and derailed the hopes of African American political reformers. Carrasco’s hostage crisis also offers a critical historical parallel to Reies Tijerina’s 1967 raid of a New Mexico courthouse to demand land grant rights. This chapter offers Carrasco’s hostage crisis alongside the historical context of Chicano nationalist demands, particularly Reies Tijerina’s 1967 raid of a New Mexico courthouse to demand land grant rights. Both the Alianza courthouse encounter with criminal justice and the Carrasco hostage crisis drew upon a history of violent border confrontation with border police and the Texas Rangers, that stretched across time and borders. This chapter concludes, however, with the prison reality that the Carrasco’s hostage crisis dashed the hopes of Black political reformers at a crucial moment in their legislative campaign.
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Reiter, Keramet. "The Path to Pelican Bay." In Caging Borders and Carceral States, 303–40. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651231.003.0011.
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The chapter showcases California’s prison bureaucracy where correctional bureaucrats pioneered the development of the “supermax” high-level-security prison, or “prisons within prisons.” Drawing on forty oral history interviews with prison administrators, lawyers, prison architects, and reformers, the chapter demonstrates how correctional bureaucrats initiated solutions to address local problems without political scrutiny. By focusing on local control through correctional bureaucrats, the chapter argues that bureaucrats acted as more than policy implementers but as “policy initiators” who reacted to fears over mounting prison uprisings, gang strife and racial violence, and prisoners’ rights lawsuits by redesigning the prison scheme to arrive at their “solution” of architectural cell isolation. In contrast to the top-down federal narrative of mass incarceration, this chapter reveals that correctional bureaucrats had near total control when advocating for the holistic redesign of the entire prison system within a supermax framework. Correctional bureaucrats thus remapped California’s prison system around a supermax framework with very little political and judicial intent, oversight, or scrutiny.
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"Luther the Prisoner." In Resilient Reformer, 139–74. 1517 Media, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwwdk.10.
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Dubey, Divya, and Vedika Agarwal. "Overview of Correctional Reform in India." In Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System, 162–81. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch010.
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Today, every prison around the world requires a correctional programme so that rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders can be done successfully. Correctional reforms is a serious issue and has been taken seriously even internationally. In India, many attempts have been made to improve the condition of prisons and prisoners, but little changes have been seen at the root-level. There is a scope of modifications in the correctional reforms to meet the present-day needs of the criminal justice system. The chapter will give an overview of the correctional reforms in Indian prisons and after reviewing the existing literature will attempt to identify the limitations of the correctional programs which need to be addressed for effective rehabilitation and reformation of prisoners. Lastly, the chapter will conclude with a number of suggestions and with a comprehensive model for rehabilitation.
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Tavaragi, Meghamala S. "Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons." In Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care, 568–89. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7122-3.ch028.
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It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.
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Tavaragi, Meghamala S. "Chronic Mental Illness in Prisons." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 203–24. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0519-8.ch011.
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It has been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners. Many people with identifiable psychiatric illness do conflict with the law, often by no fault of their own but because of symptoms of their psychiatric illness and end up in jails. Poor communication between the prison, court, and hospital systems hinders the assessment and management of the mentally disordered offender, and medical intervention can actually delay release from custody. In conclusion Prisons are detrimental to mental-health, and the standards of psychiatric care are significantly lower than those for the general public. Certain remedial measures are to be implemented for a better future of prison and community because ultimately these prisoners will be released from prison and become a part of community. Beginning of reforms is the immediate need as a long journey ahead.
Conference papers on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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MAHOOD, Sahar. "ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN BAGHDAD DURING THE RULE OF THE GOVERNOR MATHAT PASHA (1869-1872)." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-8.
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Pasha was one of the most prominent Ottoman governors who ruled Baghdad during the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and he was also one of the most important administrative reformers in the city, as he was appointed as its governor in (1869 AD), so he assumed the task of the Ottoman state’s control over the Arab Gulf countries such as (Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Al-Ahsa We find). This study acquires its importance through the important administrative reforms that Medhat Pasha undertook in Baghdad, so we dealt with it in this research in some detail, as his reforms in the fields of (education, mail, health, administration, and construction, etc.) were of great importance in administrative and urban development. For the city of Baghdad, as it established the first building blocks for establishing a solid central administrative system and distinguished urban development. Perhaps one of the most prominent objectives of this study is to shed light on the important reforms of Governor Medhat Pasha in the city of Baghdad, especially in the administrative, urban, educational and other fields, and to stand on each one of them in order to demonstrate its importance and impact on Al-Baghdadi society. As for the problem of this study, it lies in the disclosure of many challenges that coincided with the reforms of Medhat Pasha, which caused a qualitative shift in the administrative system in Baghdad, the most prominent of which was the popular revolution by the people of this city following the imposition of compulsory conscription, even though the governor faced it And he was able to control it and where he did not stop his reforms, whose effects and features remain fresh to this day. He regretted that Medhat Pasha did not help him with his reforms at the Sublime Porte, so the intrigues and plots were trampled upon him, and he was subsequently transferred to the state of Izmir and he was arrested on charges of killing Sultan Abdul Aziz. The judgment was not executed, so he ordered his exile to the city of Taif, and he died in prison in 1883AD.
Reports on the topic "Prisoner reformers"
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Drum, Martin, and Riley Buchanan. Western Australia's Prison Population 2020: Challenges and Reforms. The University of Notre Dame Australia and the Catholic Archdiocese of Perth, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/csos/2020.2.
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