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Journal articles on the topic 'Prisoners of war – crimes against'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Andrukhiv, Oleh. "Legal assessment of russian crimes in Ukraine." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 17(29) (June 12, 2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2024.17.29.19-24.

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Purpose. The purpose of our research is to form a legal assessment of Russian war crimes in Ukraine, including on the basis of the historical retrospective of human rights violations that took place in the Soviet era. Method. The methodology includes the complex use of scientific approaches and principles, as well as general scientific, philosophical and special scientific methods. Results. It was established that during the more than ten-year period of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, many violations in the field of international law were committed, related to the violation of hu

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2

Plakhtii, V. M., О. А. Leonenko, and M. V. Kravets. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS AS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF COUNTRY SECURITY." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 1 (2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.103.

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The article is devoted to the study of international legal aspects of the settlement of crimes related to military service and crimes committed during hostilities. The analysis of the international legislation and the legislation of Ukraine, their evolution and development in different periods of history concerning the essence of war crimes is carried out. In addition, it was noted that there are problems in defining the term crime, which in modern criminal law does not have a generally accepted definition. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law. Therefore, a crime is

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3

Salman, Hamza A. K., Shahrul Mizan Ismail, and Rohaida Nordin. "PRISONERS OF WAR: CLASSIFICATION AND LEGAL PROTECTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 14, no. 2 (2023): 677–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2023.14.2.11.

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The International humanitarian law, through a set of international conventions, protects prisoners of war from any violation orinfringement of human rights during their captivity. The status of prisoners of war is only applicable in international armed conflicts.After The Hague Convention had failed to identify the categories of fighters who would benefit from their privileges as prisoners of war in World War II, the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions and their protocols were established to justify the inclusion of broader categories of combatants. Descriptive and analytical approaches are us

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4

Gelumbauskas, Evaldas. "The Creation of the Community of Political Prisoners and Resistance in the GULAG Special Regime Camps (1948–1954)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 16 (2025): 71–93. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2004.204.

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This article analyses the evolution of the system of GULAG special regime camps during 1948–1954 and the development of the status, identity and the formation of the community of political prisoners incarcerated there, as well as the resistance and struggle of political prisoners for the liquidation of the special imprisonment regime in the camp is also reviewed. The author of the article summarizes the most recent works of Lithuanian and foreign historians, and has utilized an abundance of memoirs of former political prisoners and sources published in separate collections of documents. The So

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5

Loshytskyi, Mykhailo, Oleksandr Kolotilov, Roman Bogdanov, Vitalii Verbytskyi, and Anton Cherniienko. "War crimes and ensuring Ukraine's national security through the prism of Russia's armed aggression." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, no. 10 (2023): 18061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i10.2885.

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Modern democratic states of the world make a lot of efforts to ensure national security, which is one of the priority areas of state activity. In recent years, you have observed armed aggression on the part of individual states, evidence of which is the illegal invasion of the territory of Ukraine by Russian troops in February 2022 and the commission of a number of war crimes by them. The article uses general and special scientific methods. A war crime is a violation of international humanitarian law or national legislation by a serviceman or other person participating in an armed conflict or

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DUNGEL, JOAKIM. "Defining Victims of Crimes against Humanity: Martić and the International Criminal Court." Leiden Journal of International Law 22, no. 4 (2009): 727–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990197.

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AbstractIn Martić, the ICTY held that the term ‘civilian’ in the chapeau of crimes against humanity excludes persons hors de combat, but that such persons may still be victims of crimes against humanity. This paper analyses that holding and its applicability before the ICC. It observes that the holding may result in additional protection to prisoners of war, leave the group of victims of crimes against humanity undefined, and render the term ‘civilian’ in the chapeau nugatory. Some recommendations are offered in these regards.

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7

Кравченко, Павло. "Насильство над цивільним населенням. Миколаївська область. Документи органів держбезпеки. 1941-1944 / Автори-упорядники Валерій Васильєв, Олена Лисенко, Сергій Макарчук, Роман Подкур. – К.; Видавець В.Захаренко. 2024, 432 с." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, № 51 (24 березня 2025): 141–44. https://doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2025-51-141-144.

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This scientific paper analyzes the materials of a collection containing documents on the crimes committed by the German and Romanian occupiers and their accomplices in the Mykolaiv region between 1941 and 1944. The documented acts of violence against civilians and prisoners of war, validated by the investigation, contribute to a broader understanding of crimes against humanity in Ukraine during the German-Soviet War (1941–1945). These records allow for a more precise assessment of the scale, forms, and methods of mass extermination and enable comparisons with crimes committed by Russian invade

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8

Shendi, Ismail Mohammad. "Protection Guarantees of War-prisoners’ Rights and the Liability for the Violation thereof in Islamic Fiqh and International Law – A Comparative Study." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 12 (2024): 1366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/9475z746.

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The study acknowledges the guarantees for the protection of war-prisoners’ rights and the liability for their violation in Islamic Fiqh and International Law, witnessing rising violent wars in which crimes are being committed against prisoners including execution, humiliation, bodily mutilation, torture, rape, sleep deprivation, starvation and other forms of oppression. The study is composed of four sections, followed by a conclusion. The first section highlights the definition of war-prisoners in Fiqh and international law, the second elaborates on their rights in Fiqh and international law w

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9

Nirwan, Figur Muhammad Ali Putra, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, and Arman Anwar. "Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pelanggaran Ham Terhadap Tawanan Perang Menurut Hukum Dan Ham Internasional." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 7 (2023): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i7.1849.

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Introduction: The Syrian conflict was motivated by the Arab Spring, which was related to demonstrations and popular resistance in the Middle East and North Africa which ended with the fall of the ruling regimes in these regional countries.Purposes of the Research: The research method uses a normative juridical method. This type of research is descriptive analytical using primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials where the collection of legal materials is carried out using library research. Furthermore, the analysis technique uses qualitative analysis, by identifying facts, eli

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10

Abidin, Ali Zainal. "Perlakuan terhadap Tawanan Perang dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam." Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam 3, no. 01 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59833/qonuni.v3i01.1161.

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In war, those who become prisoners of war must act as individuals as referred to in the 1949 Geneva Convention III. Meanwhile, according to Article 5, if there is doubt about the status of someone who is at war and falls into his hands. Enemy, that person must remain in custody until his status is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. In Islam, the rules of Islamic warfare refer to what the Islamic scholars accept in sharia (Islamic law) and fiqh (Islamic law) as laws in Islam that Muslims must follow when fighting each other. Especially in the treatment of prisoners of war and the

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Abidin, Ali Zainal. "Perlakuan terhadap Tawanan Perang dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam." Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam 3, no. 01 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.59833/8gw7p743.

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In war, those who become prisoners of war must act as individuals as referred to in the 1949 Geneva Convention III. Meanwhile, according to Article 5, if there is doubt about the status of someone who is at war and falls into his hands. Enemy, that person must remain in custody until his status is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. In Islam, the rules of Islamic warfare refer to what the Islamic scholars accept in sharia (Islamic law) and fiqh (Islamic law) as laws in Islam that Muslims must follow when fighting each other. Especially in the treatment of prisoners of war and the

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12

Maletova, O. S., and O. M. Trigub. "Criminal liability for war crimes." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 16, 2024): 765–69. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.06.127.

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The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of criminal liability for violations of the laws and customs of war, in light of contemporary challenges facing international humanitarian law. The relevance of this study arises from the need to enhance mechanisms of accountability for war crimes amidst modern armed conflicts and the importance of ensuring effective justice against war criminals. The research delves into the historical development of legal regulation for liability concerning breaches of war laws and customs, starting from the Hague Conventions to contemporary

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13

Kaplina, Oksana. "PRISONER OF WAR: SPECIAL STATUS IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF UKRAINE AND THE RIGHT TO EXCHANGE." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 5, no. 4-2 (2022): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-5.4-a000438.

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Background. This article is devoted to the relevant issue of the creation of appropriate normative regulation of criminal prosecution of prisoners of war who were captured during the armed conflict in Ukraine and their exchange. Despite the positive dynamics of destabilisation processes taking place all over the world, and in some places connected with the outbreak of military conflicts of an international nature, insufficient attention is paid to the issue of legitimising the process of exchange of prisoners of war in national legal systems. Methods: The problem is complicated by the need to

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14

Stolitnii, A. V. "Improving the procedure for accounting for crimes related to violations of the laws and customs of war." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 1, 2025): 758–65. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.01.126.

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It is indicated that large-scale armed aggression (war) has led to a sharp increase in the number of war crimes, among which the largest share is made up of criminal offenses related to violations of the laws and customs of war. The scientific publication examines the issue of improving the procedure for recording crimes in the Unified Register of Pretrial Investigations related to violations of the laws and customs of war. The composition of the corresponding criminal offense is analyzed, its special elements are singled out. It is noted that for the correct qualification and accounting of cr

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15

Verigin, Sergey G., Denis A. Popov, and Margarita N. Prokhorova. "New Documents on the Finnish Occupation of the Olonets Region of Karelia in 1941–44." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2023): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-131-143.

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The article analyzes newly identified documents detailing the detention of prisoners in Finnish detention facilities created on the territory of the Olonets region of Karelia during the Great Patriotic War. They provide an opportunity of studying regional aspects of the Finnish occupation of Karelia in 1941-44, comparing the data with other materials on the Finnish occupation of the Olonets region. The documents are letters of concentration camp prisoners, written to the archive in late 20th century in order to obtain certificates of their occupancy in the camp. Although the letters should hav

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16

Habibullah, Ibrahimy. "The American War in Afghanistan Concluded Precisely as it had begun, but the Outcome was War Crime." LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY REVIEW -ISBN - 978-81-960677-7-9 1, no. 1 (2023): 32–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7614759.

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<em>War crimes are described as acts that gravely violate the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I, and Additional Protocol II, as well as the rules and conventions of war established by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Although the occupying power should be bound by several provisions of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention as long as "such Power exercises the functions of government in such territory," the protection of civilians and prisoners of war during military occupation is extended for a year after the end of hostilities, even in the case where there is no armed res

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17

Habibullah, Ibrahimy. "The American War in Afghanistan Concluded Precisely as it had begun, but the Outcome was War Crime." LAW AND SOCIAL POLICY REVIEW 1, no. 1 (2023): 32–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7632677.

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<em>War crimes are described as acts that gravely violate the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I, and Additional Protocol II, as well as the rules and conventions of war established by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Although the occupying power should be bound by several provisions of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention as long as "such Power exercises the functions of government in such territory," the protection of civilians and prisoners of war during military occupation is extended for a year after the end of hostilities, even in the case where there is no armed res

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18

Verigin, Sergey. "New Archival Documents on the Finnish Occupation of Karelia (1941—1944)." ISTORIYA 14, no. 8 (130) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027793-1.

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The relevance of the article is due to the special importance of preserving historical memory for modern society about the genocide of the Nazis and their allies in the occupied territory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Its novelty is determined by the introduction of extensive archival material into scientific circulation, on the basis of which numerous aspects of the content of civilians in Finnish concentration camps are studied: the difficult situation with food; the nature of the work performed by prisoners; quarantine measures of the occupation regime in the camps; facts of w

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19

Fedorov, Aleksandr V. "Genocide of the Soviet People in the Years of the Great Patriotic War: The Investigative and Judicial Practice." Juridical World 1 (January 26, 2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1811-1475-2023-1-14-20.

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The article is devoted to the issues of investigation and judicial review of crimes committed during the Great Patriotic War by the Nazis and their accomplices in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union. The article provides data on the activities of the investigating authorities to investigate fascist atrocities against the civilian population and prisoners of war in the occupied territories, considers the circumstances that allow qualifying these atrocities as the genocide of the Soviet people, analyzes court decisions on the recognition of facts of legal significance, namely, the recog

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20

Makarchuk, Volodymyr. "War and military crimes in the criminal legislation of the Russian empire, the rsfsr, and the Russian federation: theory and direct practice." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 39 (2023): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.204.

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The qualification of military and war crimes in the legislation of the Tsardom of Muscovy, the Russian Empire, the RSFSR and modern Russia is considered. A conclusion about the primacy of military expediency over considerations of universal morality and humanism is made. Thus, the legislation of the Tsardom of Muscovy foresaw the possibility of turning the so-called boyar children (the younger layer of the boyars), suspended by the tsar from service, into kholops (serfs). The military legislation of Peter I does not distinguish between the suicide of a soldier and treason. The military reform

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21

Petukhov, Nikolay A., and Ekaterina V. Ryabtseva. "Nuremberg in Tokyo: Trials of Japanese War Criminals." Pravosudie / Justice 6, no. 4 (2024): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.37399/2686-9241.2024.4.30-42.

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Introduction. The article is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Tokyo trial of Japanese war criminals. The purpose of work is analysis of historical events preceding the Tokyo tribunal is carried out. Results. The key roles of the USSR in the surrender of Japan is shown. The evidence of the villainous treatment of prisoners of war and civilians in the occupied territories by the Japanese is presented. The features of the Tokyo trial are investigated and the conviction of 25 war criminals is described in detail. Discussion and Сonclusion. The importance of the Tokyo Tribunal is shown, whi

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22

Yakovliev, Vitalii. "Wartime and Post-War Criminal Prosecution of Persons Involved in Nazi Crimes in the Kharkiv Region." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, no. 65 (October 1, 2024): 156–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2024-65-07.

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The article sheds light on an issue neglected in both Ukrainian and international historiography — the prosecution of persons involved in Nazi crimes in the Kharkiv region. The source base of the study includes legislative and regulatory documents, thematic collections of documents, and archival criminal cases of former members of the Ukrainian auxiliary police who served with the GFP (secret field police) group 560, security police and SD of the ‘General District of Kharkiv’, and the Ukrainian police battalion under SD command. Despite the differences that existed between the Allies, the pros

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23

Serralvo, Jose. "Privatized Military Firms’ Impunity in Cases of Torture: A Crime of Humanity?" International Community Law Review 14, no. 2 (2012): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197312x633469.

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Abstract Over the past few years privatized military firms (PMFs) have allegedly committed all kind of war crimes, including torture. Prisoners’ abuses at Abu Ghraib or indiscriminate firing against civilian vehicles to the rhythm of Elvis Presley’s “Runaway Train” are but a couple of examples of the excesses revealed by the public media. Nonetheless, members of PMFs have hardly been held accountable. “Lawlessness” and “weak laws” have been blamed for these striking cases of impunity. Emphasizing the crime of torture, this article explores the legal framework applicable to PMFs, both from a do

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24

Iurlov, Aleksandr R. "Social and demographic structure of the Talerhof internment camp (1914–1917)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 2 (2022): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-2-574-584.

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The Talerhof internment camp became the place of imprisonment of many thousands of representatives of the Ruthenian people of Austria-Hungary in 1914–1917, however, there is still no historical portrait of the prisoner of the camp. The creation of a database containing information about the prisoners of Talerhof made it possible to recreate the socio-demographic structure of the camp. As a result of the study, it was found that only every tenth prisoner of the camp was a Russophile. The research made it possible to compile a portrait of an average prisoner and, in some cases, to recreate their

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Haseljić, Meldijana Arnaut. "Violation of Human Rights and Enforced Disappearance in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Frontiers in Law 2 (May 3, 2023): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2817-2302.2023.02.06.

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Every armed conflict outcome in a violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms. In areas where war conflicts are taking place, certain forms of crimes that are most often committed against civilians and other categories protected by international (humanitarian) law occur as an inevitable consequence. Thus, in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the war that took place in the period 1992-1995. committed numerous war crimes, and crimes against the peace and security of mankind. These crimes were committed against civilians and protected categories of the population, primarily prison

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26

Selyukina, Natalia. "Historical Analysis of Nazi Collaborators from Lithuanian Police Battalions Prosecution: by the Example of Antanas Gecevicius." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 1, no. 2025 (2025): 151–60. https://doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2025-0-1-151-160.

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The study of individual examples of legal prosecution helps to determine the terms of glorification and justification of Nazi collaborators, as well as to establish previously unknown crimes committed against Soviet citizens and prisoners of war during the war. Legal prosecution of Nazi collaborators from the 2nd (12th) Lithuanian police battalion can’t be called effective from the point of view of inevitable punishment principle realization. The example of A. Gecevicius shows that the presence of compelling evidence and wide media coverage in certain historical and political conditions do not

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27

Хорошев, А. А. "The Problem of Mortality among Soviet Prisoners of War in Finland (1939–1944)." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history 7, no. 4 (2023): 1173–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2023-7-4-2.

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В статье рассматривается проблема смертности среди советских военнопленных в Финляндии в период с 1939 по 1944 г. Основными источниками стали воспоминания бывших военнопленных, а также документы из Государственного архива Российской Федерации. В фонде, посвященном репатриации советских граждан (Ф-9526), содержатся сведения о военных преступлениях в отношении советских военнослужащих, находившихся в финском плену. В первой части статьи рассматривается вопрос о численности советских военнопленных на территории Финляндии с 1941 по 1944 г. Анализ историографии и комплекса исторических источников в

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28

QAFISHEH, Mutaz M., and Ihssan Adel MADBOUH. "Palestine's Accession to Geneva Convention III: Typology of Captives Incarcerated by Israel." Asian Journal of International Law 11, no. 2 (2021): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251321000229.

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AbstractUpon the 2014 State of Palestine's accession to Geneva Convention III, captured Palestinians who took part in belligerent acts against the occupier should be treated as prisoners of war due to the fact that they belong to a party to an armed conflict. These individuals fall under three categories: members of security forces, affiliates of armed resistance groups, and uprisers who fight the occupant spontaneously on an individual basis. Contrary to established rules of IHL, Israel does not make any distinction regarding the status of these three types. Unilateral Israeli treatment of it

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Segesser, Daniel Marc. "The Punishment of War Crimes Committed against Prisoners of War, Deportees and Refugees during and after the First World War." Immigrants & Minorities 26, no. 1-2 (2008): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619280802442647.

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Ivanov, Vyacheslav A. "The Struggle of Soviet Prisoners of War Against the Nazi Occupiers of Sevastopol in 1943–1944." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v317.

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The paper deals with one of the little-studied issues in the history of the resistance movement during the Great Patriotic War, namely, the participation of Soviet prisoners of war in the anti-fascist struggle in the ranks of the Communist underground organization in occupied Sevastopol in 1943–1944. The purpose of this article was to study the formation and structure of the aforementioned organization, as well as the involvement in the antifascist struggle of Soviet prisoners of war, and to identify the effect of their activities on the general course of the anti-Hitler struggle in occupied C

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Johnson, Kishor. "A Scientific Method to the Madness of Unit 731’s Human Experimentation and Biological Warfare Program." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 77, no. 1 (2021): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrab044.

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Abstract The Japanese Imperial Army Unit 731’s Biological Warfare (BW) research program committed atrocious crimes against humanity in their pursuit of biological weapons development during the Second World War. Due to an American cover-up, the details behind Unit 731’s human experimentation were slow to be revealed. The recent literature discloses the gruesome details of the experiments but characterizes the human trials as crude in nature. Further, there is a lack of clarity as to how human trial results were extrapolated for use in real world missions. Through an examination of testimony fr

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Pastushenko, T. "Crimes against Soviet prisoners of war during the World War II and the prosecution of Nazi criminals in post-war Germany." Pages of Military History of Ukraine, no. 29 (April 2, 2025): 144–66. https://doi.org/10.15407/sviu.2025.29.144.

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Shevchuk, Larysa, and Pavlo Masalov. "SYMBOLIC SEMANTICS IN THE VISUAL COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICES OF ANTI-WAR PERFORMANCES IN 2022–2024." Odessa National University Herald. Series: Philology 29, no. 2(30) (2024): 73–98. https://doi.org/10.18524/2307-8332.2024.2(30).320409.

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The article is devoted to the study of symbolic semantics in the visual communicative practices of anti-war performances in the socio-political discourse of 2022-2024. The research analyzes 45 performances, 40 minutes of video recordings, and 120 photographs, allowing for the identification of key characteristics, archetypes, and symbols used to form anti-war messages. Significant attention is paid to the archetypes (mother, child, maiden-warrior, water, blood, victim, death) that shape the collective unconscious and emotionally impact the audience. The performances are characterized by their

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34

Efendi, Didik, Aris Purnawan, Tarsisius Susilo, Dinand Tumpak Sirait, and Wahyu RS. "Impact of Humanitarian Law Violations in The World War Against The Establishment of International Legal Instruments." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 6, no. 6 (2025): 1969–73. https://doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v6i6.1755.

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World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945) marked pivotal moments in the development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), as they vividly demonstrated the destructive impact of armed conflict on humanitarian values. Serious violations of IHL, such as the use of chemical weapons, mass killings, inhumane treatment of prisoners of war, and acts of genocide, revealed the limitations of existing international legal instruments and prompted the establishment of a stronger legal framework. This study aims to analyze the forms of IHL violations during the world wars, examine the internat

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Pięta, Jan. "The Activities of War Archives Committee in Collecting Documents about the Victims of Totalitarian Regimes." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 2 (2025): 122–27. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.1997.216.

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On 29 June 1992, the Military Archives’ Commission was set up to investigate Soviet repression on Polish territory. The Russian archives were primarily concerned with researching and copying documents relating to the presence of Polish prisoners of war and internees in the Soviet Union in 1939–1949, and to the crimes committed against other groups of society. The collection became the basis for scientific research and pedagogical work. The documents collected have already been used in numerous publications and historical research papers. They are also used by Polish university lecturers and st

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Lutskyi, Andrii, Myroslav Lutskyi, and Boris Kindyuk. "The Contribution of Prof. M.N. Gernet to the Development of Legal Science." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 3 (2019): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(3).519-529.

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The paper presents the biography and systematizes the research of a well-known Russian scholar Prof. M.N. Gernet. The authors single out different spheres of his work: 1) the theory and history of criminal law, including the theory of crime as a social phenomenon, the qualification of criminals and crimes, the concept of criminal law, types of punishment used in different countries as well as social security measures in the form of the penitentiary system, organization of inmates’ labor, their re-socialization; 2) criminal law sociology, including the research of the dependence of the number o

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Arı, Yılmaz, and Mustafa Turan. "A Crime Against Humanity and the Tragedy of Genocide: An Evaluation That Israel Should Be Sued for State Terrorism Against Palestinians." Uluslararası Dorlion Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (DASAD) 1, no. 2 (2023): 445–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10429568.

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Israel, which has been oppressing the people of the region, especially Muslims, since its establishment in the Palestinian territories, acts almost like a terrorist organization. As a recent development, since October 7, 2023, Israel has carried out many attacks on Gaza, killing or injuring thousands of innocent people living in Gaza. These attacks violate the rules of International Law, the Law of War and International Criminal Law, the International Criminal Court decisions, the Geneva and Hague Conventions, the UN Convention on Conventional Weapons, Human Rights Watch reports and the consci

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Sniegon, Tomas. "From state terror to international conflict. A place of memory: Katyn as a foreign policy tool of Putin’s Russia." FAREWELL TO IMAGINED POST-SOVIETNESS: A Political and Methodological Necessity 2, no. 1 (2023): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54881/211stts.

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This text discusses the transformations of the Katyn memorial site near Smolensk in western Russia, where, in 1940, the mass murder of more than 4,000 Polish military officers who were prisoners of war occurred. After the Soviet Union’s admission of guilt in 1990, it seemed for two decades that Katyn could also serve as a place for mutual reconciliation between post-communist Poland and post-Soviet Russia. However, in the period of increasing tension between Russia and Poland after 2010, the monument in Katyn became an object of Russian–Polish confrontation. The author concludes that the Katyn

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Kulesza, Witold. "Zbrodnia katyńska przed Europejskim Trybunałem Praw Człowieka — refleksje nad wyrokiem z 21 października 2013 roku." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 43 (May 16, 2017): 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.43.19.

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The Katyń massacre before the European Court of Human Rights — reflections on the October 21, 2013 judgmentBoth the Nuremberg Tribunal in its judgment of Jan. 1, 1946 as well as the European Court of Human Rights’ Grand Chamber judgment of Oct. 21, 2013 in the case of Janowiec and Others v. Russia abstracted from a substantive decision on Russia’s responsibility for the Katyń massacre and failed to determine the consequences to be borne by the defending state, whose authorities decided upon the performance of the act in question. Contemporary Russian state denies that the murder of 22,000 Poli

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Bodaevsky, Viktor P. "The effect of the Russian criminal law regarding military crimes in space." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020997-7.

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The article analyzes the specifics of the application of special legal norms provided for in Articles 11 and 12 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: on the operation of the criminal law against persons who committed a crime on a military ship or military aircraft of the Russian Federation; on the operation of the criminal law against military personnel of military units of the Russian Federation stationed outside the Russian Federation. It is stated that full criminal jurisdiction extends to: warships or military aircraft of the Russian Federation, regardless of their location; troo

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М.Н., Потемкина,, and Колдомасов, И.О. "Features of evacuation of prisoners in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War." Historia provinciae - the journal of regional history, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 1210–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2022-6-4-3.

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Изучение вопроса об эвакуации в годы Великой Отечественной войны лиц, относящихся к спецконтингенту, долгое время было невозможно по причине отсутствия доступа к документам НКВД. Ситуация изменилась в постсоветский период после рассекречивания документации ГУЛАГа, когда ученые получили возможность тщательной проработки проблемы перемещения спецконтингента в общем процессе эвакуации. Рассмотрение данной темы в разрезе социальной и микроистории позволяет сместить фокус внимания с экономического измерения эвакопроцессов на мотивы и поведение людей в экстремальных условиях вынужденного перемещения

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HORNE, JOHN. "Introduction." European Review 14, no. 4 (2006): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000457.

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International trials of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide are currently a matter of considerable interest – legal, political and human. The work of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda (ICTY and ICTR), set up respectively in 1993 and 1994, and the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the Hague in 2002, have focused attention on the practice and value of such juridical processes both as forms of law and in terms of the events they address. The unexpected death of Slobodan Milosevic during his trial at the ICTY has onl

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Zhadan, Alexander V. "Activities of the NKVD of the Far East in the fight against crime in the second half of 1945." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 4 (2021): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-4-555-567.

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This article examines the causes and conditions of the aggravation of the criminal situation in the Far East in the second half of 1945 and the historical experience of local NKVD (Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs) bodies in maintaining law and order under the conditions of the Soviet-Japanese war and the first post-war period. Based on the analysis of the documentation of the NKVD departments of Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, including internal administrative documents (orders, plans, etc.), as well as materials of primary party organizations (minutes of party meetings, certific

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Symonova, Hanna. "Study on cases from national courts and international tribunals related to gender-based violence in armed conflict." Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 29, no. 3 (2024): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56215/naia-herald/3.2024.66.

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Gender-based violence in armed conflicts is on the rise, destroying the lives of victims, their families, and even communities. Investigating and prosecuting such crimes is not only a step towards justice, but also a powerful tool to prevent analogous cases in the future. The purpose of this study was to research the practice of investigating crimes related to sexual or gender-based violence by national courts and international tribunals. The study analysed the judicial practice of national courts and international tribunals, investigated the relevant scientific literature, and made a comparat

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Bubnys, Arūnas. "The 15th Lithuanian police battalion (1941–1944)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 21 (2025): 69–79. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2007.104.

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The history of the 15th Lithuanian Police Battalion can be divided into several stages: 1) the formation of the battalion in Vilnius (July 1941); 2) the service in Belarus (end of July 1941—June 1944); 3) its withdrawal to Lithuania and disbanding (July 1944). Throughout its existence the 15th Battalion was stationed almost exclusively in Belarus, guarding the railways and other objects of military importance, conveying prisoners of war, and fighting against Soviet partisans. Unlike other Lithuanian police battalions, this battalion did not commit any war crimes and was not involved in the kil

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Alzaqibh, Ahmad Aqeil Mohammad, Diala Ali Alta'ani, Ibrahim Al-Shawabkeh, and Mouaid Al Qudah. "The Legal Framework for Women Grave Violations Protection During Armed Conflicts under The International Criminal Court." Journal of Posthumanism 5, no. 5 (2025): 2386–99. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i5.1623.

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The protection of women caught up in armed conflicts is a topic of considerable importance within international law, given that women are among the most vulnerable groups of people. In the process of codifying the rules of international law, the protection of women was strengthened in many international conventions. This protection was in the form of general protection for them because they are unarmed civilians and a special protection owing to their feminine nature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the legal protection for women from grave violations during armed conflicts within the f

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Karstedt, Susanne. "“I Would Prefer to Be Famous”." International Criminal Justice Review 28, no. 4 (2018): 372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567718766404.

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The reentry of sentenced perpetrators of atrocity crimes is part and parcel of the pursuit of international and transitional justice. As men and women sentenced for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the other tribunals return from prisons into society and communities questions arise as to the impact their reentry has on deeply divided postconflict societies, in particular on victim groups. Contemporary international tribunals and courts mostly do not have penal or correctional policies of their own, and

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Davidsson, Elias. "Economic Oppression as an International Wrong or as Crime against Humanity." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 23, no. 2 (2005): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410502300202.

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The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to secure the punishment of persons who have committed the most serious crimes which ‘deeply shock the conscience of humanity’.1 Yet what shocks the ‘conscience of humanity’ and what leaves people yawning, depends to a large extent on how mass media select and present facts. While millions of innocent human beings have been killed and maimed over the last century in armed conflict and by mass killing, the overwhelming majority of those who fall victim to adverse human agency are not injured by proximate violence but as a result of being co

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Dizdarević, Ismet. "The feeling of guilt and remorse among those who planned and committed genocide." Zbornik radova Islamskog pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici (Online), no. 2 (December 15, 2004): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2004.215.

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During WWII the German fascists committed genocide against the non-Germanic peoples, especially the Jews. Many innocent people were expelled from their homes, physically and psychologically tortured, and a great number of them were hanged or burned alive. During the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina a far more atrocious genocide was committed against the Bosniaks. The Serb nationalists mercilessly persecuted the Bosniaks, tortured them in concentration camps and prisons, and killed them in large numbers. The only crime of the Bosniaks was that they were “guilty” for being who they always we

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Зеленская, Юлия Николаевна. "CRIMES AGAINST THE CIVIL POPULATION IN THE TERRITORY OF THE OCCUPIED REGIONS OF THE KFSSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BY THE EXAMPLE OF KINDASOVSKY CONCENTRATION CAMP)." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: История, no. 4(64) (December 28, 2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vthistory/2022.4.043-058.

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В статье на основе рассекреченных документов архива Управления Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации по Республике Карелия и Национального архива Республики Карелия представлена картина лагерного быта заключенных Киндасовского концентрационного лагеря тюремного типа. Лагерь находился на территории Пряжинского района Карело-Финской ССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны и предназначался для «неблагонадежных» советских граждан. На основании протоколов допросов и воспоминаний узников удалось установить распорядок дня, условия труда и отдыха, рацион питания, отношение руководства и

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