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1
Aristov, Stanislav V., and Valentina N. Aristova. "The role of communication in the survival of Nazi concentration camp prisoners." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 480 (2023): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/10.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the communication of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps as one of the factors in the prisoners' struggle for life in extreme conditions. The sources of the research are materials from Russian and foreign archives: the State Archive of the Russian Federation (Russia), the Yad Vashem Archive (Israel), the Security Service Archive (Ukraine), the Holocaust Memorial Archive (USA), the Bundesarchive (Germany), as well as published memoirs and interviews of former prisoners. In particular, the authors analyzed the testimony of former prisoners, criminal cases against the concentration camps' administrative and security personnel convicted in the course of post-war trials. As a result of their research, the authors concluded that language ability and communication played a critical role in the rescue of prisoners. If prisoners spoke several languages, mastered the internal camp jargon, and also managed to build communication with representatives of the camp administration, functionary prisoners and ordinary prisoners, their chances of survival increased significantly. If adaptation to the camp's linguistic realities did not take place, prisoners had practically no opportunity to escape. The authors examine the characteristics that determined the framework of the camp community, among which the main were Nazi ideological attitudes, as well as prisoners' pre-camp experience. They thoroughly analyze German and camp jargon - the languages that, if mastered, determined prisoners' survival. The authors show how German changed due to lexical and semantic neologisms and the role it played in prisoners' subjugation, demonstrate that the camp jargon developed in several directions - the formation of a single lingua franca and the formation of jargon in national groups of prisoners, and also pay particular attention to the role that translators played in the camp life. The authors characterize the basic models of camp communication: “SS man - ordinary prisoner”, “SS man - camp functionary”, “representative of the camp ‘elite' - ordinary prisoner”, “prisoner - prisoner”, “prisoner - civilian worker”, and note the possibility (or impossibility) of prisoners within each of them to be saved. Finally, the authors describe the role of communication in organizing the underground Resistance, in order not only to survive, but also to actively resist the Nazi terror.
2
Tarasov, Maxim Yu. "A New Element in the Extradition Procedure." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/29.
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The aim of the article is to justify a new element in the procedure for the extradition of a person for criminal prosecution or sentence execution. This element is the checking for compliance with internationally recognized standards of the conditions of the possible detention before trial, incarceration, as well as during transfer, in the country this person is extradited to. The source basis of the study were materials of the European Court of Human Rights, courts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, materials of checks of confinement conditions in Russian penitentiary institutions. Materials of checks of confinement conditions in specific penitentiary institutions have been supplemented with materials of checks of conditions for transferring prisoners in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the application of the method of participatory observation expressed in the collection of factual material during direct participation in the work of the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation in organizing checks by foreign experts of the confinement conditions of prisoners when deciding on extradition. Methods of observation, interviewing, experiment, analysis, comparison, and others were also used. The analysis of the available materials and the author’s own practice showed that foreign partners began to actively use information about unsatisfactory confinement conditions in prisons in specific cases as a basis for refusal to extradite people to Russia. When deciding on the extradition of persons detained at the request of the Russian side for criminal prosecution, the practice of foreign partners has introduced the organization of regular checks of the alleged confinement conditions in the Russian Federation on specific criminal cases in relation to specific persons. In order to overcome the emerging problems, on a contractual basis, foreign authoritative specialists are organizing inspections of the conditions in various penitentiary institutions. The results of such inspections in specific penitentiary institutions are of direct importance in matters of extradition in specific cases. On the basis of this material, the need was justified to include an additional element in the theoretical and legislative model of extradition, which no one has yet mentioned in the legal literature – checking the conditions of the possible detention of the extradited person before trial and incarceration. In order to overcome the negative trends, a set of measures at three different levels has been proposed to bring the conditions of the person extradited during the transfer to Russia in line with internationally recognized standards.
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Skiba, Andrey, and Natalia Maloletkinа. "Prevention of Offences Committed by Convicted Prisoners of War: Problems of International Law, Penitentiary and Other Legal Regulation." Russian Journal of Criminology 16, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2022.16(4).522-528.
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The goal of the article is to prove the necessity of forming in Russia a legal basis for a complex correctional-preventive influence on convicted prisoners of war due to their higher danger, relevant professional skills, and specific individual characteristics. Focusing the attention of Russian lawmakers on the legal regulation of key means of correcting convicts (definition of the concept of correction, a list of its means and then only a partial description of the contents of some of them) does not result in the creation of an interconnected system aimed at the prevention of penitentiary crimes, malicious violations and other offences committed by convicts. Although the prevention of new offences by convicts is one of the goals of penitentiary legislation, the Penitentiary Code of the Russian Federation does not include the means of achieving it, and the preventive significance of various penological and inter-sectoral institutions used in the context of convicts correction and early release from serving a sentence is not sufficiently described and implemented. The authors conclude that there is no due legal regulation of the treatment of prisoners of war in Russian legislation, including the Federal Constitutional Law «On Martial Law» and the Penitentiary Code of the Russian Federation, and that it is necessary to take into consideration the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War to improve the effectiveness of preventing offences committed by convicted prisoners of war. A number of clauses of the abovementioned international document present interest for the improvement of penitentiary and other Russian legislation, including a prohibition of the repatriation of prisoners of war in cases of a self-inflicted injury, gaining access to spiritual help from a religious organization only if the prisoners behavior is lawful, a possibility of preliminary detention before the imposition of penalty, the use of other measures by the state agencies of the Detaining Power, and well as by other international and national public organizations when convicted prisoners of war are isolated through their internment.
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Gushchyn, О., and D. Kyryshun. "Prisoners of war legal regime in Russia-Ukraine conflict." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 4 (52) (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.52.43-49.
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The article examines the content of the legal regime defined by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 and the First Additional Protocol of 1977 regarding the treatment of prisoners of war. The content of the obligations of the subjects of international relations for the implementation of the norms and principles of IHL was studied. The results of the implementation activities of Ukraine and the Russian Federation before the start of full-scale aggression and after it were analyzed. Attention is paid to the importance of researching the content of the updated 2020 Commentary to the Third Geneva Convention and its implementation into national legislation. The content of the main principles of International Humanitarian Law regarding the treatment of prisoners of war is described in detail. It is noted that the level of effectiveness of compliance with the norms and principles of IHL during the conflict depends on the completeness of the implementation. As of February 2022, both states were not ready to fulfill their obligations to comply with GCIII. Ukraine, as a party to the conflict, quickly began implementation activities and adopted a number of acts on the treatment of prisoners of war, including a national information bureau. On the other hand, the Russian Federation did not and still does not intend to initiate similar implementation measures. The problem of the procedure of activating the legal regimes "state of war" and "martial law" by political leadership of Ukraine, as well as the formal recognition of the existence of an international armed conflict, is considered. The National Information Bureau in Ukraine was created and started its activities. In Russia internal legal and political discourse still does not recognize the existence of an armed conflict which hinders the implementation process.
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Antipov, Aleksey N. "International Prisoner Treatment Standards: For and Against." Criminal-Executory System: law, economics, management 6 (October 29, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4438-2020-6-3-6.
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Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe at the end of the XX century predetermined the convergence and divergence processes of international and Russian law, led to the implementation of European standards and rules for the treatment of prisoners in Russian legislation, and established Russia’s obligation to implement the decisions of the European court of human rights. However, it was not the lack of scientific and economic justification for some of the proposed changes and additions that created an inappropriate result, situations that are not typical of Russia and in some cases contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
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Zarubina, K. A. "AUE* Movement as a Criminal Phenomenon that Determines the Development of Professional Crime: the Essence and Methods of Struggle* The organization is banned in the Russian Federation." Siberian Law Herald 2 (2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.2.72.
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The article highlights the development and activities of such informal youth movement as «the criminal unity of Prisoners»,«the urkagan unity of Prisoners» or «the way of life of Prisoners is one» (hereinafter-AUE), which supports, promotes and develops the ideology of criminal «romance», criminal subculture. The main reasons for the formation of the informal youth movement in Russia and the version of the concept of AUE are considered. The main features of AUE associations are investigated: stability; stability of the composition (2 or more persons); common intent of members of associations aimed at preparing and committing crimes of extremist orientation (on the ideological component); coordination of actions of members of the Association; main-taining and promoting a criminal subculture; the presence of an organizer (leader) in the Association, connections with the criminal world, etc. The article studies the influence of this criminal phenomenon on the behavior of modern youth, as well as on the development of crime in modern Russia, including one of its most dangerous varieties - professional criminal activity. The main problems of bringing persons belonging to the AUE movement to administrative and criminal responsibility are considered. The article analyzes the activities of members of AUE associations in terms of extremism, as well as the possibility of bringing persons belonging to AUE associations to criminal responsibility under article 282.1 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation. As a practical conclusion, a list of signs of AUE associations that a law enforcement officer can refer to when qualifying crimes under article 282.1 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation is presented.
7
Chechelnitskiy, I. V. "International Activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation: Content, Problems, Prospects." Lex Russica 77, no. 7 (July 24, 2024): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2024.212.7.070-085.
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The paper analyzes the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation in the field of international cooperation on the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms from theoretical and practical standpoints. The author pays special attention to the place and role of the institution of the public defender of human rights during armed conflicts. The author considers state human rights activities related to international cooperation in the field of human rights in the context of the following four main sections: interaction with international organizations; cooperation with ombudsmen of foreign countries; protection of the rights of Russian citizens abroad; protection of the rights of foreign citizens located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes such new formats of state human rights activities as conducting a dialogue with the ombudsmen of «unfriendly states» with which there are no diplomatic relations, including during armed conflicts, on issues of assistance to Russian citizens whose rights are violated on the territory of these states; organizing work on family reunification, who find themselves on different sides of the contact line; the Ombudsman’s participation in the exchange of prisoners carried out by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the search for missing persons during armed conflicts; mutual visits to prisoners with ombudsmen of foreign states and the organization of the transfer of parcels for them from relatives; interaction of the Commissioner with the International Committee of the Red Cross on assistance in visiting prisoners, searching for missing servicemen; the Commissioner’s interaction with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in providing assistance to citizens evacuated to Russia. The proposals for improving the normative legal regulation of the activities of a state human rights defender in international cooperation, including during inter-state conflicts, both at the national and international levels, are substantiated.
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Zadorozhnii, O. "REVISITING THE ISSUE ON THE EXTRATERRITORIAL EFFECT OF THE RUSSIAN LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, no. 130 (2017): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.0.50-69.
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The article covers the issue of specific breaches of international law provisions owed to Ukraine by Russia. The article also examines problems in the application of international law by Russia. In the course of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the former is carrying out the military occupation of the Crimean peninsula and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions and prosecutes Ukrainian citizens (Nadiya Savchenko, Oleh Sentsov, Oleksandr Kolchenko, Hennadii Afanasyev, Yurii Soloshenko and others) in violation of international law. Both Russian executives and doctrine attempt to substantiate the cases against Ukrainian citizens, however, their arguments suffer both legal and factual problems. An illustrative in this regard is Savchenko’s case, which has become important Russian propaganda tool to help reinforce the accusations of the “atrocities committed by the Kyiv junta”. The analyses shows that Savchenko case could have been used to complete different tasks – starting from lifting the sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation and finishing with increasing the number of Russian volunteers in the war against Ukraine. Also, Russia has prosecuted Oleh Sentsov who has been charged with creating a terrorist group and committing two acts of terrorism. One of the most untenable legal arguments of the Russian Federation is a qualification of the aggression as a non-international armed conflict. In this regard, Russian authorities and doctrine insist on Russia’s not being bound or entitled to apply the rules of international armed conflicts laid down in the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (III) to Savchenko. At the same time, a considerable amount of data speaks for an aggressive war the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation launched against Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The Russian Federation has also grossly violated the norms of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.
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Zadorozhnii, O. "REVISITING THE ISSUE ON THE EXTRATERRITORIAL EFFECT OF THE RUSSIAN LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL LAW." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 130 (2017): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.1.50-69.
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The article covers the issue of specific breaches of international law provisions owed to Ukraine by Russia. The article also examines problems in the application of international law by Russia. In the course of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the former is carrying out the military occupation of the Crimean peninsula and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions and prosecutes Ukrainian citizens (Nadiya Savchenko, Oleh Sentsov, Oleksandr Kolchenko, Hennadii Afanasyev, Yurii Soloshenko and others) in violation of international law. Both Russian executives and doctrine attempt to substantiate the cases against Ukrainian citizens, however, their arguments suffer both legal and factual problems. An illustrative in this regard is Savchenko’s case, which has become important Russian propaganda tool to help reinforce the accusations of the “atrocities committed by the Kyiv junta”. The analyses shows that Savchenko case could have been used to complete different tasks – starting from lifting the sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation and finishing with increasing the number of Russian volunteers in the war against Ukraine. Also, Russia has prosecuted Oleh Sentsov who has been charged with creating a terrorist group and committing two acts of terrorism. One of the most untenable legal arguments of the Russian Federation is a qualification of the aggression as a non-international armed conflict. In this regard, Russian authorities and doctrine insist on Russia’s not being bound or entitled to apply the rules of international armed conflicts laid down in the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (III) to Savchenko. At the same time, a considerable amount of data speaks for an aggressive war the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation launched against Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The Russian Federation has also grossly violated the norms of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.
10
Lazarenko, Elena I. "Newspaper clippings with information about the status of Russian war prisoners in 1918 as a historical source." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 3 (2022): 780–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-3-780-793.
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We consider the activities of the Soviet press in 1918 to inform society about the problems of Russian war prisoners in the camps of the states of the Quadruple Alliance, re-evacuation home and providing them with comprehensive state assistance. The relevance of the study is to compare the printed publications of the First World War, which operated during the reign of Nicholas II, the Provisional Government and the Soviet government, and to consider how the pol-icy and ideology regarding Russian prisoners of war affected the media. The purpose of the article is based on the analysis of newspaper clippings from 1918 of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. During the study of works by Russian historians, printed publications of the Great War, it was concluded that the attitude towards Russian war prisoners by the tsarist leadership and the Soviet authorities were different. In the Russian press for 1914–1917, problems related to Rus-sian war prisoners were rarely mentioned, mass surrenders and statistics on the number of prison-ers of war languishing in foreign camps were kept silent. Due to the lack of information in printed publications in 1914–1915 borrowed articles from foreign newspapers. It seems that tsarism has forgotten about its compatriots in captivity. But local newspapers constantly talked about the situation of foreign prisoners of war in various regions and cities of Russia. Clippings from Soviet newspapers provided important information that was difficult to find in other historical sources, showing the social policy and ideology towards Russian war prisoners on the part of the Bolshe-viks. The government headed by V.I. Lenin tried in every possible way to help war prisoners who found themselves in a difficult situation, covering their activities and the fate of prisoners of war in newspapers, thereby gaining the confidence of the population of the country in order to enlist support for the young Soviet state.
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Skiba, Andrey, Aleksey Vladimirovich Petryanin, Irina Nikolaevna Korobova, and Galbadrakh Batbold. "International Scientific and Practical Conference «Actual problems of penal enforcement law and execution of punishments» in memory of Professors N. A. Struchkov and M. P. Melentyev on the issues of appointment, execution and early release from criminal penalties in extreme (emergency) conditions (thematic session devoted to the problems of regulating the treatment of convicted prisoners of war, April 14, 2023)." Penal law 18, no. 2 (September 29, 2023): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2687-122x.2023.18(1-4).2.170-180.
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On April 14, 2023, on the basis of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, an international scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of penal enforcement law and execution of punishments” was held in memory of professors N. A. Struchkov and M. P. Melentyev on the appointment, execution and early release from criminal penalties in extreme (emergency) conditions (thematic session dedicated to the problems of regulation of the treatment of convicted prisoners of war). The co- organizers of this event, in addition to the Department of Penal Enforcement Law of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, were the St. Petersburg Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, the Institute of Judicial Enforcement Service of the University of Internal Affairs of Mongolia, as well as the Union of Criminologists and Criminologists. The conference was the first of its kind and identified areas for further improvement of theory, legislation and practice in the field of execution of punishments in extreme (emergency) conditions, including the regime of special conditions in institutions of the penal system, as well as correctional and preventive measures against convicted prisoners of war.
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Zuev, Ilia, and Ekaterina Romanova. "Methodic Potential of George Grebenstchikoff’s Legaсy and Its Role in Social Rehabilitation of Inmates of Penitentiary Institutions by Means of Culture and Art (a Case of Essay “From Story of the Russian Land”)." Proceedings of Altai State Academy of Culture and Arts, no. 2 (2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32340/2414-9101-2022-2-71-77.
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. The paper analyses potential of prosaic legacy of writer and journalist George Grebenstchikoff (1883–1964) in the context of social rehabilitation of prisoners through introduction to literature and theatrical art. Combination of pathetic style, original rhetoric techniques, bright emotionality, and philosophical profundity lets the researchers to consider the author’s texts as an effective tool for integrated social and pedagogical enforcement on a personality of a convicted. The article briefly describes an experience of staging George Grebenstchikoff ‘s essay “From Story of the Russian Land” (2021) by efforts of members of amateur theatrical troupe grouped from imprisoned of the Medical and Correctional Institution no. 1 of Altai Krai Administration of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation (Barnaul, Russia).
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Teplyashin, P. V., Yu M. Zaborovskaya, and I. V. Malysheva. "Ageing of convicted prisoners: some problems and solutions (domestic and comparativistic aspects)." Law Enforcement Review 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(1).145-154.
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The subject of the article is the peculiarities of the execution of imprisonment in relation to the elderly (over 50 years old) as an independent legal institution of penitentiary law in Russia and abroad.The purpose of the article is to identify the patterns and problems of the execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment in relation to elderly people (over 50 years old) in Russia and abroad, taking into account the growth trend of this category of prisoners and propose a legal solution to the problem.Main tasks: (1) to determine using statistical indicators the change in the number of elderly prisoners and identify the main trend in quantitative indicators; (2) identify problems that arise in elderly prisoners due to the lack of legislative regulation of the organization of an accessible environment in correctional institutions; (3) conduct a comparative analysis of the organization of medical care in relation to the elderly when serving a sentence of imprisonment in Russia and abroad; (4) determine ways to improve Russian legislation in the field of punishment in the form of imprisonment in relation to elderly prisoners.Research methodology. When studying the tendency of aging convicts to imprisonment in Russia and abroad, an analysis of statistical data was used. The work is a comparative legal study as a result of the study of domestic and foreign experience in the execution of sentences in the form of imprisonment, as well as the penal policy of Russia and foreign countries in relation to elderly prisoners; specific sociological technique was used when conducting a survey of persons over 55 years old serving a sentence of imprisonment in Russia; the formal-legal method made it possible to formulate a number of proposals on the need to reform penitentiary institutions, taking into account the age characteristics of this category of convicts.Main results and scope of their application. Firstly, the possibility of allocating a separate chapter to the PEC of the Russian Federation on the peculiarities of the execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment of elderly convicts is justified. Secondly, the definition of the concept of "accessible environment", as well as the peculiarities of medical care for elderly convicts, taking into account the relevant experience of foreign countries. Thirdly, there is a need to form legal institutions for the socialization and resocialization of elderly people (over 55 years old) during the period of serving criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment, taking into account age characteristics and foreign experience.Conclusion. Age characteristics and health conditions have a direct impact on the correctional impact of those sentenced to imprisonment. Russian and foreign experience clearly show that at present there is no unified political and legal approach in relation to elderly prisoners, despite the general growth trend of this category of persons. In Russia and abroad, there is a need to build correctional institutions of a new type, which will take into account, among other things, the age characteristics of the convicts. In this case, it is necessary to start with the development of individual legal institutions.
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Скиба, А. П. "Release from punishment under article 81 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as an analogue in peacetime of repatriation of convicted prisoners of war." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 1(50) (March 18, 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2022/1(50)/87-93.
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В статье проводится сравнительный анализ оснований и порядка применения институтов освобождения от отбывания наказания в связи с болезнью и репатриации осужденных военнопленных. Автором делается вывод, что освобождение от отбывания наказания в связи с болезнью, регулируемое в уголовном, уголовно-исполнительном и ином законодательстве России, можно рассматривать как аналог в мирное время репатриации осужденных военнопленных, предусмотренной в Женевской конвенции от 1949 г. «Об обращении с военнопленными». The article provides a comparative analysis of the grounds and procedure for applying the institutions of release from serving sentences due to illness and repatriation of convicted prisoners of war. The author concludes that the exemption from serving a sentence due to illness, regulated in the criminal, penal and other legislation of Russia, can be considered as an analogue in peacetime of the repatriation of convicted prisoners of war provided for in the Geneva Convention of 1949 «On the Treatment of Prisoners of War».
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Frolova, Elena V. "Human Rights and Humanization of the Execution of Punishments in the History of Western Siberia." Historijski pogledi 7, no. 11 (October 6, 2024): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2024.7.11.118.
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The purpose of the study is to compare the Prison Reform of 1879 carried out in Russia with the requirements of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners adopted by the United Nations in 1955. The study was conducted on the example of the Tobolsk prison complex of the late XIX – early XX centuries, based on practically achieved results. The sources of the study were the materials of the State Archives of the Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk regions, as well as the State Archives of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study combines two approaches: modernization and civilizational, using two methods: comparative historical and actualization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a new look at the Prison Reform of 1879 through modern European standards of the rights of prisoners. The results of the Prison Reform of 1879 were compared with the requirements of the UN on the following grounds: prohibition of discrimination, protection of religious rights, compilation of a register of prisoners, their breakdown into categories, sanitary conditions and nutrition, education, libraries, recreation, work and work of prison inspections. The comparison showed that at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, the Tobolsk prison complex (“Prison Castle”) was an advanced penitentiary institution of that time, not only generally conforming to European standards of the mid-XX century, but partly surpassing them. The Russian government planned to extend the achieved experience to other places of detention, but the process was interrupted by the revolution of 1905-1907. The results of the study showed that in Russia, the humanization of imprisonment was based not only on the principles of utility and rationalism, but in many respects – on Orthodox ideas of mercy, therefore, initially coincided with future European standards. Meanwhile, some reform measures turned out to be premature, as they were carried out in conditions of exceptional poverty of the rest of the Russian people and the absence of the concept of “human rights” in their lives. This contradiction became one of the links in the system of socio-economic problems that eventually led Russia to revolution.
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Khruleva, V. V., and I. S. Maslov. "On some problems of fight against religious extremism in the penal system of the Russian Federation." Penitentiary science 13, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2019-13-3-355-360.
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The article is devoted to the spread of religious extremism and its counteraction in the penal system of the Russian Federation. The ratio of different points of view of theorists on the topic of religious extremism is given. The article deals with the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the constitutional right to freedom of religion and the activities of the state to prevent and combat the spread of religious extremism in the penal system of Russia. The article highlights the problem of recruitment of new members of extremist and terrorist organizations and the spread of destructive religious teachings. The analysis of the causes and consequences of the penetration of destructive religious organizations into the penal institutions of the Russian Federation is carried out. Attention is drawn to the specifics of the development of religious extremism characteristic of the penal system of Russia, taking into account the impact of norms of criminal behavior on prisoners. The duality of influence of religion as positive character is reflected, so examples of negative influence of the destructive religious organizations on persons serving punishment and the subsequent commission of illegal actions by them are given. The article deals with the issues that reveal the features of the activities of prison staff with persons convicted of crimes of extremist and terrorist nature. The possible ways of their solution, which the staff of the penal system have to face in their daily activities are given.
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Tebekin, Aleksei Vasilyevich. "Key problems of increasing Russia’s rating in the world economy." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 1 (2022): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2201-01.
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The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the key problems that prevent Russia from raising the rating in the world economy, affecting the problem of the Russian Federation joining the five largest economies in the world. When studying the problems of increasing Russia’s ranking in the world economy, based on data from the Humanitarian Portal, estimates were made of the relative (in world comparison) level of development of the Russian Federation in terms of demographic development, social development, institutional development, political development, economic development, scientific and technological development, communication development, reputation development, global development. A distinctive feature of the studies presented is the reliance not on the country’s rating itself in the international comparison system, but on the relative assessment of this rating, taking into account the total number of countries covered by the corresponding rating. The analysis of the relative ratings of the international competitiveness of the Russian Federation was carried out using the desirability function H. D. Harrington (also known as the universal verbal-numerical scale), which allows you to translate relative quantitative assessments into qualitative ones. Based on the analysis, it is shown that at present Russia does not have objective prerequisites for joining the fi ve largest economies in the world, since the Russian Federation does not have a very high level of assessment according to the Harrington method according to none of the groups of indicators of international competitiveness. Most of the assessment groups (level of demographic, social, institutional, economic and social development) have an average level. A number of assessment groups (the level of scientifi c and technical, reputation and global development) have an average level. And the group for assessing the level of political development has a low level. Analysis of the structure of «pain points» of international competitiveness of the Russian Federation, corresponding to a very low level on the Harrington universal verbal-digital scale, showed that most of them are associated with problems of social development (suicide rate, level of quality of life, level of alcohol consumption, number of prisoners, level of happiness), indicating an insuffi cient level of motivation of the population for development.
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Siryakov, Aleksey, and El’dar Abishev. "Legislation on educational work with prisoners in Russia and Kazakhstan." International penitentiary journal 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2712-7737.2019.01(1-3).2.084-098.
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In the desire to reform the penal system, separate countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States have made significant progress, substantially updating their legal framework. These also include the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study of the normative consolidation and organization of educational work with convicts under the Kazakhstan and Russian legislation and a questionnaire of practitioners revealed the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory support and law enforcement practice. This made it possible to outline further ways to improve the legal regulation of educational work with convicts in the direction of convergence with international standards. The penal legislation of the two countries largely coincides, but in Kazakhstan the issues of educational work find their legal consolidation not only at the level of the Penal code, but also in special acts. The advantages of Kazakhstan’s legislation include: a clear definition of the tasks, directions, forms and methods of educational work; improvement of the mechanism of incentives and penalties application; determining the degree of behavior of convicts; involvement of the Probation Service in the provision of social and legal assistance to convicts preparing for the release; the presence of convicts among the subjects of educational work of voluntary organizations. Otherwise, the organization and conduct of educational work with convicts coincide. The basis of the organizational structure of the correctional institution is the unit, the heads of which are overloaded with the tasks not directly related to the implementation of the correctional process. Taking into account the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to amend the Penal code of the Russian Federation, in terms of the formulation of the concept of educational work through its tasks; clarification of norms relating to the directions, forms and methods of educational work. In the Provision about the units of prisoners in correctional institution, it is necessary to change the amount of duties for the head of the unit: establishing a ban (limitation) on the involvement of chiefs to implement unusual functions for them; the transfer to the category of rights the obligation to participate in inspections of the presence of persons held in a correctional institution, taking them to work (from work), their presence during searches, mealtime in the dining room, getting of parcels, transfer, sale of food and basic necessities, telephone conversations.
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Artyom Y. Nesterov,. "THE RIGHT OF JUVENILE CONVICTS TO PERSONAL SAFETY IN PRISONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT." BULLETIN 6, no. 388 (December 15, 2020): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.207.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of ensuring the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The theoretical and methodological study of the analyzed phenomenon allowed us to single out the general opinion of scientists and the factors that determine the current state of personal safety of juvenile convicts in educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, in the pre-trial detention centers of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, as well as at the stages of going to the place of serving the criminal sentence in in the form of deprivation of liberty and those under investigation for crimes committed in places of deprivation of liberty. The author of the article analyzes the provisions established in article 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the right of all convicted persons, as well as persons in custody in the pre-trial detention center of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, to trial for personal security is guaranteed by the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, and this right is ensured by the following imperatives: 1). Article 13 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5473-I "On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Sentences of Imprisonment"; 2). Article 19 of the Federal Law of July 15, 1995 No. 103-FL "On the Detention of Suspects and Accused of Committing Crimes". The article analyzes legal scientific literature on the expression of various opinions of researchers regarding the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The author completely agreed with many of the stated points of theoretical researchers, and at the same time formulating the following proposition. The author, in turn, determines that the problem of personal security of juvenile convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is also of great importance for the relations that are taking shape in the Russian penal system as a whole. This is due to the fact that punishment always involves the restriction of the rights and freedoms of persons who committed crimes in the educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, and, as a result, the special nature of the relationship between the staff of the penitentiary institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. So, the urgency of the problem today is, first of all, ensuring personal security, as well as the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of juvenile convicts in the investigation of crimes committed in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, is also manifested in the fact that depriving citizens of their freedom, the state agrees to comply their legal status, to protect the life and health of the convict. It should be noted that the concentration of persons who committed crimes in prisons, a significant proportion of which are grave and especially grave, as well as a number of other reasons entail a real threat of new crimes committed by prisoners of various nature and degree of public danger. In this regard, there is the possibility of unlawful influence on juvenile convicts who are participants in the criminal process in the framework of a case instituted on the fact of committing a crime in the institution of the Russian penal system. As a result, the author’s concept is formulated - “Ensuring personal security, rights and legal interests of juvenile convicts”. This material presented in the article does not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
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Nikonova, Lyudmila I., and Albina I. Minakova. "HISTORICAL NATURE OF MIGRATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA." Historical Search 1, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-174-181.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Constitution of Russia, the Russian Federation is a federal state and consists of 85 equal subjects, which are characterized by a high degree of diverse conditions and the state of social and economic development. As an object of research of migration processes, the authors considered Mordovia, included in the Russian Federation on the rights of an autonomous republic in 1936. This region of the Volga Federal District is one of the important subjects of the Russian Federation, as it is endowed with extensive areas, developed industry, good ecology, hundreds of museums; it is characterized by a multi-ethnic population structure.
The authors consider the main characteristics of spatial mobility of the Mordovian Territory population from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main tendencies of migration processes development are described. Much attention is paid to the historical nature of migration, based on scientific research and state statistics.
Formation of polyethnicity of the Mordovian Republic developed historically due to different factors and events. Events of the Second World War, which provoked refugee from Western countries to the regions of Russia, location of camps with war prisoners in the territory of the Republic, industrialization and development of industrial enterprises, which required an influx of foreign specialists and workers in imported equipment maintenance, job placement after graduation from higher educational institutions of the USSR fraternal countries, the change of social status: admission of international students, interethnic marriages. The factors of adaptation of displaced persons in the aspect of socio-cultural interaction with local residents in the Republic of Mordovia are of particular importance.
The multifaceted study of polyethnicity in the Mordovian Republic actualizes the historical analysis, which shows the role played by the representatives of foreign peoples in forming the polyethnicity of the region, for which the authors provide statistical data of the All-Union censuses of the population of 1959, 1970 and 1979, the All-Russian census of 2002 and 2010, as well as archival materials, which are located in the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia.
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Makarchuk, Volodymyr. "War and military crimes in the criminal legislation of the Russian empire, the rsfsr, and the Russian federation: theory and direct practice." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 39 (August 22, 2023): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.39.204.
Full textAbstract:
The qualification of military and war crimes in the legislation of the Tsardom of Muscovy, the Russian Empire, the RSFSR and modern Russia is considered. A conclusion about the primacy of military expediency over considerations of universal morality and humanism is made. Thus, the legislation of the Tsardom of Muscovy foresaw the possibility of turning the so-called boyar children (the younger layer of the boyars), suspended by the tsar from service, into kholops (serfs). The military legislation of Peter I does not distinguish between the suicide of a soldier and treason. The military reform of Alexander II, carried out by Minister Milyutin, somewhat liberalized military legislation and created a clear system of military courts. The refusal of the Provisional Government to use the death penalty disorganized the Russian army, and this was considered by the Bolsheviks while creating the Red Guards and the Red Army. During the civil war, the Bolshevik headship even used decimation regarding the Red Army men. After the end of hostilities, military crimes (Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922) were generally punished more mildly, but the tightening of the screws in the direction of repression’s increase began almost immediately. These processes reached their apogee during the Second World War when the widest range of cases was handed over to military tribunals. In the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1960, the number of military crimes doubled, and the sanction became as severe as possible (up to the death penalty). The concept of a war crime is first mentioned in Article 67.1. The use of biological weapons, but it was introduced into the Code by the Law of the Russian Federation, dated 29.04.1993. The criminal code of the modern Russian Federation includes both military and war crimes, the sanctions are severe, but thesein no way restrain the Russian army, Rosgvardiya (National Guard of Russia), and paramilitary formations during a full-scale war against Ukraine. The world has witnessed numerous crimes against the civilian population, prisoners of war, and the environment (the blowing up of the Kakhovka HPP).
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Lazarenko, E. I. "Докладные записки атташе по делам военнопленных при посольстве РСФСР в Берлине С. М. Семкова как исторический источник." Вестник гуманитарного образования, no. 1(25) (April 21, 2022): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.21.070.
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The article talks about the fact that memos are not only office documents, but also a necessary historical source that can help to comprehensively study the problem posed by the historian. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that on the example of the memos of the attache for prisoners of war at the Embassy of the RSFSR in Berlin, S. M. Semkova, The author reveals the real situation of Russian prisoners of war of the First World War in the German camps of Gustrov, Stendel and Deberitz after the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty and the very tense relations between Soviet Russia and Germany. The article is based on previously unexplored documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, which are presented for the first time. In the course of the study, it was concluded that the surviving memos can become a very valuable source for obtaining the necessary information down to the smallest detail. After reviewing these documents, it becomes clear that the Russian prisoners of war in Germany were treated much worse than the French and British prisoners. They were not only poorly fed, clothed, but also almost not paid for hard work, and therefore they were in no hurry to send them home even after the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, putting the Russian delegation in a dead end in the summer of 1918. The Russian prisoners of war were demoralized, having lost all hope of help and liberation. Beatings, disciplinary penalties, and the seizure of personal belongings and money were commonplace in German camps. В статье идет речь о том, что докладные записки являются не только делопроизводственными документами, но и необходимым историческим источником, который может помочь всесторонне изучить поставленную историком проблему. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, что на примере докладных записок атташе по делам военнопленных при посольстве РСФСР в Берлине С. М. Семкова, автор раскрывает реальное положение русских военнопленных Первой мировой войны в немецких лагерях Гюстров, Стендель и Дебериц после подписания Брестского мирного договора и очень напряженные отношения между Советской Россией и Германией. Статья основана на ранее неизученных документах Государственного архива Российской Федерации, которые представлены впервые. В ходе исследования был сделан вывод о том, что сохранившиеся докладные записки могут стать очень ценным источником для получения необходимой информации вплоть до мелочей. Ознакомившись с этими документами, становится ясно, что к русским военнопленным в Германии относились гораздо хуже, чем к пленным французам и англичанам. Их не только плохо кормили, одевали, но и почти не платили за тяжелый труд, в связи с чем не спешили отправлять на Родину даже после подписания Брестского мирного договора, поставив русскую делегацию летом 1918 г. в тупик. Русские военнопленные были деморализованы, потеряв всякую надежду на помощь и освобождение. Избиения, дисциплинарные взыскания, изъятие личных вещей и денег было обычным явлением в немецких лагерях.
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Provotorova, S. V. "The Incidence of Chickenpox in Penal Institution of the Lipetsk Region." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-87-94.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Chickenpox is one of the most common infections in Russia and retains a stable 2–3 place in the structure of infectious morbidity. The conditions of the closed adult community in the institutions of the penal correction system pose high risks for the occurrence of group cases of Chickenpox , and this disease in adults can pose a threat to life.Aims. Incidence rate of chickenpox among convicts detained in correctional institutions of the prison system of Lipetsk region in 2009–2018.Materials & Methods. The statistical data of the branch CGSN of the Federal Penitentiary Institution MCH-48 of the Federal Penitentiary System of Russia were to analyse the incidence of chickenpox by prisons in the penitentiary system of the Lipetsk Region for the period from 2009 to 2018.The materials of the study were forms of federal state statistical observation for 2009–2018. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis was used. statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. Cases of chickenpox among adults serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty of Lipetsk region are recorded annually. The incidence rates among prisoners are 2 times higher than among adults in the Russian Federation. Sources of infection were relatives and convicts, patients with herpes zoster. There are statistically significant differences in first-time and re-convicted morbidity (p < 0.05). More than half (73.6%) of the cases of chickenpox occur in autumn-winter. Between 2009 and 2018, group cases were recorded with 2 to 7 people involved in the epidemic process. Consequently, conditions exist in correctional facilities for the epidemic spread of chickenpox.Conclusions. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of group cases of disease, it is proposed to introduce vaccine prevention of persons who have not suffered from chickenpox in history.
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Provotorova, S. V. "The Incidence of Chickenpox in Penal Institution of the Lipetsk Region." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-20-2-87-94.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Chickenpox is one of the most common infections in Russia and retains a stable 2–3 place in the structure of infectious morbidity. The conditions of the closed adult community in the institutions of the penal correction system pose high risks for the occurrence of group cases of Chickenpox , and this disease in adults can pose a threat to life.Aims. Incidence rate of chickenpox among convicts detained in correctional institutions of the prison system of Lipetsk region in 2009–2018.Materials & Methods. The statistical data of the branch CGSN of the Federal Penitentiary Institution MCH-48 of the Federal Penitentiary System of Russia were to analyse the incidence of chickenpox by prisons in the penitentiary system of the Lipetsk Region for the period from 2009 to 2018.The materials of the study were forms of federal state statistical observation for 2009–2018. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis was used. statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. Cases of chickenpox among adults serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty of Lipetsk region are recorded annually. The incidence rates among prisoners are 2 times higher than among adults in the Russian Federation. Sources of infection were relatives and convicts, patients with herpes zoster. There are statistically significant differences in first-time and re-convicted morbidity (p < 0.05). More than half (73.6%) of the cases of chickenpox occur in autumn-winter. Between 2009 and 2018, group cases were recorded with 2 to 7 people involved in the epidemic process. Consequently, conditions exist in correctional facilities for the epidemic spread of chickenpox.Conclusions. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of group cases of disease, it is proposed to introduce vaccine prevention of persons who have not suffered from chickenpox in history.
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Grushin, F. V., and E. V. Lyadov. "RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM AS A CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN RUSSIA, BELARUS AND KAZAKHSTAN." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 35, no. 3 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2020-35-3-137-143.
Full textAbstract:
One of the main tasks of any state is an effective fight against crime. At the same time, the correct choice of the criminal punishment system is of key importance. A fairly large number of recent cases in Russia, Belarus, and especially in Kazakhstan have received criminal penalties in the form of restriction of freedom. As official statistics show, this punishment is very effective, but there are both features of the implementation of restrictions of freedom in each of the countries, and some problems in its application. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the implementation of criminal punishment in the form of restriction of freedom in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Objectives of the study: analysis of the legal and regulatory framework; a comparison of restriction of freedom in each of the countries concerned; identification of positive aspects of implementation of penalties; identification of problems in the application of restraint of liberty; preparation of proposals to improve the effectiveness of restriction of freedom in Russia. The following scientific methods were used in the preparation of the study: analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal logical, historical-legal and system-structural. Based on the research, a number of changes to the current criminal and penal enforcement legislation of the Russian Federation are proposed. In particular, given the importance of such a means of correction as labor, the experience of Belarusian and Kazakh colleagues in the field of employment of prisoners sentenced to restriction of freedom may well be spread in Russia. It is also possible to consider a ban on the use of alcoholic beverages by convicted persons to restrict their freedom in Russia as an effective measure that contributes to achieving the goals of punishment.
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Havrylenko, O. A. "Determining the status of prisoners of war in customary law and legislation of the Muscovite kingdom of the 15th-early 18th centuries." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.6.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to highlighting the processes of formation of the specifics of the status of captives according to the norms of customary law and legislation of the Muscovy kingdom (Moscow state) during the 15th - early 18th centuries. The relevance of addressing these issues is due to the fact that the customs and views developed at that time, as well as the norms of positive law, still determine the peculiarities of the attitude of Russians towards prisoners, which is largely determined by the specifics of the national mentality and legal tradition.
It is shown that the attitude towards captured foreigners, the legal basis of their status in the Muscovite Empire were laid down in the course of the formation and development of customary law, which was formed long before the period considered in this article. It is emphasized that since in the 15th - at the beginning of the 18th century. before there was a division into combatants and noncombatants, the terms "prisoners" and "captives" meant both captured soldiers of the enemy army and representatives of the civilian population who were deprived of personal freedom and found themselves under the complete power of the enemy. Captives were divided into "state” and "private”, although specific subgroups can be identified within these groups depending on the peculiarities of their legal status.
The status of prisoners in the Muscovite Empire was determined primarily by customary law, although over time, acts of legislation appeared that contained norms aimed at regulating the legal status of prisoners. A vivid example of such legislation is the Senate decree of November 27, 1717 "On the prohibition of baptizing and marrying Swedish prisoners of war.”
It is noted that a valuable source for elucidating the complex of customs regarding the treatment of captives can be considered the works of European diplomats, merchants, and soldiers who had been in the Moscow state for a long time and were well acquainted with local orders. They contain interesting information on ethnopsychology, the history of diplomacy, as well as the history of law. The value of this historical source is enhanced by the fact that the observations, facts and considerations given in it are confirmed by other sources. A conclusion was made about a certain continuity in the national character of the population of modern Russia, customs that, even now, under the conditions of the spread of legal nihilism in Russian society, largely regulate the behavior and activities of citizens of the Russian Federation, in particular, military personnel, mercenaries of private military companies, etc.
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Yuryevich, Epikhin Alexander, Zaitsev Oleg Aleksandrovich, Tasakov Sergei Vladimirovich, Nechaeva Elena Vladimirovna, Mishin Andrey Viktorovich, and Aliyeva Gulnar Isaevna. "The Purpose of "Correction" in the Russian Criminal and Criminal and Executive Law." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 5 (August 31, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n5p6.
Full textAbstract:
The process of carrying out (serving) a criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment according to the Russian criminal and penal law provides for isolation of the convicted person, limitations of rights and certain freedoms, as well as using corrective measures to change the criminal orientation of that person towards positive law-abiding behavior. According to penal law, the corrective process is being implemented by carrying out the main measures of corrective action, which the law lists as: regulated conditions, socially useful labor, educational work, general and professional education, and social influence.
Currently the penal system sees a general trend of reducing the total number of imprisoned persons. According to the statistics by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 880 thousand people were serving a prison sentence in 2010, 550 thousand people in 2016, as of 1 June 2018 that number was 520.5 thousand people, and as of 1 May 2019 it was 552,188 persons. In the recent years, the number of prisoners tends to stay on the same level. These numbers testify to the continued humanization of the criminal and penal policy of the Russian Federation, as well as to the results of applying corrective actions to those sentenced to imprisonment.
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Хван, Татьяна Сергеевна. "The foreign experience in the treatment of convicts - foreigners and stateless persons: on the example of european countries." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 3(40) (September 25, 2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2019/3(40)/104-111.
Full textAbstract:
По данным Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний, на 1 января 2019 г. в местах лишения свободы содержалось 28 741 осужденных - иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства. Иностранный сегмент среди осужденных в России требует своего внимания для разрешения вопросов правового положения, оптимизации средств и методов достижения целей наказания, ресоциализации, постпенитенциарной адаптации или реинтеграции в общество. В статье приводятся результаты анализа уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства европейских государств - разработчиков международных стандартов по обращению с осужденными (заключенными), накопленный опыт демократического развития систем исполнения наказаний (Бельгия, Великобритания, Германия, Норвегия, Финляндия, Швейцария и др.), а также результаты проектных исследований Совета Европы и исследования отдельных зарубежных авторов. Имплементация успешного опыта зарубежных государств в отечественное законодательство представляет важное направление в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы. Опыт европейских стран по разрешению языковых проблем, использованию возвращения на родину (выдворения) как меры ресоциализации иностранного преступника, функционированию специализированных пенитенциарных учреждений для иностранцев, взаимодействию с неправительственными организациями, занимающимися проблемами заключенных и иностранцами, по мнению автора, может быть использован в России. According to the Federal Penal Service of Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2019, 28,741 convicts - foreigners and stateless persons were detained in places of imprisonment. The foreign segment among convicts in Russia requires attention to resolve issues of legal status, optimization of means and methods of achieving the goals of punishment, re-socialization, post-penitentiary adaptation or reintegration into society. The article presents the results of the analysis of the criminal and penal legislation of the European States developers of international standards for the treatment of convicts (prisoners), accumulated experience in the democratic development of penal systems (Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, etc.), as well as the results of project studies of the Council of Europe and scientific researches of individual foreign authors. The implementation of successful experience of foreign countries in the domestic legislation is an important direction in the activities of the penal system. According to the author, the experience of European States in solving language problems, using return to the homeland (expulsion) as a measure of re-socialization of a foreign criminal, functioning of specialized penitentiary institutions for foreigners, interaction with non-governmental organizations dealing with the problems of prisoners and foreigners can be used in Russia.
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Mashevskyi, Oleh, and Maksym Pryhoniuk. "THE PROBLEM OF THE DE-OCCUPATION OF CRIMEA IN TURKISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS DURING THE ARMED AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE (2014–2023)." European Historical Studies, no. 26 (2023): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2023.26.5.
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The relevance of the research topic is determined by the crucial role of the Republic of Turkey concerning the de-occupation of Crimea and the support of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine in general. At the scientific level, a coherent and comprehensive study of this important problem has not yet been published. Before the annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia in 2014, one of the significant areas of cooperation between Turkey and Ukraine was their joint efforts to support the Crimean Tatar people, who were returning to Crimea after harrowing deportation by the Soviet regime to Central Asia in 1944. During that time, several joint Ukrainian-Turkish projects were implemented in Crimea, particularly in the economic and cultural spheres, aimed at the rehabilitated Crimean Tatar population. These projects included the construction of schools with Crimean Tatar language instruction, the launch of periodicals in the Crimean Tatar language, economic development, local infrastructure improvement, property acquisitions for representatives of the Crimean Tatar ethnic group, and more. After the criminal annexation of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia in February-March 2014, the Republic of Turkey unequivocally expressed its support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. This support was particularly evident during discussions and voting at the United Nations, as well as in meetings between the two countries’ presidents and at forums like the “Crimean Platform,” which has been held since 2021, etc. Turkey is making significant efforts to protect the rights and freedoms of the fraternal Crimean Tatar people, who were among the first victims of Russia’s criminal repressive machinery. For instance, Ankara has facilitated the release of some political prisoners of Crimean Tatar ethnicity and has assisted in the resettlement and support of Crimean Tatars who were forced to temporarily move to the mainland of Ukraine. Crimea holds a foremost place in Turkey’s security concept in the Black Sea region. Despite Turkey not fully aligning with anti-Russian sanctions, even after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and even offering shelter to Russian businesses seeking to evade Western sanctions, its position on Crimea has consistently been unequivocal. Considering Russia as its main geopolitical rival in the Black Sea, Ankara is unquestionably interested in seeing the return of this strategically important peninsula to Ukraine. There is no doubt about this, the Turkish side will actively participate in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, primarily Crimea, as an integral part of Ukraine. Turkish officials have been emphasizing this repeatedly.
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Minakova, Albina I. "MULTINATIONALITY OF MORDOVIA: HISTORICAL ASPECT." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-2-63-74.
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Most of the territories of the Russian Federation are characterized by the multinational composition of the population, which is expressed in the interaction of ethnic communities, so the topic of multi-ethnicity is at the peak of relevance today. As an object of study, we consider the Republic of Mordovia as an ethnopolitically prosperous subject of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation of the Volga Federal District, where peoples “live in peace and harmony.” The article discusses the prerequisites for the formation of polyethnicity in the Mordovian region as part of the territories that later became part of the present-day Republic of Mordovia. The first official data on the peoples of the Mordovian region are given in the statistics of the Russian Empire census of 1897 with a foreign contingent in the provinces of Mordovia. They show the distribution of the population according to their native language – the population spoke Belarusian, Polish, German, Jewish and other foreign languages, which indicates the prerequisites for formation of multinationality of the Mordovian region.
The multinationality of the Republic has evolved historically due to various factors. The events of the Patriotic War and the First World War caused refugees from Western countries to move to the regions of Russia, resettle in shared apartments, work and interact with the local population, some of the refugees and prisoners of war as a result remained in Mordovia forever. These were certainly prerequisites for the development of the region in line with the multinational subject of the Russian Federation. Thanks to unpublished sources found in the archive, the direct role of representatives of the peoples of foreign countries in the process of forming the multinationality of the region is shown. The poly-ethnicity of the population of the region led to the fact that components of several national cultures were simultaneously present in the socio-cultural environment. The multinationality of the Republic of Mordovia attracts the scientific community of ethnologists, which is confirmed by research publications. A review of publications on the issues of migration of the population abroad was undertaken. On the basis of state statistics data, a comparative description of the change in the dynamics of the population of Mordovia was carried out. It enabled to present the data on the composition of the population of the region. This happened mainly due to migrations of peoples from countries of near and far abroad.
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Лопашенко, Н. А. "SOME LEGAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PRISONERS' PARTICIPATION IN THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION: A PRIVATE POSITION AT KNOWN EVENTS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 2(53) (August 22, 2023): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2023.53.2.007.
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Специальная военная операция, которую проводит Россия, продиктовала необходимость привлечения к участию в военных действиях осужденных, не отбывших назначенное судом уголовное наказание, в том числе наказание в виде срочного лишения свободы. Насколько можно судить по информации из СМИ, а также по отдельным комментариям представителей администрации Президента РФ, в таких случаях был использован институт помилования. Такой не уголовно-правовой способ привлечения осужденных к участию в боевых действиях существовал и в годы Великой Отечественной войны (в УК РСФСР 1926 г. во время войны не было внесено ни одного изменения), хотя нормативное регулирование существовало. Однако правильнее было бы, не исключая действия названного института, регламентировать порядок освобождения от отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы в Уголовном кодексе РФ, предусмотрев для такой ситуации специальный вид отсрочки от отбывания наказания, чтобы соблюсти уголовно-правовую легитимность такого освобождения. При этом отсрочка не должна носить безусловный характер; вопрос об освобождении от уголовной ответственности должен решать суд с учетом поведения осужденного в СВО. Кроме того, следует внести соответствующие изменения в законодательство о военной службе, законодательство о мобилизации, уголовно-исполнительное и уголовно-процессуальное законодательство. Комплекс таких изменений позволит уменьшить криминологические риски, возникающие в связи с совершением помилованными осужденными после возвращения из зоны СВО новых тяжких преступлений. The special military operation carried out by Russia dictated the need to involve convicts who have not served a criminal sentence imposed by the court, including a sentence in the form of urgent imprisonment, in military operations. As far as can be judged by information from the media, as well as by individual comments from representatives of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, in such cases, the institute of pardon was used. Such a non–criminal legal method of attracting convicts to participate in hostilities existed during the Great Patriotic War (no changes were made to the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in 1926 during the war), although regulatory regulation existed. However, it would be more correct, without excluding the actions of the named institution, to regulate the procedure for release from serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, providing for such a situation a special type of deferral from serving a sentence in order to comply with the criminal legitimacy of such release. At the same time, the postponement should not be unconditional; the issue of exemption from criminal liability should be decided by the court, taking into account the behavior of the convicted person in his own. In addition, appropriate amendments should be made to the legislation on military service, legislation on mobilization, penal enforcement and criminal procedure legislation. A set of such changes will reduce the criminological risks arising from the commission of pardoned convicts, after returning from the SVO zone, of new serious crimes.
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Shneider, Vadim M., and Inna S. Kondrashova. "“UNBOWED PEOPLE: FROM THE COMMON VICTORY TO THE COMMON HISTORICAL MEMORY”." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, no. 4 (2021): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2021-4-125-147.
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The paper provides a review on the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory”, which was prepared within the framework of the joint working group of Historians of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the book are historians, archivists and museum workers from Russia, Kazakh- stan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. The monograph is divided into seven chap- ters, each of them includes scientific articles, united by a common theme. In the First chapter, articles that are concerned with various sources of information about the Great Patriotic War are presented. The Second chapter includes ar- ticles studying the situation on the fronts of the war. The Third chapter unites the articles which show the situation in the occupied territories during the war. The Fourth chapter presents articles about the process of evacuation of people and industrial enterprises from the western part of the USSR to the Central Asian republics and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Fifth chapter brings together articles on a wide range of issues related to the rear and home front workers. The Sixth chapter includes articles, touching on the theme of rebuilding cities damaged during the war, the revival of the Soviet economy and issues associated with the system of checking prisoners of war returned to the Soviet Union after liberation. The Seventh chapter brings together the articles of researchers dedicated to the key features of the historical memory of the inhabitants of various regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Publication of the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory” became an important event for the historical community of Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries that were part of the USSR during the war. A distinctive characteristic of the book is a detailed and objective study of both the tragic and heroic events that influenced the course of the war. The articles indicate that the Great Patriotic War holds a special place in the memory of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet countries, because the tragedy of the war touched every family. Collective monograph “Unbowed people. From a common victory to a common historical memory” is an example of successful interaction of researchers from the post-Soviet states and it can be relevant as a schoolbook, as well as used in the preparation of courses on Russian history for students of humanitarian universities.
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Babayan, S. L., I. A. Lakina, and L. P. Pitkevich. "Improving of Legislation Establishing the Responsibility of Convicted Persons Recognized as Drug Addicts for Evading the Obligation Imposed on Them by the Court to Undergo Drug Treatment and Medical and (or) Social Rehabilitation." Rossijskoe pravosudie 12 (November 13, 2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.12.92-99.
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Fixing norms in the criminal law sentencing a person who has been drug addicts, according to which the court along with certain types of punishments not related to imprisonment, can lay on a sick addiction a duty to undergo treatment for drug and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, and monitoring of specified governmental prisoners has been stipulated in article 72.1 of the criminal code, introduced by Federal law No 313FZ of 25 November 2013. This provision in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation was the result of the state's response to a significantly increased number of people suffering from this disease and the need to counteract these processes. This measure of influence on convicts in the criminal, criminal procedure and criminal enforcement legislation of the Russian Federation for such a short period has become firmly established in judicial and criminal enforcement practice, in this connection, the need to improve the effectiveness of its appointment, execution and detention is being updated. In this regard, a study was conducted on the organization and implementation of control over the execution of convicts' obligations to undergo drug treatment and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, during which a survey was conducted of employees of the FKU UII and their branches in 28 territorial bodies of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia. As a result, research has shown that the majority of employees agree that it is necessary to provide for a provision in the penal enforcement legislation that a convicted person is considered to be evading treatment for drug addiction and medical and (or) social rehabilitation if, without refusing to undergo them, he does not visit or voluntarily left a medical institution and a medical or social rehabilitation institution, or twice failed to comply with the prescriptions of the attending doctor, or continues to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. It is also important to note that in the case of malicious evasion of a convicted person recognized as a drug addict from the obligation to undergo treatment for drug addiction and medical and (or) social rehabilitation, such a convicted person should be brought to criminal responsibility.
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Закиров, Т. М. "COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PAROLE UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 3(54) (October 16, 2023): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2023.54.3.020.
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Изучение законодательства зарубежных стран позволяет выявить новые тенденции развития права, обнаружить правовые новеллы, которые могли бы использоваться в правоприменительной практике России. Соответствующий сравнительно-правовой анализ позволил выявить особенности досрочного освобождения таких зарубежных стран, как Франция, Швейцария, Индия, Китайская Народная Республика, Северная и Южная Корея, а также Республика Беларусь. Автор подробно анализирует нормативно-правовые акты указанных зарубежных стран и на основе изученных положений делает выводы о возможности применения данных норм в системе права Российской Федерации. Так, изучая уголовное законодательство Франции, автор подчеркивает возможность полного снятия судимости при условно-досрочном освобождении (далее – УДО), наличие закрепленных оснований для отказа в досрочном освобождении, а также особую роль врача-психиатра и психолога при оценке целесообразности освобождения некоторых категорий осужденных. Также автор выделяет сходство регулирования вопросов УДО в Китае и России – конкретизацией критериев досрочного освобождения в обеих странах занимается высшая судебная инстанция. Особое внимание автор уделяет процедуре УДО в Республике Беларусь, так как правовая система данного государства наиболее близка к Российской Федерации. Положительным аспектом видится поэтапное улучшение правового положения осужденного в зависимости от степени исправления. В заключение автор отмечает, что критерии досрочного освобождения в зарубежных странах во многом схожи между собой, а некоторые положения заслуживают отдельного внимания и применения в отечественном законодательстве. The study of the legislation of foreign countries makes it possible to identify new trends in the development of law, to discover legal novelties that could be used in the law enforcement practice of Russia. The corresponding comparative legal analysis made it possible to identify the features of parole of such foreign countries as France, Switzerland, India, the People's Republic of China, North and South Korea, as well as the Republic of Belarus. The author analyzes in detail the normative legal acts of these foreign countries and, on the basis of the studied provisions, draws conclusions about the possibility of applying these norms in the system of law of the Russian Federation. Thus, studying the criminal legislation of France, the author emphasizes the possibility of a complete removal of a criminal record upon parole (hereinafter referred to as parole), the existence of fixed grounds for refusing parole, as well as the special role of a psychiatrist and psychologist in assessing the expediency of release certain categories of prisoners. The author also highlights the similarity of the regulation of parole issues in China and Russia – the specification of the criteria for early release in both countries is handled by the highest court. The author pays special attention to the parole procedure in the Republic of Belarus, since the legal system of this state is closest to the Russian Federation. A positive aspect is the gradual improvement of the legal status of the convict, depending on the degree of correction. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the criteria for early release in foreign countries are largely similar to each other, and some provisions deserve special attention and application in domestic legislation.
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Tausendfreund, Doris, Natalya Timofeeva, and Tatyana Evdokimova. "Forced Labor in Nazi Germany: Online Archive of Interviews and Related Educational Online Platform." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.1.16.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction.The article deals with the problem of forced labor in Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Despite the existence of profound scientific publications devoted to this problem in Russia and abroad, it still needs to be developed. The article emphasizes the urgency of its research in historical, anthropological and humanities perspective, because personal experience of those who survived after forced labor in Nazi Germany, must be stored in collective memory and comprehended by subsequent generations. Methods and materials. Digital Humanities based on the method of oral history allows to solve this problem. The article presents two options of practical implementation of the issue: the online archive of the interview Forced Labor in 1939-1945. Memories and history and related online platform Learning based on interviews. Forced labor in 1939-1945. The archive includes about 600 narrative biographical interviews with victims of Nazi forced labor in 26 countries. The site accompanying the archive is now available in English, German, Russian and Czech. The second project is based on six specially selected interviews from the archive. Broad source base and nationally-oriented concept of forced labor in Nazi Germany, presented on the platform, create the historical context necessary for using this resource primarily in the secondary educational system of the Russian Federation. Analysis and results. The article shows the possibility of using archive-interviews in science and education, and emphasizes that traditional and new methods of historical research can complement each other. The article emphasizes that biographical films created on the basis of interviews can make the memory of forced labor in Nazi Germany, first of all, of “eastern workers” and Soviet prisoners of war more visible in Russian cultural memory. Contribution of authors to writing an article. Characteristics of peculiarity of oral historical sources, online collections of interviews, compensation payments are given by D. Thousendfreund. Analytics of the project “Forced Labor 1939-1945. Memoirs and History “and online platform” Learning based on interviews. Forced labor 1939-1945”, as well as conclusions are prepared by N.P. Timofeev. Introduction, problem historiography and general editing of the article belong to T.V. Evdokimova.
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Павленко, Андрей Анатольевич. "Monitoring the health of prisoners subjected to disciplinary isolation in penal enforcement legislations of the CIS countries." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 1(38) (March 21, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2019/1(38)/45-53.
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Контроль за состоянием здоровья осужденных, повергнутых дисциплинарной изоляции, является важной гарантией недопущения пыток и других жестоких, бесчеловечных или унижающих достоинство видов обращения или наказания. Прежде всего это относится к взысканию в виде одиночного заключения, при применении которого зачастую происходит «перерастание» легальной дисциплинарной меры в меру, равнозначную пытке. В статье проводится сравнительный анализ сферы медицинского контроля за применением дисциплинарных взысканий к осужденным в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве стран СНГ по трем основным параметрам, обозначенным в п. 46 Правил Нельсона Манделы (далее - ПНМ). К таким параметрам отнесены: 1) обязательность медицинского осмотра (освидетельствования) перед водворением в помещение для дисциплинарной изоляции; 2) регулярное медицинское наблюдение в период нахождения осужденного в помещении для дисциплинарной изоляции; 3) возможность досрочного прекращения дисциплинарного взыскания в виде водворения в указанное помещение. В результате проведенного анализа выявлено, что в сфере контроля за состоянием здоровья осужденных, подвергнутых дисциплинарной изоляции, положениям ПНМ наиболее соответствуют нормы УИК Беларуси и Туркменистана, а также Кодекса исполнения уголовных наказаний Таджикистана и Исполнительного кодекса Молдовы. Приходится констатировать, что соответствие положений УИК РФ рекомендациям Правил Нельсона Манделы в рассматриваемой сфере четко прослеживается только по первому из трех параметров ПНМ. Второй и третий параметры в Кодексе прямо не указаны. Полагаем, что законодательные пробелы, регулирующие медицинский контроль в период нахождения осужденного в помещении для дисциплинарной изоляции, а также досрочное прекращение такой изоляции создают определенные проблемы в профессиональной деятельности работников УИС и подлежат устранению. В первую очередь предлагаем закрепить заложенные во втором и третьем параметрах п. 46 ПНМ на законодательном уровне - в ст. 118 УИК РФ. Далее целесообразно раскрыть процедуру (алгоритм) реализации рассматриваемых норм уже на подзаконном уровне для всего персонала мест лишения свободы - в Правилах внутреннего распорядка ИУ. Алгоритм деятельности медработников УИС в этих ситуациях уже достаточно детально изложен в Порядке организации оказания медицинской помощи лицам, заключенным под стражу или отбывающим наказание в виде лишения свободы. Monitoring the health of prisoners subjected to disciplinary isolation is an important safeguard against torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. This applies in particular to the punishment in the form of solitary confinement, whose application can escalate from legal disciplinary measures into measures that amount to torture. In this article, medical control over disciplinary measures to convicted in penal enforcement legislations of the CIS countries is compared by three main parameters identified in paragraph 46 of Nelson Mandela Rules (hereinafter referred to as the “NMR”). Those parameters include: 1) compulsory medical examination before transfer into disciplinary confinement cell; 2) regular medical supervision while the prisoner is held in a disciplinary confinement cell; 3) opportunity of early termination of disciplinary measures. As the result of the analysis, the Penal Enforcement Code norms of Belarus, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Moldova were distinguished as the most appropriate to the NMR provisions in the area of monitoring the health of prisoners subjected to disciplinary isolation. It should be noted that the Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation is in conformity with the provisions of the Nelson Mandela Rules if we consider only the first out of three NMR parameters identified. Second and third parameters are not expressly mentioned in the Penal Enforcement Code. We believe that legislative gaps regulating medical control during solitary confinement of convicts and early termination of such measures present certain challenges for medical personnel in correctional institutions and must be addressed. Initially, it will be necessary to legislate specified requirements according to second and third parameters of paragraph 46 of NMR - in article 118 of the Penal Enforcement Code of Russia. Then it is appropriate to lay out a procedure (algorithm) for realization of norms under consideration on a sub-legal level, namely: for medical personnel of penal correction system - in organization of provision of health care to persons remanded in custody or serving sentences of deprivation of liberty, for the other officials in detention centers - in the internal work regulations for correctional institutions.
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Ефименко, А. А. "Some aspects of organizing vocational training for convicts in prison in the 1990s." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System, no. 10(257) (November 27, 2023): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2023-257-10-56-61.
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В статье анализируется организация профессионального обучения осужденных в местах лишения свободы в 1990-х годах. Рассмотрены основные критерии исправления осужденных, обусловливающие их успешную адаптацию после освобождения. Указаны причины обучения рабочим профессиям лиц, отбывающих наказание в местах лишения свободы. Автором представлены результаты исследований, проведенных в ряде исправительно-трудовых учреждений в 1990-х годах, по вопросам профессионального образования осужденных, получения ими рабочей специальности и профессии. Выделяется комплекс мер, позволивших в рассматриваемый период сохранить сеть профессионально-технических училищ и их кадровый состав, обеспечить соблюдение в большинстве регионов Российской Федерации конституционного права осужденных на получение профессии, повысить эффективность полезной занятости осужденных в местах лишения свободы. Несомненно, в 1990-х годах ГУИН МВД России принимались необходимые меры по сохранению системы подготовки осужденных в профессионально-технических училищах, что помогало им после освобождения найти работу по специальности. In the article the author analyzes the organization of vocational training for prisoners in prison in the 1990s. He considers the main criteria for the correction of convicts, which determine their successful adaptation after release. He also indicates the reasons for training in working professions for convicts and persons serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty. The author presents the results of studies conducted in a number of correctional labor institutions in the 1990s on the issues of vocational education of convicts, their acquisition of a profession. A set of measures is highlighted that made it possible during the period under review to maintain the network of vocational schools and their staff, to ensure compliance in most regions of the Russian Federation with the constitutional right of convicts to acquire a profession, and to increase the efficiency of useful employment of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty. Undoubtedly, in the 1990s, the MDPE of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia took the necessary measures to preserve the system of training convicts in vocational schools, which helped them find work in their specialty after release.
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Kononets, A. S., O. V. Yanchenko, S. G. Safonova, V. S. Burykhin, S. A. Sterlikov, and E. V. Ilyintsev. "TB CONTROL IN PRISONS: THE HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND THE CURRENT STATE." Вестник ЦНИИТ 7, no. 2 (2023): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.57014/2587-6678-2023-7-2-31-43.
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The research is dedicated to primary and secondary prevention of TB in the penal enforcement system. The difficult epidemiological situation in the 1990s is stated. The activities implemented after the penitentiary service transfer from the Interior Ministry to the Ministry of Justice are meticulously described. The statistical analysis of TB incidence in the 21st century is provided including the aspects of interactions with TB services of the Russian Federation Subjects. Despite significant progress in the organization of TB care to suspects, defendants, and prisoners, we have focused on HIV/TB co-infection. The improvement of TB situation in prisons occurs more rapidly than among the adult population of the Russian Federation, according to the state and municipal health registration systems.
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Mynko, О. "CURRENT ISSUES REGARDING THE PROSPECTS OF CONDUCTING SOME SPECIAL ACTIVITIES WITH PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 2, no. 85 (2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/2/85/282529.
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The conditions of detention of prisoners of war who are the citizens of the Russian Federation and are held in the institutions of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine have been analyzed. The typical character of the behavior of servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from the moment they were captured was considered. Examples of the use of servicemen of the Russian Federation after returning from custody (exchange) in the interests of enemy's propaganda and re-engagement in hostilities on the territory of Ukraine are given. The prospects for the emergence of protest movements within the Russian Federation are considered in view of the examples of the past and the realities of the present. A number of special activities, which are expedient to carry out with prisoners of war of the Russian Federation during their custody in places of detention on the territory of Ukraine, are proposed for consideration. Historical, legal, information-propaganda, religious, social, political, and intelligence-recruitment activities are appropriate to be considered such measures. Prospective results of the proposed special activities with prisoners of war and their possible consequences after return from custody (exchange) are considered.
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Frost, Lizz, and Vladimir Tchertkov. "Prisoner Risk Taking in the Russian Federation." AIDS Education and Prevention 14, no. 5_supplement (October 2002): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.14.7.7.23857.
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Nesterov, A. Y. "INSTITUTE OF PROBATION SERVICE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." BULLETIN 384, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.60.
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In the article, based on the results of an empirical study, the development prospects of the probation service institute in the Russian Federation are presented. The probation service in Russia will focus on the development of juvenile probation in the Russian Federation, which will become the basis for ensuring the successful social adaptation of juvenile offenders in the post-prison period and their subsequent reintegration into modern Russian society. For the first time, the author of the article proposes the structure of the new Federal Law “On the Probation Service in the Russian Federation”. In the development and subsequent discussion in parliament of the Russian Federation of this bill, the author of the publication suggests paying attention to the section "The main activities of rehabilitation centers of the Federal Security Service of Russia". It is determined that the criminal-executive and criminal legislation in Russia as a whole establishes the principle of differentiating the appointment and execution of criminal punishment, especially for juvenile convicts serving criminal sentences in prisons. The problem of legal regulation of the activities of the organizations considered here is extremely acute today. The problem of legal regulation is associated with the post-prison adaptation of persons released from prison. Taking into account the experience of some foreign sovereign states of Asia and Europe, it is necessary to complete the work that has already begun and to adopt the Federal Law on Post-Prison - Social Adaptation of Persons Exempted from Criminal Punishment. The author also determined that penitentiary re-socialization of a convicted person is oriented towards full or partial restoration of social (life) skills, which allows a minor convicted person to reintegrate into society in the post-prison period, independently navigate the issues of obtaining a profession, employment, creating his own family, etc. A juvenile convict, while in prison, partially or completely loses family ties, loses contact with the outside world, friends, acquaintances, and even close relatives turn away from the teenager. But they are necessary for the teenager throughout the entire period of stay in places of deprivation of liberty, and especially after release from the colony in the first post-prison period. The author also proved that a teenager receives in prisons the necessary primary professional, cultural and aesthetic educational, social skills that will guide him in the process of social adaptation in one or another sphere of life. The material in this article does not contain information (information) relating to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
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Pallot, Judith, and Elena Katz. "The Management of Prisoners' Children in the Russian Federation." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 53, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12062.
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Родионов, Алексей, and Aleksey Rodionov. "ECONOMIC SECURITY PROVISION OF RUSSIAN PENITENTIARY SYSTEM’S PRODUCTION SECTOR." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d0a429585cb50.92719319.
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The article presents the results of the study of economic security provision processes of the Russian Federation penitentiary system’s production sector. The directions of the analysis of priority needs in ensuring the economic security of the national penitentiary system are determined. The contingent of convicts held in penitentiary institutions of Russia is structured. The prognostic changes in structure and dynamics trends of the number of certain categories of criminals held in Russian prisons are substantiated. The directions of improvement of existing methods and mechanisms of economic security management of the Russian penitentiary system are offered.
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Moran, Dominique, Judith Pallot, and Laura Piacentini. "Lipstick, Lace, and Longing: Constructions of Femininity inside a Russian Prison." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 700–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d7808.
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This paper examines the construction of femininity within Russian women's prisons. On the basis of fieldwork carried out in three women's prisons in the secure and restricted penal zone within Mordovia, Russian Federation, we present unique and original qualitative data, as well as a critical engagement with contemporary Russian press sources. Starting from the assumption that the (free) female body is a particular target of Foucauldian disciplinary power, in that gender is a discipline which produces bodies and identities and operates as an effective form of social control, we examine the ways in which this disciplinary power of gender is compounded by bodily imprisonment. Criminal women are often considered not only to have broken the law but also to have offended against their culturally specific gender role expectations, and punishment applied to women prisoners is grounded not on what women are like, but on how women ‘ought’ to behave in a particular cultural context, with interventions coercing or persuading women to reintegrate into a recognisably ‘feminine’ form. We uncover Russia's exceptional and exclusionary geography of women's imprisonment, and rehabilitative and educational processes, including a beauty pageant, which seek to rescript criminal women toward a predetermined ‘ideal’ of Russian womanhood, and also explore the ways in which women seek to resist.
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Ishkov, Yuriy Vladimirovich. "Medical, social and organizational fundamentals of ensuring safety of convicts in correctional institutions of federal penitentiary service of Russia." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2020, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2020-2-40-50.
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The article presents the analysis of medical, social and organizational problems to ensure the safety of convicts held in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. There has been stated the increasingly negative effect of the criminal environment on persons held in the above mentioned institutions. Socio-demographic and criminogenic factors are the most significant among the identified problems. Much attention is paid to ensuring the health of persons held in prisons in the Russian Federation, and to the importance of medical safety in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to ensure the security of the convicted in the correctional institutions. In modern conditions there has been found a significant deterioration of the epidemiological situation in prisons (both in Russia and in the world) due to the large-scale spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). It is proposed to intensify sanitary and educational work among the convicted contingent and employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
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Shikhanov, V. N. "Criminalization of AUE*: the Pitfalls of the Enforcement of the Decision* The organization is banned in the Russian Federation." Siberian Law Herald 1 (2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.1.68.
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The article analyzes the expected positive and possible negative consequences of the implementation of the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russia to ban the activities of the international public movement “Prisoner criminal unity” in the Russian Federation. The organization is recognized as extremist. The author considers possible options for criminal-legal assessment of the activities of adults who coordinate minor adherents of this subculture, legal assessment of the collection and storage of material and financial resources (the so-called “obshchak”), which are intended to Finance the activities of the “AUE” movement or its members. Special attention is paid to the issues of legal influence on teenagers who are in one way or another committed to the“AUE”-ideology. Based on criminological theory and practice, the author draws attention to a number of issues on which it is necessary to develop a clear position in order to avoid negative side effects from the application of the norms of the Codec of the Russia on administrative offenses and the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Among these consequences, the risks of dramatization of evil and stigmatization with subsequent polarization of young people, excessive expansion of the boundaries of criminal repression for ideological reasons, and an increase in the mood of sympathy or imitation for those who will be brought to criminal responsibility for adhering to the criminal subculture are highlighted. According to the author, the window of opportunities for countering the criminal subculture should be used with great care, so as not to repeat the mistakes and excesses that were previously made in countering extremist activities and for the sake of eliminating which the Prosecutor General’s office of the Russian Federation, together with the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in September 2018, were forced to significantly adjust law enforcement practice.
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Lazarenko, Elena I. "The condition of Russian World War I prisoners of war in foreign camps (based on materials of personal origin)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 1 (2022): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-201-209.
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The situation of Russian World War I prisoners of war in the camps of the Quadruple Alliance countries is described. The relevance of the research lies in the study of the problem of captivity and comparison of the treatment of Russian prisoners of war in Germany and Turkey, using the preserved testimony of witnesses of the events of past years: diplomats, Russian soldiers who found themselves in German and Turkish captivity. The aim of the study is based on the analysis of previously unexamined documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, letters and memos. During the study, it was concluded that Soviet diplomats attempted to help improve the situation of Russian prisoners of war in German camps, their re-evacuation to their homeland after the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty, by participating in the work of mixed commissions and creating new international legal acts. It was found that the most difficult, unbearable and cruel captivity for the Russian soldiers was in Turkey. Unlike the Turkish captivity, the German one, in spite of all its flaws and severity, still left a chance for survival. Turkey had the highest death rate of prisoners of war.
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Z.G., Saktaganova, and Galdysheva A. "Children of KARLAG: conditions of detention based on materials from archives and memoirs." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 107, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022hph3/182-192.
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One of the contingents of Karlag prisoners were children who shared the tragic fate of their mothers, many of whom ended up in the camp as “MFTM” – “members of the families of traitors to the Motherland”. The article considers the historiography of the children's camp theme in Karlag, the authors summarize that the problem of “children of Karlag” in domestic historiography has been studied fragmentarily and superficially, there are no systemic, fundamental works. In this publication, an attempt is made, based on archival materials,memoirs, and interviews of former little prisoners of the Karaganda FLC, to trace the conditions of detention and fragments of camp life that ended up in one of the most sinister camps in Kazakhstan. The source base of the article is represented by three main types of written historical sources of the 30s-50s. of the 20th century: legal documents on the GULAG camps, records management documentation of the Karlag and statistical materials from the archival funds of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on the number, mortality of children, etc. The article uses fragments of the memories of the prisoners of Karlag from published collections, as well as interview materials taken by one of the authors of this publication from former prisoners of the Karaganda FLC. The article involves documents from the archival funds of the Republic of Kazakhstan (the fund of the Political Department of the Karlag from the State Archive of the Karaganda region; the fund of the Karlag Administration from the Archive of the Office of the Committee for Legal Statistics and Special Records of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Karaganda region) and the Russian Federation (the fund of the Main Directorate of Places of Detention (GUMZ) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR from the State Archive of the Russian Federation).
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Bodaevsky, Viktor P. "The effect of the Russian criminal law regarding military crimes in space." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020997-7.
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The article analyzes the specifics of the application of special legal norms provided for in Articles 11 and 12 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: on the operation of the criminal law against persons who committed a crime on a military ship or military aircraft of the Russian Federation; on the operation of the criminal law against military personnel of military units of the Russian Federation stationed outside the Russian Federation. It is stated that full criminal jurisdiction extends to: warships or military aircraft of the Russian Federation, regardless of their location; troops in combat conditions, as well as on the territory of military units stationed in peacetime, if there is no bilateral international agreement or if this is directly determined by the relevant international treaty; military personnel during service as part of a special military contingent of international organizations (UN, CSTO, etc.). Limited criminal jurisdiction it is established by a bilateral international agreement. The issues of extradition of military personnel and jurisdiction of criminal responsibility of prisoners of war are considered. Based on the above, the relevant conclusions and proposals for improving the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are formulated.
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SHURUKHNOV, NIKOLAI G. "Components of the organizational and legal mechanism for the use of security measures in the investigation of crimes in correctional institutions." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 232, no. 9 (2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-232-9-23-34.
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The article analyzes the implementation of security measures that ensure the process of investigating crimes committed by convicts during the period of serving a sentence of imprisonment in correctional institutions. Their individual names, specific features, prescribed by federal laws and regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Justice of Russia and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are indicated. The article shows their role in obtaining information that contributes to the planning of the investigation, the search for places of incidents that could not be established by the interrogator or the investigator, the detection of traces of the crime, material evidence, the implementation in some cases of their protection, in others - their seizure according to the rules approximated to the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russiansideration of the principles of conducting security measures in institutions that provide isolation from society. The issue is raised about the recognition of the seized items as material evidence according to the rules established by federal law. The approach to the problem of ensuring the process of investigating crimes committed by convicts in prisons, with the parallel implementation of security measures, proposed in this article, is close to the ideas of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor Konstantin Konstantinovich Goryainov, who was an adherent of the problem of operational search support for the investigation of crimes committed in the institutions of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation. Federation. Substantial attention is paid to the con