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Journal articles on the topic 'Private armies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cohen, Eliot A., and David Shearer. "Private Armies and Military Intervention." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 2 (1999): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049228.

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Sullivan, John P. "Terrorism, Crime and Private Armies." Low Intensity Conflict & Law Enforcement 11, no. 2-3 (2002): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966284042000279018.

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Olechowski, Adam, and Jarosław Wiśnicki. "Privatization of War – The Russian Mode Using the Wagner Group as an Example." Polish Political Science Yearbook 54, no. 1 (2025): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202510.

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Private armies and the mercenary profession associated with them are nothing new in the history of wars. The mercenary troops of Italian conditioners and German Landsknecht operating at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance even contributed to creating a romantic myth of mercenary soldiers. Even the French Revolution did not end private armies and mercenaries, which resulted in the creation of large, conscripted national armies. In the 21st century, we observe a renaissance of private armies. Military strategists are already talking about the privatization of war. This can be confirm

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Ahmedi, Bujar, and Besian Ahmeti. "Private Armies in Contemporary International Politics." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v3i3.p45-55.

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Tutunarov, Hristo. "Bulgarians’ Motivation for Participation in Private Military Companies." Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics 2, no. 2 (2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2022.2.02.

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Private military companies are becoming increasingly popular; their manpower is higher than the manpower of some national armies. Nevertheless, they still exist in the shadows and are often called “shadow armies”. Recently PMC have been participating in various military conflicts including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. National armies are losing manpower because soldiers prefer to join private military companies. When such companies recruit staff internationally, they directly weaken the national armies because the PMC contractors are mostly ex-militaries and ex-police staff. PMC

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Hughes, Matthew. "British Private Armies in the Middle East?" RUSI Journal 153, no. 2 (2008): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840802103314.

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Shannon, Ulric. "Human Security and the Rise of Private Armies." New Political Science 22, no. 1 (2000): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687892.

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van der Kroef, Justus M. "Private Armies and Extrajudicial Violence in the Philippines." Asian Affairs: An American Review 13, no. 4 (1986): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927678.1986.9933662.

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A. O'Brien, Kevin, and Štefan Sarvaš. "Private Armies – A New Factor on the International Scene." Czech Journal of International Relations 34, no. 4 (1999): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1432.

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Private military associations represent a new phenomenon in international relations. Their significance has been rising since the end of the Cold War. The increasing attention devoted to them over the past few years is the result of several factors. First of all, the fact that these are subjects that seek to fill gaps in the market and whose existence is motivated, above all, by the prevailing demand of the market. Private armies to some extent represent the extended arm of the foreign policy of certain countries (especially the US, France, and Great Britain), and enable them to participate in

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10

Nagel, Alexander-Kenneth. "Agents, Armies, Allies: Semantics of Public-Private Partnerships in US Welfare Reform." Journal of Religion in Europe 6, no. 2 (2013): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00602003.

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Global competition and demographic change have put modern welfare states under pressure. To ensure budget consolidation without too harsh a retrenchment of benefits, privatization and competition have become white hopes in the social-political debate. As states are courting civil society to take over responsibility in the realm of social welfare, they create opportunity structures for religious communities to re-enter the public sphere. While it has become fashionable to announce the resurgence of religion in heroic diagnoses of the world order, little attention has been given to what is going

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Weeber, Stan C. "The Political Sociology of Private Armies in Colombia and the United States." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 27, no. 2 (2003): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2003.9678707.

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Remli, Fahim, and Rafik Boubchiche. "Private Security and Military Companies in the African Continent: "A Study on the Justifications for Presence and Areas of Concentration." Journal of Science and Knowledge Horizons 4, no. 02 (2024): 676–88. https://doi.org/10.34118/jskp.v4i02.4069.

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The complex security conditions experienced by African countries during the colonial period and after independence, have led to an urgent need for new mechanisms to address gaps that local armies and security institutions have failed to manage. Most African countries have become unable to achieve their primary goal of survival and security, which has led them to rely on private security and military companies. These companies have taken on the task of providing military, logistical, and operational support to national armies, as well as other functions primarily related to protecting geo-strat

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13

Marsili, Marco. "Guns for Hire: The Privatization of Modern Wars." Rivista di studi politici internazionali 90, no. 4 (2023): 571–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10705500.

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Modern warfare no longer requires large armies filled almost entirely by conscripts but professional, volunteer, and skilled soldiers. Commercialisation of force is evident in public use of private military contractors–just another wording for mercenaries. These trend opens new spaces for (semi)covered armed interventions and holds political and military leaders not accountable for crimes committed by hired guns. This paper explores the use of paramilitary in the context of contemporary conflicts and analyses the implications in the light of international (humanitarian) law.

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Mears, John A. "The Thirty Years' War, the “General Crisis,” and the Origins of a Standing Professional Army in the Habsburg Monarchy." Central European History 21, no. 2 (1988): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012711.

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One of the most striking features of seventeenth-century state building was the formation of standing armies. Kings and princes throughout Europe, responding to conditions of almost constant strife, were compelled to transform ineffective feudal levies and unruly bands of mercenaries into regularized bodies of professional troops, making ever larger and more costly military establishments instruments of rational foreign policy rather than the preserves of the old nobility or freebootingcondottieri. In building armies of the new type, European monarchs had to surmount determined opposition from

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Stoltz, Joseph F. "Documenting a Proposed 1781 French-American Attack on New York: The Chastellux Archive and the Epic Finale That Never Was." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 22, no. 1 (2024): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2024.a920464.

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Abstract: In the summer of 1781, a Franco-American army under the command of George Washington contemplated an elaborate attack on New York City that, it hoped, would bring the American War for Independence to a close. The details of that plan were lost to history, until a few years ago. Discovered in the papers of Francois-Jean de Chastellux in the private Chastellux family archives in Burgundy, France, the battleplan is now in the George Washington Presidential Library in Mount Vernon, Virginia. Historians of the American War of Independence have traditionally depicted the summer of 1781 as

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Tegos, Spyridon. "Machiavelli and Tocqueville on War and Armies." Conatus 8, no. 2 (2023): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.35715.

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In the Democracy in America’s chapters on war and armies in the transition from the aristocratic to the democratic social state (état social), Tocqueville briefly draws on Machiavelli regarding the conquest of a country with or without intermediary powers between political leadership and the people by which he primarily understands the existence of local nobilities. In this reference, Tocqueville is quick to express skepticism about the overstated importance of Machiavelli in the history of political philosophy. In different places of his work though a more mitigated stance is documented. A co

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Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed. "Sean McFate. The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Order." Terrorism and Political Violence 29, no. 2 (2017): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2016.1277668.

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Dunigan, Molly. "The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Orderby Sean McFate." Journal of the Middle East and Africa 6, no. 2 (2015): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2015.1050627.

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Johnson, Douglas H. "Recruitment and entrapment in private slave armies: The structure of thezarä'ibin the southern Sudan." Slavery & Abolition 13, no. 1 (1992): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440399208575056.

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Cullen, Patrick. "The modern mercenary: private armies and what they mean for world order. By Sean McFate." International Affairs 91, no. 5 (2015): 1172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12412.

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21

Fedorin, A. "Military Reforms in North Vietnam in the 17th–18th Centuries and their Impact on the Combat Capability of the Army." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2024): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080029999-5.

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Throughout Vietnam&apos;s medieval history, the military aristocracy has always played a crucial role in government, relying on private armies that formed the basis of the armed forces. Nevertheless, in the second half of the 17th –– first quarter of the 18th centuries in the northern part of Vietnam, with the temporary cessation of wars, there has been a transition from military dictatorship and related forms of government to a state in which, at least formally, the first place would be given to civilian officials. This transition required a major reorganization of the army, which was car

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Chen, Kai. "Book Review: Sean McFate, The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Order." Political Studies Review 15, no. 2 (2017): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929917694642.

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23

Donahue, Kate, and Jon Kleinberg. "Private Blotto: Viewpoint Competition with Polarized Agents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 13 (2025): 13771–78. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i13.33505.

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Social media platforms are responsible for collecting and disseminating vast quantities of content. Recently, however, they have also begun enlisting users in helping annotate this content - for example, to provide context or label disinformation. However, users may act strategically, sometimes reflecting biases (e.g. political) about the "right" label. How can social media platforms design their systems to use human time most efficiently? Historically, competition over multiple items has been explored in the Colonel Blotto game setting. However, they were originally designed to model two cent

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24

Stinchfield, Bryan T. "Small groups of investors and their private armies: the ascendance of private equity firms and their control over private military companies as further evidence of epochal change theory." Small Wars & Insurgencies 31, no. 1 (2019): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1672967.

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Kadercan, Burak. "Strong Armies, Slow Adaptation: Civil-Military Relations and the Diffusion of Military Power." International Security 38, no. 3 (2014): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00146.

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Why are some states more willing to adopt military innovations than others? Why, for example, were the great powers of Europe able to successfully reform their military practices to better adapt to and participate in the so-called military revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries while their most important extra-European competitor, the Ottoman Empire, failed to do so? This puzzle is best explained by two factors: civil-military relations and historical timing. In the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of an institutionally strong and internally cohesive army during the early stages of

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Ankit, Rakesh. "Mountbatten, Auchinleck and the End of the British Indian Army: August–November 1947." Britain and the World 12, no. 2 (2019): 172–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2019.0325.

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Juxtaposing the private papers of Louis Mountbatten and Claude Auchinleck, this article seeks to shed light on the most influential factor in the reconstitution of the British Indian Army into the Indian and Pakistani armies, namely, the two men's worsening relationship between April and November 1947, in view of what each saw as the other's partisan position, and its consequences: the closure of Auchinleck's office and his departure from India. In doing so, it brings to the fore another aspect of that fraught period of transition, at the end of which the British Indian Empire was transformed

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Mihăilescu, Adina. "Ecological consumption in Romania." Sociology International Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2020.04.00223.

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While in some parts of the world, strategic resources are scattered, in others people can not even satisfy their basic needs. Changing consumer behavior is a process that requires a large number of social groups, specialists, institutions, industries, and so on. In addition to private households, one of the major consumer groups, there is the economy, institutions, armies, authorities, non-governmental organizations and many other groups, of large direct or indirect consumption of natural resources. We present some of the research data: 'The Ecological Dimension of Consumption of Goods and Ser

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Gaiko, Oleg. "PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES AND THE “PRIVATIZATION” OF MILITARY CONFLICTS IN THE CONTEX OF THE DEMONOPOLIZATION OF THE STATE VIOLEN." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University. Issues of Political Science, no. 40 (December 29, 2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2021-40-07.

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The prerequisites for the emergence of private military companies and private security companies, the features of their functioning in the context of the demonopolization of state violence are considered. The influence of the establishment of a monopoly on the use of violence in the process of the formation of states of the modern type (states of the Modern era) is highlighted. In a historical retrospective, the reasons for the formation of a state monopoly on the use of violence, factors that contributed to the strengthening of royal power, led to the centralization of state power and the for

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Lasek, Piotr. "Private castles of Polish commanders during the Thirteen Years War." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 296, no. 2 (2017): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134963.

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In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a dynamic development in firearms. Improvements were made both to the artillery and firearms, as well as to the technique of using this type of weapon. In Central Europe, the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Confederation of Prussian states with the Teutonic Or�der, known as the Thirteen Years War, served as a training ground for the development of firearms. The use of fire�arms and artillery in this conflict, during both field battles and, above all, during the numerous sieges of cities and castles, draws closer attention to the i

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Гаврилюк, Іван. "A private army of Prince Vladyslav Dominik Zaslavsky in the military operations during the first years of Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s Uprising (1648-1651)." Острозька давнина 1, no. 7 (2020): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2707-1650-2020-7-72-91.

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The article focuses on the participation of the private armies of Prince Vladyslav Dominik Zaslavsky in the Cossack Revolution, 1648-1651, during its first years. This was the most active period of Khmelnytsky’s Uprising, when the battles of Zhovti Vody, Korsun, Kostiantyniv, Pyliavtsi, Zboriv and Berestechko took place. At the height of the Uprising, Zaslavsky's military units were a significant force and played an important role in the battles. In particular, near Zborov in the summer of 1649, they saved most of the crown army from instant defeat. From 1650 to 1651, the number and activity o

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Alexandrescu, Mihai-Bogdan. "Specific Elements of Marketing in the Recruitment and Selection of Human Resources Process in Romanian Army." Scientific Bulletin 23, no. 2 (2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2018-0008.

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Abstract The issue of recruiting a quality human resource appears to be, more or less, a universal one, and it is not just an issue for the United States of America but also for Europe, as the modern armies are confronting with difficulties in recruiting and retaining military personnel. The reasons are generated by the changes of the values in civil society, as well as by the fact that the interest and motivation of joining the army are declining, especially among young people. The competition between the private labor market and the military organization is increasing due to the high level o

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Petrović, Srećko. "Slavica Popović Filipović, The Great Women in the Great War." Nicholai Studies: International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich I, no. 1 (2021): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46825/nicholaistudies/ns.2021.1.1.209-214.

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This research project was an undertaking involving reviewing extensive archived materials, original documents, correspondence, hand-written texts, and photographs in various archives in different parts of the world, as well as in private family storage. The work in front of us is dedicated to some exceptional women who command exalted positions, women who sacrificed their personal lives by sharing wartime suffering with the Serbian people and armies during the traumatic war years: the typhoid epidemics, the exodus through the Albanian mountain ranges, the exile on the island of Corfu, Corsica,

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Maher, Amanda. "The power of “wealth, nobility and men:” Inequality and corruption in Machiavelli’s Florentine Histories." European Journal of Political Theory 19, no. 4 (2017): 512–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885117730673.

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This article draws a connection between socio-economic inequality and political corruption based on a reading of Machiavelli’s Florentine Histories. Prevailing interpretations of the Histories attribute the moral corruption and civil conflict Machiavelli condemns as the source of Florence’s republican failure to the unique historical conditions of early-modern Florence. In this article, I trace Florentine corruption and factionalism to the perennial problem of inequality. Through his narration of the two centuries of Florentine history leading up to Cosimo de Medici’s ascent to first citizen,

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Montagnier, Jean-Paul C. "The War of the Austrian Succession and the Masses by Henry Madin (1740–1748)." Music and Letters 100, no. 3 (2019): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcz077.

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Abstract Henry Madin was the only sous-maître de la Musique of Louis XV’s Chapel to be a priest, and served in this capacity during the time of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–8). Documents strongly imply that Madin was exceptionally receptive to the fate of the royal armies and also demonstrate his keen political acumen. Only motets à grand chœur were sung at the king’s Mass: composers connected with the Chapelle Royale had no necessity to set the Ordinarium missae to music. Therefore, one wonders why Madin had polyphonic masses printed by Ballard between 1741 and 1747. This essay in

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35

Xinfang, Lou. "THE MODERN MERCENARY – PRIVATE ARMIES AND WHAT THEY MEAN FOR WORLD ORDER, Sean McFate, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, 272 pages." Politique étrangère Hiver, no. 4 (2015): XVII. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.154.0187q.

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Reynolds, Nicholas. "The “Scholastic” Marine Who Won a Secret War: FRANK HOLCOMB, THE OSS, AND AMERICAN DOUBLE-CROSS OPERATIONS IN EUROPE." Marine Corps History 6, no. 1 (2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2020060102.

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This article focuses on a little-known contribution to Allied victory in Europe after D-Day by a part of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the Special Counterintelligence (SCI) teams of the X-2 (Counterintelligence) Branch. Using a combination of private papers, unpublished studies, and OSS records, the author looks through the eyes of the commander of the SCI teams, Frank P. Holcomb, son of wartime Commandant General Thomas Holcomb. A Marine Corps reservist and OSS officer, Holcomb received a rudimentary orientation from the British in counterespionage and deception operations before cr

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Graham, Aaron, and Michael Paul Martoccio. "Provisions, Passports and the Problems of International Warfare in Early Eighteenth-Century Northern Italy: A Micro-Historical Study." European History Quarterly 53, no. 2 (2023): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914231163087.

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The relationship between the rise of the modern European state and military resource mobilization has been studied either through the capacity of Europe's fiscal-military states to mobilize war-making resources internally or the continued importance of private, non-state contractors to fund, recruit and supply armies. Missing from this literature is an understanding of how military contractors acquired supplies outside of national borders as well as the sorts of diplomatic and personal connections these contractors drew upon to move war goods across multiple jurisdictions for hundreds of miles

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Wittstock, Joachim. "„Die Kosakenbraut. Eine siebenbürgische Erzählung“ aus dem Nachlass von Otto Fritz Jickeli." Germanistische Beiträge 49, no. 1 (2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gb-2023-0001.

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Abstract The writer Otto Fritz Jickeli (1888-1960) turned to events of the 19th century in his unpublished story Die Kosakenbraut. The revolution of 1848 /49 forms the chronological axis for the events in the description, with their befor and after. The episodes do not lack the unusual moments that occur in times of revolutionary upheaval. As is well known, the Imperial Austrian troops were supported in their fight against Hungarian revolutionaries by the Tsarist Russian army, and the armies of the insurgents finally succumbed to this military alliance of the great powers. The changing fortune

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Kuran, Timur. "Islam and Economic Performance: Historical and Contemporary Links." Journal of Economic Literature 56, no. 4 (2018): 1292–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171243.

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This essay critically evaluates the analytic literature concerned with causal connections between Islam and economic performance. It focuses on works since 1997, when this literature was last surveyed comprehensively. Among the findings are the following: Ramadan fasting by pregnant women harms prenatal development; Islamic charities mainly benefit the middle class; Islam affects educational outcomes less through Islamic schooling than through structural factors that handicap learning as a whole; Islamic finance has a negligible effect on Muslim financial behavior; and low generalized trust de

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Costa, Flávia Foresto Porto da. "As Autodefesas Unidas da Colômbia (AUC) e sua Estratégia Paramilitar no Fim do Século XX: Origem, Organização e Ideologia l The United Self-Defenses of Colombia (AUC) and its Paramilitary Strategy at the End of the 20th Century: Origin, Organization and Ideology." Revista Neiba, Cadernos Argentina Brasil 10, no. 1 (2021): e58909. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/neiba.2021.58909.

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Criadas em 1994 como uma confederação de exércitos privados colombianos, as Autodefesas Unidas da Colômbia (AUC) marcaram uma expansão do paramilitarismo e um recrudescimento do conflito armado naquele país, tendo sido atuantes até seu processo de desmobilização, em 2002. Buscando compreender as origens, a organização e os discursos desse fenômeno paramilitar, o presente trabalho realiza uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que inclui, entre outros, os documentos originais das AUC e entrevistas com suas principais lideranças. Verifica-se que as AUC constituíram, por um lado, uma continuidad

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Ilyichev, Anton Vladimirovich. "The Russian Army on the Eve of the Crimean War: Between Myth and Reality." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 9 (September 2023): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.9.38690.

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The article is devoted to the problems of the military system of the Russian Empire in the years of the reign of Nicholas I. The subject of the study is the military organization of the Russian Empire in the middle of the XIX century. The object of the study is the Russian army in the Crimean War (1853-1856). The focus is on the organization of the armed forces of the Empire, the training of enlisted and officers, logistics and pensions, as well as military production in the middle of the XIX century. Traditionally, in Russian historiography, the main drawbacks of the military system were call

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Makarevich, O. L. "MOBILIZATION AND MANNING OF THE RED ARMY DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA (1918-1922)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 4 (2020): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-4-616-627.

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The article is devoted to the analysis and generalization of the experience of mobilization work of the military administration of the Red Army, received during the Civil War 1918-1922. Historically short period of time is unique in that under emergency conditions of war and economic ruin, in the ring of fronts against the white armies and foreign troops of the interventionists, the Soviet leadership managed to create and establish an overall effective mechanism for manning the Red Army troops. The article considers the evolution of the main mobilization body - the Mobilization Department (sin

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Sawicki, Mariusz. "United in the Commonwealth. The Participation of Lithuanian troops in the Zborów battle in 1649." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (2018): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0016.

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AbstractIn 1648, an uprising broke out in Ukraine that belonged to Poland at the time. The war was not successful for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Cossacks and Tartars, who were helping them during the war, surrounded Zbaraż, about whose defense everyone knew in the country. King Jan Kazimierz decided to set out to rescue the besieged fortress. It was decided that not only Polish troops, but also soldiers of Lithuania would set out for Ukraine. Not only state armies, but also private regiments set out to fight. The article discusses the problem of the reasons for the participation o

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M. Subhashini, K. Shankar,. "An Efficient Authentication Approach with Optimization Algorithms and Elliptical Curve Cryptography for Cloud Environment." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.8997.

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The fast-emerging of cloud computing technology today has sufficiently benefited its wide range of users from individuals to large organizations. It carries an attractive characteristic by renting myriad virtual storages, computing resources and platform for users to manipulate their data or utilize the processing resources conveniently over Internet without the need to know the exact underlying infrastructure which is resided remotely at cloud servers. Security is very important for any kind of networks. As a main communication mode, the security mechanism for multicast is not only the measur

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Balogh, Máté. "Egy kimagasló szervitori karrier." „Végek dicsérete” - Bégek, kapitányok, katonák 38, no. 4 (2023): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/aetas.2023.4.30-49.

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This study aims to examine the details of the relationship between Ferenc Káldy Sr of Felsőkáld, a nobleman from Western Transdanubia, and his overlord, Ádám I. Batthyány. Káldy had significant wealth from a young age, and he was active in the public life of Vas county throughout his whole life. Some of his significant career achievements include becoming the vice captain of Pápa, being the commander of the private army of the Batthyány family from 1634, and serving as the vice captain of the Transdanubian district from 1637. He couldn’t have achieved these positions and influence, however, wi

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Agba, Michael Sunday, Hassan Achimugu, Chukwurah, D.C. J., and Joy Uyo Agboni. "Reward System in the Nigerian Political and Public Sector: The Call for a Paradigm Shift in the 21st Century." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 5 (2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i5.2343.

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Reward system defined in terms of remunerations, salaries, wages, allowances, and fringe benefits constitute a dominant feature of political and public institutions in developed and developing countries. Nigeria as a social formation operates a reward system where civil servants and political office holders are remunerated through salaries, fringe benefits and allowances for performing legislative, executive and administrative functions. This paper is an attempt at examining political and other public servants salaries and allowances within the backdrop of its implications on human resource ma

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Figueroa Pérez, Jose Antonio. "Guerra privatizada, capitalismo lumpen y racismo en la frontera Ecuador-Colombia." URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 31 (September 1, 2021): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.31.2021.4632.

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Este artículo analiza el impacto de la privatización de la guerra de Colombia en la frontera binacional con Ecuador y su relación con la desposesión de la población afrodescendiente. Se muestra cómo la guerra responde cada vez más a los intereses de las transnacionales armamentistas y a los crecientes ejércitos privados. A partir de la respuesta del Estado colombiano a las demandas de la población afrodescendiente en el contexto de la privatización de la guerra, se muestra cómo el discurso culturalista que se impuso desde los años 90 ha servido para afianzar la exclusión y la desposesión que s

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Eissa-Barroso, Francisco A. "“OF EXPERIENCE, ZEAL, AND SELFLESSNESS”: Military Officers as Viceroys in Early Eighteenth Century Spanish America." Americas 68, no. 03 (2012): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500001267.

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On February 18, 1724, field marshal Antonio Manso Maldonado arrived in New Granada as the president, governor, and captain-general of the New Kingdom. He had been appointed to this position on December 4, 1723, because both the crown and die Chamber of the Indies thought it would be best executed by a military officer. Manso Maldonado could boast more than 30 years of military service, proven loyalty, and administrative experience, much of it during the first reign of Felipe V. After joining the royal armies as a private, Manso Maldonado rose steadily through the ranks, fighting the Moors in C

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Eissa-Barroso, Francisco A. "“Of Experience, Zeal, and Selflessness”: Military Officers as Viceroys in Early Eighteenth Century Spanish America." Americas 68, no. 03 (2012): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500006489.

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On February 18, 1724, field marshal Antonio Manso Maldonado arrived in New Granada as the president, governor, and captain-general of the New Kingdom. He had been appointed to this position on December 4, 1723, because both the crown and the Chamber of the Indies thought it would be best executed by a military officer. Manso Maldonado could boast more than 30 years of military service, proven loyalty, and administrative experience, much of it during the first reign of Felipe V. After joining the royal armies as a private, Manso Maldonado rose steadily through the ranks, fighting the Moors in C

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Eissa-Barroso, Francisco A. "“Of Experience, Zeal, and Selflessness”: Military Officers as Viceroys in Early Eighteenth Century Spanish America." Americas 68, no. 3 (2012): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2012.0022.

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Abstract:

On February 18, 1724, field marshal Antonio Manso Maldonado arrived in New Granada as the president, governor, and captain-general of the New Kingdom. He had been appointed to this position on December 4, 1723, because both the crown and the Chamber of the Indies thought it would be best executed by a military officer. Manso Maldonado could boast more than 30 years of military service, proven loyalty, and administrative experience, much of it during the first reign of Felipe V. After joining the royal armies as a private, Manso Maldonado rose steadily through the ranks, fighting the Moors in C

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