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Journal articles on the topic 'Prisoners of war – Germany – Correspondence'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kokebayeva, G. K. "THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONERS OF WAR ON THE SOVIET-GERMAN FRONT." History of the Homeland 94, no. 2 (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2021_2_101.

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The article deals with the problem of determining the international legal status of prisoners of war on the Soviet-German front. The object of the study is the telegrams and letters of the governments of the USSR and Nazi Germany to the embassies of neutral countries. The Hague Convention of 1907 and the Geneva Convention of 1929 provided real protection to prisoners of war. The Soviet government did not recognize the international treaties concluded by the former Russian governments, including The Hague Convention of 1907, and also did not join The Geneva Convention of 1929. The outbreak of h

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Dulatov, B. K. "POSTAL CORRESPONDENCE OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN AND GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE OMSK MILITARY DISTRICT AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE CONDITIONS OF THEIR DETENTION IN CAPTIVITY." Rusin, no. 60 (2020): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/6.

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Drawing on the archives, the author analyses the reports of military censorship commission members, whose official function was to systematise and analyse the personal correspondence of Austro-Hungarian and German prisoners of the First World War. The letters of soldiers and officers to their families and friends are reflective of the captivity hardships they had to face in the Russian camps. Of particular scientific interest is the information about their daily life, political stance, contacts with the locals and social adaptation. The author describes different attitudes of the prisoners of

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Öktem, Emre, and Alexandre Toumarkine. "Will the Trojan War take place? Violations of the rules of war and the Battle of the Dardanelles (1915)." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 900 (2015): 1047–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383116000503.

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AbstractThe Battle of the Dardanelles is one of the key episodes of World War I on the Ottoman front between the British, the French, the Australians and New Zealanders on the one side, and the Ottoman army under German command on the other. Immediately after the Great War, the former belligerents engaged in another war, which protracts up until the present day: allegations of violations of the rules of war are mutually addressed, in order to become a salient element of political propaganda. Through the analysis of the major controversial issues (use of dum-dum bullets and asphyxiating gases,

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Bakhturina, Alexandra Yu. "Documents from the Latvian State Historical Archive on the Situation of German Citizens in Riga at the Beginning of the First World War." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2020): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-368-379.

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The article discusses the information potential of the documents from the Latvian Historical Archive for studying policy of the Russian government towards subjects of adversary states in the First World War. Citizens of Germany and Austria-Hungary who were in Russian regions, where at the beginning of the First World War the martial law was imposed, were subject to administrative deportation to the Central and Eastern gubernias of the Russian Empire as prisoners of war. This problem is being studied mainly on the basis of documents from the central archives, which does not permit to reconstruc

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Kolpakov, P. A., and R. A. Arslanov. "Counterintelligence Activities of Gendarmerie Railway Police before and during World War I." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 10 (2023): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-360-377.

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The article analyzes the role of the gendarmerie railway police in the system of counterintelligence agencies in the Russian Empire before and during World War I. Based on documentary materials, the goals of enemy espionage on railways are revealed. Measures taken by the gendarmerie to restrict photography of railway infrastructure are examined. Through analysis of secret correspondence between gendarmerie leaders and railway department heads, categories of individuals most actively recruited by German and Austro-Hungarian intelligence for espionage are identified: prisoners of war, foreign na

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Raudsepp, Anu. "Erakirjad infoallikana Eesti ja Lääne vahel stalinismist sulani (1946–1959) [Abstract: Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2018.4.01.

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Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959 After the Second World War, the Iron Curtain isolated Estonia from the rest of the world for a long time, separating many Estonian families from one another. Up to 80,000 Estonians fled from Estonia to the West due to the Second World War. Information on Estonia and the West was distorted by way of propaganda and censorship until the end of the Soviet occupation. The situation was at its most complicated during the Stalinist years, when information and the

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Malahovskis, Vladislavs. "HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CRIMINAL CASE’S NO. 31 MATERIALS DEALING WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF THE AUDRINI VILLAGE’S INHABITANTS BY NAZI GERMANY’S OCCUPATION POWER." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 86 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i86.4018.

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Audrini has been an administrative center in Rezekne region since 1990. Before the Second World War, Audrini was one of the villages in Makaseni rural municipality populated by old believers. The tragedy of Audrini is destruction of Audrini inhabitants by Nazi German occupation institutions (22.12.1941. – 01.04.1942). Escaped prisoners of Red Army were hidden in the village. The Nazis burnt down village buildings. In the Ancupanu hills, arrested inhabitants of the village were shot; 30 men – inhabitants of Audrini – were publicly shot at the Marketplace in Rezekne. The punishment action was do

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8

Mędykowski, Witold. "Losy Żydów – oficerów Wojska Polskiego w Oflagu II C Woldenberg w świetle wspomnień Mariana Palenkera." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 25, no. 4 (2024): 211–42. https://doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2024.4(290).0007.

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Marian Palenker, born in Kraków of Jewish origin, served as a non-commissioned officer during World War I and the Polish-Russian War. In September 1939, after the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski, he was taken prisoner by the Germans and held in POW camps in Arnswalde and Woldenberg. Palenker presented his experiences in the camp and the correspondence he had with his wife, who was in the Warsaw ghetto at the time. Together with other POWs, he was evacuated to the Oflag in Lübeck at the end of the war, where he was liberated by the British. In 1957, Palenker emigrated to Israel.

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Grady, Tim. "British prisoners of war in First World War Germany." First World War Studies 10, no. 2-3 (2019): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2020.1774123.

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MACKENZIE, S. P. "BRITISH PRISONERS OF WAR IN NAZI GERMANY." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 28, no. 109 (2003): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2003.17.

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Sribniak, Milana. "Ukrainian Diplomacy in the Process of Repatriating Ukrainian Prisoners of War from the Territories of Germany and Austro-Hungary (1918-1919)." Facta Simonidis 14, no. 1 (2021): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/fs.23.

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Signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the Ukrainian People’s Republic (URP) triggered the process of repatriating Ukrainian prisoners of war from Ukrainian and multinational camps in Austro-Hungary and Germany. In order to facilitate the process, the Ukrainian government sent military and sanitary missions to those countries. Unfortunately, the Ukrainian prisoners’ mass repatriation in 1918 was seriously impeded by the fact that a considerable number of them worked at industrial plants in Germany and Austro-Hungary, and there was no one to replace them. In 1919, Ukrainian diplomats did not ha

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Tininis, Vytautas. "Šiauliai Labour Camp No. 294 of Prisoners of War of Germany and its Allies (1945–1948)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 36 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2014.203.

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At the end of the Soviet-German war, in spring 1945, labour camps for prisoners of war of Germany and its allies were set up in Lithuania. One of them – was Šiauliai Labour Camp No. 294, which consisted of six divisions: Akmenė, Bačiūnai, Panevėžys, Pavenčiai, Radviliškis, and Šiauliai. In June 1945, 8,256 prisoners of war were imprisoned in Šiauliai Labour Camp and its divisions; on 1 January 1946, there were 5,714 prisoners remaining and on 1 June – 5,048 (4,363 worked outside the boundaries of the camp); and on 1 March 1947 – 2,583 prisoners. They were rebuilding the city of Šiauliai destro

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Apendiyev T.А. and Abdukadyrov N.М. "DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR GERMANY AND AUSTRIA – HUNGARY PRISONERS OF THE AULIEATA COUNTY." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.27.

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The First World War was the largest event in the history of mankind, which had a significant impact on the fate of many peoples, including states. One of the main factors was the capture of troops and individuals on the front of the war between warring states and the flight of soldiers as a result of the war. During the war, neighboring states, political allies captured each other's armies and citizens. The capture of citizens of each other took place between the Entente and the central powers. The Russian Empire, which was part of the Entente and was considered the main participant in the war

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14

Reznick, Jeffrey S. "Oliver Wilkinson. British Prisoners of War in First World War Germany." American Historical Review 124, no. 1 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy515.

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Timofeeva, Natal’ya P. "SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR IN GERMANY: COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES OF THE FIRST POST-WAR YEARS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-4-108-118.

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The paper presents an important part of the Soviet memory policy in Germany in 1945–1949 – the activities of the Soviet military to identify and record the graves, as well as to establish the identity of the Soviet citizens who have died in captivity – the prisoners of war and the so-called “Eastern workers”. It was also of great importance to record the atrocities committed by the Nazis against Soviet citizens. The article shows the process of forming a system of interaction between the Soviet military and the German local self-governing authorities, as well as the allies in the anti-Hitler c

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Ljubin, Valeriy P. "SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR IN GERMANY, 1941–1945 – AN UNDESIRABLE TOPIC FOR GERMAN SOCIETY?" RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 2 (2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-2-105-116.

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In German and Russian historiography, the tragic fate of the Soviet prisoners of war in Germany during the Second World War has not been suffi- ciently explored. Very few researchers have addressed this topic in recent times. In the contemporary German society, the subject remains obscured. There are attempts to reflect this tragedy in documentary films. The author analyses the destiny of the documentary film “Keine Kameraden”, which was shot in 2011 and has not yet been shown on the German television. It tells the story of the Soviet prisoners of war, most of whom died in the Nazi concentrati

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Gilyazov, I. A. "Scholars in the service of war: The censorship of letters by Tatar prisoners of war in Germany during World War I." Tatarica 23, no. 2 (2024): 81–93. https://doi.org/10.26907/2311-2042-2024-23-2-81-93.

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The article examines one of the interesting and little-known episodes from the history of World War I, telling about orientalist scholars involved in censoring letters from prisoners of war in German camps. This large-scale involvement of scholars in the censorship of letters from prisoners of war was a forced measure, since the military censors did not speak oriental languages. Among such letters, there were many written in the Tatar language, which was not taught at German universities before World War I. It can be assumed that it was the censorship of letters from prisoners of war in the Ta

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18

Thorne, Jessica. "Anarchist Prisoner Networks in Franco’s Spain and the Forging of the New Left in Europe." European History Quarterly 54, no. 1 (2023): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914231214933.

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This article explores the little-known but formative networks developing across the 1960s between anarchist political prisoners in Franco's Spain and emerging activists of the European New Left. As social change accelerated, these prisoners broke with the out-of-touch anarchist leadership-in-exile to connect with a new generation of activists inside and outside Spain. The article uses prisoner correspondence and prisoner-aid bulletins to reconstruct these informational networks, and argues they were an important element in the ‘global rupture of 1968’. It posits that anarchist prisoners’ input

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Sturma, Michael. "Japanese Treatment of Allied Prisoners During the Second World War: Evaluating the Death Toll." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (2019): 514–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419843335.

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The high death rate of Allied prisoners of war in the Pacific compared with those in Europe is commonly used to signify the barbarous way in which the Japanese fought the Second World War. This study examines the extent to which ‘friendly fire’ inflated the death rate of Allied prisoners under the Japanese, and evaluates more broadly the perceived disparity between Japanese and German treatment of Allied prisoners of war (POWs). Four broad conclusions are drawn. First, that while Allied submarine and air attacks elevated the deaths rate of Allied prisoners held by the Japanese, even if these a

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Perevoshchikov, D. V. "Soviet Prisoners of War in Romanian Camps in 1941–1944." Russia: Society, Politics, History, no. 1(14) (April 30, 2025): 91–106. https://doi.org/10.56654/ropi-2025-1(14)-91-106.

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The article deals with basic aspects of the problem that involves the process of the stay of Soviet prisoners of war in Romanian camps during Second World War. The research was carried out on the basis of the archival documents. A part of the materials was included in science use for the first time. The largest Romanian camps for Soviet prisoners of war represented in the paper. The issue about incarceration conditions, feed of the inmates touched in the research. Generally, the position of prisoners of war in the camp was hard. Partly it happened because of seriously dependency of the guide R

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Gagkuyev, Ruslan. "The German Threat in Siberia as a Factor in the Beginning of the Intervention of the Entente Countries in Eastern Russia in 1918." ISTORIYA 16, no. 1 (147) (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840034534-6.

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The article tells about the perception of the Entente countries of the Central Powers&apos; prisoners of war taken prisoner by the Russian army during the First World War and held in concentration camps in Siberia and the Far East. Information is given about the number of prisoners of war of the German Empire and its allies imprisoned in concentration camps in the east of Russia in 1918—1919, the question of their participation as volunteers in the Civil War in the Red Army units is analysed. Much attention is paid to the reports of diplomatic and military representatives of the Entente co

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Krivonozhenko, A. F. "Prisoners of War in Olonets Province at the End of World War I: the Problem of Naturalization and Repatriation." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 1 (33) (2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(1).67-76.

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There were many German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in the Olonets province during the World War I. Their appearance here related to the construction of the Murmansk railway. In addition, local factories needed labor. The conditions of the prisoners' existence in the northern province were extremely difficult. The transition to Russian citizenship was regarded as one of the ways to improve their situation. However, the tsarist government systematically refused the prisoners their petitions. The policy of the Russian Provisional Government in this matter has not changed either. The Bol

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Lazarenko, Elena I. "The condition of Russian World War I prisoners of war in foreign camps (based on materials of personal origin)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 1 (2022): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-201-209.

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The situation of Russian World War I prisoners of war in the camps of the Quadruple Alliance countries is described. The relevance of the research lies in the study of the problem of captivity and comparison of the treatment of Russian prisoners of war in Germany and Turkey, using the preserved testimony of witnesses of the events of past years: diplomats, Russian soldiers who found themselves in German and Turkish captivity. The aim of the study is based on the analysis of previously unexamined documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, letters and memos. During the study, it w

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Paliienko, Maryna, and Ihor Sribnyak. "Book movement at Ukrainian prisoners' of war camps in Germany during World War I." Rukopisna ta knižkova spadŝina Ukraïni, no. 25 (October 27, 2020): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rksu.25.163.

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Kokebayeva, G. K., and E. I. Stamshalov. "FORMATION OF MILITARY UNITS FROM SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR IN GERMANY." History of the Homeland 98, no. 2 (2022): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_151.

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There are problems in the history of World War II that at certain periods of modern history have been a stumbling block for researchers seeking impartial study and objective interpretation of historical events and phenomena. Someof these problems, in particular the history of the creation of military units from Soviet prisoners of war, served as a pretext for political repression during the Stalinist period. In Soviet historiography, the initiative to create military formations from Soviet POWs was prescribed to emigrants who had left for European countries in the early years of the establishm

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Geerling, Wayne, Gary B. Magee, and Russell Smyth. "Sentencing, Judicial Discretion, and Political Prisoners in Pre-War Nazi Germany." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 46, no. 4 (2016): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00903.

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The tools of econometric analysis and inferential statistics reveal that senior Nazi-era judges in pre-war Germany exhibited statistically significant levels of discretion in their sentencing of individuals convicted of high treason or treason. In fact, some of these judges, though appointed to the People’s Court to serve the Nazi state, were inclined to show relative leniency, within certain political limits, when taking into account the characteristics, backgrounds, affiliations, actions, and experiences of those whom they convicted. A modicum of judicial autonomy can co-exist with dictators

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Pastushenko, T. "Wartime justice in nazi Germany: soviet prisoners of war and Civilians." Pages of Military History of Ukraine, no. 28 (September 19, 2024): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sviu.2024.28.181.

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Rebkalo, M. M., and V. S. Oliinyk. "CORRESPONDENCE OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS (1949) WITH THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND MILITARY LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE: LEGAL ANALYSIS." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 1 (2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.019.

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The essence of the Geneva Conventions (1949), which deal with the protection of persons under the rule of the protecting state during the war are summarized in the article. The correspondence of the norms of the constitutional legislation of Ukraine with the Geneva Conventions (1949) in the context of such values as freedom, non-discrimination, justice, responsibility is studied. It is found out that the Constitution of Ukraine and some constitutional laws contain norms concerning the rights and freedoms of persons, including war prisoners and civilians, who needs protection. These norms coinc

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Mykhailiuk, Maryna. "The Influence of Nazi Legal Field on the Fate of Soviet Jewish Prisoners of War in Occupied Ukraine (1941–1942)." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 74 (2024): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2024.74.22.

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The article is devoted to the influence of the legislation of the Third Reich on the fate of Soviet-Jewish prisoners of war who were in the camps of occupied Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity; general historical methods (chronological, problem-thematic, analytical); the use of interdisciplinary approaches at the intersection of world history, psychology, ideology, the history of Ukraine, military affairs; memories of those who survived the war. The scientific novelty lies in the formulation of the question, since the fate of Soviet Jews

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Ulmschneider, Katharina, and Sally Crawford. "Post-War Identity and Scholarship: The Correspondence of Paul Jacobsthal and Gero von Merhart at the Institute of Archaeology, Oxford." European Journal of Archaeology 14, no. 1-2 (2011): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146195711798369319.

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Archives form a valuable but under-researched resource for mapping the development of prehistoric archaeology as a discipline in post-war Europe. New work on the previously un-catalogued archives of Professor Paul Jacobsthal at the Institute of Archaeology, Oxford, exemplify the opportunities offered by archival research. Here, we focus on the correspondence between Professor Jacobsthal of Marburg University, who sought refuge in Oxford before the war, and his colleague, Professor Merhart, who remained in Germany. The surviving personal correspondence between Germany and Oxford from 1936 to 19

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Höhn, Maria. "Frau im Haus und Girl im Spiegel: Discourse on Women in the Interregnum Period of 1945–1949 and the Question of German Identity." Central European History 26, no. 1 (1993): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019968.

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Defeat after the Second World War was complete for Germany, and life for the civilian population was grim. In one of Erich Kästner's poems, read at a 1947 theater production, a war widow laments that “ganz Deutschland ist ein Wartesaal mit Millionen von Frauen.” Indeed, in 1945 there were approximately seven million more women in Germany than men. More than three million German soldiers were killed in the war. Seven million German soldiers were still prisoners of war, leaving their wives and families to fend for themselves in the rubble heaps of the German cities. Adding to the hardship of the

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Lewandowsky, Stephan, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Klaus Oberauer, and Michael Morales. "Memory for Fact, Fiction, and Misinformation." Psychological Science 16, no. 3 (2005): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00802.x.

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Media coverage of the 2003 Iraq War frequently contained corrections and retractions of earlier information. For example, claims that Iraqi forces executed coalition prisoners of war after they surrendered were retracted the day after the claims were made. Similarly, tentative initial reports about the discovery of weapons of mass destruction were all later disconfirmed. We investigated the effects of these retractions and disconfirmations on people's memory for and beliefs about war-related events in two coalition countries (Australia and the United States) and one country that opposed the wa

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Hachtmann, Rüdiger. "Fordism and Unfree Labour: Aspects of the Work Deployment of Concentration Camp Prisoners in German Industry between 1941 and 1944." International Review of Social History 55, no. 3 (2010): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000416.

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SummaryThis article examines the relationship between Fordism and unfree labour in Nazi Germany. Fordism is understood here as a form of workplace rationalization (especially assembly-line production), but also as a “technology of domination” and an “exploitation innovation”. In contrast to the Weimar Republic, Fordism was established in broad sectors of German industry under Nazi rule in the form of “war Fordism”. In order to examine the connections between the specific historical variants of these two apparently contradictory production regimes – Fordism and forced labour – the article focus

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Trifonova-Schneider, Elka. "The First World War and the Prisoner of War Camps in Germany. Main Features." Bulgaria, the Bulgarians and Europe - Myth, History, Modernity 17, no. 1 (2025): 178–87. https://doi.org/10.54664/rvlu1955.

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The First World War was the most dramatic event for humanity in the early decades of the twentieth century. The armed conflict, which has been going on for more than four years, has had immeasurable economic consequences, territorial claims, social upheavals and ideologies. It leaves a fateful and irreparable impact on people‘s lives and future generations. With the outbreak of the war, there is also the appearance of many prisoners of war. A massive phenomenon for the Entente and Central Powers. The largest number of prisoner of war camps were formed on the territory of the German Empire. Str

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Sribnyak, I., and S. Holosko. "«Submit to your friends particle of mental consolation and oblivion for their own trouble»: the Camp Newspaper of Ukrainian War Prisoners of «Vilne Slovo» (Salzwedel, Germany) in 1916-1917." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-5.

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The article reproduces the history of the publication of the prison community of Ukrainian warriors-prisoners in Salzwedel “Vilne Slovo” (“Free Word”) in 1916-1917, which regularly informed the prisoners about events in the world and Ukraine, the situation on the fronts of the First World War, includes information on news of social and cultural life in the occupied Ukrainian lands. The newspaper succeeded in significantly influencing the formation of the national consciousness of the prisoners, with its materials, it managed to raise thousands of conscious Ukrainians in the camp of Salzwedel.

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Graham-Dixon, Francis. "British Justice in Western Germany, 1949-55." Social and Education History 2, no. 3 (2013): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/hse.2013.14.

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Britain did not release its final two prisoners from the prison it administered in West Germany until July 1957, eight years after the formation of the Federal Republic and the formal ending of its military rule. By 1949, Germany, once the enemy of Europe assumed greater strategic significance in the minds of western politicians seeking its reintegration within a new European family of nations to forestall fears of Soviet hegemony, not least because it now wanted to re-arm West Germany. The continuing incarceration of German war criminals had become a lesser priority in the battleground of Col

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Althöfer, Ingo. "Computer Chess and Chess Computers in East Germany." ICGA Journal 42, no. 2-3 (2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-200163.

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After World War II, Germany was split into four occupation zones, from which two states arose in 1949: West Germany (officially called FRG) and East Germany (officially GDR). East Germany was under Soviet control until 1989. In both states, computer chess and chess computers followed interesting, but rather different paths. We give an overview of East German developments: on commercial chess computers, problem chess programs, the book of 1987, the Serfling tournaments, and correspondence chess pioneer Heinrich Burger. There exist important interrelations between topics. The starting point is a

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KATTABEKOVA, N., and Sh NURMANOVA. "INFORMATION ABOUT THE FATE OF MUSTAFA SHOKAI AND PRISONERS OF WAR." Turkic historical studies 1, no. 1 (2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2024-1/3007-6366.03.

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In the article, 1941-1945. The story tells about the fate of the Kazakhs who were captured by Germany during the war, how the Nazis, who forced them to serve themselves, created the Turkestan Legion. Particular attention was paid to the fate of those who were captured and returned to their country. It is dedicated to the history of millions of soldiers of the Soviet army who were captured by the Germans during the Second World War. It is said that the conclusions were made based on the data of the studies that analyzed the illegal actions used against the prisoners of war. The fact that there

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Dimić, Natalija. "CONNECTING TRADE AND POLITICS: NEGOTIATIONS ON THE RELEASE OF THE GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN YUGOSLAVIA AND THE FIRST WEST GERMAN-YUGOSLAV TRADE AGREEMENT OF 1949/1950." Istorija 20. veka 39, no. 2/2021 (2021): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2021.2.dim.333-352.

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After repatriations were officially over in January of 1949, around 1,400 German prisoners remained in Yugoslavia on charges of war crimes. Yugoslavia’s foreign political shift westward following the Cominform Resolution of 1948, paved the way for establishing productive economic, as well as political and cultural cooperation with West Germany. The first trade agreement between the two states was signed in December of 1949. In the next four months, the West German Government attempted to pressure the Yugoslav side to release the remaining German prisoners by not ratifying the agreement. Eventu

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Jopp, Tobias A. "War, Coal, and Forced Labor: Assessing the Impact of Prisoner-of-War Employment on Coal Mine Productivity in World War I Germany." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 3 (2021): 763–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000310.

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This paper assesses the causal relationship between POW assignments and labor productivity for a vital sector of the German World War I economy, namely coal mining. Prisoners of war (POWs) provided significant labor. Combining data on all Ruhr mines with a treatment-effects approach, I find that POW employment alone accounted for 36 percent of the average POW-employing mine’s annual productivity decline over wartime. Estimates also suggest that the representative POW’s productivity averaged 32 percent of the representative regular miner’s productivity and that POWs’ contribution to wartime coa

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MOORE-COLYER, R. J. "The Call to the Land: British and European Adult Voluntary Farm Labour; 1939–49." Rural History 17, no. 1 (2006): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793305001615.

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As the armed forces continued to siphon away labour from the land following the outbreak of the war, the Ministry of Agriculture's County War Agricultural Executive Committees were hard put to meet the demand for labour to sustain the plough-up campaign. While schoolchildren made a major contribution, there were few prisoners-of-war before the North African campaign and volunteers from all walks of life were sought to attend harvest camps, weekend farm clubs and other land-based activities. At the end of the war the Ministry of Agriculture turned to mainland Europe for volunteers to work towar

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Donson, A. "Violence against Prisoners of War in the First World War: Britain, France and Germany, 1914-1920." German History 30, no. 3 (2011): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghr118.

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TUDORANCEA, Radu. "Prizonierii de război români aflați în captivitate otomană." Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Contemporană 23 (March 25, 2025): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.62616/smic.2024.23.02.

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This article examines a lesser-known dimension of Romania's participation to the First World War: the fate of the Romanian prisoners of war held in captivity by the authorities of the Ottoman Empire. The research combines archival sources with memoirs and war journals of former combatants who survived WWI captivity. The analysis focuses on several factors: contemporary international legislation on rights and duties regarding the POW status; the context of their captivity; the conditions in POWs camps; official initiatives to improve the status of the POWs (including payments for the officers a

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Ivanov, Vyacheslav A. "The Struggle of Soviet Prisoners of War Against the Nazi Occupiers of Sevastopol in 1943–1944." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v317.

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The paper deals with one of the little-studied issues in the history of the resistance movement during the Great Patriotic War, namely, the participation of Soviet prisoners of war in the anti-fascist struggle in the ranks of the Communist underground organization in occupied Sevastopol in 1943–1944. The purpose of this article was to study the formation and structure of the aforementioned organization, as well as the involvement in the antifascist struggle of Soviet prisoners of war, and to identify the effect of their activities on the general course of the anti-Hitler struggle in occupied C

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Desideri, Paola, and Mariapia D’Angelo. "The voice of the great war: italian prisoners’ letters collected by Leo Spitzer." Linguistica 58, no. 1 (2019): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.58.1.271-282.

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From September 1915 until the end of the First World War, the Viennese Romance scholar Leo Spitzer was dispatched to the Censorship section of the Austrian Central Bureau of Information on Prisoners-of-War, where he was in charge of examining the correspondence of the Italian prisoners. In the unusual dual role of censor and philologist, he was the first to collect extensive documentation of popular Italian written texts during a crucial period of Italian linguistic history. The first part of the present paper focuses on the linguistic and communicative properties of the letters included and a

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Sribnyak, Ihor. "«...Out of the earned money from a sincere heart, I donate to orphans»: charitable assistance to Ukrainian prisoners of war from camp Rastatt and pows' charitable activities (1915-1918)." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 27 (2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-27-46-56.

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The article deals with the peculiarities of providing charitable assistance to captive Ukrainians from the Rastatt camp (Germany), as well as the specifics of the charitable activities of the camps. The prisoners Ukrainians have often acted as donors, raising funds for different national needs, for patients in the camp infirmary and so on. However, the prisoners did not refuse assistance to the Germans themselves – donating money to the German orphans of war and to the needs of the German Red Cross. Numerous donations have been made to build a monument that forever etched in stone the memory o

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Kren, George M., Gerhard Hirschfeld, and Wolfgang J. Mommsen. "The Policies of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany." American Historical Review 92, no. 4 (1987): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1864046.

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Fein, Helen, and Gerhard Hirschfeld. "The Policies of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 5 (1987): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069774.

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Gellately, Robert, and Gerhard Hirschfeld. "The Policies of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany." German Studies Review 10, no. 2 (1987): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431140.

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Fox, J. P. "The Policies of Genocide: Jews and Soviet Prisoners of War in Nazi Germany." German History 6, no. 1 (1988): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/6.1.106.

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